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Introduction - Rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol are antitubercular drugs that have been licenced by the FDA for the treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections. Antitubercular medicines are drugs that are used to treat tuberculosis. The term "anthelmintic" refers to a medicine used to treat parasitic worm infestations in animals. This comprises both flat and round worms, such as flukes (trematodes) and tapeworms (cestodes) (nematodes). Aim of this study - The primary aim of this research is to develop and validate simple, fast, reliable, robustness and ruggedness analytical procedures for anthelmintics (ALB) and antitubercular (ETH) medicines. Material and Methods - Two CT reagents, iodine and picric acid, were used to produce two simple and somewhat sensitive Albendazole (ALB) and Ethionamide (ETN) techniques. The CT complex with the placebo blank had almost the same absorbance as the reagent blank, indicating that there was no interference by using Systronics model 166 digital spectrophotometer tools. Organic solvents were employed to dissolve all of the chemicals, which were of analytical reagent grade.

Neonatal invasive candidiasis (NIC) has significant morbidity and mortality. Reports have shown a different profile of those neonates affected with NIC and of fluconazole-resistant Candida spp. isolates in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared to high-income countries (HICs). We describe the epidemiology, Candida spp. distribution, treatment, and outcomes of neonates with NIC from LMICs enrolled in a global, prospective, longitudinal, observational cohort study (NeoOBS) of hospitalized infants

The latest advances in the internet and communication areas have resulted in a massive expansion of network size and data. As a result, plenty of new dangers have arisen, making it difficult for network security to identify attacks effectively Furthermore, intruders with the intent of executing innumerable assaults within the network cannot be overlooked. An intrusion detection system (IDS) is a tool that inspects network traffic to verify confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Despite the researchers' best efforts, IDS continues to encounter difficulties in boosting detection accuracy while lowering false alarm rates and detecting fresh intrusions. Machine learning (ML)-based IDS systems have recently been deployed as promising solutions for quickly detecting intrusions across the network. This article defines IDS and then presents a taxonomy based on prominent machine learning techniques used in the construction of network-based IDS (NIDS) systems. The benefits and drawbacks of the proposed solutions are discussed in depth in this detailed evaluation of current NIDS-based studies. The proposed technique, evaluation criteria, and dataset selection are then discussed, as well as recent trends and breakthroughs in ML-based NIDS. We highlighted many research obstacles and recommended future research scope for improving ML-based NIDS using the weaknesses of the proposed approaches.

In the context of Third-Generation Partnership Project Long-Term Evolution (3GPP LTE), the target data rates are 100 Mb/s in downlink and 50 Mb/s in uplink, and other system features include flexible bandwidths and moderate power consumption of mobile terminals. While the previous 3GPP generations, namely, 3G UMTS and 3.5G HSPA, rely on code-division multiple access (CDMA), LTE adopts orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA)-based technologies for its uplink and downlink. Due to high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of OFDMA signals, the single- carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA), also known as discrete Fourier transform (DFT)-spread OFDMA, has been selected for the uplink transmission in 3GPP LTE systems. SC-FDMA has similar throughput performance as OFDMA but with lower PAPR to increase power efficiency and is less sensitive to frequency synchronization errors, which makes it favorable for mobile terminals.

Ultrasound has emerged as an efficient green technology for intensification of lipase-catalyzed processes. These processes are of high significance in the context of renewable fuels synthesis. In this paper, we have attempted to reveal the molecular mechanism of sonication-induced enhancement of lipase-catalysed reactions. Using hybrid quantum mechanics/ molecular mechanics computations, we have initially determined the structure and amino acid composition of the binding pockets of two common lipase enzyme, viz. CALB and TLL. Next, these binding pockets were visualized using softwares PyMOL and VMD to deduce their location in different motifs of the secondary structure of lipases. Finally, the docking analysis of different ligands was performed to reveal the amino acid residues involved for each ligand and the nature of their interactions. Our results revealed that most of the binding pockets are located in the α-helix and random coil motifs of enzyme and binding interactions are of the type hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interactions. Previous literature reports significant rise in α-helix and random coil contents of lipases with sonication. This observation concurs with our analysis, and suggests rise in enzyme activity with sonication due to widening of catalytic cavity and easier accessibility to binding pockets. Thus, our analysis provides molecular-level insight into the sonication-induced enhancement in kinetics and yield of lipase-catalyzed reactions.

