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Titanogrypa (Cucullomyia) alvarengai (Lopes, 1976) (Figure 3) Cucullomyia alvarengai Lopes, 1976b:752. Type locality: Brazil, Roraima, Surumu. Titanogrypa (Cucullomyia) alvarengai; Pape 1996: 431. (catalogue). Type-material examined. HOLOTYPE ♂: BRAZIL, Roraima, Surumu, ix.1966, M. Alvarenga leg. (MNRJ) [lost]. Diagnosis. Scutellum with a lateral patch of whitish hair-like setulae; vesica with a proximal membranous portion as a low and short projection with a bilobed end in profile and sclerotised portion with squamose ornamentation (Figure 3 (e)); juxta with narrower distal portion, in lateral view (Figure 3 (e)); median stylus long with base broad and bilobed, and without apical spines; lateral styli with base slightly wider than the apex, with spines in the apical half (Figure 3 (d,e)). Redescription. MALE (n = 1). Body length = 10.0 mm. Head. Parafacial and fronto-orbital plates with golden pruinosity; fronto-orbital plate with sparse setulae; parafacial plate with row of setulae close to eye and measuring about 0.65 of distance between vibrissae; frons about 0.23 head width at level of ocellar triangle; frontal vitta entirely blackish; rows of frontal setae parallel except anteriormost 2 slightly divergent, 6–7 well-developed frontal setae reaching level of base of pedicel, the uppermost one shorter than the others; reclinate orbital seta present, proclinate orbital setae absent; outer vertical setae 0.5x inner vertical setae and divergent; ocellar setae as developed as upper frontals; ocellar triangle dark brown; postocellar and paravertical setae present; postocular area with golden pruinosity; gena with golden pruinosity at the top and silver at the bottom, black setae in anterior part and whitish setae close to occiput; postgena with silvery pruinosity and numerous whitish setae; face with silvery pruinosity; facial ridge black with silvery pruinosity, with short setulae in lower half; antenna dark brown, total length 0.84 of distance from insertion to vibrissal level, first flagellomere brown with grey pruinosity and approximately 2.5x longer than pedicel; arista long plumose on basal 2/3; palpus blackish. Thorax. Black with silvery-grey pruinosity, postpronotum, notopleuron, anepisternum, anepimeron, and katepisternum with slightly yellowish pruinosity; chaetotaxy: acrostichals 0 + 1, dorsocentrals 3 (poorly differentiated) + 4 (2 anteriormost poorly differentiated, 2 posteriormost well developed), intra-alars 1 + 2, supra-alars 2 + 3, postpronotals 3, notopleurals 4; katepisternals 3; postalar wall setulose; postalar callus with 2 setae; scutellum with a patch of whitish hair-like setulae on lateral margin and reaching ventral part, pairs of basal, lateral and subapical setae (lateral pair shorter), a pair of preapical discal setae, and no apical setae; meral setae 8–9; proepisternum bare; prosternum setulose. Wing. Hyaline, with dark brown veins; tegula dark brown; basicosta yellowish; vein R1 bare; vein R4+5 with setulae dorsally on 1/2 of distance to crossvein r-m; cell r4+5 open at wing margin; third costal sector bare ventrally. Legs. Blackish-brown with silvery pruinosity, pulvilli yellowish-brown; mid femur with a row of 3 − 4 median anterior setae, 3 median anteroventral setae, 2 preapical posterior setae, 2 median setae and a ctenidium of 8 spiniform setae on posteroventral surface; mid tibia with 2 median anterodorsal, 1 basal and 1 median posterior setae, and 2 median posterodorsal setae; hind femur with a row of anterodorsal setae, a row of anterior setae in the proximal half, 1 apical dorsal and 1 apical posterodorsal seta, and rows of anteroventral and posteroventral setae; hind tibia with 1 median anterior seta, 1 basal, 1 median and 1 apical seta in the same position on the anterodorsal and posterodorsal surfaces, additionally 1 basal and 1 median anterodorsal seta; hind coxa and