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Small catchments in mountainous regions affect downstream rivers as a primary source of sediment supply and also generate flash swasfloods, especially during extreme events. These floods have significantly shaped the catchments of small streams in the Mecsek Hills and some rural areas over the past two decades. However, there has been no previous study examining the hydromorphology of headwater catchments in low mountain environments in Hungary. The present study was meant to investigate the fundamental hydrogeomorphological properties of a first-order catchment. A customary and detailed GIS survey of 50-metre sections was aimed at deciphering flash flood vulnerability and geomorphic interrelations within a micro-watershed. We found moderate susceptibility to flash floods compared to the whole Mecsek Hills. Stable large woody debris jams were identified during the field survey as major geomorphic channel features functioning as natural barriers which drive channel evolution and reduce flood hazards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient synthetic route was developed to prepare hierarchically ordered mesoporous layered double hydroxide (LDH) materials. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was used as a sacrificial template to tune the interfacial properties of the LDH materials during the synthetic process. The SDS dose was optimized to obtain stable dispersions of the SDS-LDH composites, which were calcined, then rehydrated to prepare the desired LDH structures. Results of various characterization studies revealed a clear relationship between the colloidal stability of the SDS-LDH precursors and the structural features of the final materials, which was entirely SDS-free. A comparison to the reference LDH prepared by the traditional co-precipitation-calcination-rehydration method in the absence of SDS shed light on a remarkable increase in the specific surface area (one of the highest within the previously reported LDH materials) and pore volume as well as on the formation of a beneficial pore size distribution. As a proof of concept, the mesoporous LDH was applied as adsorbent for removal of nitrate and dichromate anions from aqueous samples, and excellent efficiency was observed in both sorption capacity and recyclability. These results make the obtained LDH a promising candidate as adsorbent in various industrial and environmental processes, wherever the use of mesoporous and organic content-free materials is required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• MnCo 2 O 4 has high activity & superior methane selectivity compared to published data. • MnCo 2 O 4 structure is stable and can be reactived. • Co/MnO interphase are responsible for methane production even at high temperatures. We report on a cobalt/manganese-oxide interface catalyst with outstanding activity and selectivity towards methane even at high temperatures and ambient pressure in CO 2 hydrogenation. The catalyst was formed from a MnCo 2 O 4 -based spinel structure during the oxidative-reductive pretreatment process just before the catalytic tests. Several Mn-, Fe- and Ni-containing cobaltite spinel and reverse spinel structures were tested to find the best overall performer. The reusable MnCo 2 O 4 -based structure featured a CO 2 consumption rate of ~8500 nmol*g−1*s−1. Even though methane is not the thermodynamically favoured product, it was produced with ~80% and ~50% selectivity at ambient pressure at 673 K and 823 K, respectively. This unexpected finding is linked to the presence of a unique nanostructured Co/Mn(II)O catalyst with a surface composition of Mn 3.3 Co 2.0 O 4.7 formed after the pretreatment activation step. Over this phase, the reduction of CO 2 progresses through bridge bonded formate located at the Co/Mn2+ interface and this is mostly responsible for high temperature methane formation. This hypothesis is proven here by the reported combination of ex-situ XRD, TPR, HRTEM-ED, HAADF-EDX and in-situ NAP-XPS and DRIFTS techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Synthesis and comprehensive characterization of Ce- and Bi-based CeBi mixed oxides. • The Ce-rich mixed oxide was active in the oxidation of toluene. • The Bi-rich mixed oxide was active in the Knoevenagel condensation. • Their mixture catalysed the oxidation-condensation reaction with full selectivity. • The domino reaction proceeded in aqueous environment. Both Bi- and Ce-based CeBi mixed oxides were prepared by a modified sol-gel process from their precursor salts. The mixed as well as the parent oxides were characterized by X-ray diffractometry, Raman, XPS, UV–DRS and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies, ICP–OES method, scanning and transmission electron microscopies as well as BET surface area, CO 2 - and NH 3 -temperature-programmed desorption measurements. After characterizing the morphology, the acid-base properties, the oxidation states of the cationic components and the porosity of these structures, their catalytic activities were probed in the Koevenagel condensation of benzaldehyde and diethyl malonate and the toluene oxidation to benzaldehyde reactions. Based on the catalytic activities of the oxides in the individual reactions, a catalyst mixture from the Bi- and Ce-based mixed oxides was used successfully in the toluene to benzaldehyde oxidation and benzaldehyde to benzylidene malonate Knoevenagel condensation domino reaction under environmentally benign conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ni(II)-containing layered double hydroxides (LDHs) were synthesized with various methods with the intention of placing the Ni(II) ions in different positions in/on the LDH. Ni(II) was introduced as a lattice-modifier into CaAl-, CaFe- and MgAl-LDHs or in the interlayer space in form of a complex anion or as the divalent component of NiAl-LDH or as surface dopant. The materials were structurally characterized by various instrumental methods; however, the final proof of lattice modification was proven by the Suzuki–Miyaura and the Heck coupling reactions. Each as-prepared catalyst was active and selective towards the coupling products with or without various additives. They could be recycled except the surface-doped material, in which intense leaching of the Ni(II) content was observed on reuse. Ni(II)-containing LDHs are active and recyclable catalysts in the Suzuki and Heck coupling reactions—this is the final proof that the Ni(II) ions are constituents of the lattice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The structure-forming properties of three 2 H -imidazole 2-thione derivatives were investigated in solution, the solid state as well as over polycrystalline gold surface. The molecules were synthesized in one of our labs, and their interactions were investigated by a range of instrumental methods (FT-IR spectroscopy, FT-IR and FT-Raman microscopies, scanning electron and atomic force microscopies) as well as molecular modelling. Short-range (in solution; N H⋯S hydrogen bonding) as well as long-range ordering (in the crystalline form; S H⋯N hydrogen bonding) of the molecules were observed, and pillared-like structures were seen over the polycrystalline surface. Highlights • Intermolecular interactions of 2H-imidazole thiones were studied. • H-bearing imidazole N and S are involved in H-bonding in solution and the solid state. • Over Au surface S Au coordination bonds fix the first layer, while long-range ordering is via S H⋯N H-bonding. • Verification is with IR and Raman spectroscopies and atomic force microscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The construction of