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Background: Pregnancy induced hypertension, preeclampsia, eclampsia are serious complications of pregnancy. They are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the world and one of the leading causes for perinatal mortality also. It is the systemic disease affecting all vital organs including the fetus. Estimation of biochemical markers can give us the indication of the severity and prediction of the outcome. Serum uric acid is the end product of purine metabolism, amongst others like creatinine, LDH, transaminases. Methods: It was a type of prospective descriptive study. The present study was conducted in department of obstetrics and gynecology, Tertiary care hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. Results: Pregnancy induced hypertension was most common in age group of 20-25 years, most common complication was preterm delivery which accounts for 43% of maternal complications. 60% of the cases with IUFD had serum uric acid level 8-8.9 mg/dl, 3% of the patients had HELLP syndrome. Conclusions: We found severity of complication associated with raise in serum uric acid levels.

Background: Cancer is a group of illnesses characterised by the impartial increase and unfolding of somatic cells. A variety of natural compounds, such as curcumin, zingiberine and their composites, and synthetic organic derivatives of imidazole, benzothiazole, oxadiazole, quinazoline etc., have been developed as anticancer agents. But many of these show various side effects, drug resilience, and toxicity to the normal cells of the host body. Therefore, there is still demand to develop new synthetic derivatives to improve their pharmacological profile. Objective: The Aim of this study is to understand the binding mode and to check the drug likeliness of numerous 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives as EGFR inhibitors for the treatment of cancer. The objective of the study is to screen newly designed derivatives of 1,3,4-oxadiazole using molecular docking and ADMET studies as EGFR inhibitors. Methods: In-silico docking studies were performed using AutoDockVina software, and compounds were further studied for ADME and toxicity using SwissADME and pkCSM software, respectively. Results: Considering the docking results, pharmacokinetic behaviour and toxicity profile, eight derivatives (derivatives 2,3,4,5,10,13,16, and 17) showed potential as EGFR inhibitors. result: Taking into consideration the docking results, pharmacokinetic behaviour and toxicity profile, eight derivatives (derivatives 2,3,4,5,10,13,16, and 17) have shown potential as EGFR inhibitors. Conclusion: Compounds 2 and 3 showed the highest binding affinity in the pocket of EGFR and also displayed a better pharmacokinetic profile. Therefore, these derivatives can be used in the management of cancer and can be taken further for wet-lab studies. other: Nil

Pancreatic adeno- Mixed neuroendocrine non-endocrine (pMINEN) are extremely rare. [1] They are known to have distal metastasis at presentation and also have a comparatively lower survival rate as compared to similar staged neuroendocrine carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and small cell lung tumor from which its treatment patterns are extrapolated. [2,3] Also, very less is known about its molecular structure and natural courses. There is a dearth of data about pMINEN in literature also there is a lack of large multicentral trials due to which the MINEN do not have a standard universal management protocol. We here discuss the clinical dilemmas that arise during diagnosis, reporting, and urge to formulate a multi-centric trial to formulate a focused protocolized approach. We here describe our encounter with a pancreatic head lesion which on immunohistochemically turned out to be a pMINEN with moderately differentiating ductal adenocarcinoma and low-grade neuroendocrine tumor. Radical R0 surgery with multimodal treatment (chemotherapy + radiotherapy) gains improved survival in long term.

Everyday living becomes more convenient and joyful as a result of technological advancements. The advancements in telecommunications and networking have changed throughout several decades. The first generation of mobile wireless communication was the 1G (the earliest form of voice-only network), which was followed by 2G, 3G, 4G, and 5G. The 5G network is expected to provide higher connection speeds than earlier networks, being more dependable, faster response time and more capacity. In this paper, we provide an overview of the standards, data rates, capacity, primary service, challenges, and features provided by each generation, as well as how advances have been achieved from one generation to the next. Also, the paper highlights the new emerging technology, 5G, its architecture, features, and applications.