trochanter with normal setae. Abdomen. Dark brown, except T4− T5 reddish brown, with golden pruinosity on lateral and dorsal spots; T1 + 2− T4 with lateral marginal setae; T3− T5 with a set of long setae wavy apex on the ventral surface, more numerous on T5; T4 with a pair of median marginal setae; T5 with a complete row of marginal setae (ca. 12); ST2-4 rectangular with long setae in distal half; ST5 deeply cleft with short base, long and narrow arms, longer setae at base and at arm apex (Figure 3 (a)). Terminalia. Reddish brown, syntergosternite 7 + 8, epandrium and surstylus yellowish brown; epandrium with a pair of developed dorsal setae; surstylus short and clavate, with a slight swelling of the posterior margin and apical setae (Figure 3 (b)); cercal prongs narrow and parallel in posterior view, with distal end slightly enlarged and rounded in profile (Figure 3 (b)); pregonite long and broad, with spatulate apex (Figure 3 (c)); postgonite 0.5x the pregonite, with a long median setae and small setulae (Figure 3 (c)); basiphallus about 4x paraphallus length, paraphallus with 2 dorsal keels (Figure 3 (c)); vesica with a proximal membranous portion as a low and short projection with a bilobed end in profile and sclerotised portion with squamose ornamentation (Figure 3 (e)); juxta as two lobes, with narrower distal portion, in lateral view (Figure 3 (e)); median stylus long with broad base and bilobed, and without apical spines; lateral styli with base slightly wider than the apex, with spines in the distal half (Figure 3 (d,e)). FEMALE. Described and illustrated in Lopes (1976). Distribution (Neotropical). Brazil (Roraima). Comments. Titanogrypa (C.) alvarengai closely resembles T. (C.) pedunculata in the shape of vesica, pregonite and surstylus (Figures 1 (b,c,e), 3(b,c,e)), as detailed under T. (C.) pedunculata. This species differs from other congeneric species mainly by the unique shape and ornamentation of the vesica and the shape of the juxtal lobes (Figure 3 (e))., Published as part of Barbosa, Taciano M., Mello-Patiu, Cátia A. & Vasconcelos, Simão D., 2021, Revision of the New World subgenus Titanogrypa (Cucullomyia) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), with a reassessment of diagnostic characters, pp. 305-340 in Journal of Natural History 55 (5 - 6) on pages 323-325, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2021.1902587, http://zenodo.org/record/5473916, {"references":["Lopes HS. 1976 b. On the genus Cucullomyia Roback (Diptera, Sarcophagidae). Rev Bras Biol. 36: 745 - 757.","Pape T. 1996. Catalogue of the Sarcophagidae of the World (Insecta: Diptera). Mem Entomol Int. 8: 1 - 558."]}

Titanogrypa (Cucullomyia) pedunculata (Hall, 1931) (Figure 1) Sarcophaga pedunculata Hall, 1931: 284. Type locality: USA, Texas, Victoria. Cucullomyia pedunculata: Lopes 1969: 47. (catalogue); Lopes 1976b: 747. (key, redescription of male) Titanogrypa (Cucullomyia) pedunculata: Pape 1996: 432. (catalogue). Type-material examined. PARATYPES. 2 ♂: USA, Texas, Victoria, 23.iv.1946, R. A. Roberts leg. (MNRJ) [lost]. Diagnosis. Scutellum with a lateral patch of whitish hair-like setulae; vesica with a proximal membranous portion forming a high and wide projection with a conspicuous pointed tip in profile and distal margin forming an outward-facing flap (Figure 1 (c–e)); juxta ovoid, in lateral view (Figure 1 (e)); median stylus with broad base, serrated internal margins and spinous apex (Figure 1 (c,d)); lateral styli curved and convergent, with spinous apex (Figure 1 (c,d)). Redescription. MALE (n = 2). Body length = 10.0–12.0 mm. Head. Parafacial and fronto-orbital plates with golden pruinosity; fronto-orbital plate with sparse setulae; parafacial plate with row of setulae close to eye and measuring about 0.45 of distance between vibrissae; frons about 0.30 head width at level of ocellar triangle; frontal vitta entirely blackish; rows of frontal setae