Samples with doping of Mn (0, 2, and 4%) in ZnFe2O4 were prepared by sol-gel chemical route at 80oC. X-ray powder diffraction and Raman spectrum analysis were used to determine the preliminary phase of obtained samples. W-H and SSP plots were used to determine the crystallite size and micro-strain of samples. Using zeta potential and scanning electron microscope, the surface charge and morphology of the prepared samples were studied. The optical bandgap of sample suggested that it was semiconducting. The dielectric characteristics of samples were examined as a function of temperature at various frequencies (1 KHz, 10 KHz, 100 KHz, and 1 MHz) (60-600oC). Dielectric study revealed the presence of interfacial and orientational polarization, with dielectric constants and dissipation factors ranging from (0.7–460) to (0.3–0.8), remain thermally stability up to 300oC. In samples ZF-0, ZF-2, and ZF-4, the thermal dependence of DC conductivity demonstrates Arrhenius transport with one, two, and three regions of conduction, respectively. The sources of charge carrier in samples were Vo,e1 defects (Vo - 2FE2+ Fe3+') and (2M3+ Zn2+ - 2FE2+ Fe3+'). The current work could help identify possible applications in semiconductor devices, thermally stable capacitors, and as mixed ionic electronic conductors in solid oxide fuel cells.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of perceived support from family-friendly policies and supervisors on job satisfaction of employees by incorporating work-family conflict as a mediator. Design/methodology/approach Primary data were collected from 369 employees working in different organizations from the service sector in India. Smart PLS software was used to perform partial least square structural equational modeling. Findings The result confirms that both family-friendly policies and supervisor support negatively influences the work-family conflict. Also, work-family conflict partially mediates between family-friendly policies and job satisfaction as well as between supervisor support and job satisfaction. Also, supervisor support directly influences the job satisfaction of the employees. Research limitations/implications Management needs to know the relevance of work-life policies and supervisor support to increase job satisfaction and reduce employees’ work-family conflict. Results will be useful for implementing family-friendly policies and designing training courses for the supervisors. This will make the workplace more family-friendly. Originality/value This study creates value for the employees in meeting their family obligations by reducing their work-family conflict. Organizations are benefited by attracting positive outcomes like satisfied employees, which will, in turn, lead to a more productive and happier workforce. Studies examining the influence of these policies and supervisory support on job satisfaction with work-family conflict as the mediating variable are difficult to find in the Indian context.

Background: Biosynthesis of nanoparticles from aqueous leaf extract of ‘Selaginella bryopteris’ is a green chemistry approach and is considered to be one of the most efficient methods as it is devoid of toxic chemicals as well as provides natural capping agents for the stabilization of synthesized nanoparticles. ‘S.bryopteris’ also known as ‘Sanjeevani’ (in India), is thought to be prospective natural resource that possesses extraordinary pharmaceutical potential. Objective: S. bryopteris is exclusively native to India and has already been known for its expression of stress-associated genes and high levels of protective metabolites of sugars, phenolic compounds, and polyols. Its potential as an antibacterial agent is being elucidated. Methods: Different leaf extract volumes, silver nitrate (AgNO3) concentrations, and reaction time were investigated separately and the optimal conditions for the synthesis of AgNPs were suggested. The resulting AgNPs were characterized by various techniques like Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and XRay Diffraction (XRD). Antibacterial assays were carried out by using both agar disk and well diffusion method. Results: The AgNPs synthesized in this process were found to have efficient antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive as well as Gram-negative bacteria. The antibacterial efficacy of S. bryopteris was consciously tried on uropathogenic Escherichia coli (Gram-negative bacteria) and Bacillus megaterium (Gram-positive bacteria) which have the self-limiting food poisoning potential along with opportunistic uropathogenic bacterial strains namely Proteus mirabilis (Gram-negative bacteria) and a non-pathogenic Micrococcus luteus (Gram-positive bacteria) for comparison. Conclusion: S. bryopteris mediated silver nanoparticles’ synthesis is attempted for being cost-effective, eco-friendly and safe for human therapeutics.