Conferences and Journals serve as a strong platform and media for research work. Organizing a conference is an extensive, difficult and complex process involving many stakeholders. Due to the increasing number of conferences held worldwide and huge submissions at both conferences and journals, quality has become a highly coveted topic. Today number of systems and platforms for organizing conferences with a varying set of services and features are available. Conference organizer has to choose one of the Conference Management System (CMS) for managing the whole event efficiently. This paper presents a set of desired services and features of efficient CMS; and a comparative study of 30 CMS. The key features desired to be included in efficient CMS include-fair reviews, accurate, reliable, fast, online/web-based, fully automatic, secure assuring confidentiality, user-friendly, and scalable system. Though services and features contribute to overall management and performance of the event it is observed that the overall performance of any conference management mainly depends on the peer review process. For fair reviews integration of intelligent reviewer assignment module in the conference management system is need of the day.

Ancient Indian education was value-based consisting of Gurukul system and world-famous “Nalanda and Takshashila Universities.” The value-based education policy reforms were the basis for utilizing the knowledge for benefits of mankind. In ancient Bharat, there were knowledgeable personalities like Sushrut, Aryabhatta, Panini, and Chanakya who set examples in front of the world. The national long-term impact is its shift from 10+2 pattern to 5+3+3+3+4. This decision will bring a major change in Indian education system after three decades. The new National Education Policy is promoting Indian value-based education with all-inclusive ecodevelopment of Holistic Education, Bharat-centric Education, Development of Knowledge-based Society, and Emphasis on Knowledge-based Education.

Mycobacteria such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis that annually kills several million people worldwide, and Mycobacterium smegmatis, the non-pathogenic fast-growing mycobacteria, require oxidative phosphorylation to meet their energy requirements. We have previously shown that deletion of one of the two copies of atpD gene that codes for the ATP synthase β-subunit establishes an energy-compromised state in M. smegmatis. Here we report that upon such deletion, a major routing of electron flux occurs through the less energy-efficient complexes of its respiratory chain. ΔatpD bacterium also shows an increased reduced state which is further confirmed by the overexpression of WhiB3, a major redox sensor. We show a substantial modulation of the biosynthesis of cell wall associated lipids and triacylglycerol (TAG). An accumulation of TAG-containing lipid bodies is further confirmed by using 14C oleate incorporation. Interestingly, the mutant also shows an overexpression of TAG-degrading lipase genes, and the intracellular lipolytic enzymes mediate TAG hydrolysis for their utilization as energy source. We believe that our in vitro energy-depleted model will allow us to explore the critical link between energy metabolism, redox homeostasis, and lipid biosynthesis during ATP-depleted state, which will enhance our understanding of the bacterial adaptation, and will allow us to identify novel drug targets to counter mycobacterial infections.

Background: Menstrual disorders are a common presentation and leading reasons for the physician office visits by adolescents. With this preview, we have made an attempt to evaluate the current changes in the age of menarche, menstruation patterns, the incidence of common menstrual disorders and their etiologies. Aims and objectives of the current study was to evaluate the menstrual disorders, their etiology and treatment modalities in adolescents in tertiary health care setup.Methods: An observational study was carried out on female patients in adolescent age group attending OPD of obstetrics and gynecology, Grant Government Medical College, Mumbai, India. The selected women were explained about the protocol, purpose of the study and were requested to complete the questionnaires to elicit information relating to demographic features, menarche age, and menstrual characteristics. Results were tabulated and analyzed.Results: A total number of 100 cases were included in this study, among them majority were in 16-19 years age group (64%), 79% of the study population belong to the lower class. It was observed that 55% study subject had dysmenorrhoea, 65% had irregular menses, 52% oligomenorrhoea, 13% polymenorrhoea, 28% had menorrhagia, 2% amenorrhea, 10% with PCOS and 2% with endometriosis, 4% with hypothyroidism, 4% with hyperprolactinemia. Most of the study subject responded well to analgesics and hormonal therapy.Conclusions: Menstrual irregularity needs to be evaluated with utmost sensitivity and treated promptly. Lack of sufficient knowledge, awareness regarding menstruation among adolescent girls and social embarrassment should be tackled with education.

