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With increase in average age of population and increasing trend of nuclear families, old age homes are fast becoming a norm in India. The COVID-19 pandemic has made nutritionists revisit the health status of our elderly living in different family set ups. The present study was carried out with the objective to compare the health and risk of malnutrition among elderly (? 60 yrs in age) living in three different residential set ups i.e. old age homes, urban family or rural family. The study was carried out in Hisar district of Haryana state in Northern India. In this cross-sectional study, sixty subjects each (N=180) from the three residential set ups were selected randomly and assessed for depression, level of independence in daily activities and risk for malnutrition. Standard scales viz. Geriatric Depression Scale, Barthel Index and Mini Nutritional Assessment Scale were used. The PAR (Physical Activity Ratio) values for activities performed in a day were aggregated over the period i.e. 24 hours to yield physical activity level. It was observed that respondents from rural family set up were more active as compared to their counterparts in urban family set up or old age homes. Osteoporosis (94.44%), joint pain (87.78%), loss of appetite (85.56%) and anemia (80.56%) were the most commonly reported problems. Per cent prevalence of most problems was higher in old age home respondents. The level of independence for most activities was lowest in old age home respondents as compared to other two residential set ups. Depression was evident in 36.67 per cent of total respondents with higher per cent prevalence in residents of old age home. It may be concluded that elderly people from old age homes have higher risk of malnutrition and depression as compared to urban or rural family setup. Interventions are highly recommended for mental and nutritional well-being of elderly specially those living in old age homes. Considering the increasing trend of old age homes, deeper studies are required on their living conditions. There should be stringent SOP’s for all old age homes and elderly care.

Cloud computing is a platform for dynamically enhancing capabilities and increasing potentialities without requiring the addition of new hardware, employees, or software. Additionally, cloud computing began as a business notion and later became a successful IT innovation. Concerns have been expressed about the security of the cloud environment, though, considering that the cloud contains a lot of information about people and businesses. Although cloud computing has received a lot of attention, clients are still hesitant to move their businesses there. However, the only significant issue preventing greater adoption of cloud computing is a lack of protection. Additionally, the market is wary about cloud computing due to the intricacy with which it controls data protection and confidentiality. When used in a cloud context, the cloud model architecture jeopardises the security of current technology. Therefore, cloud service customers should be aware of the risks associated with uploading data into this novel environment. Therefore, several areas of cryptography that endanger cloud computing are examined in this work. This paper provides an overview of the specific security concerns that using cryptography in a cloud computing system raises.

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR associated nuclease 9 (CRISPR-Cas9) system was instigated first into eukaryotes in the last ten years are becoming productive and worldwide application for genome modification. Genome engineering through insertion of foreign DNA insert have numerous disadvantages which could be overcome by use of DNA-free genome editing. Various ways of DNA-free genome editing mediated by CRISPR/Cas systems are CRISPR/Cas delivery as ribonucleoprotein, delivery of CRISPR/Cas as virus-like particles and agrobacterium-based delivery of CRISPR/Cas. Crop improvement through DNA-free genome editing via CRISPR/Cas have been applied in rice, wheat, maize, tomato, soybean and rare species like Nicotiana benthamiana etc. It is method of choice for precise genome editing without genome shuffle in an organism.

The purpose of this study is to examine how different image processing techniques may be used to identify leaf disease. To identify and classify plant leaf diseases, different algorithms may be used to digital image processing, which is a quick, reliable, and accurate approach. Classifiers and support vector machines for illness classification are among the strategies presented in this study effort that have been employed by several authors to identify disease. Our research primarily focuses on the evaluation of several methods for detecting leaf disease and also gives an overview of various image processing methods. Fruit disease is also discussed in this study as a potentially disastrous issue that has the potential to harm both the economy and the agricultural industry. Because of technological advances, advanced image processing algorithms have recently been created to help identify contaminated fruit that was previously detected by hand. There are two stages: the first is for training, and the second is a testing phase. Data on infected and uninfected fruit is collected during the training phase, and during the testing phase, it is determined whether or not the fruit has been infected, and if so, by which disease. The various methods currently in use to identify infected fruit are examined in this piece of research. Farmers benefit from the use of these methods since they assist to identify fruit disease in its earliest stages.

