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Vanadium (V) is a trace mineral whose biological activity, role as a micronutrient, and pharmacotherapeutic applications remain unknown. Over the last years, interest in V has increased due to its potential use as an antidiabetic agent mediated by its ability to improve glycemic metabolism. However, some toxicological aspects limit its potential therapeutic application. The present study aims to evaluate the effect of the co-treatment with copper (Cu) and bis(maltolato)oxovanadium(IV) (BMOV) as a possible strategy to reduce the toxicity of BMOV. Treating hepatic cells with BMOV reduced cell viability under the present conditions, but cell viability was corrected when cells were co-incubated with BMOV and Cu. Additionally, the effect of these two minerals on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA was evaluated. Co-treatment with both metals reduced the nuclear damage caused by BMOV. Moreover, treatment with these two metals simultaneously tended to reduce the ND1/ND4 deletion of the mitochondrial DNA produced with the treatment using BMOV alone. In conclusion, these results showed that combining Cu and V could effectively reduce the toxicity associated with V and enhance its potential therapeutic applications., Consejería de Innovación, Ciencia y Empresa, Andalusian Regional Government (Project P06-CTS-01435), The Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitivity (SAF2011-29648)

We aimed to investigate whether the effects of exercise on placental relative telomere length (RTL) after delivery are modulated by the Mediterranean diet [MD] adherence in 65 pregnant women (control n = 34, exercise n = 31). No differences were found in placental RTL between the exercise and the control groups (p = 0.557). The interaction-term between exercise and MD adherence with placental RTL was significant (p = 0.001). Specifically, women in the exercise group showed longer placental RTL after birth compared to controls (referent group), only for those women with a high MD adherence (mean difference = 0.467, p=0.010). A concurrentexercise training plus an optimal MD adherence during pregnancy might prevent the placental RTL shortening, Regional Ministry of Health of the Junta de Andalucia PI -0395-2016, Research and Knowledge Transfer Fund (PPIT) 2016, Excellence Actions Programme: Scientific Units of Excellence (UCEES), European Commission 2021 - 00036, Swedish Research Council for Health Working Life & Welfare (Forte) 101027215, European Commission FPU17/03715, Regional Ministry of Economy, Knowledge, Enterprises and University

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-whe-10.1177_17455057221117976 for Differences in maternal and neonatal cardiometabolic markers and placenta status by foetal sex. The GESTAFIT project by Virginia A Aparicio, Laura Baena-García, Marta Flor-Alemany, Luis J Martínez-González, Alfonso Varela-López, Cristina Sánchez and José L Quiles in Women’s Health