This paper is about the proposed portable, real time, cloud-based soil nutrient detection framework. Soil nutrients and parameters such as temperature, humidity, pH values are seized by our proposed setup and can be made available anywhere in the world with valid cloud channel verification credentials. For proposed framework, Soil analysis is performed with RGB color sensor and soil doctor plus kit. For demonstration of proposed cloud based, real-time soil analysis, we have collected Soil samples from various farms near Pune city (India). An important contribution of the proposed work is that farmers can get real-time soil parameter analysis at their fingertips, hence our work can be named as a “Soil Doctor kit”. The proposed method is able to communicate all real time soil parameters such as pH, Nutrients, temperature values anywhere in the world. Hence proposed cloud-based soil analysis setup can be used by farmers for adding deficient soil nutrients and increasing crop yield, without waiting for results from testing Labs.

Word sense disambiguation (WSD) means finding the correct sense of a word in a specific context. Ambiguity is an open problem of natural language processing and ontology. It is crucial to minimize the ambiguity for the applications: machine translation, information extraction, knowledge acquisition, question answering system and sentiment analysis. Many researchers have worked on automatic WSD for the English language, but the work carried out on Marathi language requires more attention. This paper focuses on word sense disambiguation using WordNet and the Lesk algorithm for Marathi Language. It uses the WordNet for Marathi, developed at IIT Mumbai, which is a very important lexical knowledge base for Marathi. The basic idea is to compare the context of the word in a sentence with the contexts constructed from the WordNet and choosing the correct sense. The algorithm has been implemented and tested on a set of sentences containing ambiguous words, and for majority of the sentences, the correct meaning has been inferred by the synset.

The aim of this complete survey is to assess the significance and effect of the articles that have been published with the title machine learning-based early detection of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) or prediction of GDM with the assistance of machine learning and data mining approaches during the period 2016–2020. It likewise uncovers that the territory of GDM has gotten expanded and interest by researchers, research funding institutions, and experts. From the top-cited research publications pertaining to machine learning-based prediction of GDM, it is observed that hybrid models were widely utilized over an individual classification model. The accuracy of the mentioned techniques has been between 75 and 93%, and to quantify the performance of gestational diabetes test data, observed that it is a high sensitivity and low specificity. Provides a picture of scientific approaches based on ML and DM in the field of GDM prediction research, which will help to upcoming researcher for collecting the evidence-based descriptions, comparisons of various classifiers, and analyzing the accuracy in earlier results in GDM, and this review can be used to describe the patterns of performance and impact of research in the area of GDM prediction.

Background: Ovarian cancer accounts for 225,000 new cases and 140,000 deaths every year. Ovarian germ cell tumors account for 15-20% of all ovarian malignancies and incidence of malignant ovarian germ cell tumors is 2-6%. These tumors typically occur in adolescent girls and young women. Appropriate fertility conserving surgical treatment for patients where fertility needs to be preserved and resection of all visible disease can be successfully performed. For patients with advanced-stage disease, debulking surgery is done.Methods: Current study is a retrospective study. The present study was conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynecology, Cama and Albess hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, from a period of May 2019 to December 2021. This study was conducted with 30 patients to evaluate the outcome in operated cases of germ cell tumors of ovary.Results: Majority of the patients (30%) were in the age group of 31-40 years, 17 (56.7%) patients were unmarried while 13 (43.3%) patients were married. The most common symptom was abdominal mass and pain (86.7%). The most common histologic type was dysgerminoma (46.7%). Out of total 19 patients with FIGO stage I, 13 patients (68.4%) underwent Fertility sparing surgery (FSS) and 6 patients (31.6%) underwent non fertility sparing surgery (non-FSS).Conclusions: Surgery has an important role in the management of germ cell tumors. Initial careful surgical staging is of great importance for appropriate subsequent therapy. Fertility sparing surgery is feasible in most cases. Malignant ovarian germ cell tumors have excellent prognosis for stage I and for advanced stages.

