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The purpose of the study is to establish the effectiveness of remaxol in the correction of endogenous intoxication in patients with acute peritonitis., Material and Methods: The work is based on the results of clinical and laboratory studies. The clinic examined 55 patients with acute moderate peritonitis as complication of various diseases (acute appendicitis, perforated gastric or duodenal ulcer, acute intestinal obstruction, acute destructive cholecystitis). Before surgical operation and in the early postoperative period we evaluated the severity of endogenous intoxication by the level of hydrophilic and hydrophobic toxic products. The content of molecular products of lipids peroxidation - oxidative stress, phospholipase activity were determined in the blood plasma. In the study group (n = 28) in the postoperative therapy additionally included remaxol (400 ml intravenous fluids)., Results: Research established that the occurrence of endogenous intoxication syndrome in patients with acute peritonitis associated with the activation of oxidative stress and phospholipases, high intensity of which is maintained even after elimination of the source of peritonitis with manifestation on the 1st day after surgery. Remaxol include leads to a significant reduction in the severity of intoxication syndrome in patients with acute peritonitis. Positive effect of the drug on the correction of endogenous intoxication is largely determined by its ability to significantly reduce oxidative stress and the activity of phospholipases, as the most important membrane destabilizing agents. The greatest detoxication effect of the drug is recorded when it is applied already at the preoperative stage of patients when its ability to reduce the activity of trigger agents of catabolic processes implemented to the greatest extent., Conclusion: In acute moderate peritonitis, remaxol use before surgery or in the early postoperative period in complex therapy leads to a significant correction of factors contributing to the development and preservation of the intensification of catabolic processes - one of the sources of endogenous intoxication.

It is found that the drug remaxol, which possesses antioxidant and antihypoxant properties, is also highly effective in correction of metabolism disorders in the kidneys with peritoneal endotoxicosis. The high neuroprotective effect of remaxol is related to its ability to correct the lipid metabolism violated by hypoxia phenomena in tissues, to decrease peroxidation of lipids and activity of phospholipase A2, and to recover intrinsic antioxidant potential of cellular structures of the kidney.

The analysis of results of laboratorial diagnostics of HIV-infection in multiprofile treatment institute of the Ministry of Defense of RF, questioning of medical staff on the questions of diagnostics and treatment of HIV-infection discovered several disadvantages in the system of training of the physicians in this sphere. Insufficient level of knowledge of practical aspects of HIV-infection causes baseless quantity of screening laboratorial tests (up to 70%). It leads to grand material inputs of the Ministry of Defense of RF. The authors propose an elaborated guidance manual for teachers, attending physicians and students of academies on studying questions of HIV-infection, based on the principle of "transparent study", on broad engaging of different departments to the process of teaching, on consideration of profiles of cycles of studying, of levels of adoption, types of lessons, volume of study time.

Infantile hemangiopericytoma (IH) is a rare mesenchymal tumor of the extremity and trunk soft tissues with medium potential grade. Its clinical course and prognosis on the basis of morphological evidence are unpredictable. IH consists of CD34-positive fibroblasts forming around fissural vessels. Some tumors feature non-hemangiopericytic structures. IH is morphologically identifiable by comparing with other infantile fibroblastic tumors, such as myofibroma and solitary fibrous tumor. Immunomorphological examination is essential to assure proper diagnosis of IH.

Based on their personal experience with treatment of 118 patients the authors consider that sanitation-decompression percutaneous-transhepatic punctures of the gallbladder under US control can be used for arresting the inflammation process. The integral scales SAPS-II and POSSUM allow identification of groups of patients with high operative risk. The strategy of treatment depends on both the state of the patient and results of USI. The detection of an obturating concrement in the gallbladder neck requires punctures for decompression of the gallbladder and attempts to reestablish normal bile passage in addition to conservative therapy at early terms.

The paper presents the experience in testing virtual colonoscopy on examining patients with colonic diseases. The potentialities of virtual colonoscopy in imaging tumors, polyps, diverticula, and strictures of the colon are assessed. The place of the procedure in the algorithms of examination of patients is defined. Its advantages and disadvantages are preliminarily estimated.

Results of surgical treatment of acute cholecystitis were analyzed in 105 patients. Immediate results of laparoscopic cholecystectomy and immediate and long-term results of puncture treatment were estimated. It was shown that in patients with extremely high degree of the operation risk (IV-V degree by ASA) the puncture treatment of acute cholecystitis judged by immediate results proved to be effective in 75% of the patients, and the effect judged by long-term results was 92.5%.

Spectrum and coherent EEG analysis was performed in 86 pregnant women on the 35-36th week of gestation. It was shown that functional interhemispheric brain asymmetry is a sensitive index of normal and complicated gestation. It was found out that activation prevailing in the central and temporal brain areas contralateral to the side of placenta localization in the uterus was characteristic of the normal pregnancy. The development of gestation complications was accompanied by the inversion of interhemispheric asymmetry of EEG activation. It was suggested that correlative properties of bioelectric brain activity in women with normal gestation are an indicator of the left-hemispheric dominance of brain centers in the integration process.