Co(II)-amino acid complexes (l -histidine, l -cysteine, l -tyrosine) among the layers of CaAl-layered double hydroxide was attempted. The stepwise intercalation (introducing the anionic form of the amino acid first, then constructing the Co(II) complex) proved to be unsuccessful, while the direct ion exchange of the anionic form of the separately prepared complex provided with the Co(II) complex intercalated substances. The success of the intercalation was verified by X-ray diffractometry. The resulting composite materials were structurally characterized by a range of instrumental methods like UV–vis, inductively coupled plasma–optical emission, mid-range as well as far infrared spectroscopies and scanning electron microscopy. Highlights • Attempted intercalation of Co(II)-amino acid complexes among the layers of CaAl-LDH. • Successful intercalation was achieved using the anionic forms of the separately prepared complexes. • Verification by powder X-ray diffractometry. • Mapping the possible coordination sites with classical and instrumental methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • Successful synthesis of pristine and Fe(III)-amino acid intercalated CaAl-LDHs. • Models of the intercalated complexes based on the results of a range of experimental methods. • Successful applications the oxidations of cyclohexene and in Ullmann coupling. • The organic-inorganic composites proved to be efficient and recyclable catalysts. Abstract Synthesis of intercalated composites were carried out using CaAl-LDH (layered double hydroxide) as host and the anionic form of Fe(III)-amino acid complexes as guest materials. Intercalation was attempted with two methods either introducing the preformed complexes or constructing the complex among the layers of the LDH. After optimization of the synthesis parameters, structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy as well as mid and far infrared spectroscopies. Quantitative data about the intercalated complexes were collected by chemical analysis and X-ray absorption spectroscopy investigating the near edge region as well as the extended fine structure. Structural models based on characterization measurements are also given. Catalytic activities, selectivities and recycling abilities of the substances were studied in the oxidation reactions of cyclohexene with peracetic acid and in situ formed iodosylbenzene as oxidants in the liquid phase. The catalysts were active in the Ullmann-type etherification coupling reaction as well. The intercalated substances were found to be efficient and highly selective catalysts with very good recycling abilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An ultrasonically-enhanced mechanochemical method was developed to synthesize CaFe-layered double hydroxides (LDHs) with various interlayer anions (CO 3 2− , NO 3 − , ClO 4 − , N 3 − , F − , Cl − , Br − and I − ). The duration of pre-milling and ultrasonic irradiation and the variation of synthesis temperature in the wet chemical step were investigated to obtain the optimal parameters of preparation. The main method to characterize the products was X-ray diffractometry, but infrared and synchrotron-based X-ray absorption spectroscopies as well as thermogravimetric measurements were also used to learn about fine structural details. The synthesis method afforded successful intercalation of the anions, among others the azide anion, a rarely used counter ion providing a system, which enables safe handling the otherwise highly reactive anion. The X-ray absorption spectroscopic measurements revealed that the quality of the interlayered anions could modulate the spatial arrangement of the calcium ions around the iron(III) ions, but only in the second coordination sphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Host-guest composite materials were prepared applying the anionic forms of Ni(II)-amino acid ( l-histidine, l-cysteine, and l-tyrosine) as the guests and CaAl-layered double hydroxide (CaAl-LDH) as the host. The syntheses were performed either by introducing the amino acid anions first and then constructing the metal ion-amino acid complexes or intercalating the pre-prepared complexes in anionic forms. The pristine as well as the composite LDH samples were structurally characterized by X-ray diffractometry, mid IR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The structural features of the interlayer complexes were studied by UV-Vis, inductively coupled plasma optical emission, mid and far IR and X-ray absorption spectroscopies as well as energy-dispersed X-ray analysis. On the basis of the acquired data, structural models were constructed. The composites were applied as catalysts in the liquid-phase oxidation of cyclohexene applying peracetic acid and the in situ formed iodosyl benzene as oxidants. Using peracetic acid afforded epoxide, while applying iodosyl benzene provided cis diol as the major or exclusive oxidation product. The catalysts displayed good recycling properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photocatalytic decomposition of methylene blue was attempted over as-prepared Mn(II)Cr(III)-layered double hydroxide (LDH) containing Mn(II) and Cr(III) in 2:1 molar ratio. The LDH was prepared by the co-precipitation method, and was found to form at pH = 10 and at 80 °C following 24 h hydrothermal treatment. The Mn 2 Cr-LDH thus obtained was structurally characterized by X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The Mn 2 Cr-LDH displayed significant photocatalytic activity in the degradation of methylene blue under illumination with UV–vis light. The photocatalytic performance of the phase-pure and uncalcined Mn 2 Cr-LDH is practically identical to that of the commercially available Degussa P25 TiO 2 , and it was found to remain unaltered over five consecutive photocatalytic runs. The presence of the LDH structure in the composite is the prerequisite of the photocatalytic activity. Applying increasing calcination temperature, the LDH structure gradually collapses, and the Mn 2 Cr-LDH transforms to photocatalytically inactive double oxide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intercalated composite materials were prepared with CaAl-layered double hydroxide as host and Cu(II)-amino acid ( l -cysteine, l -histidine and l -tyrosine) complex anions as guests. Two methods (intercalation of the ligand first followed by constructing the complex; preforming the complex first, then introducing it among the layers of the host) and optimization of the synthesis conditions were performed to obtain composites having the complex exclusively among the layers. The composite materials were structurally characterized by powder X-ray diffractometry, mid infrared (IR) spectroscopy with ATR (attenuated total reflectance) or photoacoustic detections, transmission and scanning electron microscopies and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Structural features of the intercalant (coordination number, coordination sites) were elucidated by classical chemical and energy dispersive X-ray analyses, EPR (electron paramagnetic spectroscopy), X-ray absorption and far IR spectroscopies. Structural models based on these methods are also given. Catalytic activities, selectivities and recycling abilities of the substances were studied in the oxidation reactions of cyclohexene with peracetic acid and in situ formed iodosylbenzene as oxidants in the liquid phase. The catalysts were active in the Ullmann coupling reaction as well. The intercalated substances were found to be efficient and highly selective catalysts with very good recycling abilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intercalated