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Introduction: Our study delves into the intricate interplay of risk factors and the strategic selection of adjuvant therapy, scrutinizing their influence on recurrence and survival outcomes in stage IIA (T3N0M0) colon cancer patients. Materials and Methods: The study examined the medical records of patients who underwent surgery for stage IIA colon cancer. Identification of stage IIA (pT3N0M0) colon cancer involved a comprehensive review of postoperative clinical records and histological reports. Parameters such as demographic data, tumor characteristics, microsatellite instability status, tumor locations, recurrence risk factors, preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen levels, and adjuvant treatments were systematically evaluated. Results: In our study involving 220 patients, 138 were male (62.7%), with a median age of 62 years and a median body mass index of 25.1 kg/m2. In the patient group without risk factors, no statistically significant difference was detected in disease-free survival (DFS) rates between those who received treatment and those who did not (p = 0.546). DFS rates of patients with >1 risk factor were statistically significantly lower than those with a single risk factor (p = 0.017). In patients with >1 risk factor, the DFS of those who did not receive adjuvant treatment was significantly lower than those who received adjuvant treatment (p < 0.001). In the patient group with recurrence, when adjuvant treatments were considered, recurrence was significantly higher in the group receiving capecitabine (p = 0.01). Conclusion: The decision for adjuvant chemotherapy in stage IIA colon cancer patients involves careful consideration of various parameters and risk factors. The evolving landscape of research may refine recommendations, ensuring optimal treatment outcomes while minimizing unnecessary toxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leptomeningeal metastases (LM) occurs in approximately 5% of individuals diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer (BC). Both systemic and intrathecal (IT) agents can be used for treatment. However, data to support the effectiveness of IT therapy are insufficient. The primary aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of IT therapy in BC patients with LM. This was a retrospective observational study. SPSS version 27 was used for statistical analysis. Kaplan--Meier and Cox regression analyses were used for survival analysis. The study included 14 patients (median age, 52 years). The predominant histopathological t ypes were invasive ductal carcinoma (57%) and invasive lobular carcinoma (36%). In IT treatment, methotrexate was used in 64% of the patients and trastuzumab was used in 36%. Notably, 36% of patients had a partial response, 14% had a stable response, and 5 0% had disease progression. It was found that approximately 50% of patients with positive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology became negative after treatment. Furthermore, toxicity of grade 2 or higher was observed in 49% of patients. The median progression-free survival duration among patients who received methotrexate was 1.46 months (95% CI, 0.29-2.0) and among those who received trastuzumab was 5.1 months (95% CI, 0-13.1). The median overall survival duration among all patients was 3.8 months. LM is an indicator of poor prognosis among patients with breast cancer. However, IT therapy is one of the few treatment options. IT trastuzumab should be considered as a treatment if leptomeningeal metastases develop in HER2-positive breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: In studies conducted on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, many factors such as age, stage, weight loss, lymph node, and pleural involvement have been shown to affect survival. On the other hand, systemic inflammation plays a critical role in proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis. Inflammation and nutrition-based prognostic scores are reported to be associated with survival in patients with NSCLC. The aim of our study is to show the effects of these scores on survival and disease progression in NSCLC patients. Subjects and Methods: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), modified Glasgow prognostic score (mGPS), and prognostic nutritional index (PNI) values in 102 patients with stages 1, 2, and 3A NSCLC were analyzed retrospectively. Results: NLR (p < 0.001), PLR (p = 0.001), PNI (p < 0.001), and mGPS (p = 0.001) variables showed a statistically significant difference according to mortality groups. NLR and PLR values were higher in exitus patients. However, PNI values were higher in surviving patients. NLR (p < 0.001), PLR (p = 0.004), PNI (p = 0.001), and mGPS (p = 0.015) variables showed a statistically significant difference in terms of locoregional recurrence. PNI (p = 0.001) and mGPS (p = 0.001) in terms of distant metastasis development during follow-up and treatment showed a statistically significant difference. Conclusion: NLR, PLR, PNI, and mGPS are easily accessible noninvasive parameters and provide predictive information about survival and disease course. We showed the effect of these parameters on the prognosis. Highlights of the Study: Stages 1, 2, and 3A non-small cell lung cancer patients were reviewed retrospectively. