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7. Exploiting PCB manufacturing techniques for Point-of-Care microfluidic assays

Author

Vasilakis, Nikolaos and Prodromakis, Themis

Abstract

Microfluidics have been an enabling technology for Point-of-Care (PoC) diagnostic platforms allowing them for handling minute sample volumes, lowering assays cost, and overall providing quick access to diagnosis. However, developing PoC platforms that are optimised for meeting the "ASSURED" criteria (affordable, sensitive, specific, user friendly, robust and rapid, equipment-free and deliverable to end-users), remains a challenge. To that end, printed circuit board (PCB) manufacturing processes provide an alternative competitive approach to quantitative PoC analytical platforms, allowing for electronic components, sensors and microfluidics to be integrated on a monolithic manner. This work was carried in collaboration with Newbury Electronics Ltd for developing standardised microfluidic components for sample and reagents manipulation, all via commercially available PCB processes. More specifically, throughout this PhD programme a design methodology and fabrication process was established for mass producing PCB-based fluidic components. Initially, the industrial fabrication processes were optimised while geometrical tolerances were studied and design rules identified. In parallel, a synchronised simulation method between COMSOL Multiphysics® and SOLIDWORKS® of low computational cost combining laminar flow, heat transfer and diffusion models was developed. Appropriate design rules and methodologies were introduced that allowed demonstrating a pressure and flow rate balanced serial dilution unit cell that can generate modular step-wise dilution networks. Additionally, a PCB based thermally regulated diluter was computationally studied. Finally, the introduced Lab-on-PCB technology was further equipped with passive microfluidic capabilities for the first time. An oxygen plasma-based method was introduced for rendering PCB surfaces hydrophilic and was applied on industrially manufactured microfluidic PCBs. Subsequently, capillary pumps comprising micropillar arrays combined with microfluidic channels on PCB were developed. Constant and design-controlled filling flow rates were achieved manipulating both, aqueous solutions and whole blood samples. This work overall enhanced the benefits of PCB-based PoC diagnostics by enabling commercially available microfluidic modules for sample preparation and manipulation.

Published
2018

10. Arbovirus researchers unite: expanding genomic surveillance for an urgent global need

Author

Wallau, Gabriel Luz, primary, Abanda, Ngu Njei, additional, Abbud, Adriano, additional, Abdella, Saro, additional, Abera, Adugna, additional, Ahuka-Mundeke, Steve, additional, Falconi-Agapito, Francesca, additional, Alagarasu, Kalichamy, additional, Ariën, Kevin K, additional, Ayres, Constancia Flávia Junqueira, additional, Barzon, Luisa, additional, Bonney, Joseph Humphrey Kofi, additional, Boumbaly, Sanaba, additional, Buchy, Philippe, additional, Cao-Lormeau, Van-Mai, additional, Chem, Yu Kie, additional, Cardenas, Paul A, additional, Castillo, Andres E, additional, Delfraro, Adriana, additional, Devine, Gregor, additional, Duong, Veasna, additional, Dupont-Rouzeyrol, Myrielle, additional, Fadeev, Artem V, additional, Fajardo, Alvaro, additional, Diaz, Luis Adrián, additional, Gómez, Lara Ferrero, additional, Gudo, Eduardo Samo, additional, Gutierrez-Bugallo, Gladys, additional, Hapuarachchi, Hapuarachchige Chanditha, additional, Heraud, Jean-Michel, additional, Hibberd, Martin L, additional, Inlamea, Osvaldo Frederico, additional, Jasmin, Nik, additional, Kydyshov, Kalysbek, additional, Kelly, Maria Ezekiely, additional, Khan, Salim, additional, Komissarov, Andrey B, additional, Leaungwutiwong, Pornsawan, additional, Leguia, Mariana, additional, Lustig, Yaniv, additional, Maciel-de-Freitas, Rafael, additional, Malavige, Gathsaurie Neelika, additional, Martinez, Alexander A, additional, Mendoza, Maria L, additional, Mo, Luong T, additional, Moreno, Brechla, additional, Mwasi, Lydia, additional, Naveca, Felipe Gomes, additional, NG, Lee Ching, additional, Njouom, Richard, additional, Nogueira, Mauricio Lacerda, additional, Ntoumi, Francine, additional, Nzoyikorera, Nehemie, additional, Parra, Barbara A, additional, Pichardo, Mauricio Vázquez, additional, Privaldos, Kristine Joy Ragual, additional, Rivero, Ricardo, additional, Rojas, Alejandra María, additional, Salvato, Richard Steiner, additional, Sasmono, R Tedjo, additional, Schmidt-Chanasit, Jonas, additional, Simon-Loriere, Etienne, additional, Sy, Ava Kristy Dy, additional, Talledo-Albujar, Michael, additional, Tizhe, Daniel Thakuma, additional, Toloshovich, Usenbaev Nurbolot, additional, Tran, Vi Thuy, additional, Troupin, Cécile, additional, Kayiwa, John Timothy, additional, van den Hurk, Andrew, additional, Vasilakis, Nikolaos, additional, Weldemariam, Atsbeha Gebreegziabxier, additional, Yacoub, Sophie, additional, Zaini, Zainun, additional, and Wallau, Gabriel Luz, additional