composite materials were prepared with CaAl-layered double hydroxide as the host and Mn(II)–amino acid ( l -cysteine, l -histidine and l -tyrosine) complex anions as the guest. Two methods (intercalation of the ligand first followed by constructing the complex; preforming the complex first, then introducing it among the layers of the host) and optimization of the auxiliary conditions were performed to arrive at composites having the complex exclusively among the layers. The obtained substances were structurally characterized by powder X-ray diffractometry, mid IR spectroscopy in diffuse reflectance mode and with ATR or photoacoustic detections, and scanning electron microscopy. The structural features of the intercalant (coordination number, coordination sites) were elucidated by classical chemical and energy dispersive X-ray analyses, EPR, X-ray absorption and far IR spectroscopies. Structural models are also given. The catalytic activities, selectivities and recycling abilities of the substances were studied in the oxidation reactions of cyclohexene with peracetic acid and in situ formed iodosylbenzene as oxidants and allylic alcohol with peracetic acid, in the liquid phase. The intercalated substances proved to be efficient and highly selective (with peracetic acid: outstanding epoxide, with iodosylbenzene superior diol selectivities) catalysts with very good recycling abilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the syntheses, structure, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and the catalytic use in the oxidative transformations of cyclohexene of covalently grafted Fe(III)-complexes formed with various or various combinations of C-protected amino acid ( l-histidine, l-tyrosine, l-cysteine and l-cystine) ligands are presented. The structural features of the surface complexes were studied by XANES/EXAFS and mid/far-IR spectroscopies. The compositions of the complexes were determined by ICP-MS and the Kjeldahl method. The SOD activities of the materials were evaluated in a biochemical test reaction. The obtained materials were used as catalysts for the oxidation of cyclohexene with peracetic acid in acetone. Both covalent grafting and building the complex onto the surface of the chloropropylated silica gel were successful in most cases. In many instances, the obtained structures and the coordinating groups were found to substantially vary upon changing the conditions of the syntheses. All the covalently immobilized Fe(III)-complexes displayed SOD activities, and most of them were found to be capable of catalyzing the oxidation of cyclohexene with appreciably high activities and outstanding epoxide selectivities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Cu(Cit) complexes had the highest affinity to the protamine-coated HNT. • Charge neutralization by complex adsorption led to particle aggregation. • The presence of nanotubular supports improved the SOD-like function of Cu(Cit). Nanocomposites of antioxidant activity were developed by immobilization of a superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimicking metal complex on three types of nanotubular systems. First, bare halloysite nanotubes (h-HNT) and then, protamine sulfate (PSP) functionalized h-HNT (h-HNT-PSP) and finally polyimidazolium-based polymer (IP-2) coated h-HNT (h-HNT-IP-2) were used as carriers of copper(II)-citrate (Cu(Cit)) complexes in aqueous dispersions. Stable colloids were obtained at low Cu(Cit) concentrations in all systems, while particle aggregation occurred for h-HNT-PSP and h-HNT-IP-2 at elevated complex doses due to adsorption of Cu(Cit) and decrease in the magnitude of surface charges. Enzymatic assays showed that Cu(Cit) possesses significant SOD-like function in homogeneous solution. Upon immobilization on h-HNT-PSP and h-HNT-IP-2, higher superoxide radical anion scavenging activities were obtained than for the non-immobilized Cu(Cit) complex due to structural changes and to the possible interaction between the radicals and the oppositely charged carriers. The developed nanotubular systems are promising candidates as antioxidant agents in various processes, where natural or immobilized enzymes are not adequate choices giving rise to their high sensitivity to the environmental conditions and to the subsequent loss of enzymatic activity. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Covalently anchored Ni(II)–C-protected amino acid ( l -histidine, l -cysteine, and l -cystine) complexes inspired by the active site of the Ni-superoxide dismutase enzyme were synthesised using chloropropylated silica gel as support. The structural features of the surface complexes were studied by the Kjeldahl method and ICP-MS, mid/far IR, UV–vis diffuse reflectance, and X-ray absorption spectroscopies. The enzyme-like activities of the materials were determined in a biochemical test reaction. Covalent grafting and building the complex onto the surface of the support were successful in all cases. It was found that in many instances the structures obtained and the coordinating groups substantially varied upon changing the conditions of the syntheses. All the covalently immobilised Ni(II)-complexes displayed enzyme-like activity. They also were active in the liquid-phase oxidation of cyclohexene, providing the epoxide with high selectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Three β-cyclodextrin-based chiral stationary phases were developed applying novel bonding chemistry. The separation performances of β-cyclodextrin, (R,S)-2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, and permethyl-β-cyclodextrin-based CSPs were compared in the resolution of structurally divergent analytes, such as coumarins, dansyl amino acids, and propionic acid derivatives. Separations were carried out in reversed phase mode applying 0.1% triethylammonium phosphate (pH 3.5)/MeOH mobile phase systems in different compositions. Of the three novel CSPs the permethyl-β-cyclodextrin bonded phase proved to be the most effective one for the enantioseparation of investigated analytes. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Preparation of (6-monoureido-6-monodeoxy) permethylated β-cyclodextrin bonded chiral stationary phase from permethylated 6-monoamino-6-monodeoxy-β-cyclodextrin is described. The optimized chiral stationary phase was evaluated by using HPLC separation of racemates of coumarin derivatives. Column characterization was performed by solid-state 13C, 15N, 29Si NMR using cross-polarization at the magic angle spinning. The development process was supported by CE experiments where the complex formation between cyclodextrins and warfarin was investigated. The results demonstrate good enantio-discrimination for coumarin derivatives. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a brain-gut peptide; it functions both as a neuropeptide and as a gut hormone. Although the pancreas and the gallbladder were long thought to be the principal peripheral targets of CCK, CCK receptors are found throughout the gut. It is likely that CCK has a physiological role not only in the stimulation of pancreatic and biliary secretions but also in the regulation of gastrointestinal motility. The motor effects of CCK include postprandial inhibition of gastric emptying and inhibition of colonic transit. It is now evident that at least two different receptors, CCK1 and CCK2 (formerly CCK-A and CCK-B, respectively), mediate the actions of CCK. Both localization and functional studies suggest that the motor effects of CCK are mediated by CCK1 receptors in humans. Since CCK is involved in sensory and motor responses to distension in the intestinal tract, it may contribute to the symptoms of constipation, bloating and abdominal pain that are often characteristic of functional gastrointestinal disorders in general and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), in particular. CCK1 receptor antagonists are therefore currently under development for the treatment of constipation-predominant IBS. Clinical studies suggest that CCK1 receptor antagonists are effective facilitators of gastric emptying and inhibitors of gallbladder contraction and can accelerate colonic transit time in healthy volunteers and patients with IBS. These drugs are therefore potentially of great value in the treatment of motility disorders such as constipation and constipation-predominant IBS.British Journal of Pharmacology (2004) 141, 1275-1284. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0705769 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Registering the far IR spectra of metal ion-monofunctional ligand complexes. [•] Assigning metal ion–Nimidazole(amino) or metal ion–O(carboxylate) vibrations. [•] Transferring the data to the far IR spectra of grafted Ni(II)–amino acid complexes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hybrid E-cinnamate- and Z-cinnamate-intercalated layered double hydroxides (Mg 2 Al- E- or Z-Cin LDH and Zn 2 Al- E- or Z - Cin LDH) were prepared by the co-precipitation method, and structurally characterised by powder X-ray diffractometry, UV–Vis, FT-IR and 13C CP MAS solid-state NMR spectroscopies to gain further insights on the arrangement of the organic anions in the interlamellar domain. UV light irradiation induced E–Z isomerisation reaction was subsequently attempted in the solid state and in methanolic suspension. Although reaction was observed in the solid state; however, E–Z isomerisation mainly occurred in the slurry phase. The fact that there was no isomerisation when E-Cin was solely adsorbed on the surfaces of pristine LDHs highlights that the reaction took place in the interlayer region. Similar behaviour was observed for the two LDH compositions proving that the LDH structures acted as nanoreactors confining the photoinduced isomerisation. • Intercalation and structural description of cinnamate isomers intercalated in MgAl and ZnAl LDHs. • E-Z isomerisation in the solid state and in slurry. • Isomerisation is followed and verified by various spectroscopic methods (FT-IR, UV–Vis, 13C CP MAS NMR). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Synthesis and comprehensive structural characterization of the novel CuIBiOI. • Green reaction conditions were identified for the Ullmann-type CN coupling over CuIBiOI. • CuIBiOI was found to be highly active and selective catalyst in the Ullmann-type CN coupling for a wide scope of compounds. • CuIBiOI had remarkably good recycling ability. Preparation of a new, mixed-cationic layered CuIBiOI was prepared and its non-photocatalytic catalytic properties were explored. This solid substance had BiOI-like, lamellar and deflected structure resulting from CuI ion incorporation in the Bi 2 O 2 layers. The as-prepared substance was fully characterized by XRD, Raman, far IR, UV DR, XP spectroscopies, thermal (TG-DTG) and analytical (ICP-MS, SEM-EDX) methods, electron microscopies (SEM, TEM) as well as BET surface area measurements. By performing Ullmann-type CN coupling reactions between aryl halides and aqueous ammonia, its catalytic capabilities were tested. The effects of solvents, added base and catalyst loading as well as reaction time and reaction temperature were scrutinized, and a green way for the reaction was identified. The recyclability of the catalyst without the loss of activity and its general applicability for a wide range of aryl halides were also demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Intercalation of β-isocupreidinate among the layers of CaAl-LDH. • Intercalation of β-isocupreidinate among the layers of silylated CaAl-LDH. • Structural characterization (XRD, SEM, two types of IR techniques) of the composites. • Using the composites as catalysts in Michael addition producing chiral adducts. • Studying their recycling abilities and the structural changes upon reuse. β-isocupreidinate (β-iCu) anions having well-known structure and catalytic activity in various asymmetric reactions, were incorporated into the interlayer gallery of hydrocalumite (CaAl-LDH) by the partial delamination-restacking method. Silylation of the outer surface of the LDH with trimethyl silane was also employed to avoid the adsorption of β-iCu on the outer surface and to block the basic sites there. The obtained materials were characterized by a range of instrumental methods (X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, ATR-IR and grazing incidence IR spectroscopies). The catalytic activities of the composites were tested in the asymmetric Michael addition of β-nitrostyrene and ethyl 2-fluoroacetoacetate. The β-iCu-pillared LDHs proved to be active and recyclable catalysts with very good diastereoselectivities and acceptable and in 2-propanol very good enantioselectivities. The silylated composite retained its activity and diastereoselectivity even in the third repeated run, when heptane was the solvent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Women are typically diagnosed with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer around the postmenopausal period when declining estrogen levels initiate changes in lipid profiles. Aromatase inhibitors (AI) are used to prevent the progression of cancer; however, a further reduction in estrogen levels may have detrimental effects on lipid levels, which was our working hypothesis. Methods: Our meta-analysis was conducted on the lipid profiles of postmenopausal breast cancer patients at baseline and at different treatment time points. Results: We identified 15 studies, including 1708 patients. Studies using anastrozole (ANA), exemestane (EXE), letrozole (LET), and tamoxifen (TMX) were involved. Subgroup analyses revealed that 3- and 12-month administrations of LET and EXE lead to negative changes in lipid profiles that tend to alter the lipid profile undesirably, unlike ANA and TMX. Conclusions: Our results suggest that, despite statistically significant results, EXE and LET may not be sufficient to cause severe dyslipidemia in patients without cardiovascular comorbidities according to the AHA/ACC Guideline on the Management of Blood Cholesterol. However, the results may raise the question of monitoring the effects of AIs in patients, especially those with pre-existing cardiovascular risk factors such as dyslipidemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biocompatible Cu(II)-doped layered double hydroxide (CMA) nanoparticles were developed to combat reactive oxygen species. The 2-dimensional nanozymes showed both superoxide dismutase- and catalase-like activities in chemical assays, while proving as efficient antioxidants in the reduction of intracellular oxidative stress. The results indicate the great promise of CMA in antioxidant therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to investigate the biological outcomes of bone‐level implants restored with long vs. short abutments, with regard to the 'one abutment at one time' protocol. The systematic search was performed in five databases: MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, and CENTRAL for randomized controlled trials up to January 14, 2023. Data were collected for marginal bone loss, bleeding on probing, and probing pocket depth by two reviewers. As effect size measure, mean difference (MD), and risk ratio (RR) were used for continuous and categorical outcomes, R‐statistics software was used for conducting statistical analyses. For quality and