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In February 2012 a war has been declared by the Chinese government against the nagging air pollution, which takes a mounting death toll annually. The three-pronged national-scale regulations of afforestation/silviculture, ultra-low emission, and energy structure reform have been carried out firmly by authorities, etching the determination of the nation to implement the WHO’s recommended interim target of air pollution control. Undeniably, preliminary battle against air pollution has achieved initial success. Eight years after the declaration air pollution has been controlled to an acceptable level, compellingly demonstrating the validity of current policy, even with continued reasons for skepticism and gaps in scientic knowledge. However, the accruing trend of tropospheric O3 in the surface air and high level of wintertime PM2.5 signify this en masse war is far from winning.

Nowadays, the expansion of nanoparticles as antimicrobial and anticancer agents is one of the most exciting methods for cancer therapy and microbial diseases that can vanquish the problems of drug resistance. In this research, the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was stated using Summer Savory extract. Moreover, these AgNPs by UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, FESEM, EDX, PSA, and zeta potential analysis were characterized, and by antimicrobial and anti-cancerous performance was evaluated. The maximum absorption peak at 472 nm by UV-Visible spectra confirmed the formation of Ag nanoparticles. The results obtained by FT-IR determined the presence of organic compounds such as amines, alkenes, alcohols, phenols, which performed significant roles in the fixating of these nanoparticles. The results obtained from FESEM, EDX, PSA, and Zeta Potential Analysis revealed that synthesized AgNPs had a hexagonal structure with a size ranging from 10 to 100 nm. The antimicrobial properties of the synthesized AgNPs were examined by Minimum Inhibitory Concentration, Minimum Bactericidal Concentration, and Minimum Fungal Concentration against five microbial strains included Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The results demonstrated that biosynthesized AgNPs had the most antimicrobial activity, especially against E. Coli. The anti-cancerous results of these nanoparticles through MTT assay demonstrated exceptional anticancer effects against K-562 and MCF-7 human cancer cell lines with IC50 values 50 and 200 µg/ml, respectively.

The fall of the Berlin Wall, which symbolized the end of the Cold War, raised global expectations that we had entered a new age of liberalism and democracy. The liberal capitalist West had vanquish...

This essay reflects on the Radical Life Extension movement from six critical perspectives: RLE (1) ignores the benefits of finitude; (2) perpetuates the denial of death by seeking to vanquish it; (...

Children’s theater in the 1930s seldom engaged with the most controversial political rhetoric of its time centered on issues of labor justice, anti-racism, and anti-fascism. This essay looks at three children’s plays of the Federal Theatre Project (1935–1939) that did engage to investigate how children’s play and childhood imagination vanquish forces of violence, oppression, and inequality.

Purpose: To evaluate the real-world primary patency of heparin-bonded stent-graft therapy for femoropopliteal (FP) occlusive disease and identify any clinical factors, including the prothrombotic state, associated with the loss of patency. Materials and Methods: This multicenter study prospectively enrolled 424 limbs of 371 patients (mean age 75±8 years; 247 men) scheduled for Viabahn stent-graft placement in the FP segment. A full-coverage strategy using only a Viabahn stent-graft was preferred, but “spot stenting” with the Viabahn was also allowed. The prothrombotic state was assessed by measuring platelet reactivity. Vascular morphology was evaluated using intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). Primary patency was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method in the subgroup of patients having full lesion stent-graft coverage (n=343 limbs, 81.1%). The secondary outcomes were major amputation, surgical reconstruction, target lesion revascularization (TLR), and thrombotic occlusion. Regression analyses were used to explore associations of baseline and clinical variables with loss of patency; the results are given as the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: The 1-year primary patency estimate was 80.3% (95% CI 75.5% to 85.1%) in the full-coverage group. There were 7 surgical reconstructions, 46 TLRs, 21 acute thrombotic occlusions, and 1 major amputation during the 1-year follow-up in the full-coverage group. Only angiography- and IVUS-determined vessel diameters were significantly associated with loss of patency, with crude ORs of 0.64 (95% CI 0.45 to 0.89, p=0.009) and 0.67 (95% CI 0.51 to 0.90, p=0.009), respectively, per 1-mm increase, whereas other variables, including the prothrombotic state (p=0.74), were not. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that only IVUS-determined vessel diameter was independently associated with loss of patency (adjusted OR per 1-mm increase 0.72, 95% CI 0.52 to 1.00, p=0.049). Conclusion: FP stent-graft placement achieved acceptable patency at 1 year in a real-world setting. A smaller vessel size was significantly associated with loss of patency, whereas the prothrombotic state was not.