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, prognostic nutritional index, and modified Glasgow prognostic score were calculated. We found that these scores were closely related to overall survival, development of distant metastases, and recurrence. Inflammation and nutrition-based scores can be used to predict disease progression and survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Computed tomography (CT) is a frequently used modality for staging in the preoperative evaluation of gastric cancer (GC). Our aim was to interpret the importance of preoperative CT features in predicting overall survival (OS) in patients operated for GC. Methods: One hundred and one patients with GC (33 women, 68 men; range of age: 29-82 years, median age: 61 years) who had abdominal CT prior to surgical resection were included in the study retrospectively. Two radiologists evaluated CT scans to record the longest dimension of the tumor, the localization of the lesion, the attenuation values of the tumor in the arterial and venous phases (Hounsfield units), invasion depth of the lesion (T stage), and the number of pathological lymph nodes (LNs) (N stage). Postoperative pathological results including resection (R0, R1), T stage, N stage, grade, and histopathological subtype were documented. All CT-provided results and clinicopathological features associated with OS were analyzed by univariate, multivariate, and receiver operator characteristic analysis. Results: Multivariate analysis revealed that none of the CT features were associated with the OS. After resection, the survival ratio was poor for the R1 and high-grade groups than for the R0 and low-grade groups (p=0.001 and p=0.005, respectively). N stage and the longest dimension of the tumor on CT imaging truly estimated R1 resection status (AUC, 0.697; sensitivity, 63%; and specificity, 88%, and AUC, 0.734; sensitivity, 18%; and specificity, 76%, respectively). Conclusion: R1 resection status is associated with poor OS in GC. CT features, including the tumor's longest dimension and the number of pathological LNs, can predict R1 resection status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND AND AIM: The aim of this study was to assess the factors affecting T790M mutation acquisition in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC) patients. METHODS: We evaluated the data of EGFR-mutant metastatic lung cancer patients who progressed under tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) retrospectively. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between the acquisition of the T790M mutation and clinicopathological characteristics. RESULTS: The study enlisted the participation of 52 patients. Exon 19, Exon 21, and uncommon mutation distributions at diagnosis were 67.3%, 23.1%, and 9.6%, respectively. After the disease progressed under TKIs, the presence of T790M mutation was evaluated with liquid (75%) or tissue biopsies (25%). In 33 (63.5%) patients, T790M mutations were detected. Gender, age, de novo metastatic disease, primary tumor localization (left or right lung), number of metastatic sites, type of TKI, smoking, objective response, and type of biopsy were not statistically significant factors for T790M mutation acquisition in logistic regression analysis. However, progression-free survival (PFS) time (p=0.03) and EGFR inhibitor-related toxicity (p=0.004) were found as predictors of acquisition of T790M mutation. CONCLUSIONS: Due to the rarity of T790M mutations in EGFR-mutant mNSCLC patients treated with EGFR inhibitors, evidence of their acquisition is limited. In this study, we detected that the presence of EGFR inhibitor-related toxicity and PFS time longer than 12 months were predictors for T790M mutation acquisition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE It is known that cancer patients are more prone to infections than the general population. We aimed to describe the risk factors affecting the survival of cancer patients infected with COVID-19 and clinical findings compared with a large COVID-19 patient population without cancer diagnosis. METHODS The clinical data of 61 cancer and 558 non-patients with COVID-19 infection who applied to the emergency room were compared retrospectively. Risk factors affecting overall survival in cancer patients were analyzed. RESULTS Gender and mean age were comparable in both groups. In the entire cohort, cancer diagnosis was found to be an independent poor prognostic factor (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.09, p<0.001) among other comorbidities. In univariate analysis; lung cancer, activated partial thromboplastin time >32 seconds, INR >1.1, N-terminal-pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) >400 pg/ml, C-reactive protein >100 mg/L, and procalcitonin >0.23 ng/mL were determined as prognostic risk factors. Lung cancer (HR=5.277, p=0.012) and NT-proBNP >400 pg/ml (HR=0.139, p=0.021) were determined as independent prognostic risk factors in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION Cancer patients with COVID-19 infection have poor survival outcomes. Lung cancer diagnosis and elevated NT-proBNP levels were identified as the most crucial prognostic risk factors in cancer patients infected with COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE ROS1 positivity is seen in 1-2% of patients with metastatic lung cancer. Targeted drugs such as crizotinib, lorlatinib, and entrectinib are used in the treatment. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of crizotinib and the prognosis of patients with ROS1 fusion-positive metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in this study. METHODS We analyzed data of the advanced NSCLC patients with ROS1 mutation retrospectively. We determined the clinicopathological features of the patients. We evaluated the parameters affecting the prognosis with survival analyzes. RESULTS The research enlisted the participation of 21 patients. Median progression-free survival with crizotinib treatment was found 26.1 (95% Confidence interval [CI], 8.1-44.1) months. Median overall survival was 35.2 (95% CI, 13.5-56.9) months. Treatment-related Grade 1-2 adverse effects were observed in 9 (42.9%) patients and Grade 3-4 adverse effects were detected in 1 (4.8%) patient. Clinicopathological parameters affecting survival were evaluated; age (p=0.02) and liver metastasis (p=0.03) were defined as prognostic parameters. ROS1 positivity rate (p=0.08) was not found to be a prognostic factor. CONCLUSION In patients with ROS1 fusion-positive metastatic NSCLC, crizotinib was shown to be both efficacious and safe. We also found that in this patient group, age and the existence of liver metastases are prognostic factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract In this study, the relation between emergency admissions for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) at an Istanbul University Hospital between the years 1997 and 2001 and the meteorological and [...]