Results of transabdominal adrenalectomy performed in 29 patients with different tumors of the adrenals were estimated. The lower traumaticity of the access due to using a new technology as well as taking prophylactic measures for lower aggressive influence of the pneumoperitoneum allowed performing combined operative interventions in 30% of cases and avoiding serious intra- and postoperative complications.

The work presents results of treatment of 375 patients with acute pancreatitis, 93 patients with destructive pancreatitis were operated upon. Minimally invasive and traditional technologies were used. Postoperative lethality was 6.5%. The method of lumboscopic extraperitoneal drainage of the destruction focus under the control of laparoscopy and USI is described. The percutaneous paracenthetic-draining interventions under the control of USI and endovideosurgical technologies were shown to be highly effective in treatment of patients with acute destructive pancreatitis and its complications.

A more than 10 year experience of using operative interventions under the control of ultrasound has shown that in order to solve the task of improving the results of surgical treatment of cysts of the pancreatic gland it is necessary to improve a number of diagnostic and organizational measures allowing to perform the early and effective diagnosis of the cysts and their timely treatment. The percutaneous puncture-drainage operations with sclerotherapy are indisputably considered to be highly effective in treatment of cysts of the pancreas. In most patients, however, the clinical and ultrasonic signs of pancreatitis are still retained. These patients need permanent dynamic observation and conservative therapy.

Operator's main functions were studied in 78 patients with chronic toxoplasmosis during the period of disease aggravation and during the following 6 months. It was revealed that marked disorders in higher nervous activity and psychomotor system are observed in the patients during the period of aggravation, significantly more expressed during disease recurring course. It is reasonable to examine servicemen with chronic toxoplasmosis using psychologic and psychophysiologic methods before treatment and in 6 months after its completion. Without clear tendency towards improvement of professionally significant qualities in 6 months after treatment (level of neurotization, psychopathyzation, comparative number of mistakes in attention test and during reckon in head, delayed memory, positive tapping-test) it is not recommended to use servicemen at the posts having operator's profile and connected with long staying in secluded small collectives.

Auditory evoked potentials (AEP) were recorded and analyzed in 12 children during general halothane and ketamine anesthesia. Ketamine suppressed the amplitude of primary negative component and eliminated secondary AEP components with latencies more than 60 ms, including N-200 and P-300 waves. By contrast, halothane did not affect primary components with less than 95 ms latencies and suppressed the latest components. Hence, ketamine suppresses the nonspecific afferent pathways and the brain structures responsible for memory and emotional functions, while halothane does not affect the afferent pulsation and partially suppresses emotional and mnemonic functions.

The article presents an analysis of immediate results of laparoscopic interventions (suturing, vagotomy) in 40 patients with perforated ulcers in the pylorobulbar zone. Postoperative complications were noted in 7.5% of the patients. There were no lethal outcomes. The authors recommend wider introduction of the laparoscopic technology as a method of optimization of surgical treatment for perforated ulcers.

The article describes a method of laparoscopic suturing perforated ulcers of the pylorobulbar zone. The elements of all steps of the operation are analyzed including the places of introducing the trocar, the method of putting the intracorporeal stitches, means of sanitation and drainage of the abdominal cavity. The method was successfully used in operations on 43 patients with perforated ulcers without any complications.

The authors have made a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of isolated and combined laparoscopic cholecystectomies. The control group consisted of 246 patients subjected to isolated cholecystectomies. The group under study included 22 patients in whom combined cholecystectomies were performed. The comparative analysis included the following clinical data: duration of the operation, number of postoperative days in the hospital, amount of postoperative complications. It was concluded that the little-invasive laparoscopic technique used in one of the steps of the combined operation allowed traumatism of the surgery to be decreased which in its turn allowed wider indications to combined operations.

Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus strains isolated in different geographic areas were characterized by changes in electrophoretic mobility (EPM) of virus-specific proteins. Analysis of EPM of intracellular virus-specific protein E and other high molecular proteins of 42 TBE virus strains revealed similarity among the majority of them, with the exception of several strains including the Sophyin strain (Far-Eastern subtype). The most marked variability in the electrophoretic behavior of virus-specific proteins was observed with low molecular proteins prM, ns4b, ns2a.

Ultrasonic investigation of 357 abdominal and retroperitoneal cancer patients provided echographic signs of distant metastases and local malignant involvement. In view of high informative value of the method, ultrasonography is recommended as a substantial component of the early diagnosis.

Prototypes of two automated devices for visual field research on the basis of a computer: visual field analyser (automated perimeter) and the device for detection of scotomas in the central visual field (automated campimeter)--are described.