Aim: The study was planned to evaluate Indian traditional sweet ‘Laddoo’ supplemented with germinated pumpkin seed flour. Study Design: The traditional recipe was supplemented by replacing the whole wheat flour and bengalgram flour with 10, 20 and 30% of germinated pumpkin seed flour. The developed products were subjected to organoleptic and nutritional evaluation. The results were subjected to statistical analysis using ANOVA. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried in Department of Foods & Nutrition and was part of doctoral research work carried out between 2017-19. Methodology: Sensory evaluation of developed products was carried out using 9-point hedonic scale. The samples were further analysed for moisture, ash, crude fat, crude protein and crude fiber, total, soluble and insoluble dietary fiber, total and available minerals using standard methods. Results: The supplementation resulted in a significant (P≤0.05) increase in ash, crude fat, crude protein and crude fiber while total carbohydrates decreased. The supplemented product had crude protein ranging from 19.39-25.59 g; crude fibre 2.21 -3.24 g and ash 5.70-8.19 g/100 g at different levels of incorporation as against 16.53, 1,64 and 3.66 g/100 g respectively in control product. Significant increase was observed in mineral content also. The supplemented products had calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron, potassium and phosphorus ranging from 63.47-95.46, 132.63-133.58, 3.58-7.51, 6.49-11.33, 639.53-884.34 and 343.32-356.63 mg/100 g on dry matter basis. The developed products were acceptable to judges. Conclusion: Incorporation of germinated pumpkin seed flour significantly (P≤0.05) improved the nutrient and mineral profile of whole wheat flour Bengal flour Laddoo. Such developed products can be very useful in combating the macronutrient and micronutrients deficiency problem in population of all age groups.

Mangoes are naturally very rich subtropical fruit with unique flavor, fragrance, taste and health promoting compounds like phytochemicals which consists of carotenoids, phenolic, alkaloids, nitrogen containing compounds and organo sulphur. Out of which carotenoids and phenolic are most important healthy ingredients. The different cultivars popularly available in Bihar are – Amrapali, Maldah, Jardalu and Sinduri. Amrapali and Maldah cultivars are very popular in North Bihar as well as Central Bihar while Jardalu is famous particularly in Bhagalpur (Vikramshila region). Sinduri cultivar of mango is common in South Bihar. All the four cultivars of mango were collected and investigated for carotenoids, phenolics, reducing sugar and other parameters in the peels and pulps of green mature (GM) stage and fully ripe (FR) stages of all the cultivars. Carotenoids contents and phenolic contents in all the four cultivars of mangoes were analyzed by solvent extraction method followed by spectrophotometric method. Among the different mango cultivars Amrapali contains the highest amount of carotenoids which is about 27 mg/100g followed by Maldah containing about 22.34 mg/100g. Jardalu and Sinduri cultivars contains 20.45 mg/100g and 21.67 mg/100g respectively. With respect to total phenolic again Amrapali cultivar is found to be the richest with 78mg GAE/100g in its peel. Maldah and Jardalu have almost the same content of phenolics with 40; 44 mg GAE/100 g and 300; 305.49 mg GAE/100g of their pulp and peels respectively. The Sinduri cultivar has been found to possess the lowest content of total phenolics with 30.29 mg GAE/100 g and 269.85 mg GAE/100 g of its pulp and peels respectively. For all the cultivars peels were found with greater contents of phenolics than that of pulp but for Amrapali and Maldah the carotenoids content were found less in their peels than their pulp, but for the rest two varieties the carotenoids content is slightly greater in peels than pulp.

Study was carried out on two hundred school going adolescents, aged between thirteen and seventeen years. Dietary intake of all the subjects was recorded for three consecutive days by ‘24 Hour Recall Method’. Study revealed that the daily mean intake of cereals, pulses, green leafy vegetables, roots tubers, other vegetables, fruits, milk & milk products, fats & oils, and sugar & jaggery was significantly lower (p≤0.05) than the recommended RDIs values in the daily diet of both males and females of both the age group (13-15 years and 16-17 years) of government and private schools. Furthermore, there was significant (p≤0.05) difference between the daily mean dietary intake of government and private school adolescents. Except cereals, pulses, roots & tubers and sugar & jaggery the adequacy ratio was below 50 per cent for all food groups in majority of government school respondents. However, majority of private school respondents met the adequacy by 75 -99.9 per cent of all food groups except green leafy vegetables which was below 50 per cent. In order to improve the current dietary pattern of school going adolescents there is an urgent need of imparting focused nutrition education programmes among the school going youth and their parents.