Key Words Air pollution * Meteorological parameters * Acute coronary syndrome * Emergency hospital admissions Abstract It is known that air pollution and meteorological parameters have a negative effect on [...]

What is known and objective: Patients with ovarian cancer have not benefited substantially from immunotherapy. We report a case of ovarian cancer, however, that responded well to the programmed cell death‐ligand 1 inhibitor atezolizumab. Case summary: A 64‐year‐old woman with recurrent ovarian carcinoma, not responsive to platinum/taxane and bevacizumab therapy, was BRCA normal but showed loss of MLH1 and PMS2 proteins. She was treated with atezolizumab. After the third cycle, her CA 125 levels decreased to normal. Radiologic evaluation showed a near‐complete response. What is new and conclusion: Identifying response markers is important when choosing therapy for ovarian cancer patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of conventional hemogram parameters as a biomarker in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients; and the clinical importance of the difference after chemotherapy. METHODS We have evaluated the patients with advanced-stage EOC who diagnosed between January 2012 and December 2017. RESULTS Elevated levels of neutrophils, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet/lymphocyte ratio at the time of diagnosis were significantly associated with excess amount of ascites. Lower levels of neutrophils and hemoglobin (HGB); and higher levels of red cell distribution width (RDW), and RDW/HGB ratio were predictors of platinum-sensitivity. In univariate analysis, while decreased mean platelet volume (MPV) was associated with longer disease free survival (DFS); elevated RDW, decreased neutrophils, MPV, and NLR were effective for better overall survival (OS). In multivariate analysis, platinum sensitivity and MPV were significantly associated with DFS and OS. Importantly, patients with persistently low MPV group after chemotherapy had the best OS; while persistently high MPV group had the worst OS. CONCLUSION MPV is a marker that can be easily evaluated during complete blood counts, and might be a promising and practical prognostic biomarker in the field of EOC. Hemogram parameters are found useful to predict disease properties and survival in EOC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE Evaluation of the nectin-2 and nectin-4 protein and mRNA expression levels is aimed in this study, with concerning diagnostic and predictive value in breast cancer patients. METHODS Sixty patients with pathologically and radiologically verified breast cancer who were treated at the Istanbul University, Institute of Oncology, between 2017 and 2018 are included in the study. Circulating nectin-2 and nectin-4 protein levels were evaluated by solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Abbkine Scientific Co., Ltd.). For analyzing nectin-2- and nectin-4-specific mRNA in sera of the patients, circulating cell-free RNA was extracted from serum using a monophasic phenol and guanidine thiocyanate solution (Roche, Mannheim, Germany), according to the manufacturer's protocol. RESULTS The median age of patients was 53 years. The mean tumor size was 30.21±17.32 mm. Forty-one patients were in the luminal group. Lymph node involvement was detected in 25 patients. The nectin-4 expression level was statistically significantly higher in those with Ki-67 ≥30 and those with positive distant metastasis compared to the other group. In addition, nectin-2 expression was higher in patients with Grade 3 tumors. CONCLUSION High levels of nectin-2 and nectin-4 expression in the serum of patients correlate with poor disease characteristics of breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]