Traballo Fin de Grao en Medicina. Curso 2020-2021 La COVID-19 fue catalogada como pandemia mundial en abril del 2020 por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). En diciembre del mismo año la enfermedad causada por el SARS-CoV-2 conocida como COVID-19 se había propagado por 200 países diferentes, infectando a más de 70 millones de personas, causando 1,5 millones de muertes. Estudios recientes sugieren que la infección por SARS-CoV2 puede estar relacionada con la aparición de eventos cardiovasculares y tromboembólicos, aunque la fuerza de asociación está por determinar. El objetivo de este estudio era evaluar la aparición de eventos cardiovasculares y tromboembólicos (tales como eventos cardiovasculares mayores [MACE], definido por muerte cardiovascular, infarto o ictus, valorados en su conjunto e individualmente, tromboembolia de pulmón [TEP] entre otros fenómonos tromboembólicos) en la fase aguda de la infección y el seguimiento a medio plazo de pacientes infectados por COVID-19. Se trata de un estudio observacional, descriptivo, en un único centro, basado en todos los habitantes del área sanitaria. Sobre el total de la población estudiada, 447.979 habitantes, 1030 (0,23%) fueron diagnosticados de COVID-19, de los cuales el 14,8% eran fumadores, 31,2% tenían HTA, 12,8% eran diabéticos, 29,2% eran dislipémicos, 2,7% presentaban enfermedad arterial periférica, 4,7% padecían cardiopatía isquémica, 3,3% habían tenido un AIT, 10% estaban antiagregados y 5,8% anticoagulados en el momento del diagnóstico. Durante la fase aguda del COVID, un 29,2% de los pacientes desarrolló un síndrome de respuesta inflamatoria sistémica, el 15,6% presento insuficiencia respiratoria y un 5.2% requirió ingreso en UCI (4.2% precisaron de ventilación mecánica, no se utilizó en ECMO en ninguno de los pacientes). Como principales complicaciones trombóticas, presentaron IAM un 0,5% y TEP el 0,4. Un 4,5% desarrolló FA/Flutter, el 7,2% presentó daño renal agudo y presentaron hemorragias mayores el 1%. De los pacientes ingresados un 8% falleció intrahospitalariamente (documentamos muerte súbita en el 0,5%) y 1,1% reingresó por COVID-19. Desde el diagnóstico y durante el seguimiento a 6 meses, un 6,9% falleció, un 6,3% desarrolló IC y otro 6,3% sufrió un MACE A COVID-19 foi catalogada como pandemia mundial en abril do 2020 pola Organización Mundial da Saude (OMS). En decembro do mesmo ano a enfermidade causada polo SARS-CoV-2 coñecida coma COVID-19 propagárase por 200 países diferentes, infectando a máis de 70 millóns de persoas, causando 1,5 millóns de mortes. Estudios recientes suxiren que a infección por SARS-CoV2 pode estar relacionada coa aparición de eventos cardiovasculares e tromboembólicos, ainda que a forza de asociación está por determinar. O obxectivo de este estudo era evaluar a aparición de eventos cardiovasculares e tromboembólicos (tales como eventos cardiovasculares maiores [MACE], definido por norte cardiovascular, infarto ou ictus, valorados no seu conxunto e individualmente, tromboembolia de pulmón [TEP] entre outros fenómenos tromboembolicos) na fase aguda da infección e no seguimento a medio prazo de pacientes infectados por COVID-19. Tratase de une estudo observacional, decriptico, nun único centro, basado en todolos habitante da área sanitaria. Sobre o total da poboación estudiada, 447.979 habitantes, 1030 (0,23%) foron diagnosticados de COVID-19, dos cales o 14,8% eran fumadores, 31,2% tiñan HTA, 12,8% eran diabéticos, 29,2% eran dislipémicos, 2,7% presentaban enfermidade arterial periférica, 4,7% padecían cardiopatía isquémica, 3,3% tiveran un AIT, 10% estaban antiagregados e 5,8% anticoagulados no momento do diagnóstico. Durante a fase aguda da COVID, un 29,2% dos pacientes desenrolou un síndrome de resposta inflamatoria sistémica, o 15,6% presentou insuficiencia respiratoria e un 5.2% precisou ingreso na UCI (4.2% precisaron de ventilación mecánica, non se empregou ECMO en ninguno de los pacientes). Como principais complicaciones trombóticas, presentaron IAM un 0,5% e TEP o 0,4%. Un 4,5% desenrolou FA/Flutter, o 7,2% presentou dano renal agudo e presentaron hemorragias maiores o 1%. Dos pacientes ingresados un 8% faleceu intrahospitalariamente (documentamos morte súbita no 0,5%) y 1,1% reingresou pola COVID-19. Dende o diagnóstico e durante o seguimento a 6 meses, un 6,9% faleceu, un 6,3% desenrolou IC e outro 6,3% sufriu un MACE Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was labelled a global pandemic in April 2020 by the World Health Organisation. By December of the same year the disease caused by SARS-COV-2, known as COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019), had spread over 200 countries, infecting more than 70 million people, causing more than 1.5 million deaths. Recent studies suggest SARS-CoV-2 infection may be related to cardiovascular and thrombotic events although the strength of association remains unclear. The aim of the study was to evaluate the emergence of cardiovascular and thrombotic events (such as major acute cardiovascular events [MACE], defined as cardiovascular death, heart attack, stroke, evaluated overall and individually, TEP and other thromboembolic events) in the acute phase and in medium-term follow-up in COVID-19 patients. This is an observational study based on all the inhabitants of the health area. Of the total population studied, 447,979 inhabitants, 1,030 (0.23%) were diagnosed with COVID-19 infection, of which 14,8% were smokers, 31,2% had high blood pressure (HTA), 12,8% had diabetes, 29,2% had dyslipidaemia, 2,7% had peripheral artery disease, 4,7% had ischemic heart disease, 3,3% had had a previous transient ischemic attack, 10% were in anti-aggregation treatment and 5,8% were in anticoagulation treatment at the time of diagnosis. In the 6-month tracing, 29,2% developed SIRS, 15,6% presented respiratory failure and 5,2% required admission to ICU (4,2% required mechanical ventilation, ECMO wasn’t required in any patient). As main thrombotic events, 0,5% suffered a STEMI and 0,4% TEP. A 4,5% developed FA/Flutter, 7,2% presented acute kidney injury and major haemorrhages were present in 1%. Among all the patients admitted to the hospital 8% died in hospital (with 0,5% suffering sudden death) and 1,1% required re-admission due to COVID-19. Since diagnosis and during the 6-month tracing, 6,9% died, 6,3% developed HF and 6,3% suffered a MACE

