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Penile size is a major concern among men all over world. Men throughout history and still today, feel the need to enlarge their penis in order to improve their self-esteem and sexual performance. There are a variety of social, cultural, and psychological aspects regarding the size of men genitals, resulting such that, men often feel the need to enlarge their penis. “Bigger is better” is still a relevant belief in our days and based on the “phallic identity” – the tendency of males to seek their personality in their penis. This trend is supported by the numerous and still increasing number of penile enlargement procedures performed in the past years and today, generally in men with normal size penises. This condition is called “the locker room syndrome” – men concerned about their flaccid penile size even though in most cases their penile length and girth are normal. however, the surgical procedures available for changing penile appearance remains highly controversial mainly due to high complication rates and low satisfactory surgical outcomes.

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Introduction. Data concerning the biologic pathophysiology of desire, arousal, and orgasm in women are limited. Aim. To gain knowledge of biologic pathophysiolop, of female sexual function Methods. To provide state-of-the-art knowledge concerning female sexual dysfunction, representing the opinions of seven experts from five countries developed in a consensus process over a 2-year period. Main Outcome Measure. An International Consultation in alliance with key urological and sexual medicine societies convened over 200 niultidisciplinary specialists from 60 countries into 17 consultation committees. The aims, goals and intentions of each committee were defined. Expert opinion was based on grading of evidence-based medical literature, extensive internal committee dialogue, open presentation, and debate. Results. Three critical physiologic requirements, including intact sex steroids, autonomic/somatic nerves, and arterial inflow/perfusion pressure to women's genital organs play fundamental roles in maintaining women's sexual function. Despite this, there are nominal data supporting a direct pathophysiologic involvement of abnormal sex steroid values, and/or damage/injury to neurologic and/or blood flow integrity in women with problems in sexual desire, arousal, and/or orgasm. This summary details the available literature concerning hormonal, neurologic, and vascular organic pathophysiologies of women's sexual dysfunctions. Conclusions. Additional research on clinical pathophysiologies in women's sexual dysfunction is needed. This chapter encompasses data presented at the 2nd International Consultation on Sexual Medicine in Paris, France, June 28-july 1, 2003.

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