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The optimization of the efficiency of wind turbine systems is a fundamental task, from the perspective of a growing share of electricity produced from wind. Despite this, and given the complex multivariate dependence of the power of wind turbines on environmental conditions and working parameters, the literature is lacking studies specifically devoted to a careful characterization of wind farm performance. In particular, in the literature, it is overlooked that there are several types of faults which have similar manifestations and that can be defined as static errors. This kind of error manifests as a static bias occurring from a certain time onward, which can affect the anemometer, the absolute or relative pitch of the blades, or the yaw system. Static or systematic errors typically do not cause the functional failure of the wind turbine system, but they deserve attention due to the fact that they cause power production loss throughout the operation time. Based on this, the first objective of the present study is a critical review of the recent papers devoted to three types of wind turbine static errors: anemometer bias, static yaw error, and pitch misalignment. As a result, a comprehensive viewpoint, enhancing the state of the art in the literature, is developed in this study. Given that the use of data collected by Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems has, up to now, been prevailing for the diagnosis of systematic errors compared to the use of further specific sensors, particular attention in the present study is thus devoted to the discussion of the phenomena which can be observable through SCADA data analysis. Based on this, finally, a rigorous work flow is formulated for detecting static errors and discriminating among them through SCADA data analysis. Nevertheless, methods based on additional information sources (like further sensors or meteorological data) are also discussed. An important aspect of this study is that, for each considered type of systematic error, some previously unpublished results based on real-world SCADA data are reported in order to corroborate the proposed framework. Summarizing, then, the present is the first paper which considers and discusses several types of wind turbine static errors in a unified viewpoint, correctly interprets apparently controversial results collected in the literature, and finally provides guidelines for the diagnosis of this kind of error and for the quantification of the performance drop associated with their presence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The text discusses the impact of electric vehicles (EVs) on the power grid and the potential for Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) services to mitigate these effects. It highlights the need for incentives to encourage user participation in V2G services, categorizing users based on their attitudes towards V2G participation. The document emphasizes the importance of addressing technical challenges and developing flexible, reliable, and scalable computing architectures to coordinate EV charging and grid requirements. Additionally, it suggests strategies to stimulate user participation, such as emphasizing sustainability, customization, simplicity, and developing smart charging algorithms for different user groups. [Extracted from the article]

This paper was conceived to investigate some central issues related to the upheaval of current energy scenarios in Sicily. New power connection lines that are about to be built in the Mediterranean area, planned with a view to a constantly increasing renewable generation, encourage the carrying out of analyses on how the Sicilian electric power system will be able to make itself ready to support large power injections, especially due to new renewables plants that will be established in the region soon. This study, carried out in close collaboration with the Italian TSO Terna S.p.A and the University of Palermo, defines what the impacts of new renewable power plants will be on the Sicilian power transmission grid under intact and non-intact grid conditions. This study consists of steady-state simulations carried out using WinCreso® software version 7.62.1-3 in two energy scenarios estimated for the years 2024 and 2027, based on real connection requests by producers to Terna, and allows one to go beyond the studies conducted so far on a 2030 basis through the precise identification of network nodes or lines in difficulty. Finally, as well as presenting an interesting case study due to Sicily's strategic position in the Mediterranean Sea, this article proposes a methodological approach that can easily be adopted in other contexts and by other TSOs to analyze similar situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]