parallel except anteriormost 2 slightly divergent, 6–8 well-developed frontal setae reaching level of base of pedicel, the uppermost one shorter than the others; reclinate orbital seta present, proclinate orbital setae absent; outer vertical setae 0.5x inner vertical and divergent; ocellar setae as developed as upper frontals; ocellar triangle dark brown; postocellar and paravertical setae present; postocular area with golden pruinosity; gena with golden pruinosity, black setae in anterior part and whitish setae close to occiput; postgena with silvery pruinosity and numerous whitish setae; face with silvery pruinosity; facial ridge black with silvery pruinosity, with short setulae in lower half; antenna dark brown, total length 0.81 of distance from insertion to vibrissal level, first flagellomere brown with grey pruinosity and approximately 3.0x longer than pedicel; arista long plumose on basal 2/3; palpus blackish. Thorax. Black with silvery-grey pruinosity, postpronotum, notopleuron, anepisternum, anepimeron, and katepisternum with slightly yellowish pruinosity; chaetotaxy: acrostichals 0 + 1, pre-sutural dorsocentrals poorly differentiated, except two setae close to head and one near suture; post-sutural dorsocentrals 4 (posteriormost 2 well developed), intraalars 1 + 2, supra-alars 2 + 3, postpronotals 3, notopleurals 4; katepisternals 3, almost in a straight line; postalar wall setulose; postalar callus with 2 setae; scutellum with a patch of whitish hair-like setulae on lateral margin and reaching ventral part, pairs of basal, lateral and subapical setae (lateral pair shorter), a pair of preapical discal setae, and no apical setae; meral setae 7–8; proepisternum bare; prosternum setulose. Wing. Hyaline, with dark brown veins; tegula dark brown; basicosta yellowish; vein R1 bare; vein R4+5 with setulae dorsally on 1/2 of distance to crossvein r-m; cell r4+5 open at wing margin; third costal sector bare ventrally. Legs. Blackish-brown with silvery pruinosity, pulvilli yellowishbrown; mid femur with a row of 3 − 4 median anterior setae, a row of anteroventral setae, 2 preapical posterior setae, 2 median setae and a ctenidium of 9 spiniform setae on posteroventral surface; mid tibia with 2 median anterodorsal, 1 basal and 1 median posterior setae, and 1 median posterodorsal seta; hind femur with a row of anterodorsal setae, a row of anterior setae in proximal half, 1 apical dorsal and 1 apical posterodorsal seta, and rows of anteroventral and posteroventral setae; hind tibia with 1 median anterior seta, 1 basal, 1 median and 1 apical seta in the same position on the anterodorsal and posterodorsal surfaces, and a median anterodorsal seta; hind coxa and trochanter with normal setae. Abdomen. Dark brown with yellowish grey pruinosity on T1 + 2− T3; T4− T5 reddish brown with yellowish pruinosity; T1 + 2− T4 with lateral marginal setae; T3− T5 with a set of long setae with wavy apex on ventral surface, more numerous on T5; T4 with a pair of median marginal setae; T5 with a complete row of marginal setae (ca. 12); ST2 − 4 rectangular with long setae in distal half; ST5 deeply cleft with short base, long and narrow arms, longer setae at base and at arm apex (Figure 1 (a)). Terminalia. Reddish brown; syntergosternite 7 + 8 with yellowish pruinosity and sparse setulae; epandrium with yellowish pruinosity and a pair of developed dorsal setae; surstylus short and clavate, with some longer apical setae (Figure 1 (b)); cercal prongs narrow and parallel in posterior view, with distal end slightly enlarged and rounded in profile (Figure 1 (b)); pregonite long, distal half bent at almost 90° and with spatulate apex (Figure 1 (c)); postgonite as long as pregonite, with a long median setae and small setulae (Figure 1 (c)); basiphallus about 3x the paraphallus length, paraphallus with 2 dorsal keels (Figure 1 (c)); vesica with proximal membranous portion forming a high and wide