Search

Your search keyword '"Vangansbeke, Pieter"' showing total 276 results
Start Over Author "Vangansbeke, Pieter"
276 results on '"Vangansbeke, Pieter"'

2. Trade-offs in biodiversity and ecosystem services between edges and interiors in European forests

Author

Vanneste, Thomas, Depauw, Leen, De Lombaerde, Emiel, Meeussen, Camille, Govaert, Sanne, De Pauw, Karen, Sanczuk, Pieter, Bollmann, Kurt, Brunet, Jörg, Calders, Kim, Cousins, Sara A. O., Diekmann, Martin, Gasperini, Cristina, Graae, Bente J., Hedwall, Per-Ola, Iacopetti, Giovanni, Lenoir, Jonathan, Lindmo, Sigrid, Orczewska, Anna, Ponette, Quentin, Plue, Jan, Selvi, Federico, Spicher, Fabien, Verbeeck, Hans, Zellweger, Florian, Verheyen, Kris, Vangansbeke, Pieter, and De Frenne, Pieter

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

3. Microclimate and forest density drive plant population dynamics under climate change

Author

Sanczuk, Pieter, De Pauw, Karen, De Lombaerde, Emiel, Luoto, Miska, Meeussen, Camille, Govaert, Sanne, Vanneste, Thomas, Depauw, Leen, Brunet, Jörg, Cousins, Sara A. O., Gasperini, Cristina, Hedwall, Per-Ola, Iacopetti, Giovanni, Lenoir, Jonathan, Plue, Jan, Selvi, Federico, Spicher, Fabien, Uria-Diez, Jaime, Verheyen, Kris, Vangansbeke, Pieter, and De Frenne, Pieter

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

6. SoilTemp: A global database of near‐surface temperature

Author

Lembrechts, Jonas J, Aalto, Juha, Ashcroft, Michael B, De Frenne, Pieter, Kopecký, Martin, Lenoir, Jonathan, Luoto, Miska, Maclean, Ilya MD, Roupsard, Olivier, Fuentes‐Lillo, Eduardo, García, Rafael A, Pellissier, Loïc, Pitteloud, Camille, Alatalo, Juha M, Smith, Stuart W, Björk, Robert G, Muffler, Lena, Backes, Amanda Ratier, Cesarz, Simone, Gottschall, Felix, Okello, Joseph, Urban, Josef, Plichta, Roman, Svátek, Martin, Phartyal, Shyam S, Wipf, Sonja, Eisenhauer, Nico, Pușcaș, Mihai, Turtureanu, Pavel D, Varlagin, Andrej, Dimarco, Romina D, Jump, Alistair S, Randall, Krystal, Dorrepaal, Ellen, Larson, Keith, Walz, Josefine, Vitale, Luca, Svoboda, Miroslav, Higgens, Rebecca Finger, Halbritter, Aud H, Curasi, Salvatore R, Klupar, Ian, Koontz, Austin, Pearse, William D, Simpson, Elizabeth, Stemkovski, Michael, Graae, Bente Jessen, Sørensen, Mia Vedel, Høye, Toke T, Calzado, M Rosa Fernández, Lorite, Juan, Carbognani, Michele, Tomaselli, Marcello, Forte, T'ai GW, Petraglia, Alessandro, Haesen, Stef, Somers, Ben, Van Meerbeek, Koenraad, Björkman, Mats P, Hylander, Kristoffer, Merinero, Sonia, Gharun, Mana, Buchmann, Nina, Dolezal, Jiri, Matula, Radim, Thomas, Andrew D, Bailey, Joseph J, Ghosn, Dany, Kazakis, George, Pablo, Miguel A, Kemppinen, Julia, Niittynen, Pekka, Rew, Lisa, Seipel, Tim, Larson, Christian, Speed, James DM, Ardö, Jonas, Cannone, Nicoletta, Guglielmin, Mauro, Malfasi, Francesco, Bader, Maaike Y, Canessa, Rafaella, Stanisci, Angela, Kreyling, Juergen, Schmeddes, Jonas, Teuber, Laurenz, Aschero, Valeria, Čiliak, Marek, Máliš, František, De Smedt, Pallieter, Govaert, Sanne, Meeussen, Camille, Vangansbeke, Pieter, Gigauri, Khatuna, Lamprecht, Andrea, Pauli, Harald, Steinbauer, Klaus, Winkler, Manuela, Ueyama, Masahito, and Nuñez, Martin A

