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3. Intonation as an Encoder of Speaker Certainty: Information and Confirmation Yes-No Questions in Catalan

Author

Vanrell, Maria del Mar, Mascaro, Ignasi, and Torres-Tamarit, Francesc

Abstract

Recent studies in the field of intonational phonology have shown that information-seeking questions can be distinguished from confirmation-seeking questions by prosodic means in a variety of languages (Armstrong, 2010, for Puerto Rican Spanish; Grice & Savino, 1997, for Bari Italian; Kugler, 2003, for Leipzig German; Mata & Santos, 2010, for European Portuguese; Vanrell, Mascaro, Prieto, & Torres-Tamarit, 2010, for Catalan). However, all these studies have relied on production experiments and little is known about the perceptual relevance of these intonational cues. This paper explores whether Majorcan Catalan listeners distinguish information- and confirmation-seeking questions by means of two distinct nuclear falling pitch accents. Three behavioral tasks were conducted with 20 Majorcan Catalan subjects, namely a semantic congruity test, a rating test, and a classical categorical perception identification/discrimination test. The results show that a difference in pitch scaling on the leading H tone of the H+L* nuclear pitch accent is the main cue used by Majorcan Catalan listeners to distinguish confirmation questions from information-seeking questions. Thus, while a [inverted exclamation mark]H+L* pitch accent signals an information-seeking question (i.e., the speaker has no expectation about the nature of the answer), the H+L* pitch accent indicates that the speaker is asking about mutually shared information. We argue that these results have implications in representing the distinctions of tonal height in Catalan. The results also support the claim that phonological contrasts in intonation, together with other linguistic strategies, can signal the speakers' beliefs about the certainty of the proposition expressed. (Contains 5 tables, 8 figures, and 10 notes.)

Published
2013
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4. Measuring Child Rhythm

Author

Payne, Elinor, Post, Brechtje, Astruc, Lluisa, Prieto, Pilar, and Vanrell, Maria del Mar

Abstract

Interval-based rhythm metrics were applied to the speech of English, Catalan and Spanish 2, 4 and 6 year-olds, and compared with the (adult-directed) speech of their mothers. Results reveal that child speech does not fall into a well-defined rhythmic class: for all three languages, it is more "vocalic" (higher %V) than adult speech and has a tendency towards lower variability (when normalized for speech rate) in vocalic interval duration. Consonantal interval variability, however, is "higher" in child speech, particularly for younger children. Nevertheless, despite the identification of common, cross-linguistic patterns in child speech, the emergence of language-specific rhythmic indices is also clearly observable, even in the speech of 2 year-olds. (Contains 18 notes, 6 tables, and 7 figures.)

Published
2012
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9. Tonal targets in early child English, Spanish, and Catalan

Author

Astruc, Lluisa, Payne, Elinor, Post, Brechtje, Vanrell, Maria del Mar, and Prieto, Pilar

Subjects
Cambridge University Press, Book publishing -- Youth market -- Analysis, Health, Languages and linguistics
Abstract

Abstract This study analyses the scaling and alignment of low and high intonational targets in the speech of 27 children--nine English-speaking, nine Catalan-speaking and nine Spanish-speaking--between the ages of two [...]

Published
2013
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10. Usos lingüístics i consum cultural en català dels joves de les Illes Balears: tres fonts de dades en relació

Author

Castell, Xisca, Melià, Joan, Vanrell, Maria del Mar, Castell, Xisca, Melià, Joan, and Vanrell, Maria del Mar