projection with a conspicuous pointed end in profile and distal margin forming an outwardfacing flap (Figure 1 (c–e)); juxta ovoid, in lateral view (Figure 1 (e)); median stylus with broad base, serrated internal margins and spinous apex (Figure 1 (c,d)); lateral styli curved and convergent, with spinous apex (Figure 1 (c,d)). FEMALE. Redescribed and illustrated in Lopes (1976). Distribution (Nearctic). Mexico (Baja California North), USA (Texas). Comments. Titanogrypa (C.) pedunculata closely resembles T. (C.) alvarengai, as both have a vesica with only the proximal membranous projection and without distal projections (Figures 1 (e), 3(e)) besides similarities in the shape of pregonite and surstylus shape (Figures 1 (b,c), 3(b,c)). This species differs from other congeneric species mainly by having the ST5 more widely open (Figure 1 (a)) and by the unique shape of the basal projection of the vesica (Figure 1 (e))., Published as part of Barbosa, Taciano M., Mello-Patiu, Cátia A. & Vasconcelos, Simão D., 2021, Revision of the New World subgenus Titanogrypa (Cucullomyia) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), with a reassessment of diagnostic characters, pp. 305-340 in Journal of Natural History 55 (5 - 6) on pages 317-321, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2021.1902587, http://zenodo.org/record/5473916, {"references":["Hall DG. 1931. New Texas Sarcophaginae (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Entomol News. 42: 280 - 286.","Lopes HS. 1969. Family Sarcophagidae. In: Papavero N, editor. A catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas south of the United States. Sao Paulo: Departamento de Zoologia, Secretaria de Agricultura; p. 88.","Lopes HS. 1976 b. On the genus Cucullomyia Roback (Diptera, Sarcophagidae). Rev Bras Biol. 36: 745 - 757.","Pape T. 1996. Catalogue of the Sarcophagidae of the World (Insecta: Diptera). Mem Entomol Int. 8: 1 - 558."]}

Titanogrypa (Cucullomyia) larvicida (Lopes, 1935) (Figures 4, 7 (c), 9(a–c)) Sarcophaga larvicida Lopes, 1935b: 470. Type locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro; Cucullomyia larvicida; Lopes 1969: 47 (catalogue, new combination); Lopes 1976b: 749 (key, redescription); Linhares 1981: 197 (synantropy); Carvalho and Linhares 2001: 606 (list, forensic); Titanogrypa (Cucullomyia) larvicida; Pape 1996: 432 (catalogue, new combination); Barros et al. 2008: 607 (list, forensic); Carvalho and Mello-Patiu 2008: 402 (key, forensic); Moretti et al. 2008: 693 (list, forensic); Barbosa et al. 2009: 924 (list, forensic); Rosa et al. 2011:427 (list, forensic); Alves et al. 2014: 82 (list, forensic); Mello-Patiu et al. 2014: 143 (list, forensic); Barbosa et al. 2015: 113 (list, forensic); Sousa et al. 2015: 6 (list, distribution, forensic); Sousa et al. 2016: 9 (forensic, community ecology); Barbosa et al. 2017: 463 (list, diversity), Buenaventura and Pape 2018: 844 (morphological phylogeny); Carvalho-Filho et al. 2018: 401 (list, diversity); Faria et al. 2018: 187 (list, forensic), Barbosa et al. 2020: 92 (list, distribution). Type material examined. HOLOTYPE ♂: BRAZIL, Rio de Janeiro, Jardim Botânico, x.1935, H.S. Lopes leg. (MNRJ) [lost]. PARATYPES 2 ♂: same data as holotype (MNRJ) [lost]; 1 ♂: BRAZIL, Parayba do Norte [estado da Paraíba], Santa Luzia, Fazenda Fechado, v.1935, R. V. Ihering leg. (MNRJ) [lost]. Additional examined material. BRAZIL − 3 ♂: Pernambuco, Buíque, ix.2015, T.M. Barbosa & R.F. R Carmo leg. (CE-UFPE); 3 ♂: Paraíba, Boqueirão, ii. 2017, T.M. Barbosa & R.F. R Carmo leg. (CE-UFPE); 1 ♂: Minas Gerais, Cambuquira, ii.1942, H.S. Lopes leg. (MNRJ) [lost]; 1 ♂: Rio de Janeiro, Grajaú, 28.v.1939, H.S. Lopes leg. (MNRJ) [lost]; 1 ♂: Rio de Janeiro, Marambaia, 12.xi.1993, C.A. Mello-Patiu leg. (MNRJ) [lost]; 1 ♂: Rio de Janeiro, Marambaia, 18.iii.1993, C.A. Mello-Patiu leg. (MNRJ) [lost]; BRAZIL – 1 ♂: Mato Grosso do Sul, Porto Murtinho, 