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Tooth extraction leads to bleeding which may be longer in patients on antithrombotics. This study was aimed to evaluate the hemostatic and wound healing efficacy of chitosan-based dressing in comparison to the cotton pressure pack after tooth extraction in patients receiving single or dual antithrombotics.This is a prospective, randomized split mouth study. Patients undergoing tooth extractions taking either single or dual antithrombotics, with an international normalized ratio (INR) value ≤ 3 were enrolled at JSS Dental CollegeHospital, Mysuru, India during February 2020 to January 2022. The study compared the efficiency of chitosan dressing in achieving quicker hemostasis in comparison to cotton pressure pack. The primary outcome was time to achieve hemostasis and the secondary outcomes were alveolar clinical healing index and alveolar osteitis. The covariates were gender, age, reason for extraction, INR, type of antithrombotic therapy, and the disease condition.Of the 54 enrolled subjects, 39 were males and 15 were females, aged between 33 and 86 years. Thirty six patients were on single antithrombotics, whereas 18 patients were on dual antithrombotics. The reason for extraction was periodontitis in 37 patients and dental caries in 17 patients. The time to achieve hemostasis was lesser with chitosan dental dressing when compared to cotton pressure packs (96 ± 4 and 797 ± 23 seconds; P .001). In the chitosan group, the time to hemostasis was similar irrespective of single or dual antithrombotic therapy (90 ± 6 and 109 ± 8 seconds, respectively). On the contrary, in the cotton pressure pack group, patients on dual antithrombotics had longer time to achieve hemostasis compared to those on single antithrombotics (940 ± 20 and 726 ± 26 seconds; P .001). The time to achieve hemostasis was dependent on INR only in cotton pressure pack group (rWhen compared to cotton pressure packs, chitosan-based dressing was more effective in controlling postoperative bleeding in patients treated with single and dual antithrombotic therapy.

This communication suggests an orthogonal interleaver set for interleave division multiple access (IDMA) based non orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) schemes from beyond 5G viewpoint to support enormous increase in user count. The method generates an orthogonal interleaver set by providing two mother interleavers as seed to generate other users’ interleaving patterns progressively. The key feature of the proposed scheme is that it reduces implementation complexity and memory requirement at the base station, while implementing iterative multiuser detection (MUD), which most of the interlaever designs suggested in literature do not consider. It provides additional security to the user data due to progressively changing mother interleavers’ pattern along with the conventional purpose of providing unique identity for individual users in the system. The proposed orthogonal interleaver set is tested through simulations under multiple IDMA system configurations. It has been observed that it preserves the bit error rate (BER) performance of the IDMA scheme along with the optimal implementation complexity and minimal information exchange requirement between base station and mobile station to share the interleaver design.

Activated carbon derived from peat-based biomass was sulfurized and magnetized forming magnetically-engineered sulfurized peat-based activated carbon (MEPBAC) and used for adsorption of caffeine (CFN) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) from aqueous media. Modification increased the surface area (724 m

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are heterogeneous group of tumors arising from enterochromaffin cells. Neuroendocrine tumors are most commonly found in bowel and pancreatic tissue. Because of paucity of enterochromaffin cells in biliary tract, NETs of bile duct are very rare. Most of the neoplasms in the extrahepatic bile duct are adenocarcinomas; only 0.2% to 0.3% of NETs arise from the bile duct. Cases reported in the literature of biliary carcinoid are diagnosed postoperatively on histopathologic evaluation. We hereby demonstrate a rare presentation of CBD NET identified preoperatively on somatostatin receptor but not on glucose transporter imaging, confirmed by histopathology and immunohistochemistry to be grade 2 NET (Ki-67, 20%).

Hash functions are used for data integrity and authentication but unfortunately they suffer with man in the middle attack problem. An intruder who has command over the communication channel can sen...

OTP (One Time Passwords) are very important in today’s scenario in various applications like in financial transactions, e-commerce etc. They are used for enhancing the security of data comm...

We know that the importance, need and utility of EHR (Electronic Health Record) system is increasing rapidly in the modern world. The developed countries like USA, Canada has adopted this s...

Secure data communication is the need of hour today specifically when the wireless communication channel is insecure. We are proposing a protocol which can be customized in variety of situations. We want to use steganography as a complementary tool for cryptography. The protocol utilizes the nature of communication protocol and it is even useful for places where data hiding and cryptography is illegal or can’t be performed because of various reasons. We are giving a name to these kinds of networks as disturbed networks. The proposed peer to peer protocol is very useful for insecure channels and disturbed networks and we provide complete analysis to validate its utility. The method is a convenient stop and wait protocol which provides unbeatable security and suitable for mobile phones as well. At the same time, for intruder’s perspective, there is no encryption involved which is a very important aspect.

As everyone is aware that security of data communication is essential in modern scenario. There is a continuous fight between cryptographers and cryptanalysists. Cryptographers want to develop new methods and protocols to safeguard the valuable information but on the other side, cryptanalysists find various methods to extract the information. So a new sequential coding based method for securing data communication is proposed here. The proposed method requires an encryption key along with other ingredients and it can be implementable very easily in various situations. The security analysis is also provided to prove the validity. The claim is that the proposed method also satisfies Kerchoff's law of secrecy. We want to keep the method simple enough so that it can be used on mobile phones as well.

