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The populations of the loggerhead turtles, Caretta caretta, present four main D-loop mitochondrial haplogroups that are distributed across the Indo-Pacific, Mediterranean, and Atlantic oceans. The Southwestern Atlantic (SWA) is one of the Regional Management Units (RMUs) of loggerheads, characterized by unique haplotypes, high nest density, and distinct life history traits. Detecting new D-loop haplogroups is important, particularly endemic ones, as they can enhance our understanding of their life history within the RMUs and contribute to the resolution of mixed stock analysis. In this study, we conducted a series of phylogenetic delimitation and network analyses to identify, validate, and infer the origin of four new D-loop haplotypes detected in the loggerhead populations from the SWA. Our findings demonstrate that these new D-loop haplotypes are valid and unique to the SWA lineage, potentially aiding in the delimitation of individuals' origins and the inference of their lineage.

The current study used the McGill Illness Narrative Interview (MINI) to explore patients' ( n  = 6) and caregivers' ( n  = 3) narratives about how they identified and sought care for psychosis. Participants were recruited from an outpatient clinic at the Hospital Psiquiátrico Dr. Rafael Serrano , a public psychiatric hospital in Puebla, Mexico. All participants consented to complete semi-structured interviews in Spanish. Thematic analyses were used to inductively identify common themes in participants' narratives. The results indicated that during the initial symptom onset, most participants noticed the presence of hallucinations but did not seek help for this hallmark symptom. Participants described seeking care only when they or their ill relative exhibited escalating aggressive behaviors or physical symptoms that were interpreted as common medical problems. As participants became connected to specialty mental health services, they began to develop a conceptualization of psychosis as a disorder of aggression. For some participants, this conceptualization of psychosis as an illness of aggression contributed to their ambivalence about the diagnosis. These results can be understood using a cultural scripts framework, which suggests that cultural norms are influenced by collective understandings of normalcy and valorization of behaviors. Implications for community campaigns are discussed., Competing Interests: Declaration of conflicting interestsThe authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Background: Adopting a common elements approach, this practitioner review aims to highlight specific treatment elements that are common to interventions with demonstrated benefits in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for reducing suicide attempts and self-harm in youth. Identification of common treatment elements among effective interventions offers a key strategy for clarifying the most robust features of effective interventions and improving our ability to implement effective treatment and decrease the lag between scientific advances and clinical care., Methods: A systematic search of RCTs evaluating interventions targeting suicide/self-harm in youth (ages 12-18) yielded a total of 18 RCTs assessing 16 different manualized interventions. An open coding process was used to identify common elements present within each intervention trial. Twenty-seven common elements were identified and classified into format, process, and content categories. All trials were coded for the inclusion of these common elements by two independent raters. RCTs were also classified into those where trial results supported improvements in suicide/self-harm behavior (n = 11 supported trials) and those without supported evidence (n = 7 unsupported trials)., Results: Compared with unsupported trials, the 11 supported trials shared the following elements: (a) inclusion of therapy for both the youth and family/caregivers; (b) an emphasis on relationship-building and the therapeutic alliance; (c) utilization of an individualized case conceptualization to guide treatment; (d) provided skills training (e.g. emotion regulation skills) to both youth and their parents/caregivers; and (e) lethal means restriction counseling as part of self-harm monitoring and safety planning., Conclusions: This review highlights key treatment elements associated with efficacy that community practitioners can incorporate in their treatments for youth presenting with suicide/self-harm behaviors., (© 2023 Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health.)

Focused Clinical Question: What factors identify the optimal bone augmentation techniques for managing slight, moderate, and severe horizontal alveolar ridge deficiency (ARD) at dental implant sites?, Summary: Horizontal ARD is a concern at a high proportion of sites receiving dental implants, and clinicians have developed a variety of surgical procedures to address such defects. In a particular case, selection of the optimal treatment may depend predominantly on defect severity, location (anterior versus posterior), and configuration (contained versus noncontained). This report provides a framework for selecting an augmentation method when presented with a slight, moderate, or severe horizontal ARD at a site requiring dental implant placement., Conclusion: Multiple treatment options are available for planned implant sites exhibiting horizontal ARD; severe posterior and slight anterior defects intuitively call for different approaches. Although rigid guidelines for selecting the optimal augmentation method do not exist, some techniques are poorly suited for esthetically demanding sites. A framework considering defect severity, location, and configuration may help guide clinical decisions on this topic., (Published 2023. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.)