Abstract

Aquest article analitza la relació entre el coneixement de la llengua, l’ús lingüístic i el consum cultural en llengua catalana per part dels joves d’entre 15 i 29 anys residents a les Illes Balears. S’han pres com a base les dades procedents de tres fonts: l’estudi Baròmetre de la comunicació i la cultura 2010, l’estudi El consum cultural a les Illes Balears. Informe de resultats 2016 i les dades obtingudes a l’Enquesta d’usos lingüístics a les Illes Balears 2014. Anàlisi. En la discussió s’apunten les possibles causes de la manca de correlació entre el coneixement, d’una banda, i l’ús i el consum, de l’altra, com són la baixa oferta disponible en català en determinats àmbits de la indústria cultural i la difusió insuficient de l’oferta que hi ha. Finalment, es proposen aspectes que caldria estudiar en el futur, com ara els factors no lingüístics (actitudinals, ideològics, identitaris) que poden condicionar l’ús, així com l’oferta disponible en català dels sectors cultural i del lleure.Paraules clau: joves, Illes Balears, coneixement de la llengua, usos lingüístics, consum cultural., This paper reviews the relationship between the linguistic knowledge of Catalan and the actual use and cultural consumption in that language among people aged 15 to 29 years living in the Balearic Islands. The data come from three sources, comprising two previous studies (Baròmetre de la comunicació i la cultura 2010 and El consum cultural a les Illes Balears. Informe de resultats 2016) and the results of a survey (Enquesta d’usos lingüístics a les Illes Balears 2014. Anàlisi). In the discussion, the possible causes of a lack of correlation between linguistic knowledge and the actual use and cultural consumption are pointed out. These causes include the lack of cultural or leisure facilities in Catalan for young people as well as an inefficient dissemination of the existing ones. Lastly, some aspects that should be further studied are identified, such as non-linguistic factors that may affect language uses as well as the breadth of cultural options available in Catalan.Keywords: young people, Balearic Islands, linguistic knowledge, language uses, cultural consumption.

Published
2021

12. Methods in prosody: A Romance language perspective

Author

Fliessbach, Jan, Feldhausen, Ingo, and Vanrell, Maria del Mar

Subjects
Romance languages, 400 Sprache::410 Linguistik::410 Linguistik, prosody research
Abstract

This book presents a collection of pioneering papers reflecting current methods in prosody research with a focus on Romance languages. The rapid expansion of the field of prosody research in the last decades has given rise to a proliferation of methods that has left little room for the critical assessment of these methods. The aim of this volume is to bridge this gap by embracing original contributions, in which experts in the field assess, reflect, and discuss different methods of data gathering and analysis. The book might thus be of interest to scholars and established researchers as well as to students and young academics who wish to explore the topic of prosody, an expanding and promising area of study.

Published
2018
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13. Introduction

Author

Feldhausen, Ingo, Fliessbach, Jan, and Vanrell, Maria Del Mar

Abstract

Introduction to the volume

Published
2018
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14. Methods in Prosody

Author

Feldhausen, Ingo, Fliessbach, Jan, Vanrell, Maria del Mar, Feldhausen, Ingo, Fliessbach, Jan, and Vanrell, Maria del Mar

Subjects
Versification
Abstract

This book presents a collection of pioneering papers reflecting current methods in prosody research with a focus on Romance languages. The rapid expansion of the field of prosody research in the last decades has given rise to a proliferation of methods that has left little room for the critical assessment of these methods. The aim of this volume is to bridge this gap by embracing original contributions, in which experts in the field assess, reflect, and discuss different methods of data gathering and analysis. The book might thus be of interest to scholars and established researchers as well as to students and young academics who wish to explore the topic of prosody, an expanding and promising area of study.

Published
2018

16. Intonational Grammar in Ibero-Romance : Approaches Across Linguistic Subfields

Author

Armstrong, Meghan E., Henriksen, Nicholas C., Vanrell, Maria del Mar, Armstrong, Meghan E., Henriksen, Nicholas C., and Vanrell, Maria del Mar

Subjects
Romance languages--Grammar, Romance languages--Phonetics--Intonation
Abstract

Intonational Grammar in Ibero-Romance: Approaches across linguistic subfields is a volume of empirical research papers incorporating recent theoretical, methodological, and interdisciplinary advances in the field of intonation, as they relate to the Ibero-Romance languages. The volume brings together leading experts in Catalan, Portuguese, and Spanish, as well as in the intonation of Spanish in contact situations. The common thread is that each paper examines a specific topic related to the intonation of at least one Ibero-Romance language, framing the analysis in an experimental setting. The novel findings of each chapter hinge on critical connections that are made between the study of intonation and its related fields of linguistic inquiry, including syntax, pragmatics, sociophonetics, language acquisition and special populations. In this sense, the volume expands the traditional scope of Ibero-Romance intonation, including in it work on signed languages (LSC), individuals with autism spectrum disorder and individuals with Williams Syndrome. This volume establishes the precedent for researchers and advanced students who wish to explore the complexities of Ibero-Romance intonation. It also serves as a showcase of the most up-to-date methodologies in intonational research.