Plasmodium falciparum, the human malaria parasite harbors a metastable proteome which is vulnerable to proteotoxic stress conditions encountered during its lifecycle. How parasite's chaperone machinery is able to maintain its aggregation-prone proteome in functional state, is poorly understood. As HSP70–40 system forms the central hub in cellular proteostasis, we investigated the protein folding capacity of PfHSP70-1 and PfHSP40 chaperone pair and compared it with human orthologs (HSPA1A and DNAJA1). Despite the structural similarity, we observed that parasite chaperones and their human orthologs exhibit striking differences in conformational dynamics. Comprehensive biochemical investigations revealed that PfHSP70-1 and PfHSP40 chaperone pair has better protein folding, aggregation inhibition, oligomer remodeling and disaggregase activities than their human orthologs. Chaperone-swapping experiments suggest that PfHSP40 can also efficiently cooperate with human HSP70 to facilitate the folding of client-substrate. SPR-derived kinetic parameters reveal that PfHSP40 has higher binding affinity towards unfolded substrate than DNAJA1. Interestingly, the observed slow dissociation rate of PfHSP40-substrate interaction allows PfHSP40 to maintain the substrate in folding-competent state to minimize its misfolding. Structural investigation through small angle x-ray scattering gave insights into the conformational architecture of PfHSP70-1 (monomer), PfHSP40 (dimer) and their complex. Overall, our data suggest that the parasite has evolved functionally diverged and efficient chaperone machinery which allows the human malaria parasite to survive in hostile conditions. The distinct allosteric landscapes and interaction kinetics of plasmodial chaperones open avenues for the exploration of small-molecule based antimalarial interventions.

In the present study extrudates were prepared to identify the optimum machine parameters and prepare good quality ready to eat extruded snacks from a suitable blend of sattu and kodo Extrusion aims at producing a voluminous, expanded, crispy product resembling a baked product. The increase in proportion of sattu and die head temperature increases the water absorption index. The water absorption index achieved a maximum value of 58.5% and a minimum value of 48.7%. The bulk density increases with the increase in moisture content increases in proportion of sattu and the increase in barrel temperature with decrease in die head temperature and increase in screw speed. The bulk density achieved a maximum value of 0.60 g/mm3 and a minimum value of 0.46 g/mm3.

Although many quinolones have shown promise as potent antimalarials, their clinical development has been slow due to poor performance in vivo. Insights into structural modifications that can improve their therapeutic potential will be very valuable in this vibrant area of research. Our studies involving a library of quinolones which vary in substitution pattern at N1, C3, C6 and C7 positions have shown that the presence of adenine moiety at C7 can bring a noticeable improvement in activity compared to other heterocyclic groups at this location. The most potent compound emerged from this study showed IC50 values of 0.38 μM and 0.75 μM against chloroquine-sensitive and -resistant (W2) strains, respectively. Docking analysis in the Qo site of cytochrome bc1 complex revealed the contribution of a key H-bonding interaction from the adenine unit in target binding. This corroborates with compound-induced loss of mitochondrial functions. These findings not only open avenues for further exploration of antimalarial potential of adenine-modified quinolones, but also suggests broader opportunities during lead-optimization against other antimalarial targets.

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR associated nuclease 9 (CRISPR-Cas9) system is a rapid technology for gene editing. CRISPR-Cas9 is an RNA guided gene editing tool where Cas9 acts as endonuclease by cutting the target DNA strand. Double Stranded Breaks (DBS) can be repaired by non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) and homology-directed repair (HDR). The NHEJ employs DNA ligase IV to rejoin the broken ends which cause insertion or deletion mutations, whereas HDR repairs the DSBs based on a homologous complementary template and results in perfect repair of broken ends. CRISPR-Cas9 impart diverse advantageous features in contrast with the conventional methods. In this review article, we have discussed CRISPR-Cas9 based genome editing along with its mechanism of action and role in crop improvement.