Racial/ethnic minoritized (REM) youth represent a high-risk group for suicide, yet there are striking disparities in their use of mental health services (MHS) even after risk is identified in schools. Prior research suggests that school-based risk assessments and hospitalization encounters can be negatively experienced by REM youth and families, thus deterring likelihood of seeking follow-up care. The Safe Alternatives for Teens and Youth-Acute (SAFETY-A) is a brief, strengths-based, cognitive-behavioral family intervention demonstrated to increase linkage to MHS when implemented in emergency departments. With its focus on strengths and family engagement, SAFETY-A may cultivate a positive therapeutic encounter suited to addressing disparities in MHS by enhancing trust and family collaboration, if appropriately adapted for schools. Thirty-seven school district leaders and frontline school MHS providers from districts serving primarily socioeconomically disadvantaged REM communities participated in key informant interviews and focus groups. First, interviews were conducted to understand usual care processes for responding to students with suicidal thoughts and behaviors, and perspectives on the strengths and disadvantages of current practices. An as-is process analysis was used to describe current practices spanning risk assessment, crisis intervention, and follow-up. Second, focus groups were conducted to solicit perceptions of the fit of SAFETY-A for these school contexts. Thematic analysis of the interviews and focus groups was used to identify multilevel facilitators and barriers to SAFETY-A implementation, and potential tailoring variables for implementation strategies across school districts., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting Interests: The Author(s) declare that there is no conflict of interest.

Focused Clinical Question: Under what circumstances may a clinician consider dental implant placement at a site exhibiting a focal high or mixed density (HMD) osseous lesion radiologically?, Summary: Some conditions and pathologic entities exhibiting high and mixed density radiological appearance pose low risk for dental implant failure or complications following implant surgery. However, other lesions represent contraindications to implant placement, and implant surgery at such sites can result in severe morbidity., Conclusion: Potential implant sites exhibiting focal HMD osseous lesions/conditions present varying levels of risk. In most cases, optimal management will include advanced imaging of the site, multidisciplinary consultations, and detailed informed consent to assure full understanding of procedural risks, benefits, and complications. Currently, clinical recommendations rely on case reports, opinion, and usual practice (level 3 evidence). The strength of each recommendation provided in this report is categorized as level C., (Published 2022. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.)

The current study describes how a community-partnered participatory research (CPPR) model was used to enhance hair cortisol research engagement among low-income adults of diverse ethnicities and sexual and gender identities. Participants' reported motivations and concerns surrounding providing a hair sample are also described. Participants from a larger longitudinal study were invited to provide a hair sample and/or complete acceptability interviews. Results indicated that 71% of all persons (N=133) contacted participated in the current study, of whom 82% provided hair samples. Several themes emerged from the interviews indicating that participants were motivated to provide a hair sample due to internal and external factors; however, concerns about mistrust of research remained. Thus, collecting biospecimens in research with underserved groups requires careful consideration of benefits and risks to the individual and their communities. Our results provide guidelines for engaging low-income racially/ethnically and sexually diverse community members in biospecimen research to understand stress-health relationships.

The Brazilian Cerrado is considered a biodiversity hotspot highly threatened by human activities. Recently, many studies have demonstrated how underestimated is Cerrado's biodiversity considering squamate species, and the identification of divergent and cryptic lineages is essential for the formulation of effective conservation strategies. The transition areas between the Cerrado and the Atlantic Forest are even less known and, consequently, often dismissed in conservation policies. As previous studies suggested the presence of cryptic diversity within E. capetinga, we investigated patterns and processes in the geographic distribution of its genealogical lineages. We used DNA sequences from individuals collected in six localities and sequences publicly available from three mitochondrial markers (CYT-B, 16S and ND4) and one nuclear marker (C-Mos). We tested if the core and ecotone regions of the Cerrado show differences in biotic and abiotic characteristics that could promote genetic structure and divergence among lineages within E. capetinga. We found evidence for divergent lineages within the species, but not congruent with our hypothesis. Similar divergent patterns were observed in other Cerrado lizards, including interspecific divergences within the Enyalius genus. Molecular characterization of field-collected individuals (previously identified as E. bilineatus), allowed us to update the geographic distribution of the species to include the ecotone between the Cerrado and the Atlantic Forest, an area where species distribution overlap., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)

Objective: This study aimed to use a large population-based sample to investigate age-associated differences in mental distress among sexual and gender minority (SGM) adults compared with their heterosexual, cisgender counterparts., Methods: Data were pooled from five cycles (2014-2018) of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey (N=762,541) and included states that administered the optional SGM module during that interval. Mean days of self-reported mental distress and the rate of frequent mental distress (≥14 days of mental distress per month) were calculated for each age and SGM identity stratum by using linear and logistic regression, respectively. Models controlled for socioeconomic factors and medical comorbid conditions. All analyses accounted for the complex survey design of the BRFSS., Results: Among those ages 18-24 years, mean days of mental distress and the rate of frequent mental distress were significantly higher for SGM subgroups compared with cisgender, heterosexual adults. Among those ages 45-54, 55-64, or ≥65, no differences were noted between SGM groups and their cisgender, heterosexual peers., Conclusions: Younger SGM respondents reported the highest levels of mental distress. Differences in general mental distress were less detectable with increasing age. The findings suggest that SGM young adults have an increased need for mental health services.