certainty assessment, Risk of Bias Tool 2, ROBINS‐I, and GRADE approach were used. The search resulted in 4055 records without any duplicates. After title, abstract, and full‐text analysis, eight articles were found eligible for inclusion. Bone‐level and platform‐switched implants presented less marginal bone loss after 6 months and 1 year as well, when long abutments were used (MD 0.63, 95% CI: [−0.16; 1.42]) and (MD 0.26, 95% CI: [−0.02; 0.53]). However, subgroup analysis revealed no difference in marginal bone loss when applying 'one abutment at one time' protocol (p = 0.973). Bleeding on probing and probing pocket depth presented similarly good results in both groups without almost any differences (RR 0.97, 95% CI: [0.76; 1.23]) and (MD −0.05, 95% CI: [−1.11; 1.01]). Longer abutments on bone‐level implants seem to be a favorable choice for decreasing early marginal bone loss, irrespective of connection timing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to its important role in both healthy groups and those with physical, mental and behavioral disorders, impulsivity is a widely researched construct. Among various self-report questionnaires of impulsivity, the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale is arguably the most frequently used measure. Despite its international use, inconsistencies in the suggested factor structure of its latest version, the BIS-11, have been observed repeatedly in different samples. The goal of the present study was therefore to test the factor structure of the BIS-11 in several samples. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted on two representative samples of Hungarian adults (N = 2,457; N = 2,040) and a college sample (N = 765). Analyses did not confirm the original model of the measure in any of the samples. Based on explorative factor analyses, an alternative three-factor model (cognitive impulsivity; behavioral impulsivity; and impatience/restlessness) of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale is suggested. The pattern of the associations between the three factors and aggression, exercise, smoking, alcohol use, and psychological distress supports the construct validity of this new model. The new measurement model of impulsivity was confirmed in two independent samples. However, it requires further cross-cultural validation to clarify the content of self-reported impulsivity in both clinical and nonclinical samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Levodopa (LEVO) as the gold standard in the treatment of Parkinson's disease is usually administrated per os but its bioavailability is low. The intranasal administration is a potential alternative route to increase bioavailability of the drug and treat the off period. Our aim was to develop LEVO-containing binary nasal powders with different excipients by dry cogrinding process. The interactions between the components were examined. The optimized cogrinding process parameters (LEVO:excipient ratio and grinding time) resulted in the desired particle size range (5-40 μm). The α-cyclodextrin and poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) had an intensive crystallinity degree reducing effect on LEVO measured by XRPD, and they functioned as cogrinding agents. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA), and D-mannitol associate around the LEVO crystals preventing its crystalline structure. Hydrogen bonding was detected only for LEVO-PVP and LEVO-D-mannitol used Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy. Chemical degradation of LEVO in the products was not detected even after the accelerated stability test. The dissolution profile of the products can be characterized by the first-order kinetic model with different dissolution rate. The dissolution rate of LEVO was increased with α-cyclodextrin and PVP, and the drug release decreased in the case of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, PVA, and D-mannitol compared to the LEVO powder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We conducted a meta-analysis and systematic review to investigate the efficacy of chitosan-containing chewing gums, and to test their inhibitory effects on Streptococcus mutans. The systematic search was performed in three databases (Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and PubMed) and included English-language randomized–controlled trials to compare the efficacy of chitosan in reducing the number of S. mutans. To assess the certainty of evidence, the GRADE tool was used. Mean differences were calculated with a 95% confidence interval for one outcome: bacterial counts in CFU/mL. The protocol of the study was registered on PROSPERO, registration number CRD42022365006. Articles were downloaded (n = 6758) from EMBASE (n = 2255), PubMed (n = 1516), and Cochrane (n = 2987). After the selection process, a total of four articles were included in the qualitative synthesis and three in the quantitative synthesis. Our results show that chitosan reduced the number of bacteria. The difference in mean quantity was −4.68 × 105. The interval of the random-effects model was [−2.15 × 106; 1.21 × 106] and the prediction interval was [1.03 × 107; 9.40 × 106]. The I2 value was 98% (p = 0.35), which indicates a high degree of heterogeneity. Chitosan has some antibacterial effects when used as a component of chewing gum, but further studies are needed. It can be a promising antimicrobial agent for prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The adult central nervous system has only a very limited ability to newly generate lost neurons and glial cells. Therefore, its self-renewal efficiency after degenerative damage or acute injuries is very limited. Mesenchymal stem cells of various tissue origins, including dental tissues, are among the most promising tools in stem cell therapeutic approaches. In a previous issue of Stem Cell Research & Therapy, Ellis and colleagues demonstrated the neuronal differentiation potential of murine dental pulp stem cells. Our commentary discusses the significance of the study, the parallel efforts of other laboratories, the present limitations of neuronal transdifferentiation using cells obtained by various available methods, and the possible breakthrough by combining the various cellular resources with pharmacological and tissue engineering methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This forum communication is written to call attention to a missing reference in the article of “Kovács, J., et al. Reconstructing the paleoenvironment of East Central Europe in the Late Pleistocene using the oxygen and carbon isotopic signal of tooth in large mammal remains” (http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2012.04.009). In this article we present the excavation conditions of the faunal finds of Kozármisleny. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) consist of layers with two or three positively charged metal ions surrounded by hydroxide ions, water molecules and partially or fully hydrated exchangeable charge-compensating anions between the layers. These materials have many application possibilities. In this work, CaAl-LDH samples were synthesized and used as catalysts. The esterification reactions of acetate and benzoate ions were studied with benzyl bromide under solvent-free conditions over CaAl-LDH samples. The as-prepared as well as the used LDH samples were characterized with X-ray diffractometry, and the reaction products were identified by ATR-IR spectroscopy. Highlights • Acetate- and benzoate-containing CaAl-LDH samples were prepared ions by co-precipitation. • The organic anion-containing samples could be used successfully in the esterification with benzyl bromide. • The reaction and changes in the LDH structure were followed by XRD, ATR-IR and SEM–EDX. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glucose-to-fructose isomerization is the key process in the reaction sequence that can lead to the total conversion of biomass into valuable fine chemicals. However, it is challenging to find an efficient, cost-effective- and waste-minimized process to produce High Fructose Corn Syrup (HFCS) without using non-green approaches. To this end, hydrotalcite (MgAl-layered double hydroxides (MgAl-LDH)) catalyzed glucose isomerization in ethanol seemed to be one of the most promising processes in the last decade. In contrast to the well-studied reaction carried out in aqueous solutions, when ethanolic solutions are used, many potentially important properties of the LDHs cannot be studied in terms of how they affect their own catalytic abilities. Neither the effect of the basic site distribution, nor the morphological aspects and the role of surface hydration have been elucidated so far. In this study, the systematic alteration of the textural and structural parameters of hydrotalcites and hydrocalumites (Ca2Al-LDH) revealed clear structure–activity-selectivity relationships. These indicate that the rate-determining factor is the hydrophilicity and the LDH surface factors affecting it, which determine the catalytic performance of the LDH catalyst more than any other factor. This is evidenced by the fact that the catalytic efficiency of hydrotalcites can be improved by reducing their basicity. When isomerizations catalyzed by the easily recyclable LDH with suitable surface features are carried out, a truly similar catalytic performance (71% glucose conversion, 83% fructose selectivity, 59% fructose yield) can be achieved as was previously described, but at a significantly lower reaction temperature (120 °C → 80 °C). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synthesis and characterization of a silver-containing hybrid material is reported as a novel heterogeneous noble metal catalyst. In order to eliminate the need for traditional immobilization techniques, and to create a solid material with structurally-bound silver catalytic centers, the layered structure of a naturally occurring mineral served as the basis of the initial catalyst design. The novel material was prepared by means of the urea-mediated homogeneous precipitation of the corresponding metal nitrates, and was fully characterized by means of diverse instrumental techniques (X-ray diffractometry, Raman, IR, UV-Vis, EPR, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies, thermal methods as well as atomic force, scanning and transmission electron microscopies). The as-prepared material exhibited outstanding activity in silver-catalyzed C≡C bond activation to yield organic nitriles directly from terminal alkynes with less environmental concerns as compared to the classical synthesis methods. The effects of the reaction time, the temperature, as well as the role of various solvents, nitrogen sources and additives were carefully scrutinized in order to achieve high-yielding and selective nitrile formation. The heterogeneous nature of the reaction was verified and the solid catalyst was recycled and reused numerous times without loss of its activity or degradation of its structure, thereby offering a sustainable synthetic methodology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are found in almost all postnatal organs. Under appropriate environmental cues, multipotency enables MSCs to serve as progenitors for several lineage-specific, differentiated cell types. In vitro expansion and differentiation of MSCs give the opportunity to obtain hardly available somatic cells, such as neurons. The neurogenic potential of MSCs makes them a promising, autologous source to restore damaged tissue and as such, they have received much attention in the field of regenerative medicine. Several stem cell pool candidates have been studied thus far, but only a few of them showed neurogenic differentiation potential. Due to their embryonic ontology, stem cells residing in the stroma of the dental pulp chamber are an exciting source for in vitro neural cell differentiation. In this study, we review the key properties of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), with a particular focus on their neurogenic potential. Moreover, we summarize the various presently available methods used for neural differentiation of human DPSCs also emphasizing the difficulties in reproducibly high production of such cells. We postulate that because DPSCs are stem cells with very close ontology to neurogenic lineages, they may serve as excellent targets for neuronal differentiation in vitro and even for direct reprogramming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

2-Cyano-2-(hydroxyimino)dithioacetic acid was prepared starting from cyanoacetic acid methylester via 2-cyano-2-(hydroxyimino)acetic acid methylester. Before thionation, the ester had to be hydrolyzed. The optimum conditions for each reaction were identified. PS was found to be the efficient thionation reactant resulting in the formation of the dithionated product. Its structure was verified with IR, NMR and mass spectrometric measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: We aimed to conduct a systematic review on published data in order to investigate the efficacy of mouthwash products containing chlorine dioxide in halitosis. Study design: Systematic review and meta-analysis Methods: Our search was conducted on 14th October 2021. We searched the following electronic databases: MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and CENTRAL. We analysed data on adults with halitosis, included only randomised controlled trials and excluded in vitro and animal studies. The interventional groups used chlorine dioxide, and the comparator groups used a placebo or other mouthwash. Our primary outcomes were changes in organoleptic test scores (OLS) and Volatile Sulfur Compound (VSC) levels from baseline to the last available follow-up. Results: We found 325 articles in databases. After the selection process, ten articles were eligible for qualitative synthesis, and 7 RCTs with 234 patients were involved in the meta-analysis. Our findings showed a significant improvement in the parameters of the chlorine dioxide group compared to the placebo group in OLS one-day data (mean difference (MD): -0.82; 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs): [-1.04 –-0.6]; heterogeneity: I2 = 0%, p = 0.67); and one-week OLS data (MD: -0.24; 95% CIs: [-0.41 –-0.07]; I2 = 0%, p = 0.52); and also changes in H2S one-day data (standardised mean difference (SMD): -1.81; 95% CIs: [-2.52 –-1.10]); I2 = 73.4%, p = 0.02). Conclusion: Our data indicate that chlorine dioxide mouthwash may be a good supportive therapy in oral halitosis without known side effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effective oxidative transformation of toluene into valuable products was achieved under solvent‐free reaction conditions with as‐prepared nickel nanoparticles as heterogeneous catalysts in liquid phase. The crystalline structure and size of the as‐prepared nanoparticles were confirmed by X‐ray diffractometry (XRD) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The catalytic implications of the different crystalline forms (face‐centred cubic: fcc; hexagonal close‐packed: hcp) of these nanocatalysts were investigated. The product selectivity of toluene oxidation was found to vary depending on the crystalline forms of the catalyst. Fcc nanocatalysts showed remarkable chemoselectivity (83 mol %) for the product benzyl