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Lantana camara species is generally seen only as a detriment to plantations but it also possess medicinal potential. This work aimed to analyse the essential oil (EO) yield and chemical com...

Mixing light biodiesel at low concentrations (not exceeding 5% by volume) with mineral kerosene is thought to be an interesting alternative to aviation fossil fuels without the need for engine adjustments. From the environmental point of view, this addition would mean significantly minimizing the impacts of conventional fuel emissions. The adsorption of relatively short molecular chain (C8, C10 and C12) fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), constituents of the biodiesel produced from the macaúba oil, was investigated using two types of adsorbents: A commercial molecular sieve 13X and the activated charcoal prepared from the macaúba cake remaining after press-defatting the macaúba fruit kernel. The adsorption experiments were performed on a glass column filled with the adsorbent. The activated charcoal is more efficient than the molecular sieve for selectively adsorbing FAME with C8, C10 and C12 carbon chains. The process of separating shorter chains from biodiesel by adsorption was proven to be adequate and does not compromise the energy balance. This study indicates that the charcoal obtained from the macaúba cake remaining after extracting the oil might be suitable for the selective separation of fatty acid esters, which could potentially lead to the preparation of lighter biodiesel (of lower average molecular weight) than that produced from the crude oil.

The chemical composition of coffee beans varies according to the cultivar used, but there is little information about the differences among them resulting in different sensory profiles. The purpose was to find potential chemical markers to discriminate genealogical groups of coffee using regression analysis by partial least squares. Twenty-two accessions of C. arabica were used with two repetitions each. There were chromatographic and physical–chemical analyses to determine the composition of raw beans and chemometric analysis as the PCA and the PLS-DA. The analysis of PCA did not showed detailed information about the differences between the groups. The model PLS-DA identified the most important variables in the discrimination of the genealogical groups. Arachidic acid and stearic acid the markers for the Bourbon group; the myristic and linoleic acids and sucrose for the Exotic group; and lauric, palmitoleic and oleic acids, and the protein content to the Timor Hybrid group.

Ethnopharmacological relevance Arrabidaea chica (Bignoniacea) has been used in popular medicine in Brazil to treat inflammation, skin diseases and leukemia. This work aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory and antitumoral activities of the A. chica aqueous (AE) and ethanol (EE) extracts. Materials and methods The murine sponge model was used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antiangiogenic activities of AE and EE. Accumulation of neutrophil and macrophage in the implants were determined by assaying myeloperoxidase and N-acetyl-glucosaminidase activities and the neovascularization evaluated by the amount of hemoglobin present in the implant using the Drabkin method. The antitumoral activity was evaluated using the MTT colorimetric method against Jurkat, HL60 and MCF-7 cells. Semi-purified fractions F1-F4 from the EE extract were obtained by a liquid–liquid solvent extraction method and their in vitro anti-proliferative effects were also investigated. Results Ethanol and aqueous extracts of A. chica decreased neutrophil accumulation and hemoglobin content in the sponge implants without altering the level of cytokines (IL-2, IL- 4, IL-5, IFN-γ, TNF-α and VEGF) and the albumin/globulin ratio in the serum of treated animals. There was no sign of toxicity (clinical, laboratory or histopathology). The ethanol extract presented antiproliferative activity (IC50 21.5–36.3 µg/mL) against HL60 and Jurkat cell lineages and proapoptotic activity at 50 µg/mL in HL60 cells. The fraction F1 also demonstrated significant antiproliferative activity (IC50 38.5 µg/mL) and proapoptotic activity against HL60 cells in a dose dependent manner. Conclusions Aqueous and ethanol extracts of A. chica attenuate the inflammatory and angiogenic components of the subcutaneous fibrovascular tissue induced by the synthetic matrix in mice. In addition, the ethanol extract from Arrabidaea chica and its fraction F1 presented in vitro antiproliferative activity and could be useful for developing potential chemopreventive substances.