Background: Thyroid dysfunctions are a common cause of abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB). They affect menstrual function and reproductive health. The common presenting complaints are weight gain, menstrual irregularities, PCOS, infertility, fatigue, constipation and body aches.In this study we recommended that any woman presenting with undiagnosed fatigue, weight gain, infertility and menstrual disorders should be subjected to Thyroid profile screening. Thus, there is a need to explore this aspect in the earlier stages so as to prevent long term consequences with reproduction and quality of life.Methods: Current study is a retrospective study. The present study was conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynecology, Cama and Albess hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, from a period of January 2021 to December 2021, 300 women of reproductive age group between menarche to menopause. Quantitative determination of Serum T3, T4 and TSH by CLIA estimated in autoanalyser.Results: The most common age group studied was between 32-40 years. Hyperthyroidism was more common in multipara and hypothyroidism was more common in P2L2. The most common type of menstrual disturbance was menorrhagia. (40.33%) Menorrhagia has been seen to have significant association with thyroid dysfunction. Prevalence of obesity in the study population is 4% and overweight is 23.66%. About 11.33 % of overweight women and 2% of obese women are hypothyroid. 2% of hyperthyroid women are underweight (BMI

Recent days have stamped enormous upsurge about health awareness in society. Self tutoring systems for supervising the performed exercises offer numerous advantages and are therefore emerging as an entity of dire necessity in health-sector. Considering the significantly increasing global acceptance of ‘ $${{Yog\bar{a}sana}}$$ ’ as one of the most preferred exercise, this paper proposes a novel and an intelligent vision-based self-tutoring system for $${{Yog\bar{a}sana}}$$ . The proposed system, ’e-YogaGuru’ analyzes the body movements while performing $${{Yog\bar{a}sana}}$$ , provides feedback about its correctness and further, suggests amendment, if required. Incorporation of angle features in the novel state transition-based approach addresses the earlier reported issues raised due to human anthropometry and variance in the execution speed. Consideration of hold time and suggestion of amendment at two levels, abstract level and detailed amendment (sequences of pre-posture, main-posture and post-posture), make the proposed e-YogaGuru unique and efficient. System is trained for 21 postures derived from the skeleton stream of 8 experts exhibiting variations in anthropometry and execution speed (Knowledge base). A dataset composed of 1750 video sequences (7 $${{Yog\bar{a}sana}}$$ performed by 25 practitioners) is used to validate the efficacy of the devised approach. The proposed e-YogaGuru achieved 98.29 % accuracy in correctly identifying the $${{Yog\bar{a}sana}}$$ and has been able to suggest required amendment in the incorrectly performed $${{Yog\bar{a}sana}}$$ with an accuracy of 96.34 %. Proposed ‘e-YogaGuru’ incorporates significant parameters (hold time and amendment) and achieves appreciable accuracies, thus it not only out-performs the earlier reported systems but also marks a long bounce towards practical deployment.

Machine translation is important application in natural language processing. Machine translation means translation from source language to target language to save the meaning of the sentence. A large amount of research is going on in the area of machine translation. However, research with machine translation remains highly localized to the particular source and target languages as they differ syntactically and morphologically. Appropriate inflections result correct translation. This paper elaborates the rules for inflecting the parts-of-speech and implements the inflection for Marathi to English translation. The inflection of nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives are carried out on the basis of semantics of the sentence. The results are discussed with examples.