The current study examines the prevalence of depression, anxiety, suicide risk, and PTSD in Ugandan youth (13-25 years) attending vocational training programs. Youth from five urban (n=224 females, 81 males) and four rural (n=153 females only) vocational training centers operated by a non-governmental organization completed demographic and mental health questionnaires. Nearly half of the youth reported moderate or severe depression and/or anxiety. More than half reported anxiety and depression-related impairment. Nearly a quarter of youth had considered or attempted suicide. More than half screened positive on the PC-PTSD screen. Rural female youth reported the most food insecurity (56.9%), trafficking (37.9%), severe depression (35.9%), depression-related impairment (56.9%), severe anxiety (26.1%), and anxiety-related impairment (55.6%). Results from this study suggest that Ugandan youth have exceedingly high rates of depression, anxiety, suicide risk, and probable PTSD. Rural female youth may be especially at risk. Relevant treatment interventions are needed that can be adapted to youth in vocational training centers., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

The crystallization of calcium carbonate is shown to be dictated by the Ostwald rule of stages (ORS), for high relative initial supersaturations ( S CaCO 3 = [ C a 2 + ] [ CO 3 2 - ] / K SP, Calcite > 2500 ), under sweet (carbon dioxide saturated) and anoxic (oxygen depleted) solution conditions. Rhombohedral calcite crystals emerge after the sequential crystallization and dissolution of the metastable polymorphs: vaterite (snowflake-shaped) and aragonite (needle-shaped). However, the presence of certain cations, which can form trigonal carbonates (e.g. Fe 2+ and Ni 2+ ), in concentrations as low as 1.5 mM, triggers the emergence of calcite crystals, with a star-shaped crystal habit, first. These star-shaped crystals dissolve to yield needle-shaped aragonite crystals, which in turn dissolve to give the rhombohedral calcite crystals. The star-shaped crystals, formed at high S CaCO 3 , possess higher surface free energy (therefore higher apparent solubility) than their rhombohedral counterparts. This sequence of dissolution and recrystallization demonstrates that the ORS does not only drive the crystal towards its thermodynamically most stable polymorph but also towards its most stable crystal habit., (© 2022 The Authors.)

Objective: The purpose of this report was to document clinical responses to Nd:YAG laser energy in patients with surgical injury to terminal branches of the trigeminal nerve., Background: Limited evidence from in vitro, animal, and human studies suggests infrared laser energy may positively influence recovery after peripheral or cranial nerve injury, although clinical effects of neodymiumdoped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) lasers remain unstudied in this context., Methods: We applied Nd:YAG laser energy in the treatment of three consecutive patients presenting with altered neurosensory function following various oral and maxillofacial procedures. The time interval between surgical injury and laser photobiomodulation ranged from one week to two years., Results: All patients exhibited reduction in the area of diminished sensation and partial recovery of normal neurosensory function. The two patients with long-standing neurosensory deficiency experienced near complete recovery of intraoral sensation, with residual zones of diminished sensation from the perioral skin., Conclusions: Although all patients in this case series demonstrated clinical improvements compared with baseline, controlled studies are needed to determine whether Nd:YAG laser energy accelerates or enhances recovery of neurosensory function after surgical nerve injury. Studies establishing the relative efficacies of Nd:YAG and diode lasers appear warranted.

Oceanic oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) are globally significant sites of biogeochemical cycling where microorganisms deplete dissolved oxygen (DO) to concentrations <20 µM. Amid intense competition for DO in these metabolically challenging environments, aerobic nitrite oxidation may consume significant amounts of DO and help maintain low DO concentrations, but this remains unquantified. Using parallel measurements of oxygen consumption rates and 15 N-nitrite oxidation rates applied to both water column profiles and oxygen manipulation experiments, we show that the contribution of nitrite oxidation to overall DO consumption systematically increases as DO declines below 2 µM. Nitrite oxidation can account for all DO consumption only under DO concentrations <393 nM found in and below the secondary chlorophyll maximum. These patterns are consistent across sampling stations and experiments, reflecting coupling between nitrate reduction and nitrite-oxidizing Nitrospina with high oxygen affinity (based on isotopic and omic data). Collectively our results demonstrate that nitrite oxidation plays a pivotal role in the maintenance and biogeochemical dynamics of OMZs., (© 2021. The Author(s).)

The interplay between polymorphism and facet-specific surface energy on the dissolution of crystals is examined in this work. It is shown that, using cationic additives, it is possible to produce star-shaped calcite crystals at very high supersaturations. In crystallization processes following the Ostwald rule of stages these star-shaped crystals appear to have higher solubility than both their rhombohedral counterparts and needle-shaped aragonite crystals. The vapour pressures of vaterite, aragonite, star-shaped calcite and rhombohedral calcite crystals are measured using thermogravimetric analysis and the corresponding enthalpies of melting are obtained. Using inverse gas chromatography, the surface energy of the aforementioned crystals is measured as well and the surface energy of the main crystal facets is calculated. Combining the effect of facet-specific surface energies and the enthalpies of melting on a modified version of the classical solubility equation for regular solutions, it is proved that the star-shaped calcite crystals can indeed have higher apparent solubility than aragonitecrystals., (© 2021 The Authors.)