Subjects
Climate Action, Climate Change, Ecosystem, Microclimate, Snow, Temperature, climate change, database, ecosystem processes, microclimate, soil climate, species distributions, temperature, topoclimate, Environmental Sciences, Biological Sciences, Ecology
Abstract

Current analyses and predictions of spatially explicit patterns and processes in ecology most often rely on climate data interpolated from standardized weather stations. This interpolated climate data represents long-term average thermal conditions at coarse spatial resolutions only. Hence, many climate-forcing factors that operate at fine spatiotemporal resolutions are overlooked. This is particularly important in relation to effects of observation height (e.g. vegetation, snow and soil characteristics) and in habitats varying in their exposure to radiation, moisture and wind (e.g. topography, radiative forcing or cold-air pooling). Since organisms living close to the ground relate more strongly to these microclimatic conditions than to free-air temperatures, microclimatic ground and near-surface data are needed to provide realistic forecasts of the fate of such organisms under anthropogenic climate change, as well as of the functioning of the ecosystems they live in. To fill this critical gap, we highlight a call for temperature time series submissions to SoilTemp, a geospatial database initiative compiling soil and near-surface temperature data from all over the world. Currently, this database contains time series from 7,538 temperature sensors from 51 countries across all key biomes. The database will pave the way toward an improved global understanding of microclimate and bridge the gap between the available climate data and the climate at fine spatiotemporal resolutions relevant to most organisms and ecosystem processes.

Published
2020

7. Taking sides? Aspect has limited influence on soil environment or litter decomposition in pan-European study of roadside verges

Author

Plymouth University, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Research Foundation - Flanders, Gómez Aparicio, Lorena [0000-0001-5122-3579], Graae, B. J. [0000-0002-5568-4759], Vangansbeke, Pieter [0000-0002-6356-2858], Amstutz, A., Firth, Louise, Spicer, John I., De Frenne, Pieter, Gómez Aparicio, Lorena, Graae, B. J., Kuś, S., Lindmo, S., Orczewska, A., Rodríguez-Sánchez, Francisco, Vangansbeke, Pieter, Vanneste, Thomas, Hanley, Mick E., Plymouth University, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Research Foundation - Flanders, Gómez Aparicio, Lorena [0000-0001-5122-3579], Graae, B. J. [0000-0002-5568-4759], Vangansbeke, Pieter [0000-0002-6356-2858], Amstutz, A., Firth, Louise, Spicer, John I., De Frenne, Pieter, Gómez Aparicio, Lorena, Graae, B. J., Kuś, S., Lindmo, S., Orczewska, A., Rodríguez-Sánchez, Francisco, Vangansbeke, Pieter, Vanneste, Thomas, and Hanley, Mick E.

Abstract

In addition to well-known effects on species ecophysiology, phenology, and distributions, climate change is widely predicted to impact essential ecosystem services such as decomposition and nutrient cycling. While temperature and soil moisture are thought to influence litter decomposition, elucidating consistent soil process responses to observed or predicted shifts in climate have proven difficult to evidence. Here we investigated how aspect (i.e., north-south orientation), a natural model for variation in soil temperature, influenced soil physico-chemical conditions and decomposition of two standardised litter types (Green tea and Rooibos teabags) in Pole-facing (PF) and Equator-facing (EF) roadside verges spanning a 3000 km and 27° latitudinal gradient across Europe. Despite average daily temperatures being 1.5 - 3.0 °C warmer on EF than PF slopes, there were only minor region-specific differences in initial soil physico-chemical conditions and short-term variation in litter decomposition (i.e., litter mass loss was higher in EF-verges for the first month of deployment only) associated with aspect. We conclude that previously observed differences in soil environments and the decomposition process associated with slope orientation, is largely litter or environment specific, although medium-term soil-decomposition in semi-natural grassland ecosystems may also be insensitive to the magnitude of temperature variation within the range predicted by the IPCC SSP1–2.6 emissions scenario. Nonetheless, consistent average and extreme temperature differences between adjacent PF- and EF-aspects along roadside verges provides a model system to explore exactly how resilient the soil environment and the micro-organisms responsible for decomposition, are to temperature variation.