Herein, this work scrutinises the charge transport properties of solution-processed methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI 3 ) perovskite-based hole only device through the DC current-voltage and AC impedance spectroscopy analysis. The device shows a significant increase in the current levels under illumination. Key diode parameters were estimated from the dark I-V curves. The dominance of Ohm's law at low bias, space charge limited conduction (SCLC) followed trap controlled SCLC at higher applied bias was observed from charge transport analysis. From the region dominated by the trap free SCLC, the hole mobility of 4.02 × 10 -6 cm 2 V -1 s -1 inside the perovskite layer was extracted. The measured impedance spectrum was analysed by fitting it with the equivalent circuit model, and the various physical parameters, such as charge transport resistance, recombination resistance and associated capacitance were approximated for the device.

A microgrid (MG) having a wind generator and solar photovoltaic (SPV) array, which functions seamlessly from standalone to grid connected mode. The microgrid has an ability to fulfill the demand of the loads in both the modes. A third order selective tuning filter (TOSTF) based control is used for grid connected mode. This control successfully controls active power flow and mitigates of harmonics. The control approach based on proportional resonant (PR) is used in astandalone mode. Moreover, a dual TOSTF with phase locked loop (PLL) is used for effortless synchronization of the grid. This improves the seamless mode switching by effectively estimating phase angles and frequency during grid voltages unbalance. The microgrid performance and robustness of controls are validated through test results.

Stem cell transplantation in regenerative medicine has been widely used in various disorders including cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and emerging next-generation therapy. However, transplanted stem cell encountered ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury which is a major challenge for stem cell survival. During the acute phase after myocardial infarction (MI) cytokine–rich hostile microenvironment, extensive immune cell infiltration and lack of oxygen have been a bottleneck in cell-based therapy. During prolonged ischemia, intracellular pH and ATP level decrease results in anaerobic metabolism and lactate accumulation. Consequentially, ATPase-dependent ion transport becomes dysfunctional, contributing to calcium overload and cell death by apoptosis and necrosis. Although O2 level revitalizes upon reperfusion, a surge in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) occurs with neutrophil infiltration in ischemic tissues further aggravating the injury. Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) of stem cells with a repeated short cycle of IR results in the release of chemical signals such as NO, ROS, and adenosine which triggers a cascade of signaling events that activates protein kinase C (PKC), Src protein tyrosine kinases, and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and subsequently increased synthesis of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), Heme oxygenase-1 [HO-1], aldose reductase, Mn superoxide dismutase, and anti-apoptotic genes (Mcl-1, BCl-xL, c-FLIPL, c-FLIPS). Pharmacological preconditioning uses a phosphodiestrase inhibitor, another mode of protecting stem cell or heart per se from impending ischemic injury in two phases. During the early phase of cardioprotection (2 h), PC leads to increased expression of survival factors like BCl2/Bax ratio while late phase (24 h) showed activation of the JAK/STAT survival pathway. Phosphorylation of STAT3 at two crucial residues, Tyr-705 and Ser-727, allows its entry inside the nucleus and upregulates the expression of protein kinase G-1 (PKG1) which evokes cardioprotective signaling. To confirm, heart-specific conditional STAT3 knockout mice undergone IR surgery, abolishing late-phase cardioprotective effects.