11–26.xii.2012, Nihei, S. leg. (MNRJ) [lost]. Diagnosis. Scutellum with a lateral patch of whitish or yellowish hair-like setulae; vesica as long as wide, with a single sclerotised and pointed proximal projection at the base and a rounded distal portion with spinose ornamentation (Figure 4 (d,e)); juxta ovoid, roughly similar in thickness along the entire length, in lateral view, and with a small sclerotised area, in the ventral view (Figure 4 (c–e)); median style slightly larger than the lateral ones with a spinous apex (Figure 4 (d,e)); lateral styli robust, with spinous apical half (Figure 4 (d,e)). Redescription. MALE (n = 14). Body length = 6.5–10.0 mm. Head. Parafacial and fronto-orbital plates with golden pruinosity; fronto-orbital plate with sparse setulae; parafacial plate with row of setulae close to eye and measuring about 0.52 of distance between vibrissae; frons about 0.35 head width at level of ocellar triangle; frontal vitta entirely blackish with some golden pruinosity around the ocellar triangle; rows of frontal setae parallel except anteriormost 2 slightly divergent, 5–7 well-developed frontal setae reaching level of base of pedicel, the uppermost one shorter than the others; reclinate orbital seta present, proclinate orbital setae absent; outer vertical setae 0.5x inner vertical setae and divergent; ocellar setae as developed as upper frontals; ocellar triangle blackish brown; postocellar and paravertical setae present; postocular area with golden pruinosity; gena with golden pruinosity in upper portion and grey pruinosity on the bottom, black setae in anterior part and whitish setae close to occiput; postgena with silvery pruinosity and numerous whitish setae; face with silvery pruinosity; facial ridge black with silvery pruinosity, with short setulae in lower half; antenna dark brown, total length 0.74 of distance from insertion to vibrissal level, first flagellomere brown with grey pruinosity and approximately 2.5x longer than pedicel; arista long plumose on basal 3/4; palpus blackish. Thorax. Black with silvery-grey pruinosity, postpronotum, notopleuron, anepisternum, anepimeron, and katepisternum with slightly yellowish pruinosity; chaetotaxy: acrostichals 0 + 1, dorsocentrals 3 − 5 poorly differentiated setae (except one setae close to the head and one near suture) + 4 − 5 (2–3 short setae and 2 posteriormost well developed), intra-alars 1 + 2, supra-alars 2 + 3, postpronotals 3, notopleurals 4; katepisternals 3, almost in a straight line; postalar wall setulose; postalar callus with 2 setae; scutellum with a patch of whitish or yellowish hair-like setulae on lateral margin and reaching ventral part (Figure 7 (c)),pairs of basal, lateral and subapical setae (lateral pair shorter), a pair of preapical discal setae, and no apical setae; meral setae 7–9; proepisternum bare; prosternum setulose. Wing. Hyaline, with dark brown veins; tegula dark brown; basicosta yellowish; vein R1 bare; vein R4+5 with setulae dorsally on 3/4 of distance to crossvein r-m; cell r4+5 open at wing margin; third costal sector bare ventrally. Legs. Blackish-brown with silvery pruinosity, pulvilli yellowish-brown; mid femur with a row of 4 − 6 median anterior setae, 4 median anteroventral setae, 2 preapical posterior setae, 1 − 2 median setae and a ctenidium of 9 spiniform setae on posteroventral surface; mid tibia with 2 median anterodorsal, 1 basal and 1 median posterior setae, and 1 median posterodorsal seta; hind femur with a row of anterodorsal setae, a row of anterior setae in the proximal half, 1 apical dorsal and 1 apical posterodorsal seta, and rows of anteroventral and posteroventral setae; hind tibia with 1 median anterior seta, 1 basal, 1 median and 1 apical seta in the same position on the anterodorsal and posterodorsal surfaces, and a median anterodorsal seta; hind coxa and trochanter with normal setae. Abdomen. Dark brown with yellowish grey pruinosity on T1 + 