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Postpartum depression (PPD) is a disorder that has a severe impact on a woman's mental state and mood after birth. Research has shown that postnatal levels of family adversity and maternal psychopathology are associated with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). This paper is intended to examine the association among maternal PPD and the risk of ADHD in the offspring.Keyword search was conducted for PsycINFO, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Embase up to Feb 28, 2021; studies in English were deemed eligible. Random-effects meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis took place. Subgroup analyses by study design, geographical region, level of adjustment and study setting were performed.Nine cohort studies and two case-control studies published from 2003 to 2019 were included in the qualitative synthesis; among them, eight studies were synthesized in the meta-analysis. Overall, maternal PPD was associated with an increased risk of ADHD in the offspring (pooled relative risk, RR = 1.69, 95%CI: 1.27-2.26). Significant associations were noted in the subsets of cohort studies, studies implementing multivariate analyses and registry-based surveys.Overall, a larger number of studies of the field are needed. Data collection relied on self-report and attrition bias limited the validity of eligible studies. Studies from developing countries were underrepresented. There was significant publication bias (p = 0.035, Egger's test).The relationship between PPD and ADHD in children was found to be significant in this systematic review and meta-analysis and reveals the need for further investigation in various geographical regions.

Adolescence is a period of life that makes people vulnerable and prone to illegal substances. They are more likely to commit offenses than any other age group. In recent years, there has been an increase in the use of cannabis by adolescents worldwide. Cannabis has now been described in several countries, including Greece, as the dominant illegal substance and has been more closely linked to youth culture, as the age of starting cannabis is usually younger than for other drugs. Cannabis has very low acute toxicity and a very small mortality rate compared to other drugs, but morbidity is the most important impact on public health. In many countries, medical cannabis is considered legal in certain specific quantities, but the laws vary from country to country. The use of cannabis is examined and studied on many levels mainly because it affects teenagers in many areas including cognitive, social, and psycho-emotional. Some studies around the world confirm that the earlier and more prolonged exposure to cannabis use, the greater the damage. The fact that it can lead to adverse conditions in adolescents makes it imperative to proceed to primary prevention in the school environment but also in the society of each country. This will properly shape the adolescent's perception of cannabis and help identify other problems that occupy everyday life of adolescents preventing them from starting cannabis use or stop them from continuing using it.