Oceanic oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) play a pivotal role in biogeochemical cycles due to extensive microbial activity. How OMZ microbial communities assemble and respond to environmental variation is therefore essential to understanding OMZ functioning and ocean biogeochemistry. Sampling along depth profiles at five stations in the eastern tropical North Pacific Ocean (ETNP), we captured systematic variations in dissolved oxygen (DO) and associated variables (nitrite, chlorophyll, and ammonium) with depth and between stations. We quantitatively analysed relationships between oceanographic gradients and microbial community assembly and activity based on paired 16S rDNA and 16S rRNA sequencing. Overall microbial community composition and diversity were strongly related to regional variations in density, DO, and other variables (regression and redundancy analysis r 2  = 0.68-0.82), displaying predictable patterns with depth and between stations. Although similar factors influenced the active community, diversity was substantially lower within the OMZ. We also identified multiple active microbiological networks that tracked specific gradients or features - particularly subsurface ammonium and nitrite maxima. Our findings indicate that overall microbial community assembly is consistently shaped by hydrography and biogeochemistry, while active segments of the community form discrete networks inhabiting distinct portions of the water column, and that both are tightly tuned to environmental conditions in the ETNP., (© 2020 Society for Applied Microbiology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

The Peptidoglycan (PG) cell wall of the Lyme disease (LD) spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb), contributes to structural and morphological integrity of Bb; is a persistent antigen in LD patients; and has a unique pentapeptide with L-Ornithine as the third amino acid that cross-links its glycan polymers. A borrelial homolog (BB&#95;0167) interacted specifically with borrelilal PG via its peptidoglycan interacting motif (MHELSEKRARAIGNYL); was localized to the protoplasmic cylinder of Bb; and was designated as Borrelia peptidoglycan interacting Protein (BpiP). A bpiP mutant displayed no defect under in vitro growth conditions with similar levels of several virulence-related proteins. However, the burden of bpiP mutant in C3H/HeN mice at day 14, 28 and 62 post-infection was significantly lower compared to control strains. No viable bpiP mutant was re-isolated from any tissues at day 62 post-infection although bpiP mutant was able to colonize immunodeficient SCID at day 28 post-infection. Acquisition or transmission of bpiP mutant by Ixodes scapularis larvae or nymphs respectively, from and to mice, was significantly lower compared to control strains. Further analysis of bpiP mutant revealed increased sensitivity to vancomycin, osmotic stress, lysosomal extracts, human antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin-LL37, complement-dependent killing in the presence of day 14 post-infection mouse serum and increased internalization of CFSC-labeled bpiP mutant by macrophages and dendritic cells compared to control strains. These studies demonstrate the importance of accessory protein/s involved in sustaining integrity of PG and cell envelope during different phases of Bb infection., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Introduction: Gender and ethnic differences exist in suicidal ideation, plan, and attempt among adolescents in the U.S. However, limited research has used theoretically-informed approaches to integrate how cultural and classic risk factors together account for suicide-related pathways among vulnerable populations. Informed by the interpersonal theory of suicide, the present cross-sectional study examined gender differences in the association between a cultural (i.e., discrimination) and classic (i.e., depressive symptomatology) risk factor, and suicidality among youth of Latin American heritage., Methods: A total of 390 Latinx adolescents (ages 13-18; 50% female) attending a high school in Southern California, U.S.A. completed a series of questionnaires that included measures of depressive symptoms, suicidality (including ideation, past attempts, and likelihood of future behavior), perceived discrimination, and demographics., Results: We found that discrimination was associated with increased suicidality among Latinx adolescents. The discrimination-suicidality association was stronger for girls versus boys, such that girls who experienced greater discrimination demonstrated the highest levels of suicidality. Although depression was also significantly associated with suicidality, the discrimination x gender interaction was found above and beyond the main effect of depressive symptomatology and covariates. Additional analyses revealed significant gender and moderation effects only for suicidal ideation and not for attempts., Conclusions: These findings indicate that the relationship between discrimination and suicidality (particularly ideation) is more pronounced for Latinx girls than boys. This study also highlights the importance of drawing on theory-driven and culturally informed work that incorporates classic and cultural correlates of suicidality among diverse subpopulations., (Copyright © 2021 The Foundation for Professionals in Services for Adolescents. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The current study uses an intersectional framework to examine subgroup differences in the prevalence of depression among a community sample of predominantly low-income, racial/ethnic and sexual minority adults. Between May 2017-June 2018, participants (N=1753) were recruited from and screened for depression in community organizations that predominantly serve sexual minority clients based in Los Angeles, California and New Orleans, Louisiana. Twenty-six percent of people screened for study eligibility met criteria for depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-8≥10). As is true in higher-resourced populations, bisexual (Odds Ratio; OR: 1.50; 95% Confidence Interval; CI: 1.08, 2.09) and queer/questioning (OR: 1.86; 95% CI: 1.08, 3.19) individuals were more likely to be depressed than heterosexual and lesbian/ gay individuals. These differences remained even when accounting for income. No differences in depression were observed between lesbian/gay and heterosexual adults. In terms of racial differences, bisexual Black (OR: .47; 95% CI: 0.21, 1.04) and Hispanic (OR: .51; 95% CI: 0.23, 1.12) adults were marginally less likely to be depressed than bisexual White adults. No racial differences emerged across other sexual orientations. Differences across some sexual minority subgroups may be race-specific, suggesting that intersectional frameworks may be the best way to understand how multiple marginalization affects different subgroups.

