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Measles is a disease caused by an RNA virus of the Morbillivirus genus, which is part of the Paramyxoviridae family. Measles is highly contagious, but can be preventable by vaccination. In recent years, an increasing number of cases reported in both developed and developing countries, mainly as a consequence of population changes and inadequate vaccination policies and strategies, as well as the rise of anti-vaccine groups. Clinical manifestations are based on four typical stages of the disease. Mortality rates are estimated to be as high as 25%, primarily in children with comorbidities such as malnutrition or vitamin A deficiency. This article reviews and updates the epidemiological, clinical, and measles vaccination aspects, particularly in some Latin American countries. We highlight the need for compliance with immunization policies and strategies, in order to prevent the spread of outbreaks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Invasive fungal infections are a considerable cause of morbidity, mortality, increased hospital stay durations, and high health care costs, during neonatal period. In this period, the premature infants are the most affected. Candida species are the leading cause of invasive fungal infections. The majority of neonatal Candida infections are caused by C. albicans, C. parapsilosis, C. glabrata and C. tropicalis, although other fungus species are being reported. One such emerging pathogen is K. ohmeri. This organism has been reported as a pathogen in the neonatal period, principally in premature infants. The risk factors associated with fungal infection are central line, immunosuppression, prolonged hospital stay, endotracheal intubation and exposure to antibiotics. We present a term baby with a mediastinal mass, who required several procedures, as pericardiocentesis, central catheters, mechanical ventilation, antibiotics. During his evolution, he presented infection by K. ohmeri. The baby was treated with amphotericin B, with satisfactory clinical course., (Sociedad Argentina de Pediatría.)