Published
2016

21. Preguntar per saber i preguntar per confirmar: l’entonació de les interrogatives absolutes informatives i confirmatòries en català central i balears

Author

Prieto Vives, Pilar, 1965, Vanrell, Maria del Mar, Mascaró, Ignasi, and Torres-Tamarit, Francesc

Subjects
Català -- Interrogació, Entonació (Fonètica), Català -- Anàlisi prosòdica, Català - Dialectes - Illes Balears, Català -- Entonació
Abstract

Aquesta recerca ha estat finançada pel Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia-FEDER (HUM2006-01758/FILO) i per la Càtedra Alcover-Moll-Villangómez (Universitat de les Illes Balears).

Published
2010

22. Methods in prosody

Author

Feldhausen, Ingo, Fliessbach, Jan, and Vanrell, Maria del Mar

Subjects
Linguistics, bic Book Industry Communication::C Language::CF linguistics
Abstract

This book presents a collection of pioneering papers reflecting current methods in prosody research with a focus on Romance languages. The rapid expansion of the field of prosody research in the last decades has given rise to a proliferation of methods that has left little room for the critical assessment of these methods. The aim of this volume is to bridge this gap by embracing original contributions, in which experts in the field assess, reflect, and discuss different methods of data gathering and analysis. The book might thus be of interest to scholars and established researchers as well as to students and young academics who wish to explore the topic of prosody, an expanding and promising area of study.

Published
2018
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29. Measuring Child Rhythm

Author

Payne, Elinor, primary, Post, Brechtje, additional, Astruc, Lluïsa, additional, Prieto, Pilar, additional, and Vanrell, Maria del Mar, additional

Published
2011
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39. Is prosodic development correlated with grammatical and lexical development? Evidence from emerging intonation in Catalan and Spanish.

Author

PRIETO, PILAR, ESTRELLA, ANA, THORSON, JILL, and VANRELL, MARIA DEL MAR

Abstract

This investigation focuses on the development of intonation patterns in four Catalan-speaking children and two Spanish-speaking children between 0 ; 11 and 2 ; 4. Pitch contours were prosodically analyzed within the Autosegmental Metrical framework in all meaningful utterances, for a total of 6558 utterances. The pragmatic meaning and communicative function were also assessed. Three main conclusions arise from the results. First, the study shows that the Autosegmental Metrical model can be successfully used to transcribe early intonation contours. Second, results reveal that children's emerging intonation is largely independent of grammatical development, and generally it develops well before the appearance of two-word combinations. As for the relationship between lexical and intonational development, the data show that the emergence of intonational grammar is related to the onset of speech and the presence of a small lexicon. Finally, we discuss the implications of these results for the biological hypothesis of intonational production. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
2012
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40. L’etiquetatge prosòdic Cat_ToBI

Author

Prieto Vives, Pilar, 1965, Aguilar Cuevas, Lourdes, Mascaró, Ignasi, Torres-Tamarit, Francesc, and Vanrell, Maria del Mar

Subjects
Cat_ToBI, Pitch accents, Autosegmental metrical model, Accents tonals, Boundary tones, Model mètric autosegmental, Tons de frontera
Abstract