Published
2024

8. Context matters: the landscape matrix determines the population genetic structure of temperate forest herbs across Europe

Author

Naaf, Tobias, Feigs, Jannis Till, Huang, Siyu, Brunet, Jörg, Cousins, Sara A. O., Decocq, Guillaume, De Frenne, Pieter, Diekmann, Martin, Govaert, Sanne, Hedwall, Per-Ola, Lenoir, Jonathan, Liira, Jaan, Meeussen, Camille, Plue, Jan, Vangansbeke, Pieter, Vanneste, Thomas, Verheyen, Kris, Holzhauer, Stephanie I. J., and Kramp, Katja

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

9. Unexpected westward range shifts in European forest plants link to nitrogen deposition.

Author

Sanczuk, Pieter, Verheyen, Kris, Lenoir, Jonathan, Zellweger, Florian, Lembrechts, Jonas J., Rodríguez-Sánchez, Francisco, Baeten, Lander, Bernhardt-Römermann, Markus, De Pauw, Karen, Vangansbeke, Pieter, Perring, Michael P., Berki, Imre, Bjorkman, Anne D., Brunet, Jörg, Chudomelová, Markéta, De Lombaerde, Emiel, Decocq, Guillaume, Dirnböck, Thomas, Durak, Tomasz, and Greiser, Caroline

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

10. Microclimatic edge-to-interior gradients of European deciduous forests

Author

Meeussen, Camille, Govaert, Sanne, Vanneste, Thomas, Bollmann, Kurt, Brunet, Jörg, Calders, Kim, Cousins, Sara A.O., De Pauw, Karen, Diekmann, Martin, Gasperini, Cristina, Hedwall, Per-Ola, Hylander, Kristoffer, Iacopetti, Giovanni, Lenoir, Jonathan, Lindmo, Sigrid, Orczewska, Anna, Ponette, Quentin, Plue, Jan, Sanczuk, Pieter, Selvi, Federico, Spicher, Fabien, Verbeeck, Hans, Zellweger, Florian, Verheyen, Kris, Vangansbeke, Pieter, and De Frenne, Pieter