The nonconventional energy sources based microgrid increases the reliability and sustainability of supply. This work presents a system having a wind and solar Photovoltaic (PV) along with battery energy storage (BES) with seamless transition capability from grid connected (GC) to islanded (IL) and vice-versa. The disruptions and uncertainties of MG in grid connected mode are managed by a combined generalized complex filter (CGCF) based control. CGCF solves the issues like fluctuations, DC offset, imbalance in voltage, swell/sag produced by the system. To control the MG in an IL mode, the proportional resonant combine with resonant ( $\text{PR}+\mathrm{R}$ ) based control algorithm is used. For synchronization of the grid, a dual CGCF (DCGCF) is cascaded with phase locked loop (PLL) is used. During various operating conditions, the performance of system is found satisfactory.

A three phase three wire based microgrid (MG) consisting of permanent magnet brushless DC generator (PMBLDC) based wind energy conversion system (WECS) is demonstrated in this paper. This paper presents the performance enhancement of a non conventional energy system (NCE) based microgrid for the seamless grid synchronization. This paper presents dynamic controls for grid connected and islanded modes of operation. For grid connected mode (GCM), a quadrature third order generalized integrator and frequency locked loop and multilayer harmonic decoupling network (QTOGI-FLL-MHDN) based control algorithm is used. The problems like voltage imbalance, DC offset, swell/sag, fluctuation in power produced by WECS, are successfully taken care by QTOGI-FLL-MHDN. The quadrature component of load fundamental is extracted with QTOGI-FLL-MHDN. For standalone mode (SAM), a resonant and proportional resonant (R+PR) control is presented. For the synchronization technique to perfectly track the phase and frequency, a dual TOGI (DTOGI) is combining with the phase locked loop (PLL). This improves the system response under frequency deviation. During frequency variation, it effectively follows the voltages of the grid and the load and it is adjustable to different conditions of grid. Total harmonic distortions (THDs) of are in the boundaries of the IEEE-519 standard.

For the seamless grid synchronization, this paper presents the performance enhancement of a nonconventional energy based microgrid (MG). A robust control approach is used for wind energy conversion system (WECS) and a battery energy storage (BES) based nonconventional energysystem (NES) with seamless changeover proficiency from grid connected (GC) to an islanded (IL) mode and grid reconnected (GR) mode. The unknown disruptions and uncertainties of NCES in GC mode are taken care by selective self tuning complex filter (SSTCF). The concern like power fluctuations, DC offset, unbalance in voltage produced by WECS, are successfully taken care by SSTCF. This algorithm is dedicated for the evaluating of quadrature sinusoidal fundamental component (Q-SFC). It improves overall system performance as it operates adequately in steady state and transient conditions. To control the NES in an IL mode, a control algorithm is used based on the proportionalplus resonant (P+R) control. A dual SSTFC (DSSTFC) is combining to phase locked loop (PLL) and develops DSSTFC-PLL for precise and smooth synchronization and resynchronization of grid. DSSTFC-PLL improves system performance without affecting the stability. During frequency variation, it effectively follows the voltages of the grid and the load and it is adjustable to different conditions of grid. Moreover, total harmonic distortions (THDs) of the load and grid parameters are in the limits of the IEEE-519 standard.

This research focuses on the viability of removing basic dye methylene blue (MB) from water solutions by the application of sugarcane bagasse (SCB), an economic natural biosorbent. Batch e...

The consequences of earthquakes cannot be underemphasized as more than 60% of the land area falls under seismic zones having intensity VII and above (MMI scale). This paper aims at having a comparative analysis of various parameters of two models that tested on a shake table and field. Model 1 has circular concentric ring of elastoplastic material at the foundation and Model 2 has a conventional circular foundation.