alcohol and were readily reusable. In contrast, the hcp Ni phase showed reasonable reusability but lower chemoselectivity (29 mol %) compared to its fcc counterpart. Moreover, the simple organic solvents used had a remarkable effect on the crystal structure and phase purity of the Ni nanocrystals, which also affected the catalytic process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Cooperative catalysts based on Bi 2 O 2 CO 3 /TMO for oxidative reactions were produced. • Water-tolerant oxidative conversion of aminoaniline and benzylamine were performed. • The identified interfacial sites dictated the catalytic efficiency. Cooperative Bi(III)/Co(II) and Bi(III)/Mn(II) heterogeneous catalysts have been developed enabling efficient oxidative annulations for preparing both cross-coupled imines and benzimidazoles under ambient conditions in an atom-economic and time-efficient manner, involving ambient air as oxidant and without the need of any other additives. This is the first synergistic Lewis acid/transition metal catalyzed annulation which is potentiated by the interfaces between the building blocks of the catalysts. To achieve our goals, a useful fabrication process has been developed to heterogenize the transition metal ions via strong interactions on well-known Sillèn-type bismuth subcarbonate (bismutite). Their reusability, activity and selectivity as well as water-tolerance have made them potential competitors to effective heterogeneous/homogeneous catalysts reported previously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Litz wires consist of many individual, isolated conductor strands. Certain litz wires are fabricated by simply twisting the bundle of strands, hence a wire pitch is realized. In this paper, the ac resistance of coils made of such twisted litz wire are calculated by combining two-dimensional finite element simulation and circuit laws. In so doing, the inherently three-dimensional problem can be solved at much lower computational cost. Results are presented for the current distribution, and for the alternating current resistance of coils, validated against measured data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past decades, in the mountainous, hilly and/or urban areas of Hungary several high-intensity storms were followed by severe flash flooding and other hydrologic consequences. The overall aim of this paper was to upgrade the national flash flood susceptibility map of Hungary first published by Czigány et al. (2011). One elementary watershed level (FFSIws) and three settlement level flash flood susceptibility maps (FFSIs) were constructed using 13 environmental factors that influence flash flood generation. FFSI maps were verified by 2,677 documented flash flood events. In total, 5,458 watersheds were delineated. Almost exactly 10% of all delineated watersheds were included into the category of extreme susceptibility. While the number of the mean-based FFSIs demonstrated a normal quasi-Gaussian distribution with very low percentages in the quintile of low and extreme categories, the maximum-based FFSIs overemphasized the proportion of settlements of high and extreme susceptibility. These two categories combined accounted for more than 50% of all settlements. The highest accuracy at 59.02% for class 5 (highest susceptibility) was found for the majority based FFSIs. The current map has been improved compared to the former one in terms of (i) a higher number of conditional factors considered, (ii) higher resolution, (iii) being settlement-based and (iv) a higher number of events used for verification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Statins are used to treat hypercholesterolemia, with several pleiotropic effects. Alongside their positive effects (for example, decreasing blood pressure), they can also bring about negative effects/symptoms (such as myopathy). Their main mechanism of action is inducing apoptosis, the key step being the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria. This can be facilitated by oxidative stress, through which glutathione is oxidized. In this research, glutathione was used as a respiratory substrate to measure the mitochondrial oxygen consumption of rat liver with an O2 electrode. The reduction of cytochrome c was monitored photometrically. Hydrophilic (pravastatin) and lipophilic (simvastatin) statins were used for the measurements. Pravastatin reduces the reduction of cytochrome c and the oxygen consumption of the mitochondria, while simvastatin, on the other hand, increases the reduction of cytochrome c and the mitochondrial oxygen consumption. The results make it seem probable that statins influence the mitochondrial oxygen consumption through cytochrome c. Simvastatin could enhance the oxidizing capacity of free cytochrome c, thereby increasing oxidative stress and thus facilitating apoptosis. The observed effects could further the understanding of the mechanism of action of statins and thereby aid in constructing optimal statin therapy for every patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The detection and quantification of antioxidant molecules is an important task in food science, the fine chemical industry and healthcare. Antioxidants help in preventing the deterioration of nutrition and healthcare products, while eliminating over-the-limit exogenic reactive species, which may lead to illnesses. In our contribution, an inexpensive and rapid method to determine the concentration of various molecular antioxidants was developed. The principle of the analysis relies on the cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity (CuPRAC) method, which is based on the color-changing reduction of chelated Cu2+ ions. This complex was successfully immobilized on an alginate-functionalized layered double hydroxide (dLDH) nanosheet via electrostatic interactions. The synthesis conditions of alginate (NaAlg) and the cupric complex were optimized, and the optimized composite was fabricated on cellulose paper to obtain a sensing platform. The paper-based sensor was superior to the ones prepared without the dLDH support, as the limit of detection (LOD) values decreased, and the linearity ranges broadened. The results offer a single-point measurement to evaluate the antioxidant efficiency in a cuvette-based method. The superior ability of the sensor was assigned to the presence of solid dLDH particles, as they offer adsorption sites for the dissolved antioxidant molecules, which contributes significantly to the decrease of the diffusion limitation during the detection process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Maternal overnutrition during pregnancy predisposes the offspring to cardiometabolic diseases. Objectives: This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to investigate the association between maternal overnutrition and offspring's blood pressure (BP) and the effect of offspring's obesity on this association. Data sources: PubMed, EMBASE, Clinicaltrials.gov, CENTRAL. Study selection and data extraction: Human studies published in English before October 2021 were identified that presented quantitative estimates of association between maternal overnutrition just before or during pregnancy and the offspring's BP. Synthesis: Random‐effect model with the DerSimonian and Laird weighting method was used to analyse regression coefficients or mean differences. Results: After selection, 17 observational studies (140,517 mother‐offspring pairs) were included. Prepregnancy body mass index (ppBMI) showed positive correlation with BP in offspring (regression coefficient for systolic: 0.38 mmHg per kg/m2, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.17, 