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

12. Microclimate, an important part of ecology and biogeography

Author

Kemppinen, Julia, primary, Lembrechts, Jonas J., additional, Van Meerbeek, Koenraad, additional, Carnicer, Jofre, additional, Chardon, Nathalie Isabelle, additional, Kardol, Paul, additional, Lenoir, Jonathan, additional, Liu, Daijun, additional, Maclean, Ilya, additional, Pergl, Jan, additional, Saccone, Patrick, additional, Senior, Rebecca A., additional, Shen, Ting, additional, Słowińska, Sandra, additional, Vandvik, Vigdis, additional, von Oppen, Jonathan, additional, Aalto, Juha, additional, Ayalew, Biruk, additional, Bates, Olivia, additional, Bertelsmeier, Cleo, additional, Bertrand, Romain, additional, Beugnon, Rémy, additional, Borderieux, Jeremy, additional, Brůna, Josef, additional, Buckley, Lauren, additional, Bujan, Jelena, additional, Casanova‐Katny, Angelica, additional, Christiansen, Ditte Marie, additional, Collart, Flavien, additional, De Lombaerde, Emiel, additional, De Pauw, Karen, additional, Depauw, Leen, additional, Di Musciano, Michele, additional, Díaz Borrego, Raquel, additional, Díaz‐Calafat, Joan, additional, Ellis‐Soto, Diego, additional, Esteban, Raquel, additional, de Jong, Geerte Fälthammar, additional, Gallois, Elise, additional, Garcia, Maria Begoña, additional, Gillerot, Loïc, additional, Greiser, Caroline, additional, Gril, Eva, additional, Haesen, Stef, additional, Hampe, Arndt, additional, Hedwall, Per‐Ola, additional, Hes, Gabriel, additional, Hespanhol, Helena, additional, Hoffrén, Raúl, additional, Hylander, Kristoffer, additional, Jiménez‐Alfaro, Borja, additional, Jucker, Tommaso, additional, Klinges, David, additional, Kolstela, Joonas, additional, Kopecký, Martin, additional, Kovács, Bence, additional, Maeda, Eduardo Eiji, additional, Máliš, František, additional, Man, Matěj, additional, Mathiak, Corrie, additional, Meineri, Eric, additional, Naujokaitis‐Lewis, Ilona, additional, Nijs, Ivan, additional, Normand, Signe, additional, Nuñez, Martin, additional, Orczewska, Anna, additional, Peña‐Aguilera, Pablo, additional, Pincebourde, Sylvain, additional, Plichta, Roman, additional, Quick, Susan, additional, Renault, David, additional, Ricci, Lorenzo, additional, Rissanen, Tuuli, additional, Segura‐Hernández, Laura, additional, Selvi, Federico, additional, Serra‐Diaz, Josep M., additional, Soifer, Lydia, additional, Spicher, Fabien, additional, Svenning, Jens‐Christian, additional, Tamian, Anouch, additional, Thomaes, Arno, additional, Thoonen, Marijke, additional, Trew, Brittany, additional, Van de Vondel, Stijn, additional, van den Brink, Liesbeth, additional, Vangansbeke, Pieter, additional, Verdonck, Sanne, additional, Vitkova, Michaela, additional, Vives‐Ingla, Maria, additional, von Schmalensee, Loke, additional, Wang, Runxi, additional, Wild, Jan, additional, Williamson, Joseph, additional, Zellweger, Florian, additional, Zhou, Xiaqu, additional, Zuza, Emmanuel Junior, additional, and De Frenne, Pieter, additional

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

14. Sensitivity to habitat fragmentation across European landscapes in three temperate forest herbs

Author

Naaf, Tobias, Feigs, Jannis Till, Huang, Siyu, Brunet, Jörg, Cousins, Sara A. O., Decocq, Guillaume, De Frenne, Pieter, Diekmann, Martin, Govaert, Sanne, Hedwall, Per-Ola, Helsen, Kenny, Lenoir, Jonathan, Liira, Jaan, Meeussen, Camille, Plue, Jan, Poli, Pedro, Spicher, Fabien, Vangansbeke, Pieter, Vanneste, Thomas, Verheyen, Kris, Holzhauer, Stephanie I. J., and Kramp, Katja

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

17. Nutrient-demanding and thermophilous plants dominate urban forest-edge vegetation across temperate Europe

Author

De Pauw, Karen, Depauw, Leen, Calders, Kim, Cousins, Sara A. O., Decocq, Guillaume, De Lombaerde, Emiel, Diekmann, Martin, Frey, David, Lenoir, Jonathan, Meeussen, Camille, Orczewska, Anna, Plue, Jan, Spicher, Fabien, Zellweger, Florian, Vangansbeke, Pieter, Verheyen, Kris, De Frenne, Pieter, De Pauw, Karen, Depauw, Leen, Calders, Kim, Cousins, Sara A. O., Decocq, Guillaume, De Lombaerde, Emiel, Diekmann, Martin, Frey, David, Lenoir, Jonathan, Meeussen, Camille, Orczewska, Anna, Plue, Jan, Spicher, Fabien, Zellweger, Florian, Vangansbeke, Pieter, Verheyen, Kris, and De Frenne, Pieter