Published
2023
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16. Arbovirus researchers unite: expanding genomic surveillance for an urgent global need

Author

Abanda, Ngu Njei, Abbud, Adriano, Abdella, Saro, Abera, Adugna, Ahuka-Mundeke, Steve, Falconi-Agapito, Francesca, Alagarasu, Kalichamy, Ariën, Kevin K, Ayres, Constancia Flávia Junqueira, Barzon, Luisa, Bonney, Joseph Humphrey Kofi, Boumbaly, Sanaba, Buchy, Philippe, Cao-Lormeau, Van-Mai, Chem, Yu Kie, Cardenas, Paul A, Castillo, Andres E, Delfraro, Adriana, Devine, Gregor, Duong, Veasna, Dupont-Rouzeyrol, Myrielle, Fadeev, Artem V, Fajardo, Alvaro, Diaz, Luis Adrián, Gómez, Lara Ferrero, Gudo, Eduardo Samo, Gutierrez-Bugallo, Gladys, Hapuarachchi, Hapuarachchige Chanditha, Heraud, Jean-Michel, Hibberd, Martin L, Inlamea, Osvaldo Frederico, Jasmin, Nik, Kydyshov, Kalysbek, Kelly, Maria Ezekiely, Khan, Salim, Komissarov, Andrey B, Leaungwutiwong, Pornsawan, Leguia, Mariana, Lustig, Yaniv, Maciel-de-Freitas, Rafael, Malavige, Gathsaurie Neelika, Martinez, Alexander A, Mendoza, Maria L, Mo, Luong T, Moreno, Brechla, Mwasi, Lydia, Naveca, Felipe Gomes, NG, Lee Ching, Njouom, Richard, Nogueira, Mauricio Lacerda, Ntoumi, Francine, Nzoyikorera, Nehemie, Parra, Barbara A, Pichardo, Mauricio Vázquez, Privaldos, Kristine Joy Ragual, Rivero, Ricardo, Rojas, Alejandra María, Salvato, Richard Steiner, Sasmono, R Tedjo, Schmidt-Chanasit, Jonas, Simon-Loriere, Etienne, Sy, Ava Kristy Dy, Talledo-Albujar, Michael, Tizhe, Daniel Thakuma, Toloshovich, Usenbaev Nurbolot, Tran, Vi Thuy, Troupin, Cécile, Kayiwa, John Timothy, van den Hurk, Andrew, Vasilakis, Nikolaos, Weldemariam, Atsbeha Gebreegziabxier, Yacoub, Sophie, Zaini, Zainun, and Wallau, Gabriel Luz

Published
2023
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17. Role of microglia in the dissemination of Zika virus from mother to fetal brain

Author

Xu, Pei, primary, Shan, Chao, additional, Dunn, Tiffany J., additional, Xie, Xuping, additional, Xia, Hongjie, additional, Gao, Junling, additional, Allende Labastida, Javier, additional, Zou, Jing, additional, Villarreal, Paula P., additional, Schlagal, Caitlin R., additional, Yu, Yongjia, additional, Vargas, Gracie, additional, Rossi, Shannan L., additional, Vasilakis, Nikolaos, additional, Shi, Pei-Yong, additional, Weaver, Scott C., additional, and Wu, Ping, additional

Published
2020
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18. Alarming endoscopic data in young and older asymptomatic people: Results of an open access, unlimited age colonoscopic screening for colorectal cancer

Author

Panteris, Vasileios Vasilakis, Nikolaos Demonakou, Maria and Kornarou, Eleni Ktenas, Eftyxios Rapti, Emanuella Spithakis, George Katopodi, Konstantina Horti, Maria Vgenopoulou, Stefani Triantafyllidis, John Papalois, Apostolos and Karantanos, Panagiotis