Background: The Resilience Against Depression Disparities (RADD), a community partnered, randomized comparative effectiveness study, aimed to address mental health in Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer/Questioning (LGBTQ) racial/ethnic populations in New Orleans and Los Angeles., Objectives: To describe engagement methods, lessons learned, and recommendations in engaging LGBTQ individuals and agencies throughout the RADD study., Methods: RADD used a community partnered participatory research framework to engage LGBTQ community members and agencies. Observational and quantitative data were collected to describe engagement activities and study adaptations from October 2016 to May 2019., Results: Our partnered approach resulted in multiple study adaptations. The principles of cultural humility, coleadership, and addressing health determinants were important to successful engagement with LGBTQ community members and study participants. We recommend maintaining cultural humility as the tenant of all research activities., Conclusions: This project's engagement plan demonstrates that community-academic partnerships can be forged to create and modify existing study models for LGBTQ communities.

The hawksbill turtle is a broadly distributed, highly migratory and critically endangered sea turtle species. The paucity of studies restricts the comprehension of its behavior and life history. In this work, we performed a global phylogeographic analysis using a compilation of previously published mitochondrial haplotype data to understand the dynamics and diversity of hawksbill populations worldwide. Our results revealed a complex demographic pattern associated to hawksbill phylogeography since the Pliocene. Isolation by distance is not enough to explain distinct demographic units of hawksbill turtles, which are also influenced by other factors as oceanic currents, coral reef distribution and nesting timing. The foraging aggregations are typically mixed stocks of individuals originating from multiple nesting areas, but there is also a trend of foragers coming from nearby natal beaches. Phylogenetic analysis indicates two highly divergent major lineages split between Atlantic and Indo-Pacific rookeries, but there is also a more recent Atlantic Ocean colonization from the Indo-Pacific Ocean. Long-distance dispersal events are likely responsible for homogenization between distant populations within oceans. Our findings provided new insights about population connectivity, identified gaps that should be prioritized in future research and highlighted the need for international efforts aiming at hawksbill's conservation.

Hoarding disorder has significant health consequences, including the devastating threat of eviction. In this pilot study, critical time intervention (CTI), an evidence-based model of case management shown to be effective for vulnerable populations, was adapted for individuals with severe symptoms of hoarding disorder at risk for eviction (CTI-HD). Of the 14 adults who enrolled, 11 participants completed the 9-month intervention. Completers reported a modest decrease in hoarding severity, suggesting that, while helpful, CTI-HD alone is unlikely to eliminate the risk of eviction for individuals with severe symptoms of hoarding disorder.

Little is known about people who experience multiple types of discrimination (e.g., racism and heterosexism). While some work suggests that multiply discriminated groups are at higher risk for poor mental health, other studies propose that they may develop resilience against additional kinds of discrimination. We conducted a review of published studies on the relationship between multiple types of discrimination and mental health to critically examine evidence in support of broad risk and resilience models. Using PRISMA guidelines, we identified 40 studies that met our inclusion criteria. Typically, studies examined either whether experiencing multiple discrimination was related to poorer mental health, or whether one kind of discrimination was more predictive of poor mental health. Studies generally showed support for the risk model, with multiple forms of discrimination associated with higher risk for depression symptoms. Furthermore, both racism and heterosexism uniquely predicted symptoms of depression, although initial evidence suggested that only heterosexism predicted suicidality among lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) racial/ethnic minorities. Findings on multiple discrimination and other mental health problems (e.g., anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD], distress, and substance use) were mixed. The current evidence suggests that multiply discriminated groups exhibit higher risk for some mental health problems, particularly depression symptoms. However, methodological problems abound in this literature (e.g., correspondence between study sample and types of discrimination assessed), which limits our ability to draw clear conclusions about multiple discrimination. We propose that to further our understanding of how multiple kinds of discrimination may affect mental health, studies must remedy these and other issues. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Introduction: Depression is the leading cause of adult disability and common among sexual and gender minority (SGM) adults. The current study builds on findings showing the effectiveness of depression quality improvement (QI) and delivery of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) skills provided by community health workers in reducing depression. Depression QI approaches across healthcare and social/community services in safety-net settings have shown improvements in mental wellness, mental health quality of life and depression over 12 months. Further, a randomised study showed improved depression among low-income racial/ethnic minorities enrolled in a CBT-informed resiliency class (Building Resilience and Increasing Community Hope (B-RICH)). The current protocol describes a comparativeness effectiveness study to evaluate whether predominantly low-income, SGM racial/ethnic minority adults randomised to a CBT-informed resiliency class have improvements in depressive symptoms over and above community-engaged QI resources and training only., Methods and Analysis: The study approached three clusters of four to five programs serving predominantly SGM and racial/ethnic minority communities in the USA: two clusters in Los Angeles, California, and one in New Orleans, Louisiana. Clusters are comprised of one primary care, one mental health and two to three community agencies (eg, faith-based, social services/support, advocacy). All programs received depression QI training. The current study employed a community-partnered participatory research model to adapt the CBT-informed resiliency class, B-RICH+, to SGM communities. Study participants were screened and recruited in person from participating programs, and will complete baseline, 6- and 12-month survey follow-ups. Participants were depressed adults (8-item Patient Health Questionnaire ≥10; ≥18 years of age) who provided contact information. Enrolled participants were individually randomised to B-RICH+ or depression QI alone. Primary outcomes are depressive symptoms; secondary outcomes are mental health quality of life, mental wellness and physical health quality of life. Data collection for this study is ongoing., Ethics and Dissemination: The current study was approved by the UCLA Institutional Review Board. Study findings will be disseminated through scientific publications and community conferences., Trial Registration Number: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02986126., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2019. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