2− T3; T4− T5 reddish brown with yellowish pruinosity; T1 + 2− T3 with lateral marginal setae; T3− T5 with a set of long setae wavy apex on ventral surface, more numerous on T5; T4 with a pair of median marginal setae; T5 with a complete row of marginal setae (ca. 12 − 16); ST2 − 4 rectangular with long setae in distal half; ST5 deeply cleft with short base, long and narrow arms covered with fine setae in the basal portion and spine-like setae in the distal half (Figure 4 (a)). Terminalia. Reddish brown; syntergosternite 7 + 8 with yellowish pruinosity and sparse setulae; epandrium with slightly yellowish pruinosity, sparse setulae and 1 − 2 pairs of developed dorsal setae; surstylus short, narrow, and clavate, with some few apical setae (Figure 4 (b)); cercal prongs narrow, slightly apart in the middle region in posterior view, with distal end slightly enlarged and rounded in profile (Figure 4 (b)); pregonite long and curved, with enlarged and spatulate apex (Figure 4 (c)); postgonite about 0.5x pregonite, with a long median setae and small setulae (Figure 4 (c)); basiphallus about 3x the paraphallus length, paraphallus with 2 dorsal keels (Figure 4 (c,e)); vesica as long as wide, with a single, sclerotised and pointed proximal projection at the base and a rounded and spinous distal portion (Figures 4 (d,e), 9(c)); juxta as two ovoid lobes, each one roughly similar in thickness along the entire length, in lateral view, and with a small sclerotised area, in the ventral view (Figures 4 (c,e), 9(a)); median style slightly longer than the lateral ones, with a spinous apex (Figures 4 (d,e), 9(b)); lateral styli robust, with spinous distal half (Figures 4 (d,e), 9(b)). FEMALE. Described in Lopes (1935), redescribed and illustrated in Lopes (1976). Distribution (Neotropical). Brazil (Ceará, Espírito Santo, Federal District, Maranhão, Goiás, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul *, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Norte, São Paulo). Comments. Titanogrypa (C.) larvicida closely resembles T. (C.) alvarengai , T. (C.) albuquerquei and T. (C.) pedunculata, all of which have a vesica with an unpaired projection at the base (Figure 4 (e)). However, the projection is sclerotised in T. (C.) larvicida whereas it is membranous in the other species. This species also differs from the other congeneric species by having a vesica with the distal lobes conspicuously ornamented with spines (Figure 4 (d,e)). Additionally, in the present study T. (C.) larvicida had its geographic distribution updated for the Brazilian territory. From the examined material, field data and literature records, the presence of this species was confirmed for the Brazilian states of the Midwest, North, Northeast and Southeast regions. Finally, we highlight the presence of T. (C.) larvicida in the Caatinga domain, a type of dry and open forest exclusive in the northeastern Brazil, where this species was attracted by three types of bait: rotten bovine spleen, decomposing fish and fresh human faeces., Published as part of Barbosa, Taciano M., Mello-Patiu, Cátia A. & Vasconcelos, Simão D., 2021, Revision of the New World subgenus Titanogrypa (Cucullomyia) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), with a reassessment of diagnostic characters, pp. 305-340 in Journal of Natural History 55 (5 - 6) on pages 327-329, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2021.1902587, http://zenodo.org/record/5473916, {"references":["Lopes HS. 1935 b. Sobre duas especies de Sarcophaga cujas larvas sao predatoras (Dipt. Sarcophagidae). Rev Entomol. 5: 470 - 478.","Lopes HS. 1969. Family Sarcophagidae. In: Papavero N, editor. A catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas south of the United States. Sao Paulo: Departamento de Zoologia, Secretaria de Agricultura; p. 88.","Lopes HS. 1976 b. On the genus Cucullomyia Roback (Diptera, Sarcophagidae). Rev Bras Biol. 36: 745 - 757.","Linhares AX. 1981. Synanthropy of Calliphoridae and Sarcophagidae (Diptera) in the city of Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Rev Bras Entomol. 