The non conventional energy generation is a cleaner alternative of greener AC microgrid. This paper presents the performance enhancement of a non conventional energy based microgrid for the seamless grid synchronization. A robust control strategy is used for wind energy conversion system (WECS) and battery energy storage (BES) based nonconventional energy system (NCES) with seamless changeover proficiency from an islanded (IL) mode to the grid-connected (GC) mode and grid reconnected (GR) mode. The NCES has a capability to feed the load both in GC and IL modes and it operates smoothly during mode shifting from IL to GC and GC to IL. The unknown disturbances and ambiguity of NCES in GC mode are taken care by multilayer harmonic decoupling network based quadrature fourth order complex filter (MHDN-QFOCF). The issues like fluctuation in power, DC offset, voltage unbalance, swell/sag produced by WECS, are successfully taken care by MHDN- QFOCF. . With the help of this algorithm, the l quadrature sinusoidal fundamental component (Q-SFC) is extracted. It improves overall system capability of power flow. To control the NCES in an IL mode, the proportional plus resonant (P+R) based control algorithm is used. A dual fourth order complex filter (DFOCF) is combining to phase locked loop (PLL) and develops DFOCF-PLL for precise and smooth synchronization and resynchronization of grid. DFOCF-PLL improves system performance without affecting the stability. During frequency variation, it effectively follows the voltages of the grid and the load and it is adjustable to different conditions of grid. Moreover, total harmonic distortions (THDs) of the load and grid parameters are in the limits of the IEEE-519 standard.

This paper presents a robust and comprehensive seventh order complex filter (7thOCF) based control for solar photovoltaic (SPV) based nonconventional energy system (NES) with seamless changeover proficiency from different modes i.e, from the grid connected (GC) to an islanded (IL) mode. In GC mode of NES operation, this conquers the problem of poor grid conditions. The NES has a capability to feed the load both in GC and IL modes and it operates smoothly during mode shifting between modes. The unknown disturbances of NES in grid connected mode are taken care by the 7thOCF. With the help of this algorithm, the quadrature sinusoidal fundamental component (Q-SFC) is extracted. For control of the NES in an islanded mode, a control algorithm is used which based on the resonant controller plus proportional resonant (R+PR) control. A dual seventh order complex filter (D7thOCF) is combining to phase locked loop (PLL) for smooth synchronization and resynchronization to the grid. Without affecting the stability, it improves performance of the system. Simulated results are presented to demonstrate the performance of the NES and validate the robustness and effectiveness of control schemes. Moreover, total harmonic distortions (THDs) of the load and grid parameters are in the limits of the IEEE-519 standard.

This work presents an adaptive control approach of solar Photovoltaic (PV) based nonconventional energy system (NCES) with seamless changeover proficiency from an islanded mode (ILM) to grid-connected mode (GCM). The NCES has a capability to feed the load both in GCM and ILM and it operates smoothly during mode shifting from IL to GC and vice-versa. The unknown disruptions and uncertainties of NCES in GC mode are taken care by proportional plus multilayer modified third order sinusoidal signals integrator (P+M3rdOSSI) with multilayer harmonic decoupling network (MHDN). The concern like power fluctuations, DC offset, unbalance in voltage are successfully taken care by P+M3rdOSSI with MHDN. With the help of this algorithm, the sinusoidal quadrature fundamental component (SQFC) is extracted and reduces computational time. At the point of linkage (POL), the power quality gets improve with this control. It improves overall system performance as it operates adequately in steady state and transient conditions. To control the NCES in an ILM, the proportional plus resonant (P+R) based control algorithm is used. The steady state error gets reduced and system become robust with the help of $\mathrm{P}+\mathrm{R}$ based controller as compared to conventional PI control method, and hence zero steady-state error is achieve. A dual quadrature second order generalized integrator (DQSOGI) based PLL is used for precise and smooth synchronization and resynchronization of grid. DQSOGI based PLL improves system performance without affecting the stability. During frequency variation, it effectively follows the voltages of the grid and the load and it is adjustable to different conditions of grid. Moreover, total harmonic distortions (THDs) of the load and grid parameters are in the limits of the IEEE-519 standard.