Abstract

Questions Forests are highly fragmented across the globe. For urban forests in particular, fragmentation increases the exposure to local warming caused by the urban heat island (UHI) effect. We here aim to quantify edge effects on herbaceous understorey vegetation in urban forests, and test whether these effects interact with forest structural complexity. Location We set up a pan-European study at the continental scale including six urban forests in Zurich, Paris, Katowice, Brussels, Bremen, and Stockholm. Methods We recorded understorey plant communities from the edge towards the interior of urban forests. Within each urban forest, we studied edge-to-interior gradients in paired stands with differing forest structural complexity. Community composition was analysed based on species specialism, life form, light, nutrient, acidity and disturbance indicator values and species' thermal niches. Results We found that herbaceous communities at urban forest edges supported more generalists and forbs but fewer ferns than in forests' interiors. A buffered summer microclimate proved crucial for the presence of fern species. The edge communities contained more thermophilous, disturbance-tolerant, nutrient-demanding and basiphilous plant species, a pattern strongly confirmed by corresponding edge-to-interior gradients in microclimate, soil and light conditions in the understorey. Additionally, plots with a lower canopy cover and higher light availability supported higher numbers of both generalists and forest specialists. Even though no significant interactions were found between the edge distance and forest structural complexity, opposing additive effects indicated that a dense canopy can be used to buffer negative edge effects. Conclusion The urban environment poses a multifaceted filter on understorey plant communities which contributes to significant differences in community composition between urban forest edges and interiors. For urban biodiversity conservation and the buf

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

18. Trait–micro-environment relationships of forest herb communities across Europe

Author

Govaert, Sanne, Meeussen, Camille, Vanneste, Thomas, Bollmann, Kurt, Brunet, Jörg, Calders, Kim, Cousins, Sara A. O., De Pauw, Karen, Diekmann, Martin, Graae, Bente J., Hedwall, Per-Ola, Iacopetti, Giovanni, Lenoir, Jonathan, Lindmo, Sigrid, Orczewska, Anna, Ponette, Quentin, Plue, Jan, Sanczuk, Pieter, Selvi, Federico, Spicher, Fabien, Verheyen, Kris, Vangansbeke, Pieter, De Frenne, Pieter, Govaert, Sanne, Meeussen, Camille, Vanneste, Thomas, Bollmann, Kurt, Brunet, Jörg, Calders, Kim, Cousins, Sara A. O., De Pauw, Karen, Diekmann, Martin, Graae, Bente J., Hedwall, Per-Ola, Iacopetti, Giovanni, Lenoir, Jonathan, Lindmo, Sigrid, Orczewska, Anna, Ponette, Quentin, Plue, Jan, Sanczuk, Pieter, Selvi, Federico, Spicher, Fabien, Verheyen, Kris, Vangansbeke, Pieter, and De Frenne, Pieter

Abstract

Aim: The microclimate and light conditions on the forest floor are strongly modified by tree canopies. Therefore, we need to better consider the micro-environment when quantifying trait–environment relationships for forest understorey plants. Here, we quantify relationships between micro-environmental conditions and plant functional traits at the community level, including intraspecific trait variation, and their relationship with microclimate air temperature, light and soil properties. Location: Deciduous temperate forests across Europe. Time period: 2018. Major taxa studied: Herbaceous vegetation. Methods: We sampled 225 plots across 15 regions along four complementary gradients capturing both macro- and microclimatic conditions including latitude, elevation, forest management and distance to forest edges. We related the community-weighted mean of five plant functional traits (plant height, specific leaf area [SLA], plant carbon [C], plant nitrogen [N] and plant C:N ratio) across 150 vascular plant species to variation in local microclimate air temperature, light and soil properties. We tested the effect of accounting for intraspecific variation in trait–environment relationships and performed variation partitioning to identify major drivers of trait variation. Results: Microclimate temperature, light availability and soil properties were all important predictors of community-weighted mean functional traits. When light availability and variation in temperature were higher, the herb community often consisted of taller plants with a higher C:N ratio. In more productive environments (e.g. with high soil nitrogen availability), the community was dominated by individuals with resource-acquisitive traits: high SLA and N but low C:N. Including intraspecific trait variation increased the strength of the trait–micro-environment relationship, and increased the importance of light availability. Main conclusions: The trait–environment relationships were much stronger when the