Escherichia coli strain C600 is a prototypical K-12 derived laboratory strain which has been broadly used for molecular microbiology and bacterial physiology studies since its isolation in 1954. Here, we present the closed genome sequence of E. coli strain C600, retrieved from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC 23724).

An electrochemically integrated Synchrotron Radiation-Grazing Incidence X-Ray Diffraction (SR-GIXRD) flow cell for studying corrosion product formation on carbon steel in carbon dioxide (CO 2 )-containing brines typical of oil and gas production has been developed. The system is capable of generating flow velocities of up to 2 m/s at temperatures in excess of 80 °C during SR-GIXRD measurements of the steel surface, enabling flow to be maintained over the course of the experiment while diffraction patterns are being collected. The design of the flow cell is presented, along with electrochemical and diffraction pattern transients collected from an initial experiment which examined the precipitation of FeCO 3 onto X65 carbon steel in a CO 2 -saturated 3.5 wt. % NaCl brine at 80 °C and 0.1 m/s. The flow cell is used to follow the nucleation and growth kinetics of FeCO 3 using SR-GIXRD linked to the simultaneous electrochemical response of the steel surface which were collected in the form of linear polarisation resistance measurements to decipher in situ corrosion rates. The results show that FeCO 3 nucleation could be detected consistently and well before its inhibitive effect on the general corrosion rate of the system. In situ measurements are compared with ex situ scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations showing the development of an FeCO 3 layer on the corroding steel surface over time confirming the in situ interpretations. The results presented demonstrate that under the specific conditions evaluated, FeCO 3 was the only crystalline phase to form in the system, with no crystalline precursors being apparent. The numerous capabilities of the flow cell are highlighted and presented in this paper.

Hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) populations have experienced global decline because of a history of intense commercial exploitation for shell and stuffed taxidermied whole animals, and harvest for eggs and meat. Improved understanding of genetic diversity and phylogeography is needed to aid conservation. In this study, we analyzed the most geographically comprehensive sample of hawksbill turtles from the Indo-Pacific Ocean, sequencing 766 bp of the mitochondrial control region from 13 locations (plus Aldabra, n = 4) spanning over 13500 km. Our analysis of 492 samples revealed 52 haplotypes distributed in 5 divergent clades. Diversification times differed between the Indo-Pacific and Atlantic lineages and appear to be related to the sea-level changes that occurred during the Last Glacial Maximum. We found signals of demographic expansion only for turtles from the Persian Gulf region, which can be tied to a more recent colonization event. Our analyses revealed evidence of transoceanic migration, including connections between feeding grounds from the Atlantic Ocean and Indo-Pacific rookeries. Hawksbill turtles appear to have a complex pattern of phylogeography, showing a weak isolation by distance and evidence of multiple colonization events. Our novel dataset will allow mixed-stock analyses of hawksbill turtle feeding grounds in the Indo-Pacific by providing baseline data needed for conservation efforts in the region. Eight management units are proposed in our study for the Indo-Pacific region that can be incorporated in conservation plans of this critically endangered species., (© The American Genetic Association. 2015. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Genetic testing, which is now a routine part of clinical practice and disease management protocols, is often based on the assessment of small panels of variants or genes. On the other hand, continuous improvements in the speed and per-base costs of sequencing have now made whole exome sequencing (WES) and whole genome sequencing (WGS) viable strategies for targeted or complete genetic analysis, respectively. Standard WGS/WES data analytical workflows generally rely on calling of sequence variants respect to the reference genome sequence. However, the reference genome sequence contains a large number of sites represented by rare alleles, by known pathogenic alleles and by alleles strongly associated to disease by GWAS. It's thus critical, for clinical applications of WGS and WES, to interpret whether non-variant sites are homozygous for the reference allele or if the corresponding genotype cannot be reliably called. Here we show that an alternative analytical approach based on the analysis of both variant and non-variant sites from WGS data allows to genotype more than 92% of sites corresponding to known SNPs compared to 6% genotyped by standard variant analysis. These include homozygous reference sites of clinical interest, thus leading to a broad and comprehensive characterization of variation necessary to an accurate evaluation of disease risk. Altogether, our findings indicate that characterization of both variant and non-variant clinically informative sites in the genome is necessary to allow an accurate clinical assessment of a personal genome. Finally, we propose a highly efficient extended VCF (eVCF) file format which allows to store genotype calls for sites of clinical interest while remaining compatible with current variant interpretation software.