Abstract

There is a lack of a national organized screening program for colorectal cancer in Greece, and asymptomatic detection is usually the result of individual decisions. The collection of epidemiologic endoscopic data from a population of interest would therefore provide valuable information for future treatment guidance, especially during periods of economic austerity. The current cross-sectional study included 380 asymptomatic, average risk individuals undergoing screening colonoscopy for the first time, during the period of one year in a tertiary public hospital in Athens. Descriptive and analytic epidemiologic data were analyzed. The prevalence of adenomas and advanced lesions were compared between the younger and older cohort, and a regression model was applied for risk evaluation. The mean age of participants was 63 years, and 53% were male. A significant proportion of patients presented with polyps (51.5%) and 25% of them had lesions in the proximal colon. The prevalence of adenomas and advanced adenomas was 29.5 and 11.8%, respectively. Similar high prevalence rates of lesions were identified in the cohort of individuals 50 years of age). Regression models identified age, number and size of polyps as the major risk factors for the detection of adenomas. The increase of advanced lesions in the older and younger cohort requires confirmation by larger studies. Overall, the results of the present study indicate the requirement for a well-organized screening colonoscopy program starting from as early as 40 years of age. This program may confer an additional endoscopic burden with socioeconomic consequences in a country with limited health resources.

Published
2020

20. Alarming endoscopic data in young and older asymptomatic people: Results of an open access, unlimited age colonoscopic screening for colorectal cancer

Author

Panteris, Vasileios, primary, Vasilakis, Nikolaos, additional, Demonakou, Maria, additional, Kornarou, Eleni, additional, Ktenas, Eftyxios, additional, Rapti, Emanuella, additional, Spithakis, George, additional, Katopodi, Konstantina, additional, Horti, Maria, additional, Vgenopoulou, Stefani, additional, Triantafyllidis, John, additional, Papalois, Apostolos, additional, and Karantanos, Panagiotis, additional

Published
2019
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22. Alarming endoscopic data in young and older asymptomatic people: Results of an open access, unlimited age colonoscopic screening for colorectal cancer.

Author

Panteris, Vasileios, Vasilakis, Nikolaos, Demonakou, Maria, Kornarou, Eleni, Ktenas, Eftyxios, Rapti, Emanuella, Spithakis, George, Katopodi, Konstantina, Horti, Maria, Vgenopoulou, Stefani, Triantafyllidis, John, Papalois, Apostolos, and Karantanos, Panagiotis

Subjects
*OLDER people, *COLORECTAL cancer, *COLON polyps, *EARLY detection of cancer, *PUBLIC hospitals, *RISK assessment
Abstract

There is a lack of a national organized screening program for colorectal cancer in Greece, and asymptomatic detection is usually the result of individual decisions. The collection of epidemiologic endoscopic data from a population of interest would therefore provide valuable information for future treatment guidance, especially during periods of economic austerity. The current cross-sectional study included 380 asymptomatic, average risk individuals undergoing screening colonoscopy for the first time, during the period of one year in a tertiary public hospital in Athens. Descriptive and analytic epidemiologic data were analyzed. The prevalence of adenomas and advanced lesions were compared between the younger and older cohort, and a regression model was applied for risk evaluation. The mean age of participants was 63 years, and 53% were male. A significant proportion of patients presented with polyps (51.5%) and 25% of them had lesions in the proximal colon. The prevalence of adenomas and advanced adenomas was 29.5 and 11.8%, respectively. Similar high prevalence rates of lesions were identified in the cohort of individuals <50 years of age and the older cohort (>50 years of age). Regression models identified age, number and size of polyps as the major risk factors for the detection of adenomas. The increase of advanced lesions in the older and younger cohort requires confirmation by larger studies. Overall, the results of the present study indicate the requirement for a well-organized screening colonoscopy program starting from as early as 40 years of age. This program may confer an additional endoscopic burden with socioeconomic consequences in a country with limited health resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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25. Exploiting PCB manufacturing techniques for point-of-care microfluidic assays

Author

Vasilakis, Nikolaos. and Vasilakis, Nikolaos.