Machine translation is being carried out by the researchers from quite a long time. However, it is still a dream to materialize flawless Machine Translator and the small numbers of researchers has focussed at translating Marathi Text to English. Perfect Machine Translation Systems have not yet been fully built because the fact that languages differ syntactically as well as morphologically. Majority of the researchers have opted for Statistical Machine translation whereas in this paper we have addressed the challenges of Rule based Machine Translation. The paper describes the major divergences observed in language Marathi and English and many challenges encountered while attempting to build machine translation system form Marathi to English using rule based approach. As there are exceptions to the rules and limit to the feasibility of maintaining knowledgebase, the practical machine translation from Marathi to English is a complex task

Background: Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a painful condition, often leading to poor quality of life. Objective: The aim of this review was to discuss the various treatment modalities for the medical management of TN. Materials and Methods: We reviewed the available literature on TN in clinical databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, with a specific focus on the pharmacological treatment and newer drugs under development for the treatment of TN. Results: Carbamazepine (CBZ) is the gold standard of treatment for TN. The first-line drugs for the treatment of TN are CBZ and oxcarbazepine (OXC). A proportion of cases (30%) are initially resistant to the first-line drugs. Alternative drugs need to be considered if the first-line drugs are not well tolerated or become ineffective with prolonged therapy. The second-line drugs comprise lamotrigine, baclofen, gabapentin, and pregabalin used as monotherapy or in combination with CBZ/OXC. Botulinum toxin A may be a promising presurgical option. Newer drug like vixotrigine has shown good results in phase two randomized control trials. About 50% of cases develop treatment resistance to oral drugs over the subsequent years of therapy and require surgical options. Conclusion: The first-line drugs for the treatment of TN (irrespective of the age group or type) are CBZ and OXC. Combination therapy with second-line or other drugs may become necessary with poor response to CBZ/OXC, or if adverse events occur. Patients should be offered surgical options if there is poor response or tolerance to the medical therapy.

The syndrome of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) is a common medical emergency in children. In the era of poliomyelitis eradication, the common causes of AFP include Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), transverse myelitis and traumatic neuritis. However, many common diseases can uncommonly present as AFP and some uncommon diseases may also masquerade like it. Uncommon causes of AFP seen at a tertiary care pediatric hospital are discussed along with relevant points in diagnosis and management. Also, common pitfalls in diagnosis of pediatric AFP and an approach to investigations are discussed.

Peroxisomal biogenesis disorders are a group of rare genetic disorders due to impairment in one or more peroxisomal function. Infantile Refsum disease (IRD) is a peroxisomal biogenesis disorder caused by a defect in phytanic acid metabolism. We report the case of a 6-year-old boy who presented with developmental delay, ataxia, hypotonia, areflexia, vision and hearing impairment, dysmorphism, and hepatomegaly. His plasma very long chain fatty acids analysis revealed increased levels of phytanic acid, pristanic acid, and higher ratios of C24/22 and C26/22 than the normal. This confirmed the diagnosis of IRD in our case. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed progressive white matter changes involving cerebral white matter, cerebellar white matter, and dentate nuclei of the cerebellum, along with progressive corticocerebellar atrophy which have been infrequently described in the literature. Owing to the rarity of cases of IRD being reported especially from India, and the peculiar imaging findings, we wish to report this case.

Phospholipase A2-associated neurodegeneration (PLAN) comprises of three disorders with overlapping presentations. The most common of these is classical or infantile-onset phospholipase A2-associated neurodegeneration, also known as infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD). Only 1 case of INAD has been reported from India till now. We report two genetically confirmed patients seen at a tertiary care pediatric hospital. Both these patients presented with infantile onset of neuroregression. We believe that INAD is underrecognized and underreported from India.

This paper provides design and development of graph visualization system for human density computation using IoT useful for critical Situation Recognition and precaution for avoiding Accident. The main aim is to deal with more crowded area and to avoid accidents due to increase in human density by drawing graphs based on human skeleton. The proposed system provides design of an efficient IoT based system for computing human density and to buzz a buzzer if human density increases beyond certain limit.

Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis regulates the reproductive system. The overall health and wellbeing of a woman is subject to fluctuations in the sex hormones throughout her lifespan. Menopause, either natural or surgically induced, is often associated with cognitive complaints, especially memory disturbances. Sex hormones, besides affecting the reproductive function, affect the central nervous system in many ways. Here, we aim to review the role of sex hormones in cognition and the current evidence on use of or against menopausal hormonal therapy as a cognition enhancer in women with cognitive disturbances, including those with Alzheimer's disease.