Relative to non-Latino Whites, Latinos in the United States with major depressive disorder (MDD) show low engagement in antidepressant therapy, whether engagement is defined as pharmacotherapy access, medication initiation, pill-taking, or treatment retention. One potential reason for this disparity in depression care is the low cultural congruence of pharmacotherapy for this population. To examine Latinos' views of depression and antidepressant therapy, we conducted qualitative interviews with 30 Latino outpatients initiating antidepressants prior to their first treatment visit using the semistructured Treatment Adherence and Retention Questionnaire. These baseline interviews were randomly selected from data collected for a randomized controlled trial testing a novel intervention to enhance engagement by depressed Latino outpatients. Participant narratives were analyzed using open coding and the iterative analytical approach derived from grounded theory. Patient views about depression addressed stigmatizing views held by others in their social circle. Most participants directly refuted these views by providing alternate explanations to depression experiences. Antidepressant therapy narratives also revealed marked stigmatization, but participants tended not to refute these views. Instead, patients expressed concerns about antidepressants and showed marked ambivalence about seeking psychiatric care. Participants, however, did suggest ways in which clinicians and patients might collaborate to address their concerns about antidepressants. Some cultural views, such as concerns about addiction to or dependence on medication, may be negotiable barriers to treatment. Prescribing clinicians should address cultural views and concerns in order to improve Latino engagement in antidepressant therapy., (© The Author(s) 2015 Reprints and permissions: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav.)

Surprisingly, a high frequency of interspecific sea turtle hybrids has been previously recorded in a nesting site along a short stretch of the Brazilian coast. Mitochondrial DNA data indicated that as much as 43% of the females identified as Eretmochelys imbricata are hybrids in this area (Bahia State of Brazil). It is a remarkable find, because most of the nesting sites surveyed worldwide, including some in northern Brazil, presents no hybrids, and rare Caribbean sites present no more than 2% of hybrids. Thus, a detailed understanding of the hybridization process is needed to evaluate natural or anthropogenic causes of this regional phenomenon in Brazil, which could be an important factor affecting the conservation of this population. We analysed a set of 12 nuclear markers to investigate the pattern of hybridization involving three species of sea turtles: hawksbill (E. imbricata), loggerhead (Caretta caretta) and olive ridley (Lepidochelys olivacea). Our data indicate that most of the individuals in the crossings L. olivacea × E. imbricata and L. olivacea × C. caretta are F1 hybrids, whereas C. caretta × E. imbricata crossings present F1 and backcrosses with both parental species. In addition, the C. caretta × E. imbricata hybridization seems to be gender and species biased, and we also found one individual with evidence of multispecies hybridization among C. caretta × E. imbricata × Chelonia mydas. The overall results also indicate that hybridization in this area is a recent phenomenon, spanning at least two generations or ~40 years., (© 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.)

Objective: Describe and compare the frequency of bacterial resistance phenotypes of microorganisms obtained from patients in intensive care units (ICU) and other (non-ICU) high-complexity public and private hospital services in Colombia., Methods: A retrospective observational, analytical, multicenter study was conducted. The records from January 2007 to December 2009 on bacterial isolates and bacterial resistance phenotypes of microorganisms obtained from ICU and non-ICU patients in 79 high-complexity public and private hospitals were consolidated. The information was analyzed with the WHONET(®) 5.5 (WHO) software, following the 2009 recommendations of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, and summarized on an Excel(®) spreadsheet. A descriptive analysis with the calculation of proportions was performed. The trends were analyzed with Spearman rank correlation., Results: The 2007-2009 trends for bacterial resistance phenotypes show increased percentages of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium, imipenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, ciprofloxacin-resistant K. pneumoniae, ceftazidime-resistant Escherichia coli and cefotaxime-resistant Enterobacter cloacae (r = 1, P < 0.01), and reduced percentages of ciprofloxacin-resistant E. coli, ceftazidime-resistant K. pneumoniae, oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, ceftazidime-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and ciprofloxacin-resistant P. aeruginosa (r = -1, P < 0.01)., Conclusions: The trend analysis presented in this study is the baseline for establishing a national epidemiological surveillance subsystem. The trends observed reveal that bacterial resistance to antimicrobial drugs in hospitals in Colombia is a dynamic phenomenon, with evidence of the emergence of vancomycin-resistant E. faecium and imipenem-resistant K. pneumoniae phenotypes in the hospitals.