Abstract

Microfluidics have been an enabling technology for Point-of-Care (PoC) diagnostic platforms allowing them for handling minute sample volumes, lowering assays cost, and overall providing quick access to diagnosis. However, developing PoC platforms that are optimised for meeting the “ASSURED” criteria (affordable, sensitive, specific, user friendly, robust and rapid, equipment-free and deliverable to end-users), remains a challenge. To that end, printed circuit board (PCB) manufacturing processes provide an alternative competitive approach to quantitative PoC analytical platforms, allowing for electronic components, sensors and microfluidics to be integrated on a monolithic manner. This work was carried in collaboration with Newbury Electronics Ltd for developing standardised microfluidic components for sample and reagents manipulation, all via commercially available PCB processes. More specifically, throughout this PhD programme a design methodology and fabrication process was established for mass producing PCB-based fluidic components. Initially, the industrial fabrication processes were optimised while geometrical tolerances were studied and design rules identified. In parallel, a synchronised simulation method between COMSOL Multiphysics® and SOLIDWORKS® of low computational cost combining laminar flow, heat transfer and diffusion models was developed. Appropriate design rules and methodologies were introduced that allowed demonstrating a pressure and flow rate balanced serial dilution unit cell that can generate modular step-wise dilution networks. Additionally, a PCB based thermally regulated diluter was computationally studied. Finally, the introduced Lab-on-PCB technology was further equipped with passive microfluidic capabilities for the first time. An oxygen plasma-based method was introduced for rendering PCB surfaces hydrophilic and was applied on industrially manufactured microfluidic PCBs. Subsequently, capillary pumps comprising micropillar arrays combi

Published
2018

29. Complete Genome Sequences of Five Zika Virus Isolates

Author

Ladner, Jason T., primary, Wiley, Michael R., additional, Prieto, Karla, additional, Yasuda, Chadwick Y., additional, Nagle, Elyse, additional, Kasper, Matthew R., additional, Reyes, Daniel, additional, Vasilakis, Nikolaos, additional, Heang, Vireak, additional, Weaver, Scott C., additional, Haddow, Andrew, additional, Tesh, Robert B., additional, Sovann, Ly, additional, and Palacios, Gustavo, additional

Published
2016
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34. Identification of Dengue Fever Cases in Houston, Texas, with Evidence of Autochthonous Transmission Between 2003 and 2005

Author

Murray, Kristy O., primary, Rodriguez, Liliana F., additional, Herrington, Emily, additional, Kharat, Vineetkumar, additional, Vasilakis, Nikolaos, additional, Walker, Christopher, additional, Turner, Cynthia, additional, Khuwaja, Salma, additional, Arafat, Raouf, additional, Weaver, Scott C., additional, Martinez, Diana, additional, Kilborn, Cindy, additional, Bueno, Rudy, additional, and Reyna, Martin, additional

Published
2013
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36. Sudden Death during Sports Activities.

Author

APOSTOLOS, STERGIOULAS, PRIFTAKIS, ANASTASIOS G., and VASILAKIS, NIKOLAOS

Abstract

Sudden death during sports activities is a relatively rare, yet tragic event, with significant economic and social consequences. According to the existing studies, the annual incidence ranges from 3/100,000 to 1/250,000. The victims are mainly males with ratios varying from 18/1 to 9/1. The colored athletes are proportionally more susceptible and have a particular sensitivity to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Athletes have a 2.8/1 higher risk to have sudden death than non-athletes. But this is usually due to the undetected underlying cardiovascular disease. The main cause of sudden cardiac death in individuals older than 35 years by far is the coronary heart disease. With regard to people less than 35 years old, opinions differ, with studies on the U.S. having the first cause the hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, while studies in Italy, the arrhythmogenic right ventricular heart disease. Other common causes of sudden death during exercise are congenital anomalies of the coronary arteries, Commotio Cordis, myocarditis, diastolic cardiomyopathy, prolapse of the mitral valve, aortic stenosis, aortic rupture, etc. Regarding the non-cardiac sudden deaths, blunt trauma is the most frequent cause, and the parts of the body that are more frequently battered are the head and neck. Other, less common causes are stroke, the use of illicit drugs and pulmonary diseases. The sports in which most frequently occur sudden deaths are football, basketball, running, cycling and swimming. The death rate in each sport is due to the combination of the cardiovascular requirement and the total number of people involved with it. Screening of athletes for their participation in the athletic procedure saves lives and everyone agrees that it is necessary. But there is a serious disagreement between the U.S. and Europe, whether the screening procedure should include the electrocardiograms. The main reason cited by the U.S. for the non-use of the ECG is the high cost it requires. Chronic exercise induces the remodeling of the heart in order to respond to the cardiovascular demands. This phenomenon is called "the athlete's heart". This depends on the intensity and type of the exercise. In endurance athletes, it causes mainly the increasing of the internal diameter of the left ventricle and in power athletes, the increasing of the wall thickness of the left ventricle. There is often confusion between the «athlete's» and the abnormal heart since in mild forms of the disease, some features such as the thickness of the wall of the left ventricle, can have similar sizes. The mechanisms leading to these sudden deaths are either of mechanical nature or electrical with the latter constituting for over 90% of the cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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