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There were authentic distinctions between the groups of healthy volunteers and patients with a peptic ulcer disease in Cmax, Tmax, AUC(0-t), AUC(0-infinity), CIt, Vd of omeprazole and Cmax of esomeprazole (Nexium, AstraZeneca). When the pharmacokinetics of omeprazole and ezomeprazole were compared in both groups, there were authentic distinctions in Cmax, AU(0-t), AUC(0-infinity), CIt, T1/2. The patients who had taken omeprazole the time of hypoacide condition was much shorter than in other groups. Disintegration test modeling pHmax for pH oscillation with large amplitude, that is typical for ulcer disease, demonstrated a possibility of early partial release of omeprazole, its acid-depended degradation and reduction of its bioavailability.

Concentrations of serotonin, beta-endorphine, myoglobin, basic myelin protein were measured in blood of patients with tunnel hand syndromes treated by actovegin or physiological solution pharmacopuncture and acupuncture to the same acupuncture points (AP). The above biochemical indices showed similar changes in pharmacopuncture with actovegin and the solution. These changes were different in acupuncture. This indicates specificity of AP stimulation by introduction of fluid, but not specificity of drug effects.

Scalp acupuncture effects on blood biochemistry were investigated in 10 healthy volunteers. The results provided evidence for the absence of negative changes in function of neurohumoral systems of the body which may become factors of risk for patients with thrombogenic disturbances of cerebral circulation.

The activity of antinociceptive mechanisms induced by footshock (FS) and morphine injection was studied in experiments on rats with bilateral destruction of group A10 neurones of the ventral tegmental area. The latent periods of the hot plate and tail flick pain reactions to FS and morphine increased significantly in the experimental and control groups as compared to the initial values. In morphine injection these indices were the same in the experimental and control groups. In FS the latent periods of the reaction were significantly greater in the experimental group. Thus, destruction of dopaminergic neurons of A10 nuclei intensifies the antinociceptive effects in FS but has no effect on the pain-relieving action of systemic morphine injection.

Stereotaxic fluid microinjections of horseradish peroxidase into different parts of the rostral and caudal periaqueductal grey (PAG) in cats have provided substantial retrograde evidence that the somatosensory cortex (I and II), frontal cortex, insular and cingular cortex are the principal sources of cortical-PAG projections. The somatosensory cortex II projects to all the regions of the rostral and caudal PAG. The frontal cortex projects to dorso-lateral quadrant of the PAG. The same projections were determined from insular and cingular cortex to PAG. The findings revealed a morphological substratum of corticofugal effects on PAG.

On the basis of morphological investigations two areas were distinguished in the periaqueductal grey of the cat midbrain: medial, directly surrounding the sylvius aqueduct and containing small neurons with significant (P less than 0.001) prevalence of fusiform cells and lateral with larger neurons, where triangular cells were significantly (P less than 0.001) prevalent. The neurons of the medial area displayed a significant (P less than 0.001) tendency of their dendrite orientation towards the sylvius aqueduct.

The effect of amitriptyline (1.5 and 3 mg/kg intraperitoneally once a day for 1, 3, 5 days) on the latencies (L) of hot plate (HP) and tail flick (TF) at rest, after acupuncture (A) of bilateral Ho-ku and after inescapable foot-shock (IFS--1.0 mA, 50 Hz, 5 min) was studied in experiments on rats. It was shown that amitriptyline in the above doses, used in different periods of time, failed to effect L of HP and TF at rest. However, after A an increase of the analgesic effect was observed in the rats treated with 3 mg/kg of amitriptyline for 3 days. In the experiment with IFS an increase of the effect was pronounced in TF test 24 hours following administration of 1.5 and 3.0 mg/kg of amitriptyline.

When studying cytoarchitectonics of the midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG) in cat four areas were distinguished: medial, dorsal, lateral rostral and lateral caudal. They differ in size and distribution density of neurons.