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The relevance. The task of providing automated accounting, assessment and forecasting of forest resources is one of the most important directions of the state strategy for the development of the forest complex. Creation of an automated information system capable of implementing a high-quality and full-fledged information process for collecting, processing, analyzing, modeling, forecasting and visualizing spatiotemporal data on the state of forest resources, taking into account the main risks of forestry, is one of the important mechanisms for improving the efficiency of forest management. The main aim: to create methodological and software for assessing the stock of wood resources on the lands of the forest fund, taking into account anthropogenic risks. Objects: forest plantations of the Chernorechensk district forestry of the Vsevolozhsky forestry of the Leningrad region. Methods. Based on the use of regression modeling methods, mathematical models of the dependence of the stock of plantings of various tree species on the average age of the stand in the forest allotment are obtained; the basis of the developed software is based on the author's methodological solutions for assessing and forecasting the stock of wood. Results. The application of the obtained dependencies for the Chernorechensk forestry of the Vsevolozhsky district of the Leningrad region made it possible to calculate the values of the wood stock as of 2011 and 2021, as well as to predict its values for 2031. A methodology for assessing fire damage on forest lands based on an integral risk indicator is proposed. Automation of the calculation of this indicator in the created program made it possible to differentiate forestry lands by three classes of fire risk. A zoning map of the territory of the object of research on the risk of continuous and unauthorized logging has been formed. The created software and methodological support can serve as a basis for the implementation of one of the main directions of the strategy for the development of the Russian forest complex in terms of creating a unified federal information system for accounting and forecasting the current increase in the stock of wood resources of the forest fund.

The article substantiates the need to improve methodology for cadastral valuation of forest lands and change the principles for calculating the rental rate of forest lands, on the basis of which the rent for the use of these lands will be determined in future. The methodology for determining the cadastral value of forest lands, taking into account the degree of development of their infrastructure, is presented. The infrastructure of lands of the forest fund is considered and an algorithm for assessing such infrastructure by means of geoinformation modeling is shown. A method for calculating a complex integral indicator (coefficient of infrastructure development) is presented, which is applicable to differentiate lands covered and not covered with tree vegetation, for their effective and rational management. The complex integral indicator determines the availability of forest plots, as it takes into account location of the forest fund infrastructure in relation to assessment plots, which makes it possible to obtain information about the time spent on covering the required distance. This methodology can be applied to assess the quality and condition of the existing infrastructure of the forestry sector in implementation of measures within the framework of the Strategy for the development of the forestry complex, providing for support and construction of infrastructure facilities on the forest fund lands. The method was tested in the Baltiysky district forestry of the Baltiysko-Belozersky taiga region. The results were as follows: the map of the forest fund infrastructure development within the boundaries of differentiation assessment according to the calculated integral indicator of infrastructure development was obtained; the regression model for calculating the rent rate taking into account the taxation value and integral indicator infrastructure development was received: the cadastral value of forest lands taking into account the developed model was calculated.

The relevance of the research is related to the priority attention of the state to the use of forests as the main reproducible natural resource in Russia. The aim of the research is to analyze the existing spatial division of forest lands. Objects: lands of the forest fund of the Tomsk region, divided into districts, forest areas and district forest areas on the principle of three-level hierarchical division. Methods: abstract-logical, analytical and mathematical modeling. The working hypothesis assumes that the area of forest plots depends on the value of the scale unit according to the power law, and the coefficient at the logarithm of the function reflects the range of changes in the scale dimension. For the first time, the problem of changing scale is used in relation to the analysis of land management in forest areas. Results. The hierarchical structure of the territorial division of forest lands is revealed. In general, the area of local forest areas in the Tomsk region varies between 282–2332087 ha. Univariate variance analysis of areas shows a low probability of a null hypothesis (less than 1 %). The desirability profile constructed at the next stage of the study revealed a critical value of the average area equal to 71255 ha, to which the plots correspond with a 63 % probability. The patterns of distribution of the total forest area by forest areas differ from the normal one. Its general average value is 175000 ha, the area of coniferous forests in forest areas – 6000 ha, deciduous forests – 11,000 ha. In general, the area of coniferous forests in forest areas does not exceed 8000 ha, deciduous forests are concentrated in the range of 4000–10000 and 16000–20000 ha. The distribution of wood stock is also heterogeneous. The total area of forests in forest areas is not evenly distributed, and its distribution is close to the lognormal model. The largest number of forest areas is concentrated in the range of up to 15000 ha. Very rarely there are large plots (more than 30000 ha). Fragmentation of coniferous forests is high. The modal size of the site is from two to four thousand hectares. Large areas of forest are quite rare. The distribution of deciduous forest areas is polymodal and is divided into three parts: up to 2000 ha, 4000–120000 ha, 14000–20000 ha, which indicates the presence of small and medium-sized forests, as well as large woodlands. One forest area is very large (more than 32000 ha). The total supply of liquid wood is concentrated in the range from 0 to 2000 m3. The modal value is within the range from 1500 to 2000 m3. The interval of 3000–3500 m3 is marked. In some cases, very high reserves of wood were found (5500 m3). The stock of liquid deciduous wood, as in the case of areas, is polymodal. There is a modal interval with a very low wood stock of the order of 200–400 m3. There are rare cases of an average stock from 2000 to 3600 m3. The logarithmic dependence of the forest area on the ordinal number of the allotment in the sequence of forest areas ordered in descending order of area is established. The logarithm coefficient depends on the group of forest areas (very large, large, medium, small). A similar pattern is shown for local forest districts. There is a clear violation of the hierarchy of spatial division in the allocation of small forest areas, explained by the economic reason. Hierarchical analysis of the structure of natural aggregation of forest areas by area showed the presence of five nested levels of heterogeneity and, accordingly, five groups of clusters. Depending on the level of division, the cluster analysis identifies nine hierarchical levels of area sizes of forest areas, and the level of their division is proportional to the scale – the smaller, the larger the scale of the study. This should be reflected in information about the state of forest areas in clusters C1–C3 (very large and large) and C4, C5 (medium and small) to develop effective management decisions.

