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We bestuderen de jobkwaliteit in België aan de hand van data van de Europese enquête naar de arbeidsomstandigheden (EWCS), uitgevoerd in 2021. Het onderzoek is opgedeeld in twee delen. In het eerste deel wordt een conceptueel kader uitgewerkt en wordt de situatie in 2021 en de evolutie van jobkwaliteit doorheen de tijd beschreven, inclusief de veranderende inhoud van taken binnen beroepen. Hiernaast wordt in dit deel de impact van de COVID-19-pandemie op de jobkwaliteit besproken. In het tweede deel van de studie worden verschillende thematische hoofdstukken uitgewerkt die dieper ingaan op specifieke aspecten van jobkwaliteit. Deze hoofdstukken behandelen onder andere de gevolgen van werk op gezondheid en welzijn, met name wat betreft de link tussen uitputting en bevlogenheid. Verder worden de prevalentie en evolutie van psychosociale risico’s en musculoskeletale aandoeningen op de werkvloer behandeld, evenals de uitdagingen rond de duurzame inzetbaarheid van oudere werknemers. Daarnaast wordt de problematiek van jobonzekerheid belicht, samen met de meest kwetsbare groepen van werknemers in België. In elk hoofdstuk wordt aandacht besteed aan verschillen tussen sectoren, beroepen en werknemers en de impact van de COVID-19-pandemie op de Belgische arbeidsmarkt. ispartof: Over.Werk - Tijdschrift van het Steunpunt Werk vol:33 issue:1/2023 pages:126-134 status: published

ispartof: pages:1-50 status: published

ispartof: pages:1-48 status: published

status: Published online

status: Published online

This is a preprint. Please find the published and peer reviewed version of the paper here: https://www.journalofcognition.org/articles/10.5334/joc.80/. Images differ in their intrinsic memorability. The factors driving image memorability are not fully understood. Here, we hypothesized that memorability at least partly depends on goodness of image organization. Good organizations have been associated with fast, efficient processing and robustness against transformation (e.g., shrinking). Based on the main hypothesis, these characteristics would then also pertain to memorable images. Study 1 focused on fast processing and predicted that memorable images are easier to categorize rapidly, while Study 2 predicted that they survive a shrinking transformation better. We used real-life scene images of 14 semantic categories from a previous memorability study. Each image was assigned a “categorizability” and “shrinkability” score based on the average performance across participants on a rapid-scene categorization task (Study 1) and a thumbnail search task (Study 2), respectively. The predicted positive relation between categorizability and memorability was not observed. A post-hoc explanation attributed this null result to a masking role of image distinctiveness. In the thumbnail search task, memorable images were located faster, as predicted, but Study 2 could not rule out that this was merely a result of their distinctiveness. A third study quantified the images on distinctiveness and statistically controlled for this variable in a reanalysis of Study 1 and Study 2. When distinctiveness was controlled for, categorizability and memorability did show a significant positive correlation. Moreover, the results also argued against the alternative explanation of the results of Study 2. Taken together, the results support the hypothesis that goodness of organization contributes to image memorability.

UNLABELLED: A number of studies have concluded that parents of children with ASD experience high levels of parenting stress. However, little is known about their parenting behaviors. Especially few studies investigated parenting in adolescence, although this period is associated with additional challenges for both adolescents and their parents. In the present study, a multi-method approach was used, combining data from a self-report questionnaire and observation of mother-child interactions during different semi-structured (e.g., inventing and building a vehicle of the future with construction toys) and structured tasks (e.g., solving marble maze). Linear mixed models (LMM) were used to compare the means of parenting behaviors among mothers of adolescents with (n = 44) and without ASD (n = 38), aged 12 to 16 years old. During the observations, mothers of adolescents with ASD showed more sensitivity and creativity, compared to the general population control group. In addition, mothers in the ASD group reported on the self-report questionnaire to adapt the environment more, for example, by establishing routines. Furthermore, this study investigated the role of maternal characteristics, that is, ASD characteristics and parenting stress. Parenting stress was associated with less self-reported positive parenting. Higher levels of ASD characteristics of the mother were related to more negativity and less sensitivity during the observation, and more self-reported harsh punishment and adapting the environment. This study additionally examined whether the impact of these maternal characteristics was the same across the two groups. Whereas group by parenting stress interaction effects were not significant for any of the observed and self-reported parenting behaviors, significant group by ASD characteristics interaction effects were noticed for self-reported harsh punishment and adapting the environment. Autism Res 2018, 11: 1000-1010. © 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: A number of studies have concluded that parents of children with ASD experience high levels of parenting stress. However, little is known about their parenting behaviors. Especially parenting in adolescence remains under investigated, although this period is associated with additional challenges for both adolescents and their parents. In this study, 44 adolescents with ASD and a control group of 38 adolescents without ASD, aged 12-16 years old, participated together with their mother. We compared parenting behaviors between the two groups, based on observations of mother-child interactions and a questionnaire that was filled out by the mother. During the observation, mothers of adolescents with ASD showed more sensitivity and creativity, compared to the control group. In addition, the questionnaire responses indicated that mothers in the ASD group adapted the environment more by for example, establishing routines. Furthermore, this study investigated the role of parenting stress and ASD characteristics of the mother on parenting behavior. Parenting stress was associated with less self-reported positive parenting. Higher levels of ASD characteristics of the mother were related to more negativity and less sensitivity during the observation in both groups, and more self-reported harsh punishment and adapting the environment in the control group only. ispartof: Autism Research vol:11 issue:7 pages:1000-1010 ispartof: location:United States status: published

Previous research suggested that adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are better than Typically Developing (TD) children in detecting local, non-social details within complex visual scenes. To better understand these differences, we used the image database by Sareen and colleagues (2015), containing the size and on-screen location information of all changes in the images, in a change blindness paradigm. In this task an original and a modified real-world scene, separated by a grey blank, alternate repeatedly until observers detect the change. Our results indicated that participants with and without ASD performed similarly when scenes were presented upright, but that only the performance of the TD adolescents became worse in the inverted scene condition. In this condition, the correlation between performance and both image difficulty and change predictability was significantly weaker in ASD than in TD participants. We suggest that these findings result from a more locally biased search strategy in people with ASD, compared to TD participants, in tasks in which the rapid processing of global information does not help to improve change detection performance. Finally, although we found change location, change size and age to influence participant performance, none of these was directly linked to the observed group-level differences. ispartof: Autism status: accepted

Supplemental material, AUT702559_Lay_Abstract for Change detection of meaningful objects in real-world scenes in adolescents with and without autism spectrum disorder by Steven Vanmarcke, Ilse Noens, Jean Steyaert and Johan Wagemans in Autism