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11. Epigenetics: An opportunity to shape innate and adaptive immune responses

Author

Liotti, Antonietta, primary, Ferrara, Anne Lise, additional, Loffredo, Stefania, additional, Galdiero, Maria Rosaria, additional, Varricchi, Gilda, additional, Di Rella, Francesca, additional, Maniscalco, Giorgia Teresa, additional, Belardo, Martina, additional, Vastano, Roberta, additional, Prencipe, Rosaria, additional, Pignata, Laura, additional, Romano, Roberta, additional, Spadaro, Giuseppe, additional, de Candia, Paola, additional, Pezone, Antonio, additional, and De Rosa, Veronica, additional

Published
2022
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23. Exploring the Use of Pictures of Self and Other in the IRAP: Reflecting upon the Emergence of Differential Trial Type Effects.

Author

Kavanagh, Deirdre, Matthyssen, Nele, Barnes-Holmes, Yvonne, Barnes-Holmes, Dermot, McEnteggart, Ciara, and Vastano, Roberta

Subjects
*SELF, *INDIVIDUAL differences, *PICTURES
Abstract

The Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (IRAP) assesses the relative strength of derived relational responding. A growing body of IRAP research has focused on assessing verbal relations pertaining to the self and others. This preliminary study sought to determine the feasibility of using matched pictures of self and of others across two IRAPs (N= 32). Both the self- and other-IRAPs also presented pictures of pens as the contrast category. The results of the IRAPs were broadly consistent with common-sense expectations. That is, participants confirmed more readily than they denied that a picture of a face was a face and that a picture of a pen was a pen. They also denied more readily than confirmed that a picture of a pen was a face and that a picture of a face was a pen. No significant differences in the sizes of the individual trial type effects, or differences among those effects, emerged between the two (self and other) IRAPs. However, two key differential trial type effects did emerge for both IRAPs, which relate directly to recent and on-going conceptual developments surrounding the IRAP and the analysis of the dynamics of arbitrarily applicable relational responding in general. These developments are considered and discussed in detail toward the end of the article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019

24. Epigenetics: An opportunity to shape innate and adaptive immune responses

Author

Antonietta Liotti, Anne Lise Ferrara, Stefania Loffredo, Maria Rosaria Galdiero, Gilda Varricchi, Francesca Di Rella, Giorgia Teresa Maniscalco, Martina Belardo, Roberta Vastano, Rosaria Prencipe, Laura Pignata, Roberta Romano, Giuseppe Spadaro, Paola de Candia, Antonio Pezone, Veronica De Rosa, Liotti, A, Ferrara, Al, Loffredo, S, Galdiero, Mr, Varricchi, G, Di Rella, F, Maniscalco, Gt, Belardo, M, Vastano, R, Prencipe, R, Pignata, L, Romano, R, Spadaro, G, de Candia, P, Pezone, A, De Rosa, V., Liotti, Antonietta, Ferrara, Anne Lise, Loffredo, Stefania, Galdiero, Maria Rosaria, Varricchi, Gilda, Di Rella, Francesca, Maniscalco, Giorgia Teresa, Belardo, Martina, Vastano, Roberta, Prencipe, Rosaria, Pignata, Laura, Romano, Roberta, Spadaro, Giuseppe, de Candia, Paola, Pezone, Antonio, and De Rosa, Veronica

Subjects
Epidrug, adaptive immunity, autoimmunity, epidrugs, epigenetics, Foxp3, innate immunity, T-celldifferentiation, Treg cell, Immunology, T cell differentiation, Immunity, Epigenetic, Autoimmunity, Cell Differentiation, Adaptive Immunity, DNA Methylation, Innate Immunity, Immunity, Innate, Epigenesis, Genetic, Histones, Foxp3, Immunology and Allergy, Treg cells
Abstract

Epigenetics connects genetic and environmental factors: it includes DNA methylation, histone post-translational modifications and the regulation of chromatin accessibility by non-coding RNAs, all of which control constitutive or inducible gene transcription. This plays a key role in harnessing the transcriptional programs of both innate and adaptive immune cells due to its plasticity and environmental-driven nature, piloting myeloid and lymphoid cell fate decision with no change in their genomic sequence. In particular, epigenetic marks at the site of lineage specific transcription factors and maintenance of cell type-specific epigenetic modifications, referred to as "epigenetic memory", dictate cell differentiation, cytokine production and functional capacity following repeated antigenic exposure in memory T cells. Moreover, metabolic and epigenetic reprogramming occurring during a primary innate immune response leads to enhanced responses to secondary challenges, a phenomenon known as "trained immunity". Here we discuss how stable and dynamic epigenetic states control immune cell identity and plasticity in physiological and pathological conditions. Dissecting the regulatory circuits of cell fate determination and maintenance is of paramount importance for understanding the delicate balance between immune cell activation and tolerance, in healthy conditions and in autoimmune diseases. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Published
2022

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