For the seamless synchronization of grid, this work presents the performance enhancement of a nonconventional energy based microgrid. A robust control approach is used for Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) and a battery energy storage (BES) based renewable energy system (RNES) with seamless changeover proficiency from grid connected mode (GCM) to the standalone mode (SAM) and grid reconnected mode (GRM). The RNES has a capability to feed the load both in GCM and SAM modes and it operates smoothly during mode shifting from SAM to GCM and GCM to SAM. The unknown disruptions and uncertainties of microgrid in GCM are taken care by a Multilayer Harmonic Decoupling Network (MHDN) based modified multilayer fifth order generalized integrator with an adaptive frequency locked loop (MMVthOGI-AFLL) based control. The concern like power fluctuations, DC offset, unbalance in voltage produced by RNES in GCM, are successfully taken care by MMVthOGI-AFLL with MHDN. With the help of this algorithm, the sinusoidal quadrature fundamental component (SQFC) is extracted and reduces computational time unlike the conventional SOGI. To control the NCES in an IL mode, a control algorithm is used based on the proportional plus resonant (P+R) control. The steady state error gets reduced and system become robust with the help of P+R based controller. Simulated results have been presented to demonstrate the performance of the NCES and validate the robustness and effectiveness of control schemes. Moreover, total harmonic distortions (THDs) of the load and grid parameters are in the limits of the IEEE-519 standard.

This paper deals with the dynamic and robust control strategy of SPV (Solar Photovoltaic) based nonconventional energy system (NCES) with seamless transition capabilities from an islanded (IL) mode to the grid-connected (GC) mode. It precisely transfers the power to the loads when NCES changes its mode of operation i.e. from IL to GC and vice-versa. In this work, a mixed third and fourth order complex filter (MTFOCF) based control algorithm is presented to control the NCES in GC mode. This control provides DC offset rejection along with harmonics elimination capability. This control performs well at scenario like DC offset, voltage unbalance, swell/sag and regulates power regardless of the load. This algorithm takes care of the problem of poor power quality at the grid and is used for the extraction of sinusoidal fundamental component (SFC) with reduced burden and with an ability of noise rejection unlike the conventional methods. It reduces computation time. Thus, it improves overall system capability of power flow. In IL mode, the proportional resonant (P+R) with SRF based control algorithm is presented to control NCES. For fast and smooth grid synchronization or resynchronization MTFOCF is enforced to phase locked loop (PLL) and established MTFOCF-PLL. MTFOCF-PLL precisely tracks the voltages of the grid even under large frequency variations and it is adaptable to various grid conditions. The system performance of different modes of operation of NCES and effectiveness of control algorithms are simulated at various conditions. The total harmonics distortions (THDs) of the grid and load parameters, are found within the IEEE-519 standard

This paper deals with the dynamic and robust control strategy of a grid tied SPV (Solar Photovoltaic) based renewable energy system (RES) that ensures good performance of power flow. It also ensures proper injection of power into the grid. The multilayer third order sinusoidal signals integrator (MTOSSI) based control algorithm conquers the problem of poor grid conditions. This control is used for the extraction of fundamental component (FC) with reduced burden. This control provides sinusoidal FC with an ability of noise rejection and reduces error less than conventional third order sinusoidal signal integrator (TOSSI). It reduces computation time and improves the quadrature fundamental component (QFC) performance. Thus it improves the overall system capability of power flow. For managing the reactive power, AIDMSOGI-QSG-FLL based control algorithm is used. AIDMSOGI-QSG-FLL is used for calculation of positive sequence and negative sequence of fundamental components with the help of PNSC (Positive-Negative Signal Calculator). The source currents and the power quality are balanced and unaffected even under different unbalance conditions, which make the system robust and reliable. The total harmonic distortions of grid currents are observed within the IEEE-519 standard.

Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs) are prominent alternative devices to conventional p-n junction silicon based solar cells because of their low fabrication cost and high power conversion efficiency, good cost/efficiency ratio. In the present work, DSSC devices were made-up with fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) glass substrate, a TiO2 compact layer was deposited on FTO, Ruthenium(II) dye (N719), an iodide - triiodide electrolyte and a platinum (Pt) counter electrode. Photo anode with thin film layers of TiO2 and Pt counter electrode (photo-cathode) were prepared. Field emission electron microscope (FESEM) was employed to investigate the surface morphology of TiO2 layers. The DSSC device efficiency was evaluated by J-V characteristics. Fabricated devices were exhibited high power conversion efficiencies. The electrochemical impedance characteristics were analyzed by fitting the experimental results to the corresponding electrical equivalent circuit simulated data.

Objective: To evaluate the shear bond strength of stainless steel brackets bonded with fluoride-releasing composite resins, comparing effect of adhesion booster and conventional primer.Materials & Method: Sixty extracted premolars were subjected to bracket bonding with fluoride-releasing composite resin; which were bonded by randomly divided into two groups of bonding agents: Group 1- conventional primer as control group, Group 2- adhesion booster. After bonding, the samples were thermocycled (500 cycles) at 5ºC and 55ºC temperatures. After 48 hours they were subjected to shear bond strength testing in occluso-gingival direction, using an MTS 810 Universal Testing Machine with load speed of 0.5 mm/min.Result: Mean shear bond strength was significantly more in samples bonded with adhesion booster (14.792±3.805 Mpa) as compared to conventional primers (11.327±4.047 Mpa). There was statistically significant difference in shear bond strength between the groups (p=0.001).Conclusion: The use of the adhesion booster significantly increased the bond strength of bracket bonded with fluoride-releasing composite.

The dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have been eyed as a potential alternative to the expensive silicon-based solar cells. However, most high-performing DSSCs employ ruthenium (Ru) bipyridyl derivatives dye as a photosensitizer, which is costly and toxic. In this research, low-cost eco-friendly alternative dye materials, namely harda fruit-based natural dye and direct dye (fabric dye) were investigated for application in the DSSCs. Field emission scanning electron microscopy, Raman, and X-ray diffraction studies have been performed to gain insight into morphological, structural, and crystalline properties of photosensitizers. The DSSCs based on the natural dye and fabric dye was successfully demonstrated with 3.52% and 0.80% efficiency, respectively. The analysis of photovoltaic parameters reveals that the superior performance of a natural dye-based DSSC results from the better morphological and crystalline properties of the natural dye-based sensitizers. The decent performance shown by a natural dye-based DSSC in the work is expected to propel the research in the area of natural dye-based DSSCs.

For electricity production with zero emission Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) shows a great potential having a low cost fabrication solar cell devices. In this research, we have used two types of modified titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles as photoanodes for DSSC, such as commercial TiO2 paste, and synthesis TiO2 paste. These TiO2 compact layers were coated on FTO (Fluorine doped Tin Oxide) coated conductive glass substrates using doctor blade technique. Then, a freshly prepared solution of iodide – triiodide, and Ruthenium (II) dye (N719), were used as electrolyte and the dye, respectively. A platinum (Pt) coated FTO was used as a counter electrode. The J-V characteristics for all the devices were obtained under light evaluating their performance and to calculate the power conversion efficiency.

This paper reports the fabrication and characterization of bulk heterojunction inverted structured organic solar cell devices (OSC) with the architecture of ITO/ZnO/PTB7:PC70BM/MoO3/Ag. The photovoltaic properties of OSC were examined through the analysis of various photovoltaic parameters, which includes the external quantum efficiency, short circuit current density (Jsc), and open circuit voltage (Voc). The inverted structured OSC device showed the efficiency of 5.87 %. The achieved efficiency can be attributed to the better light harvesting capability, improved interfacial properties and improved charge collection efficiency. The AC impedance technique was employed to extract internal parameters of the fabricated devices. The obtained impedance curves evidently exhibit high-quality correlation between the obtained data and the curve fitting data.