0.58; diastolic: 0.10 mmHg per kg/m2, 95% CI 0.05, 0.14). These indicate 1.9 mmHg increase in systolic and 0.5 mmHg increase in diastolic BP of offspring with every 5 kg/m2 gain in maternal ppBMI. Results on coefficients adjusted for offspring's BMI also showed association (systolic: 0.08 mmHg per kg/m2, 95% CI 0.04, 0.11; diastolic: 0.03 mmHg per kg/m2, 95% CI 0.01, 0.04). Independent from ppBMI, gestational weight gain (GWG) showed positive correlation with systolic BP (systolic BP: 0.05 mmHg per kg, 95% CI 0.01, 0.09), but not after adjustment for offspring's BMI. Mean systolic BP was higher in children of mothers with excessive GWG than in those of mothers with optimal GWG (difference: 0.65 mmHg, 95% CI 0.25, 1.05). Conclusions: Independent from offspring's BMI, higher prepregnancy BMI may increase the risk for hypertension in offspring. The positive association between GWG and offspring's systolic BP is indirect via offspring's obesity. Reduction in maternal obesity and treatment of obesity in children of obese mothers are needed to prevent hypertension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wedge structures and involutions suggest that Late Pleistocene frozen ground, either permafrost or deep seasonal frost, extended at least as far south as latitude 47° N in central Europe (the Pannonian Basin). Optically stimulated luminescence dating of the sand infill from a number of wedges indicates that emplacement of the sand infill occurred during the Late Pleistocene (22.2-15.7 ka). This suggests that during this time the mean annual air temperature was depressed by at least ∼15° C relative to the present. Either continuous or discontinuous permafrost was probably present in the north and NW of the Pannonian Basin. The subsequent thaw of frozen ground is indicated by the widespread occurrence of deformed sediments. The presence of soil (ground) wedges suggests conditions of deep seasonal frost probably existed during the period when climate ameliorated following the Last Permafrost Maximum ( LPM). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Nematodes are key components of soil ecosystems and important bioindicators. The effect of soil contamination on soil biota may be studied very well with nematodes due to their small size, semipermeable cuticle and complex life processes. The uptake of three elements (copper, chromium and zinc) was studied by means of electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and focused ion beam (FIB) technique. Adult females of the plant-feeding nematode, Xiphinema vuittenezi were investigated. The animals were treated with 1mmol/dm3 Cu(NO3)2 or CuSO4; 50mmol/dm3 K2CrO4 solutions and 50mg/dm3 nano-ZnO suspension. Following the treatment, nematodes were rinsed, plunged into liquid nitrogen for 2min in order to carry out quick-freezing and lyophilized for 72h. The stylet and cuticle were studied in case of the CuSO4 treated worm by EPMA. In the cuticle, the distribution of copper and sulfur showed high correlation. In the stylet and the lip surrounding the stylet, much more sulfur was found, than elsewhere, while the copper intensity was higher than the average just in the lip region. In case of nematodes treated with Cu(NO3)2 or K2CrO4 solutions or ZnO suspension, focused ion beam technique was applied in order to prepare cross-sections. One-dimensional distribution of the treating elements, furthermore phosphorus and sulfur was studied. In all cases the treating elements (Cu, Cr, Zn) and the above-mentioned two essential microelements showed a similar pattern: decreasing intensity toward the center of the cross-section. Consequently, the main element uptake route is the cuticle and not the gut. The correlations between the treating elements and phosphorus as well as sulfur (high correlation for Cr and P; Cr and S; Cu and S; moderate correlation for all other combinations) suggest the role of these elements in toxicant binding and detoxification. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• Equilibria in strongly alkaline solutions of Nd3+ and d -gluconate were studied. • Formation of mono- and binuclear complexes was proven in solutions of p H > 12. • Nd 2 Gluc 4 H –5 3–, Nd 2 Gluc 4 H –6 4–, Nd 2 Gluc 6 H –4 4–, Nd 2 Gluc 6 H –5 5– and NdGluc 2 H –5 4– were identified. • The stability constants of these mono- and binuclear complexes were determined. • The model was validated with NMR, Raman, ESI-MS and freezing-point depression. The composition and stability constants (or formation constants) of complexes comprising of d -gluconate (Gluc–) and Nd3+ has been determined via potentiometry and Vis-spectrophotometry in aqueous solutions at 4.0 M (NaCl) ionic strength and in alkaline conditions. The chemical model derived from these measurements were complemented with freezing-point depression, Raman, ESI-MS and 1H/13C NMR measurements, some of these contributed to reveal structural features of the complexes formed. The presence of four variously protonated binuclear (Nd 2 Gluc 4 H –5 3–, Nd 2 Gluc 4 H –6 4–, Nd 2 Gluc 6 H –4 4–, Nd 2 Gluc 6 H –5 5–) and a mononuclear (NdGluc 2 H –5 4–) complexes were detected in highly alkaline media. The main coordination sites are the carboxylate and the alcoholate group attached to the C2 and C3 carbon atoms. The chemical picture obtained from our studies is of potential relevance in modeling some aspects of the aqueous chemistry of low or intermediate level radioactive waste (L/ILW) repositories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Terrestrial red clays underlying Quaternary loess deposits, or filling fissures and recently existing caves in limestone are named Tengelic Red Clay Formation and Kerecsend Red Clay Formation (Middle Pliocene to Lower Pleistocene). They occur in three types in Hungary. (1) The oldest red clays are mainly in situ weathering crusts rich in kaolinite, formed in warm, humid, subtropical or monsoon climate; (2) the younger type is rich in smectite and goethite; and (3) illite and chlorite dominant in the youngest part, which formed under warm and dry climates in savannah, steppe or forest steppe environments, and is of wind-blown origin. Representative samples were selected for study from a large number of profiles. Mineralogical, some micromorphological, and geochemical investigations of typical samples of red clays in Hungary were performed. This review focuses on the origin, development and distribution in the Pannonian basin. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Total gastrectomy results in a significant weight loss, different postgastrectomy symptoms, and a reduction in quality of life. Elaborate surgical reconstruction methods are evaluated to improve results. The present study compares two types of reconstructions—an aboral pouch with preserved duodenal passage and an oral pouch with preserved duodenal passage—differing only in the site of the pouch. Twenty-eight patients entered the study. Primary outcome measures—body weight, body mass index, and quality of life, and secondary outcome measures—serum nutritional parameters, scintigraphic small-intestinal passage, and lipid and carbohydrate absorption were measured 6, 12, and 24 months after surgery. No significant differences were found in anthropometric parameters or in quality of life between the groups. Regarding the secondary outcome measures, albumin levels were higher in the oral pouch group, while protein and immunoglobulin-A levels were higher in the aboral pouch group. The site of the reservoir does not significantly influence the outcome after total gastrectomy and reconstruction with a preserved duodenal passage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]