Five out of the seven recognized species of sea turtles (Testudines) occur on the Brazilian coast. The Barcode Initiative is an effort to undertake a molecular inventory of Earth biodiversity. Cytochrome Oxidase c subunit I (COI) molecular tags for sea turtle species have not yet been described. In this study, COI sequences for the five species of sea turtles that occur in Brazil were generated. These presented widely divergent haplotypes. All observed values were on the same range as those already described for other animal groups: the overall mean distance was 8.2%, the mean distance between families (Dermochelyidae and Cheloniidae) 11.7%, the mean intraspecific divergence 0.34%, and the mean distance within Cheloniidae 6.4%, this being 19-fold higher than the mean divergence observed within species. We obtained species-specific COI barcode tags that can be used for identifying each of the marine turtle species studied.

The leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) population that nests in Brazil is restricted to a few individuals, but high densities of pelagic individuals are observed along the southern and southeastern Brazilian coast. We investigated the diversity of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region in order to understand the relationship between nesting and pelagic leatherbacks from Brazil and elsewhere. High-quality 711-bp sequences were generated, analyzed, and compared with published data from worldwide populations. We detected the presence of shared haplotypes between nesting and pelagic aggregates from Brazil, as well as haplotypes shared with other nesting areas from the Atlantic and Pacific. Furthermore, the use of longer control region sequences allowed the subdivision of the common Atlantic haplotype A into 3 different haplotypes (A1, A3, and A4), thus improving the resolution of mtDNA-based leatherback phylogeography. The use of longer sequences partially supported a closer association between nesting and pelagic individuals from Brazil and pointed to a complex origin for the pelagic individuals in the Brazilian coast.

Cratylia argentea and C. mollis (Fabaceae-Papilionoideae) are legume shrubs native to the Cerrado and Caatinga, respectively. Both species show great resistance to drought and high nutritive value, which makes them a valuable forage resource in tropical regions. Cytogenetic studies were carried out on accessions of C. argentea and C. mollis from Germplasm Banks of Embrapa Gado de Leite (Juiz de Fora, MG) and Embrapa Semi-Arido (Petrolina, PE), respectively. Root tips were treated with 3 mM 8-hydroxyquinoline and slides were made using the air-dry technique. Karyotype description for each accession took into account the following features: chromosome number; total length, relative length and arm ratio of each chromosome; haploid set length, and degree of asymmetry. Mitotic metaphases in both species showed 2n = 22 chromosomes, where this is the first report of diploid number for C. mollis. Chromosome length was also quite similar for the two species, ranging from 5.08 to 2.50 microm in C. argentea and 5.12 to 2.51 microm in C. mollis, with haploid sets of equal size, measuring 38.10 and 37.85 microm, respectively. However, they did not show the same karyotypic formula, which was 5 m + 4 sm + 2 st for C. argentea and 7 m + 2 sm + 2 st for C. mollis. This indicates the occurrence of rearrangements within chromosomes I and VI. Both karyotypes showed a tendency for asymmetry.

The persistent activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic-adrenal-medullary axes in chronic stress response and in depression impairs the immune response and contributes to the development and progression of some types of cancer. This overview presents results from experimental animal models, human studies, and clinical evidence that various cellular and molecular immunological parameters are compromised in chronic stress and depression. At the cellular level, stressed and depressed patients had overall leukocytosis, high concentrations of circulating neutrophils, reduced mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation and neutrophil phagocytosis. At the molecular level, high levels of serum basal cortisol, acute phase proteins, specific antibodies against herpes simplex virus type 1 and Epstein Barr virus, plasma concentration of interleukins IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-alpha, and a shift in the balance of Th1 and Th2 immune response were observed. Both stress and depression were associated with the decreased cytotoxic T-cell and natural killer cell activities affecting the processes of the immune surveillance of tumours, and the events that modulate the development and the accumulation of somatic mutations and genomic instability. DNA damage, growth and angiogenic factors, proteases, matrix metalloproteinases, and reactive oxygen species were also related to the chronic stress response and depression. Behavioural strategies, psychological, and psychopharmacotherapeutic interventions that enhance effective coping and reduce affective distress showed beneficial effects in cancer patients. A better understanding of the bidirectional communication between the neuroendocrine and immune systems could contribute to novel clinical and treatment strategies in oncology.

Background: Validated clinical indicators of sleep disordered breathing (SDB) in children are scarce and none generated at moderate altitude where hypoxemic complications could be frequent and oximetry evaluation might be very efficient., Methods: A total of 158 children consecutively referred to a sleep clinic in Mexico City (2240 m) for suspected sleep apnea underwent clinical evaluation and nocturnal monitoring of pulse oximetry, snoring and body position., Results: Mean age was 4.9 years (SD 2.5) and 68.4% were males. A total of 84% of children were found with more than five desaturations per hour (>/=4%) while 63% and 34% had more than 10 and 20 desaturations, respectively. Based on logistic regression models, age