Will covid-19 finally vanquish the anti-vaccination movement or will it fuel the fringe community? Katrina Megget investigates

The past decade has experienced a surge in the frequency of nonsurgical procedures, including injectables, skin rejuvenation, and nonsurgical fat reduction. Nonsurgical fat reduction methods include cryolipolysis (Coolsculpting), ultrasound (Vaser Shape), laser (Liposonix), and radiofrequency (Vanquish). These methods generally produce good results, with cryolipolysis gaining much popularity over the past few years. Multiple reports of paradoxical adipose hyperplasia have been reported with Coolsculpting, with an incidence of 0.025% to 1%. This entity has never been reported with other methods of nonsurgical fat reduction, including noninvasive radiofrequency (Vanquish). We present a case of paradoxical adipose hyperplasia in a 57-year-old male following treatment with noninvasive radiofrequency (Vanquish) to the abdomen. He was treated with power-assisted liposuction to the abdomen and flanks. This is the first case in the literature of paradoxical adipose hyperplasia in a patient treated with this form of noninvasive fat reduction.

This case is interesting for a number of reasons. First, it is another case in which Xu states that the original Treatise did not include a treatment for a patient’s condition. Xu lists his treatment for this condition – Vanquish Yin Pellets (破陰丹) – and attributes it to a famous third-century physician, Hua Tuo 華佗. It seems that this is an original formula of Xu, since his books contain the earliest record both here and in the Puji benshi fang (juan 8, p. 145). This formula is not recorded in the extant version of Hua Tuo’s book, suggesting that either the extant version differs from the original or that Xu wanted to draw on Hua Tou’s authority.

We provide seven responses to Kovacs and Conway’s wide-ranging theory of intelligence differences. In the first six, we: reflect on the past theories that can be heard in this new one and how they have fared; discuss whether, in their present state, cognitive processes inferred from mental tests can be considered isomorphic with brain processes and can bear explanatory weight in theories of intelligence; and suggest that the positive manifold might be a formative biological latent trait while probably being a reflective psychological one. In the seventh, we attempt to test some hypotheses from Process Overlap Theory in our own Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 data.

Surnames, introduced to England with the Norman Conquest of 1066, became commonly hereditary from parent to child around the fifteenth century. Yet during that time and beyond, women sometimes retained their birth names at marriage, men sometimes adopted the surnames of their wives, and children and grandchildren adopted the surnames of their mothers or grandmothers. Surnames became closely tied to the concept of property, such that the person with the property was the holder and creator of the family name. That person was more often the man, but not always. As women’s property ownership became more severely restricted over time, these diverse surname practices eventually disappeared. The connections between the operation of the surname as a socio-legal function and property law and practice will be analyzed in this paper. Important in this analysis is the legal recognition of personhood implicit in the concept of property ownership; “legal personhood” for women was minimal during the period in which surnames became most restrictive for women. Yet prior to that, both the property rights and the surname options for women were more expansive, suggesting that the legal identities of women were more developed in earlier centuries and experienced a significant retrenchment in more modern times. The causes and implications of these historical developments will be analyzed.

Fullerene-based dendritic structures coated with 120 sugars can be made in high yields in a relatively short sequence of reactions. The mannosylated compound is shown to inhibit Ebola infection in cells more efficiently than monofullerene-based glycoclusters.

In 2015, the most recent year for which data are available, just 72% of U.S. toddlers had received seven key vaccines recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Together, these vaccines protect against 11 potentially deadly diseases. Perhaps the subpar number is not surprising: As once-common diseases of childhood fade from public view, it is understandable that parents9 attention would shift from the fear of disease to concerns about risks of the vaccines themselves. The articles in this issue debunk myths old and new about these risks; acknowledge the real, rare vaccine injuries that do occur; and explore what9s known about what works to persuade vaccine-hesitant parents. And the graphic data on this page serve as a powerful reminder of the power of vaccines to vanquish disease.

On June 30, 2013, the World Health Organization (WHO) released revised recommendations for the initiation of antiretroviral treatment, advising all countries to begin lifelong treatment of adults living with HIV who have 500 or fewer CD4 cells per cubic millimeter. For some population groups—pregnant women, children, people with HIV and coinfections—treatment was recommended regardless of immune status. Many felt WHO lagged behind the US public health authorities, which adopted guidelines for earlier treatment in 2011.1 Some argued that a bolder WHO would have recommended the simplest prescription: treatment of all people with HIV infection. Whereas it once was cautioned as impossible to treat our way out of the epidemic, WHO now embraces “treatment as prevention,” with massive expansion of antiretroviral drug use promoted as the surest way to vanquish AIDS. Nearly 10 million HIV-infected individuals are now newly eligible for antiretroviral treatment.

If you or your pet has ever had the misfortune of a tail-end encounter with a skunk, you’ve most likely tried everything in the book to vanquish the smell. The most common folk remedy—baking soda c...

Tilli Tansey hails a history of Joseph Lister's drive to vanquish post-operative infection and putrefaction.