A novel series of copper(II) derivatives of bis(pyrimidin-2-ylthio)- and bis(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-ylthio)alkane of general formula [CuxCly(L)z]n {x = 1, y = 2, z = 1, L = ptm (1), pte (2), dptm (4), dpte (5), dpth (6); x = 2, y = 4, z = 3, L = pth (3) were tested for antimicrobial activity. These complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy (IR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Complex-4, 5 and 6 have the metal at the center of a square planar geometry and in complex-1, 2 and 3 the metal is at the center a square pyramidal geometry. The structure of complex-4, determined by X-ray diffraction analysis, shows this compound as an oligomer with one-dimensional chain in zigzag conformation. The high average molecular mass (Mw) of these copper(II) complexes confirms their oligomeric character. Although the free ligands were inactive agaisnt the microorganisms tested, the copper(II) derivatives showed good antifungal and antibacterial inhibition against C. albicans, C. tropicalis, S. aureus and E. coli, more effective than Nystatin and Norfloxacin. A novel series of copper(II) derivatives of bis(pyrimidin-2-ylthio)- and bis(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-ylthio)alkane of general formula [CuxCly(L)z]n {x = 1, y = 2, z = 1, L = ptm (1), pte (2), dptm (4), dpte (5), dpth (6); x = 2, y = 4, z = 3, L = pth (3) were tested for antimicrobial activity. These complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy (IR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Complex-4, 5 and 6 have the metal at the center of a square planar geometry and in complex-1, 2 and 3 the metal is at the center a square pyramidal geometry. The structure of complex-4, determined by X-ray diffraction analysis, shows this compound as an oligomer with one-dimensional chain in zigzag conformation. The high average molecular mass (Mw) of these copper(II) complexes confirms their oligomeric character. Although the free ligands were inactive agaisnt the microorganisms tested, the copper(II) derivatives showed good antifungal and antibacterial inhibition against C. albicans, C. tropicalis, S. aureus and E. coli, more effective than Nystatin and Norfloxacin.doi: https://doi.org/10.18540/2446941602022016001

The oil from the macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata) fruit, a native palm in Brazil, has a real potential for the industrial production of biodiesel. This report describes an experimental work devoted to monitor the chemical behavior of the fatty acid methyl esters from oil of the macaúba fruit kernel and the leaching of metal elements into the biodiesel put in contact with the ASTM A283 grade C and API X65 carbon steels, used to build fuel storage tanks and biodiesel pipelines. The mean values of esters contents points that the analytical precision from atomic absorption measurements was not enough to support a statistically reliable interpretation of the chemical leaching of metals into the biodiesel; a more accurate set of data must be obtained with more sensitive chemical analytical techniques. From the Mössbauer data, the surface of the non - galvanized steels in contact with this biodiesel for up to 105 days tend to be somehow protected against most oxidative reactions even in direct contact with air, although few amount magnetite (Fe3O4) was detected.

The study aimed to evaluate the anti-Sporothrix sp. activity of the essential oil of Origanum majorana Linn. (marjoram), its chemical analysis, and its cytotoxic activity. A total of 18 fungal isolates of Sporothrix brasiliensis (n: 17) from humans, dogs and cats, and a standard strain of Sporothrix schenckii (n: 1) were tested using the broth microdilution technique (Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute - CLSI M27-A3) and the results were expressed in minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC). The MIC50 and MIC90 of itraconazole against S. brasiliensis were 2 µg/mL and 8 µg/mL, respectively, and the MFC50 and MFC90 were 2 µg/mL and >16 µg/mL, respectively, with three S. brasiliensis isolates resistant to antifungal. S. schenckii was sensitive at MIC of 1 µg/mL and MFC of 8 µg/mL. For the oil of O. majorana L., all isolates were susceptible to MIC of ≤2.25-9 mg/mL and MFC of ≤2.25-18 mg/mL. The MIC50 and MIC90 were ≤2.25 mg/mL and 4.5 mg/mL, respectively, and the MFC50/90 values were twice more than the MIC. Twenty-two compounds were identified by gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector (CG-FID) and 1,8-cineole and 4-terpineol were the majority. Through the colorimetric (MTT) assay, the toxicity was observed in 70-80% of VERO cells between 0.078 and 5 mg/mL. For the first time, the study demonstrated the satisfactory in vitro anti-Sporothrix sp. activity of marjoram oil and further studies are needed to ensure its safe and effective use.