Bacillus mesentericus DNA fragments carrying promoters were cloned in Bacillus subtilis. The nucleotide sequences of four promoters, the sites of transcription initiation and the levels of promoter-mediated expression of pPL603 CAT gene at different stages of cell growth were determined. It was identified, that the two promoters (P435 and P442) are the typical sigma 43-RNA polymerase promoters. Promoter P462 possessed the unusual nucleotide sequence and induced the expression of indicator CAT gene at the middle of the stationary phase of cell growth. The next P428 promoter was found to be a complex promoter composed of three overlapping ones: P428-1, P428-2 and P428-3. P428-3 is the sigma 43-specific promoter which revealed the high degree of homology with Bacillus subtilis spoOB gene promoter. We suggest the promoters P428-1 and P428-2 to be sigma 43- and sigma 37-RNA polymerase specific, respectively.

Based on the experience with the treatment of 144 patients the authors recommend to use transfusions of autologous blood subjected to UV irradiation in the complex treatment of lymphostasis of lower extremities.

The authors analyzed data of the clinical picture and autopsy results in 26 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. During life hemorrhagic complications were revealed in 19% of patients, thrombotic--in 12%, while pathoanatomically they were found correspondingly in 46% and 27% of cases. In 15% of cases thromboses and hemorrhages were registered simultaneously. An interrelationship was noted between the activity of the disease and frequency of hemorrhagic complications as well as between the duration of the disease and quantity of thrombotic complications.

An experimental model (mock-up) of automated complex "Glaucoma" has been produced for mass population screening. It comprises five ophthalmologic instruments: for history data collection; for visual acuity examining; for examining the visual fields limits (perimeter); for determination of paracentral sites within visual field (campimeter), and finally a device for intraocular tension measurement. A special computer serves to control the operation of these instruments, collection, processing and display of information. A set including magnetic recorder, projector and synchronizer provides instructions for patients. The latter were examined following special lecture explaining the purpose of investigation, operation rules for these instruments and sequence of procedures.

The expression of Tc resistance gene derived from plasmid pBR322 has been studied in Bacillus subtilis cells where this alien gene is not usually expressed. Fragments of Bacillus subtilis chromosome were inserted into the Tc resistance gene promoter region of the hybrid plasmid pGG20 and the expression of this gene was registered. Plasmid pGG20 confers a constitutive mode of Tc resistance in Escherichia coli cells. In contrast, the inducibility of Tc resistance gene expression in Bacillus subtilis cells has been reported. Optimal concentration for the highest inducibility of Tc resistance by the antibiotic has been determined.

An analysis of long-term results of treatment of 1258 patients with chronic lymphovenous insufficiency of lower extremities has shown the necessity of differentiated approach to different categories of the patients. A substantial improvement of results of the treatment of patients with complicated forms of varicose disease is observed in combination of operations on the venous and lymphatic systems. The character of these operations (lymphovenous anastomoses, lymphonodovenous anastomoses) must be determined strictly individually on the basis of an analysis of clinical course of the disease, data of lympho- and phlebography.

Using the semi-empirical MNDO/H method several systems simulating the reaction of tetrahedral intermediate formation in the active site of serine proteases have been studied. The role played by elements of the "catalytic triad" in increasing the reactivity of serine hydroxyl has been discussed. The formation of a strong hydrogen bond between His and Asp was shown to be important in lowering the activation energy in the reaction of Ser with substrate. The change in position of the proton located between Ser and His and between His and Asp was analysed. The influence of substrate distortion on the energy of intermediate formation has been considered.

The restriction analysis has been used to establish that O-beta-diethylaminoethylhydroxylamine (OHA) produces modification of unpaired cytidines in the polylinker region adjacent to the Z-insert (dG-dC)10. (dG-dC)10 in the negatively supercoiled plasmid pGC20. The length of the transition region between B- and Z-portions of DNA is not less than 36 bps. The reaction of OHA with the unpaired cytidines in the B-Z junction is a fixing one and produces no secondary despiralling of the neighboring regions. The reaction with DNA proceeds much slower than the one with monomers and single-strand polynucleotides. The structural nonuniformity has been observed, which is manifested in the alternating B and "non-B" form DNA in the B-Z junction. It is suggested that these junctions may contain nucleotide sequences which are stable to violation of the B structure during the change in superhelical density of DNA.

11 fragments of Bacillus mesentericus and phage SPO1 DNA containing promoters were cloned in Bacillus subtilis. Nucleotide sequences of these fragments were determined and S1 mapping of transcriptional start points was performed. It was found that some fragments contained tandem or overlapping promoters. Nucleotide sequences of Bacillus mesentericus promoters were compared with known promoters from bacilli. Promoter activities were determined in different phases of cell growth. Nucleotide sequences of several promoters coincided with known sigma 43, sigma 29, sigma 28-promoters. Nucleotide sequences of other promoters differ greatly from those used by the known forms of Bacillus subtilis RNA polymerase. The existence of at least four other forms of bacilli RNA polymerase specific for these promoters is suggested.