Some ripe mangoes were collected from the mango orchard located at Digha in Patna district, in Patna of Bihar. The pulp and peels of these mangoes were separated and they were lyophilized and stored at 20°C and thereafter they were analyzed separately for total phenolics in the pulp and the peels of these mangoes of Maldah Cultivar (principle). The total content of phenolics in the pulp and peels of the ripe Maldah mangoes were estimated using folin-ciocatten reagent at 75 nm in an UV-Vis Spectrophotometer using galic acid for expressing the standard curve and subsequently the total result was expressed as mg GAE (Galic Acid Equivalent/100g of fresh weight). Surprisingly the result shows the greater content of phenolics in peels in respect of the pulps.

Late leaf spot (LLS) is the major foliar disease, which often occur with rust and cause severe yield losses worldwide in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). In order to map and introgress the resistance alleles for LLS into an elite cultivar ICGS 76, the advanced backcross approach was used for identification of quantitative trait locus (QTL). The synthetic amphidiploid ISATGR 278–18 (A. duranensis ICG 8138 × A. batizocoi ICG 13160) which is known to harbor resistance alleles for foliar diseases was used as donor parent to generate AB-QTL population comprising of 164 introgression lines (ILs). A linkage map with 114 microsatellite markers was developed spanning 746.15 cM distance with an average inter-marker distance of 6.55 cM. QTL analysis yielded 14 main-effect QTLs (mQTLs) (explaining up to 38.58% PVE) for LLS and 10 mQTLs (up to 10.99% PVE) for rust. In addition, four epistatic QTLs (eQTLs) (explaining up to 4.97% PVE) were observed for foliar diseases. Furthermore, seven mQTLs and 16 eQTLs were observed for agronomic traits. Several ILs showed high resistance to LLS with agronomic attributes from recurrent parent. This study reports the utilization of the untapped resistance source for LLS from A. batizocoi that was not extensively used earlier in peanut crop improvement.

One of the widely used models in Machine Learning is an Artificial Neural Network. Ingenuous and legitimate results are the utmost need of every model. These models work like a black box, and no factor as trust is considered. Machine Learning algorithms are stuck with the risk of relying on biases encoded in the data or algorithms used for predictions. Prejudice or Bias is the root cause of the poor performance of the model. A novel approach is proposed, named legitANN, which has used three levels of bias control and an AvgNew loss function to make the model legitimate and reliable. Median Absolute deviation is a statistical measure that can guarantee the learning of neural networks to achieve unbiased robustness. Median Absolute deviation used here to prove the effectiveness of the method legitANN. The work proved that feed forward neural network is better at approximating. But for uniformly dense sets or preprocessed data, a radial basis network may be a right choice. This paper presents legitANN a new model that work on bias control using radial basis network and achieve better performance in comparison to other Artificial Neural Network in terms of improved evaluation metrics values for link prediction.

Polarimetric SAR (PolSAR) has been widely used as an active imaging remote sensing technique to characterize manmade and natural features. The PolSAR data needs to be corrected from the polarimetric distortions to minimize the ambiguities for the accurate information retrieval of scatterers. The present work is focused on the minimization of system-induced and atmosphere-induced errors from PolSAR data. A new software Polarimetric SAR Calibration & Processing Tool v1.0 (PSCP v1.0) has been introduced for processing of fully polarimetric and hybrid polarimetric SAR data. The PSCP v1.0, a software tool will be available for the scientific community to calibrate and process the fully polarimetric and the hybrid polarimetric space borne and airborne SAR data of current and future missions of ISRO, India and also for other space agencies.

Past few years, there has been keen interest over computation power and scalability of the computer system. The computation power can be increased massively in two ways either in terms of optimizing hardware by increasing the number of processor (nodes) or in terms of optimizing software by structuring the program in such a way that the large task is subdivided into independent subtasks (load). The scheduling and mapping of tasks on the set of processors has significant role in parallel and distributed computing system. The scheduling problem involves assigning a balanced task to each processor according to its performance capabilities. It also minimizes communication overhead in the network. To speed up computation power, a linearly scalable triplet based multiprocessor architecture (network) has been proposed here. It has been designed to meet the current trends in achieving high computation power in multiprocessor architecture. It allows the extension of the network by adding new subsystems of three processors at a time which increases the parallel computation. The properties and task Allocation algorithm of proposed model has been discussed deeply. By discussion and comparison authors come to the conclusion that proposed model is better and is need of the time.