The relevance of the research is caused by the necessity of unite state cadastral evaluation method for forestlands in Russia. It is important for rational natural resources management, providing of fair fee for forestland use and for sustainable development of Russian forestry. The aim of the research is to make an algorithm of mass forestland cadastral evaluation by forest sites. Opportunity of its usage for the whole area of Russia should be provided by taking into account regional peculiarities of forest resources harvesting. Methods: discounting of cash flows from forest resources harvesting; regression analysis of dependence between forest inventory data and productivity of forest resources; geographic informational modelling using MapInfo; testing of normality distribution hypothesis for obtained results; algorithm application using MS Excel. Results and discussion. The authors have developed the algorithm of mass forestland cadastral evaluation. It makes possible to calculate cadastral value for both single forest site and whole forest district. Forest inventory data is used as basis for calculation. Algorithm can be modified by addition of discounted cash flows from forest resources harvesting which are special for particular natural zone. Method approbation is provided using forest inventory data of one of the Leningrad region forestry districts (considering regional peculiarities of forest resources harvesting). Obtained values of cadastral magnitudes (per unit) are normal law distributed. High values of cadastral value are spatially correspond to better forest sites.

The relevance of the research is caused by the need to preserve the resource- and environment-reproducing functions of landscapes during their anthropogenic development. One of the factors contributing to the resilience of landscapes to anthropogenic loads is their ecosystem diversity. Currently, cartographic modeling methods are widely used in practice to determine ecosystem diversity, but they are not effective enough due to the lack of updated large-scale cartographic information about the ecosystem structure of the studied landscapes. The aim of the research is to develop a methodology for analyzing the ecosystem diversity of the region's landscapes using remote sensing materials and to test it on the territory of the Leningrad region. Objects: ecosystem diversity of landscapes. Methods: remote sensing of landscapes; construction of digital terrain models in the GIS environment; automated interpretation of soil and vegetation cover; statistical data processing, aerial surveys; cartographic generalizations; regional landscape and environmental analysis using GIS. Results. The expediency of using remote sensing materials to assess the ecosystem diversity of the region's landscapes is substantiated. A model of automated interpretation of the main types of forest vegetation cover based on its vegetation indices is developed; an approach to determining ecosystem diversity based on the materials of automated interpretation of the main types of forest vegetation cover is proposed. Aerial photography of fourteen key sites selected in the Leningrad region was performed using an unmanned aerial vehicle. Aerial photos were transformed using the digital photogrammetric system PHOTOMOD. A classifier of the main types of forest plant communities characteristic of the study area was developed. Vegetation indices were determined for each of them (normalized difference vegetation index and vegetation index adjusted for the underlying surface); automated decoding of the main types of forest vegetation cover in key areas was performed and the ecosystem diversity of each of them was calculated based on its results. In the GIS environment, a cartogram of the ecosystem diversity of the landscapes of the Leningrad region was compiled. Summary. The method developed by the authors can be successfully applied in the design of natural and anthropogenic systems in various regions, taking into account the specifics of their physical and geographical conditions.

The relevance. Vietnam is an agricultural country, but at present its development is following the path of industrialization, and the government remained concerned about the quantity and quality of agricultural land. Therefore, assessing the resource potential of different land uses and forecasting land-use trends in Vietnam play a key role in the country's land management. The resource potential of lands was studied for the administrative area of Tienhai district, which is a coastal region of the country, where the agricultural sector of the economy prevails and many types of land use are typical. The main aim of the research is to assess land suitability for different types of land use for predicting the trend of their use in the future. Object of the researches is the state land of Tienhai district in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Methods: methods of empirical level: description, observation, measurement, comparison, questioning, generalization and modeling. To identify the dynamics of land plots of different categories the authors have used the method of satellite images, and for their processing – GIS-technology. FAO (food and agriculture organization of the United Nations) and peer review methods were applied to assess land suitability for different land uses. The value of land transformation coefficients for different types of land use is calculated by the method of analytical hierarchical Saaty procedure. Markov chains and modern computer programs and technologies were used to develop a predictive model of land use transformation in Vietnam. Results. Based on the interpretation of satellite images of the territory and GIS technologies the authors plotted the matrix of land transformation probability in Tienhai from 2005 to 2015. The normalized vector of relative importance of the transformation factors when assessing resource potentials of the territory for different types of land use according to the method of analytical hierarchy Saaty procedure was formed with the help of experts. The authors designed the schematic maps of land suitability for different types of land and predicted the areas of land use within the studied region in 10 years.