25: 189 - 215.","Carvalho LML, Linhares AX. 2001. Seasonality of insect successions and pig carcass decomposition on a natural forest area in Southeastern Brazil. J Forensic Sci. 46: 604 - 608.","Pape T. 1996. Catalogue of the Sarcophagidae of the World (Insecta: Diptera). Mem Entomol Int. 8: 1 - 558.","Barros RM, Mello-Patiu CA, Pujol-Luz JR. 2008. Sarcophagidae (Insecta, Diptera) associados a decomposicao de carcacas de Sus scrofa Linnaeus (Suidae) em area de cerrado do Distrito Federal, Brazil. Rev Bras Entomol. 52: 606 - 609. doi: 10.1590 / S 0085 - 56262008000400011.","Carvalho CJB, Mello-Patiu CA. 2008. Key to the adults of the most common forensic species of Diptera in South America. Rev Bras Entomol. 52: 390 - 406. doi: 10.1590 / S 0085 - 56262008000300012.","Moretti TC, Ribeiro OB, Thyssen PJ, Solis DR. 2008. Insects on decomposing carcasses of small rodents in a secondary forest in Southeastern Brazil. Europ J Entomol. 105: 691 - 696. doi: 10.14411 / eje. 2008.094.","Barbosa RR, Mello-Patiu CA, Mello RP, Queiroz MMC. 2009. New records of calyptrate dipterans (Fanniidae, Muscidae and Sarcophagidae) associated with the decomposition of domestic pigs in Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 104: 923 - 926. doi: 10.1590 / S 0074 - 02762009000600018.","Rosa TA, Babata MLY, Souza CM, Sousa D, Mello-Patiu CA, Vaz-de-melo FZ, Mendes J. 2011. Arthropods associated with pig carrion in two vegetation profiles of Cerrado in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Rev Bras Entomol. 55: 424 - 434. doi: 10.1590 / S 0085 - 56262011005000045.","Alves ACF, Santos WE, Creao-Duarte AJ. 2014. Diptera (Insecta) de importancia forense da regiao Neotropical. Entomotropica. 29: 77 - 94.","Mello-Patiu CA, Paseto ML, Faria LS, Mendes J, Linhares AX. 2014. Sarcophagid flies (Insecta, Diptera) from pig carcasses in Minas Gerais, Brazil, with nine new records from the Cerrado, a threatened neotropical biome. Rev Bras Entomol. 58: 142 - 146. doi: 10.1590 / S 0085 - 56262014000200005.","Barbosa TM, Mello-Patiu CA, Vasconcelos SD. 2015. Flesh fly (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) survey on coastal environments in Northeastern Brazil: new records and notes on the expanded geographical distribution. Entomotropica. 30: 112 - 117.","Sousa JRP, Carvalho-Filho FS, Esposito MC. 2015. Distribution and abundance of necrophagous flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae and Sarcophagidae) in Maranhao, northeastern Brazil. J Insect Sci. 15: 70 - 79. doi: 10.1093 / jisesa / iev 054.","Sousa JRP, Carvalho-Filho FS, Juen L, Esposito MC. 2016. Evaluating the effects of different vegetation types on necrophagous fly communities (Diptera: Calliphoridae; Sarcophagidae): implications for conservation. PLoS One. 11: 1 - 23.","Barbosa TM, Carmo RFR, Silva LP, Sales RG, Vasconcelos SD. 2017. Diversity of sarcosaprophagous calyptratae (Diptera) on sandy beaches exposed to increasing levels of urbanization in Brazil. Environ Entomol. 46: 460 - 469. doi: 10.1093 / ee / nvx 059.","Buenaventura E, Pape T. 2018. Phylogeny, evolution and male terminalia functionality of Sarcophaginae (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Zool J Linnean Soc. 183: 808 - 906. doi: 10.1093 / zoolinnean / zlx 070.","Carvalho-Filho FS, Gorayeb IS, Soares JMM, Souza MT. 2018. Flesh flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) from a white-sand habitat in the Brazilian Amazon, with the description of four new species. Zootaxa. 4504: 401 - 417. doi: 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4504.3.6.","Faria LS, Paseto ML, Couri MS, Mello-Patiu CA, Mendes J. 2018. Insects associated with pig carrion in two environments of the Brazilian savanna. Neotrop Entomol. 47: 181 - 198. doi: 10.1007 / s 13744 - 017 - 0518 - y.","Barbosa TM, Mello-Patiu CA, Vasconcelos SD. 2020. First record of Sarcophagidae (Diptera) species in seasonally dry tropical forests (Caatinga), with notes on their attractiveness to decomposing substrates. Entomol News. 129: 89 - 97. doi: 10.3157 / 021.129.0114."]}

