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Now-a-days, visual information is playing a more and more important role in our daily life and effects our way of communication and living in many aspects. Digital images and video applications usually involve storage or transmission of vast amount of data. For secure transmission of data and to reduce the size of the video, video compression techniques are used. Some of the techniques that are used in present days reduce the quality, data size and the original data cannot be retrieved. To overcome these problems, P-N learning based compression technique can be used.In this work, multi-scale filter banks are used for performing necessary operations to obtain the compressed video. The image extraction from video is obtained by performing sequential frame selection method, which is converted to grayscale and then encrypted by using sparse matrix generation technique. MATLAB is a multiparadigm numerical computing environment and proprietary programming language. It allows matrix manipulations, plotting of functions and data, Implementation of algorithm, creation of user Interface. This work helps in providing security for images containing information it also helps in the reduction of bandwidth utilization since only the information contained image is transmitted instead of whole video.

An amphibian survey was conducted in Courtallam at the foothill of Southern Western Ghats and a total of 584 sightings of amphibians belonging to 17 species, six families and 14 genera were obtained between January and December 2012. Cluster analysis and multi dimensional scaling (MDS) analyses revealed diversity pattern(s) of similarity among group and between groups of amphibians in Courtallam. Key words: Amphibians, foothill, Western Ghats, PRIMER and cluster analysis.

Marine environment is a repository of many valuable therapeutic substances. Of the different marine biota, the benthic community, Poriferans (Sponges) are goldmine for many pharmaceutical compounds. The sponges were identified using meristic and morphometric characteristics. The sponge species which have confusion in conventional taxonomical study were subjected to 18S rRNA genomic sequencing studies. The present study of sponges, the sponge Aurora globostellata was further selected for an in-depth study based on the bioactive potential and quantum of availability. The compound was crystallized and subjected to NMR (1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, DEPT-135, DOSY), HR-MS, IR, UV and fluorescent analysis. The structure of the compound in this fraction was characterized and it was identified as Azasterol glycoside.

Earthworm plays a major role in the proper functioning of the soil ecosystem. It acts as scavenger and helps in recycling of dead and decayed plant material by feeding on them. Earthworm increases the soil fertility and is often referred to as a farmer’s friend. Earthworms have been used in medicine for various remedies. The paste prepared from earthworm, Eudrilus eugeniae was tested for antibacterial, antifungal activities. For the antimicrobial screening, four species of bacterial isolate and two species of fungal isolates were selected. The bacterial cultures were used for antimicrobial testing maintained on nutrient agar slant and the fungal strains were maintained on Sabouraud dextrose agar slant at 4°C. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using micro dilution broth method. Earthworm paste at a dose of 100 µl was able to inhibit the growth of bacteria of S. aureus at a maximum level as compared to other bacteria; the growth of fungal Candida albicans was much inhibited. The MIC results indicated that earthworm paste at a dose of 200 µl inhibited the bacterial growth. These studies may lead to the formulation of new antimicrobial drug. The antimicrobial activity of the paste was determined by an agar diffusion method using well and disc, the study clearly indicates that the paste contain a good antibacterial potential and the bioactive compounds to inhibit the growth of bacteria and fungi. Hence earthworm paste (EP) has a good potential to develop a new drug. Key words: Eudrilus eugeniae, antimicrobial activity, fungal and bacteria strains