In India, sewage (partially-treated/ untreated) is randomly used for irrigation because of easy availability and presence of residual organics and nutrients. However, data on the occurrence of contaminants of emerging concerns (CECs) such as pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) and antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs) in sewage is scarce in Indian perspective. Herein, for the first time, we present a quantitative contamination profiling of selected PPCPs and antibiotic resistance in untreated and biologically-treated sewage from three different sewage treatment plants, located in northern and central part of India. Profiling of PPCPs were done using LC-ESI-MS/MS whereas antibiotic resistance was analyzed using gradient PCR and qPCR techniques. PPCPs were detected both in untreated and treated samples (0.4 – 1340 μg/L). A reduction in ARB and ARG load (2–3 log) and an increase in ARG copy number with respect to beta lactams and tetracycline were observed in treated sewage. Triclosan, estrone and 17α–ethynylestradiol, ubiquitous in all samples, could be used as markers for performance monitoring of sewage treatment facilities. The results obtained in this study help evaluate health and ecological risks associated with the presence of CECs in treated sewage used for irrigation and frame future policies.

All of us know that one time passwords (OTPs) are a part of life in today’s scenario. We have to use them for authentication in many applications such as financial transactions, e-commerce websites, and in various government and nongovernment websites, etc. The strength of any OTP is uniqueness and it must not be predictable in any case. The method of OTP generation should be simple but safe enough to avoid any vulnerability. So a simple and unique OTP generation mechanism using RSA (Rivest, Shamir, Adleman) based string is presented in this paper with complete randomness analysis which also solves the associated problem of Syndicate bank’s token based OTP procedure.

Now a day's electronic health record (EHR) systems are in vogue. Many big countries like Australia and China are implementing new secure ways to store patient's data. This data can be analyzed in variety of purposes. It is very important to mention that this data or the access to this data has to be secured. If an intruder has unauthorized access to this data then the entire system is in trouble. In this paper, we present an innovative and secure method to store patient health record (when the patient is in medical observation) which is useful in emergency situations as well.

All of us know that authentication and key agreement are the two cryptographic services very important for data communication. People use online methods for information exchange using various wireless communication channels. Intruders want to steal sensitive useful information and they use different cryptanalysis ways for that. Quantum computing methods also produces danger for all the existing protocols and algorithms. So at this point of time, it is essential that researchers find new and innovative protocols for data communication in order to surprise intruders. In this paper we present three party key sharing protocol and its correctness involving polynomial rings.

Entity authentication and key distribution are very important cryptographic problems in mobile communication or in adhoc networks or in wireless communication at large. Mutual entity authentication is seen as the necessary process to the establishment of a secure and authentic connection. For a reliable secure communication, mutual entity authentication is very often seen as the necessity to the establishment of a secure connection. Authentication is necessary in wireless communication such as GSM or for Ad-Hoc purposes [26].Here Latin word ad-hoc means for the specific purpose only. Authentication is also necessary in situations where we need more than two entities in the authentication exchange such as a mobile user, a local AAA (Authentication, Authorization and Accounting) server and a remote (home) AAA server [8,21]. In such situations it is essential to include authentic and secure key exchange mechanism that ensures enhancement of trust in communication. This paper provides an authenticated zero knowledge protocol which is very helpful in establishing secure wireless communication in ad-hoc networks by satisfying cryptographic goals such as authentication, data integrity etc [13].

Diffie and Hellman in their path breaking paper (5) proposed a two party key agreement protocol based on finite field. Diffie - Hellman Key Exchange Protocol (DH protocol) has unique importance in two party wireless communication scenarios. After this protocol several protocols have been proposed which were based on DH protocol but the Man in the middle attack raises a serious security concern on this protocol. Researchers have been working to overcome this security concern to design a new protocol. This paper proposes an authenticated key agreement protocol which is secure against Man in the middle attack. The authors also prove security issues of this protocol.

Braid groups were first introduced by Emil Artin in 1925. First cryptosystem, using Braid groups as a platform was discovered by Anshel et al in 2001. After the publication of this paper several cryptosystems on Braid groups had been designed. In this paper we have proposed a tripartite authenticated key agreement protocol using conjugacy problem which works in a braid group. We have proved that our protocol meet the security attributes under the assumption that the Braid Decomposition Problem (BDP) and the Conjugacy Search Problem (CSP) are hard in braid group.

Signcryption is comparatively new approach in public key cryptography. Signcryption has the virtue to provide the services of digital signature and public key encryption in a single step. So when we compare it in terms of cost and ease of use, signcryption is better than “signature then encryption” (or encryption then signature) approach. So signcryption protocols are obvious choice for WTLS where authentication along with savings of computational overheads is always desired. In this paper we present a signcryption protocol for WTLS using bit commitment scheme with its security analysis.