Barbosa, Taciano M., Mello-Patiu, Cátia A., Vasconcelos, Simão D. (2021): Revision of the New World subgenus Titanogrypa (Cucullomyia) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), with a reassessment of diagnostic characters. Journal of Natural History 55 (5-6): 305-340, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2021.1902587, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2021.1902587

Neste artigo, descrevemos uma pesquisa sobre o perfil do professor de Ciências da Rede Municipal de Recife enfatizando suas perspectivas de formação continuada em Biologia. A pesquisa foi realizada por meio de entrevistas estruturadas entre 2001 e 2002, em 31 escolas. Registramos fraca interação entre os professores e a universidade, embora a maioria dos professores tenha interesse em interagir mais, na forma de cursos, capacitações, oficinas, palestras e pós-graduação. Discute-se o papel da universidade pública como pólo gerador de conhecimento e reflexão sobre a educação permanente de professores de Ciências da rede pública. In this article, we describe research about the characterization of Science teachers from public schools in Recife, emphasizing their perspectives on continuing education in Biology. The study was performed using structured interviews between 2001 and 2002, in 31 schools. We detected a weak interaction between teachers and the university, although most teachers are interested in interacting more, through courses, workshops, seminars and post-graduate courses. We discuss the role of the public university as a producer of knowledge and reflect about life long education for Science teachers from public schools.

The effects of stage structure and host density on baculovirus horizontal transmission were examined in the laboratory using larvae of the cabbage moth, Mamestra brassicae L. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Insects were reared at three instar combinations and three host densities in closed containers with infected larvae. Insects were observed daily and the number of deaths and time to death were recorded. Levels of virus mortality were marginally higher in the containers where a higher density of hosts was introduced. Larvae appeared to have a greater risk of infection when late instar combinations were used. Final levels of mortality of older larvae were significantly higher than those of younger larvae. Mean times to death of larval populations were longer for larvae at earlier instar combinations, with a faster decrease in survivorship of older larvae over time. Os efeitos da estrutura etária e da densidade do hospedeiro na transmissão horizontal de um baculovírus foram investigados em laboratório, utilizando-se populações de lagarta do repolho, Mamestra brassicae L. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Os insetos foram mantidos a três combinações de ínstares e três densidades populacionais em recipientes fechados contendo larvas infectadas. As larvas foram observadas diariamente e o número de mortes e o tempo letal foram registrados. Os níveis de mortalidade viral foram marginalmente superiores em recipientes contendo hospedeiros sob maior densidade populacional. As larvas apresentaram um risco de infecção aparentemente maior quando combinações de instares mais avançados foram usadas. Os níveis de mortalidade de larvas mais velhas foram maiores que as de larvas mais jovens. As médias de tempo letal das populaç ões larvais foram maiores para larvas mais jovens, observando-se um declínio mais acentuado na curva de sobrevivência das larvas em estágio mais adiantado de desenvolvimento.