Exploring the cost-effective alternative materials to replace the synthetic dyes for application in dye sensitized solar cells (DSSC) could help in reducing the overall cost of the devices. Herein, we investigate two cost-effective textile dyes, namely hot reactive dye and vat dye for application in the DSSC. Morphology, domain size, and crystalline phase of the TiO2 nanoparticles in dye loaded TiO2 films are examined in detail by FESEM and X-ray diffraction measurements. Modifications in the absorption spectra of dyes upon adsorption into TiO2 are investigated by UV–Vis analysis. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis allows us to identify the various functional groups present in the dyes. By comparing the photovoltaic performance, we found that hot reactive dye based DSSC yield power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 1.20%, which is significantly higher than the vat dye based DSSC (0.51%). This is mainly due to superior short-circuit current density (Jsc) and open circuit voltage generated in the hot reactive dye relative to the vat dye based DSSC. The higher Jsc in the hot reactive dye-based device is mainly attributed to the favorable morphology, better crystallinity and superior absorption features of hot reactive dye coated TiO2 film. However, a slightly less fill factor is noticed for hot reactive dye-based devices owing to the lesser shunt resistance in comparison to the vat dye-based device. Although the PCE attained by these devices is far below that of standard DSSC, the present study can be helpful in the development of more eco-friendly and cost-effective solar cells.

This work investigates active layer thickness dependence of the morphology, crystallinity and optoelectronic performance of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite-based planar heterojunction photodiodes (PDs). Surface morphology, average grain size, and crystalline size were monotonically improved with increasing the perovskite film thickness. However, the device performance was dramatically affected by enlarging the perovskite film thickness. Increasing the perovskite film thickness from 300 nm to 450 nm initially raised the device performance from (detectivity (D): 8.13 x 1010 Jones) to (D: 1.42 x 1012 Jones), as a result of the reduced recombination losses and improved charge transport properties due to the superior surface morphology, larger grain size and improved crystallinity. Nevertheless, the performance drops again (D: 2.0x1011 Jones) when the thickness was increased to 600 nm, which can be attributed to reduced absorbance, increased charge recombination and the reduced collection efficiency. An unexpected reduction in absorbance and exceptionally poor charge collection efficiency can be possibly related to the remnant excess PbI2, as inferred from x-ray diffraction analysis.

This paper presents control strategies of voltage and frequency controller (VFC's) for an isolated asynchronous generator for wind energy system. Magnitude of voltage and frequency changes because of changing load and because of wind speed variation. The main confront in operation of isolated asynchronous generators are to provide unobstructed electricity with synchronized frequency and voltage under variation in consumer load and wind speeds. The capability of VFCs are established to authenticate its operation as a neutral current compensator, phase balancer, load balancer and an active filter with a VFC. Therefore, different control strategies with an improved voltage and frequency controller together with an energy storage system is used to make voltage constant and frequency constant at different load and different wind speed. It has been observed that control strategy with estimation has surpassed the performance of control strategy without estimation in terms of less requirement of current sensors.

Drought stress is one of the major constraints that greatly limit the productivity of wheat worldwide. Deciphering the molecular basis of drought tolerance can help in combating drought stress. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to determine genetic diversity among six drought tolerant and six drought sensitive varieties of wheat. Out of 15 ISSR primers used, 14 primers gave reproducible banding pattern. These 14 primers generated 191 amplified products out of which 93 were polymorphic. Overall size of PCR amplified products ranged between 400 bp and 4000 bp. Based on similarity matrix data, the value of similarity coefficient ranged from 0.70 to 0.94. Cluster analysis discriminated the wheat varieties into two major clusters, one consisted of drought tolerant varieties and the other had all drought sensitive varieties. The present study showed that ISSR markers provide a valuable tool to study genetic variability in wheat varieties.