María D. Navarro-Hortal is a FPU fellow from the Spanish Ministry of Educación y Formación Profesional. The research group was partially supported by the Visiting Scholar Program from the University of Granada. The authors acknowledge Nutraceutical Translations for English language editing of this manuscript., Increasing evidence connects periodontitis with a variety of systemic diseases, including metabolic syndrome, atherosclerosis, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The proposal of this study was to evaluate the role of diets rich in saturated fat and cholesterol in some aspects of periodontal diseases in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced model of periodontal disease in rabbits and to assess the influence of a periodontal intervention on hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis, and NAFLD progression to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Male rabbits were maintained on a commercial standard diet or a diet rich in saturated fat (3% lard w/w) and cholesterol (1.3% w/w) (HFD) for 40 days. Half of the rabbits on each diet were treated 2 days per week with intragingival injections of LPS from Porphyromonas gingivalis. Morphometric analyses revealed that LPS induced higher alveolar bone loss (ABL) around the first premolar in animals receiving standard diets, which was exacerbated by the HFD diet. A higher score of acinar inflammation in the liver and higher blood levels of triglycerides and phospholipids were found in HFD-fed rabbits receiving LPS. These results suggest that certain dietary habits can exacerbate some aspects of periodontitis and that bad periodontal health can contribute to dyslipidemia and promote NAFLD progression, but only under certain conditions., Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport (Spain), Spanish Government, Traslados Temporales FPU (University of Kings College of London)

Objectives: Periodontal disease is one of the most common chronic oral diseases worldwide and represents a major public health problem in many countries. Periodontal diseases include chronic periodontitis and aggressive periodontitis that are usually due to the inflammation of gingiva caused by bacterial infections. Nutrition could exert a pivotal role due to its involvement in a number of inflammatory condition and diseases. Up to now, only some researchers have investigated the role of nutrients on the development and progression of periodontal disease, but the results obtained are often difficult to compare because of the heterogeneity of the studies. Methods: This paper systemically reviews the literature available on databases up to February 2018 on the relationship between macronutrients and the development and progression of periodontal diseases (periodontitis and gingivitis) in animals, with particular attention to the possible mechanisms involved in these pathologies. Results: A total of 5,484 publications were found in the Pubmed database. Title and abstract screening left 88 potential articles according to the selection criteria. No duplicated articles were found. Full-text screening and reading led to a final number of 32 articles. Conclusions: Among all the analyzed macronutrients, those that have any effect on oxidative stress or immune system seem to be important for the prevention of periodontal disease or periodontal disease improvement. On the one hand, there is evidence in favor of a positive role of n-3 fatty acid proportion in diet due to its antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects. On the other hand, saturated fat-rich or hypercaloric diets increase oxidative stress or promote inflammation, so they must be avoided., Objetivos: La enfermedad periodontal es una de las enfermedades orales crónicas más comunes en todo el mundo y representa un importante problema de salud pública en muchos países. Las enfermedades periodontales incluyen periodontitis crónica y periodontitis agresiva que generalmente se debe a la inflamación de la encía causada por infecciones bacterianas. La nutrición podría ejercer un papel fundamental ya que participa en diferentes afecciones y enfermedades inflamatorias. Hasta ahora, solo algunos investigadores han investigado el papel de los nutrientes en el desarrollo y la progresión de la enfermedad periodontal, pero los resultados obtenidos a menudo son difíciles de comparar debido a la heterogeneidad de los estudios. Métodos: Este documento revisa sistemáticamente la literatura disponible en bases de datos hasta Febrero de 2018 sobre la relación entre macronutrientes y el desarrollo y progresión de enfermedades periodontales (periodontitis y gingivitis) en animales, con particular atención a los posibles mecanismos implicados en estas patologías. Resultados: Se encontraron un total de 5.484 publicaciones en la base de datos Pubmed. El análisis del título y resumen permitió seleccionar 88 artículos potenciales de acuerdo con los criterios de selección. No se encontraron artículos duplicados. La selección y lectura del texto complejo condujo a una cantidad final de 32 artículos. Conclusiones: Entre todos los macronutrientes analizados, aquellos que tienen algún efecto sobre el estrés oxidativo o el sistema inmune parecen ser importantes para la prevención de la enfermedad periodontal o la mejoría de la enfermedad periodontal. Por un lado, hay evidencia a favor de un papel positivo de la proporción de ácidos grasos n-3 en la dieta debido a sus efectos antioxidantes e inmunomoduladores. Por otro lado, las dietas ricas en grasas saturadas o hipercalóricas aumentan el estrés oxidativo o promueven la inflamación, por lo que deben evitarse.