L’article presenta el primer sistema complet d’etiquetatge prosòdic per al català basat en el model mètric autosegmental: el Catalan ToBI o Cat_ToBI. La proposta es basa en resultats d’estudis anteriors i en una anàlisi qualitativa d’un corpus de diferents dialectes del català. Les unitats fonològiques que formen el sistema són les següents. Pel que fa als accents tonals, H*, L*, L+H*, L+>H*, L*+H, H+L* i l’accent tritonal L+H*+L en alguerès, així com els tons alts amb esglaonament ascendent i descendent (¡H* i !H*). Pel que fa als accents de frontera, es proposa un únic tipus de to de frontera i es prescindeix dels accents de frase. Aquests tons de frontera poden ser alts, mitjans o baixos i poden ser monotonals (H%, M%, L%) o aparèixer en combinacions bitonals (LH%, HH%, MM% i HL%) o tritonals (LHL%). El principal objectiu del sistema Cat_ToBI és que serveixi de referència per a la sistematització fonològica de la prosòdia del català i com a eina per a l’anotació prosòdica de corpus orals. This paper describes the conventions proposed in the first prosodic transcription system within the Tones and Break Indices (ToBI) framework for Catalan: Catalan ToBI or Cat_ToBI. The proposal is based on the previous literature on Catalan intonation and a qualitative analysis of a corpus of spoken Catalan that covers several dialects. In the tone tier, Catalan distinguishes among the following accent types: H*, L*, L+H*, L+>H*, L*+H, H+L*, the tritonal L+H*+L (Alguerese), and the downstepped and upstepped variants of H (¡H* and !H*). The model differs from the English ToBI model in that there is no phrase accent category and that only one type of boundary tone occurs to the right of intermediate and intonational phrase boundaries. Catalan distinguishes among the following boundary tones: H%, M%, L%, which can be monotonal or can group into bitonal (LH%, HH%, MM% and, HL%) or tritonal combinations (LHL%). The main aims of the Cat_ToBI system are to serve to improve our knowledge about Catalan intonation and to provide a tool to prosodically annotate oral corpora. El treball ha estat finançat pels següents projectes: Càtedra Alcover-Moll-Villangómez 2007 (UIB), Euroregió 2007 PRE/3323/2006 i 2005SGR 00753 (Generalitat de Catalunya), HUM2006-01758/FILO, HUM2006-13295-C02-01 (Consolider-C) i CONSOLIDER-INGENIO 2010 CSD2007-00012 (Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia-FEDER).

41. Preguntar per saber i preguntar per confirmar: l’entonació de les interrogatives absolutes informatives i confirmatòries en català central i balears

Author

Prieto Vives, Pilar, 1965, Vanrell, Maria del Mar, Mascaró, Ignasi, and Torres-Tamarit, Francesc

Subjects
Català -- Interrogació, Entonació (Fonètica), Català -- Anàlisi prosòdica, Català - Dialectes - Illes Balears, Català -- Entonació
Abstract

Aquesta recerca ha estat finançada pel Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia-FEDER (HUM2006-01758/FILO) i per la Càtedra Alcover-Moll-Villangómez (Universitat de les Illes Balears).

42. Cost of the action and social distance affect the selection of question intonation in Catalan

Author

Armstrong, Meghan E., Henriksen, Nicholas, Vanrell, Maria del Mar, Astruc, Lluisa, Prieto, Pilar, Armstrong, Meghan E., Henriksen, Nicholas, Vanrell, Maria del Mar, Astruc, Lluisa, and Prieto, Pilar

Abstract

This chapter examines how politeness in offers and requests is encoded by intonation in Catalan, a language which uses two distinct intonational pitch contours for unbiased yes-no questions. Fifteen Central Catalan speakers participated in a Discourse Completion Task that elicited offers and requests in scenarios controlled for level of social distance, power, and cost of the action. The data were prosodically and pragmatically analyzed. The results showed that cost of the action and social distance have significant effects on intonation choices: speakers use rising pitch patterns more frequently with high-level cost offers and with high-level cost requests. The rising pattern is also preferred with high-level distance requests. In general, the falling pattern tends to be used more frequently with offers. The study shows that politeness factors need to be taken into account in the description of intonation choices across languages.

43. Cost of the action and social distance affect the selection of question intonation in Catalan

Author

Armstrong, Meghan E., Henriksen, Nicholas, Vanrell, Maria del Mar, Astruc, Lluisa, Prieto, Pilar, Armstrong, Meghan E., Henriksen, Nicholas, Vanrell, Maria del Mar, Astruc, Lluisa, and Prieto, Pilar

Abstract

This chapter examines how politeness in offers and requests is encoded by intonation in Catalan, a language which uses two distinct intonational pitch contours for unbiased yes-no questions. Fifteen Central Catalan speakers participated in a Discourse Completion Task that elicited offers and requests in scenarios controlled for level of social distance, power, and cost of the action. The data were prosodically and pragmatically analyzed. The results showed that cost of the action and social distance have significant effects on intonation choices: speakers use rising pitch patterns more frequently with high-level cost offers and with high-level cost requests. The rising pattern is also preferred with high-level distance requests. In general, the falling pattern tends to be used more frequently with offers. The study shows that politeness factors need to be taken into account in the description of intonation choices across languages.