Electronic voting machines were supposed to vanquish unreliable counts. They did not -- but David Lindley finds that other technologies present their own problems.

A prospective patient in an experimental trial on immunotherapy for warts that I was performing was Palestinian. I advised him that I was Jewish, because I feared his reaction in the domain of an experimental therapeutic trial. The patient rhetorically asked whether I was a physician. If so, no problems should exist. He was admitted to the trial and healed. Reason and common interest may vanquish fear and mistrust. Can this teaching be applied to the Middle East situation? Hatred would have to be defeated first.

The United States has gone from a net – and frequently illegal – importer of intellectual property (IP) to the World’s biggest IP supplier in a historically short time. During the past quarter century, IP holders have teamed with government entities to support international initiatives and legislation to combat the unauthorized acquisition of IP. These battles – which primarily targeted activity in developing and non-Western nations – were extremely successful. However, the intellectual property coalitions that fought these battles have splintered with copyright and patent holders pursuing initiatives that advance their divergent interests. This paper develops a theory of how IP interests groups employ legal and institutional mechanisms to exclude unauthorized use of their intellectual property and how the success of such actions varies with the strength of supporting and opposing coalitions. Initial gains came with comparative ease because a cohesive IP coalition faced little opposition. This coalition is now splintered with sub-IP interest groups facing differing levels of opposition. Until now, copyright interest groups has enjoyed the most success in enacting legislative change through the cohesiveness of their coalition. Patent interests groups, which are splintered, have struggled to obtain comparatively modest patent law reforms. However, with the failed push to implement ACTA and the success of the patent sector in getting the AIA enacted, results achieved by the respective interest groups have changed. The theory developed in this paper provides a framework for analyzing these interactions and identifies the likely nature and probable success of future IP legislative initiatives.

From the low-cost Google Cardboard to the high-end Oculus Rift, virtual-reality headsets—and some eye-popping applications—are finally reaching the consumer market. But can VR technology vanquish its long-term nemesis of motion sickness?

The Aston Martin V12 Vanquish made its world debut this year. Director of Design Ian Callum outlines his philosophy for automobile design.

Chagas DiseaseBolivia has the globe's highest infection rates of Chagas disease, a slow-developing illness caused by the Trypanosoma cruzi parasite that can lead to extreme lethargy and even organ failure. The vector, known as the vinchuca ( Triatoma infestans ), lives in the walls of mud or adobe huts and feeds on farm animals. Research shows that shoddy and sporadic fumigation has resulted in a pesticide-tolerant bug population. Spanish chemist Pilar Mateo believes that her insecticidal paint—Inesfly 5A IGR—is the solution. Studies show it is effective for four to 20 times longer than traditional pesticide applications, and its microcapsule packaging of active agents reduces environmental and toxic risks. But adoption of Inesfly has been slow, partly because it lacks the approval of the World Health Organization's Pesticide Evaluation Scheme, the gateway to biocide use in the developing world. But Inesfly now seems poised for a debut.

[Figure][1] The larva of Diabrotica virgifera virgifera beetles wreak havoc on maize. Feasting on the plants' roots, they are estimated to cause $1 billion of damage every year in the US. Ted Turlings from the University of Neuchâtel, Switzerland, explains that the pest, known as western

In greenhouse trials at Aberdeen University's Centre for Organic Agriculture (UK), researchers have shown that Ascochyra caulina can vanquish the weed Chenopodium album if spores are applied at the right time. The fungus grows best on V8, a commercial brand of tomato-based vegetable juice, but it will be years before the fungus is available commercially. Growers must also be sure that the fungus does not harm the crops that is is supposed to protect. Trials on maize are under way in Basel, Switzerland. (www.newscientist.com/ns/19991127/newsstory13.html).

Merit employment is not only the law of the land, but good business and good sense, employers who have tried it state, and tell how they broke the ice to let economics work with ethics to right old wrongs and vanquish discrimination on the job.

The techniques of diffrential thermal analysis (differential scanning calorimetry) and thermogravimetry were used to aid in the identification of 12 non-prescription internal analgesics. Analgesic preparations studied included pure acetylsalicylic acid, Bayer, Squibb and St. Joseph's aspirin, Anacin, BC tablets, Bufferin, Tylenol, Empirin, Excedrin, Stanback, and Vanquish. A potential use of these curves is for criminalistic investigations.

Why did Leboss6 accept Benedite's commission to make the huge posthumous version of The Defense? Did pride vanquish prudence? . Lebosse's decision is more understandable, if not condonable, when one reads of his problems just after the war in putting his business back on its feet, even with the help of his son who had been demobilized. Finally, Benedite had the legal, Ef not ethical authority as director of the Musie Rodin, and Lebossi had money coming to him after Rodin's death for other unfinished projects.'