44. Scope, scalarity, and polarity in aspectual marking : the case of English 'until' and Spanish 'hasta'

Author

Bassa Vanrell, Maria Del Mar

Subjects
Semantics, Aspectual marking, Scope, Pragmatics, Syntax, Polarity, Scalar implicatures, Logical strength, Durative adverbials, Measure phrases, Typology, Existential, Universal, Quantification, Kinds, For-adverbials, Until-phrases, Punctual until, Durative until, Atelicity, Telicity, Aspect, Perfective, Factivity, Interruption implicature, Entailment, Obligatory implicature, Inference, Event semantics, Exhaustification, Covert exhaustification operators, Narrow scope, Wide scope, Inferential system, Even, Likelihood, Spatial until, Temporal expressions, Temporal and spatial domains, Cross-linguistic variation, Cross-linguistic semantics, Temporal alternatives, Active vs. optional alternatives, Only exhaustification and even exhaustification, Representations of time, Meaning, Logic in language, Until puzzle, NPI, PPI, Lexicalization, Negative polarity items, Quantificational event semantics, Indefinites, Definiteness and indefiniteness, Cumulativity, Distributivity, Negation, Downward-entailing contexts, Downward monotonicity, Reversal of entailment patterns, Quantified DPs
Abstract

This dissertation explores how languages express durations of time and the significant cross-linguistic variation displayed in words describing temporal duration with otherwise quite similar meanings. Specially, I examine 'until'-like phrases that bound events in time. These phrases are puzzling because across languages they typically only modify atelic predicates and not telic predicates. Yet they are acceptable with telic predicates if the predicate is negated, and in that case they furthermore generate a factive inference that the event described by the predicate must come about at a future time. Additionally, some languages, like Greek, use two distinct lexical words, one for atelic predicates and one for telic predicates. Three major prior proposals have been posited: (i) a lexical ambiguity account wherein there is a positive 'until' and a negative 'until', (ii) a monosemy account wherein 'until' is a type of universal quantifier over times that interacts scopally with negation, and (iii) a monosemy account wherein 'until' is a type of measure phrase over an existentially-quantified event. However, each approach fails to generalize appropriately. I revisit these three theories by examining the behavior of English "until"-phrases vis-à-vis durative "for"-adverbials, as well as 'until' counterparts in languages that acquire a superset or a subset of the interpretations of English "until", such as Spanish "hasta" and Greek "mehri". I propose a monosemy account that draws on insights from all three prior analyses. The key insight is that there is parameterization in the quantification that 'until' words in different languages exhibit. English "until" is universal in nature subject to a scope economy constraint. Spanish "hasta" is existential in nature subject to a plurality constraint in positive environments. Both universal and existential 'until' allow for negated telic predicates but the latter admits a wider set of readings and also permits lexical specialization of 'until' under negation, as found in Greek. Ultimately, irrespective of their quantification, English "until" and Spanish "hasta" activate temporal scalar alternatives that I argue derive factive inferences as an epiphenomenon of independent scopal interactions between the alternatives, polarity, and covert exhaustification-based operators of the inferential mechanism.

Published
2017

45. Preposition typology with manner of motion verbs in Spanish

Author

Bassa Vanrell, Maria del Mar

Subjects
Motion constructions, Verbal structure, Path, manner and goal, Complements and adjuncts, Spanish, Talmy, Typology, Semantics, Syntax, Pragmatics, Lexical-semantics, Prepositions, Semantic-compositional analysis, Corpus study
Abstract

Spanish, as a V(erb)-framed language (Talmy 1985), is expected to lexicalize the path of motion in the verb and manner in some satellite when it comes to the description of motion events. Nonetheless, it shows mixed properties (e.g. Aske 1989, Berman & Slobin 1994). All manner of motion verbs can take a path satellite introduced by the prepositions "hacia" and "hasta", and yet only some can take a path satellite introduced by the preposition "a." I claim that goal XPs introduced by "hasta" and "hacia" are adjuncts, whereas "a" is an argument marker. In order to capture the intermediacy of a verb’s ability to take a goal XP, I classify manner of motion verbs according to a three-way distinction that takes into account whether they encode path categorically, overwhelmingly, or only sometimes, and whether they lexically reject the notion of a goal. Finally, I posit verb coercion—under certain semantic and pragmatic conditions—of manner of motion verbs that strongly or categorically favor displacement in order to express a goal. These semantic/pragmatic influential factors are reduced to (i) degree of manner and (ii) degree of goal-orientedness.

Published
2013

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