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

19. Microclimate, an important part of ecology and biogeography

Author

Kemppinen, Julia, Lembrechts, Jonas J., Van Meerbeek, Koenraad, Carnicer, Jofre, Chardon, Nathalie Isabelle, Kardol, Paul, Lenoir, Jonathan, Liu, Daijun, Maclean, Ilya, Pergl, Jan, Saccone, Patrick, Senior, Rebecca A., Shen, Ting, Słowińska, Sandra, Vandvik, Vigdis, von Oppen, Jonathan, Aalto, Juha, Ayalew, Biruk, Bates, Olivia, Bertelsmeier, Cleo, Bertrand, Romain, Beugnon, Rémy, Borderieux, Jeremy, Brůna, Josef, Buckley, Lauren, Bujan, Jelena, Casanova-Katny, Angelica, Christiansen, Ditte Marie, Collart, Flavien, De Lombaerde, Emiel, De Pauw, Karen, Depauw, Leen, Di Musciano, Michele, Díaz Borrego, Raquel, Díaz-Calafat, Joan, Ellis-Soto, Diego, Esteban, Raquel, de Jong, Geerte Fälthammar, Gallois, Elise, Garcia, Maria Begoña, Gillerot, Loïc, Greiser, Caroline, Gril, Eva, Haesen, Stef, Hampe, Arndt, Hedwall, Per Ola, Hes, Gabriel, Hespanhol, Helena, Hoffrén, Raúl, Hylander, Kristoffer, Jiménez-Alfaro, Borja, Jucker, Tommaso, Klinges, David, Kolstela, Joonas, Kopecký, Martin, Kovács, Bence, Maeda, Eduardo Eiji, Máliš, František, Man, Matěj, Mathiak, Corrie, Meineri, Eric, Naujokaitis-Lewis, Ilona, Nijs, Ivan, Normand, Signe, Nuñez, Martin, Orczewska, Anna, Peña-Aguilera, Pablo, Pincebourde, Sylvain, Plichta, Roman, Quick, Susan, Renault, David, Ricci, Lorenzo, Rissanen, Tuuli, Segura-Hernández, Laura, Selvi, Federico, Serra-Diaz, Josep M., Soifer, Lydia, Spicher, Fabien, Svenning, Jens Christian, Tamian, Anouch, Thomaes, Arno, Thoonen, Marijke, Trew, Brittany, Van de Vondel, Stijn, van den Brink, Liesbeth, Vangansbeke, Pieter, Verdonck, Sanne, Vitkova, Michaela, Vives-Ingla, Maria, von Schmalensee, Loke, Wang, Runxi, Wild, Jan, Williamson, Joseph, Zellweger, Florian, Zhou, Xiaqu, Zuza, Emmanuel Junior, De Frenne, Pieter, Kemppinen, Julia, Lembrechts, Jonas J., Van Meerbeek, Koenraad, Carnicer, Jofre, Chardon, Nathalie Isabelle, Kardol, Paul, Lenoir, Jonathan, Liu, Daijun, Maclean, Ilya, Pergl, Jan, Saccone, Patrick, Senior, Rebecca A., Shen, Ting, Słowińska, Sandra, Vandvik, Vigdis, von Oppen, Jonathan, Aalto, Juha, Ayalew, Biruk, Bates, Olivia, Bertelsmeier, Cleo, Bertrand, Romain, Beugnon, Rémy, Borderieux, Jeremy, Brůna, Josef, Buckley, Lauren, Bujan, Jelena, Casanova-Katny, Angelica, Christiansen, Ditte Marie, Collart, Flavien, De Lombaerde, Emiel, De Pauw, Karen, Depauw, Leen, Di Musciano, Michele, Díaz Borrego, Raquel, Díaz-Calafat, Joan, Ellis-Soto, Diego, Esteban, Raquel, de Jong, Geerte Fälthammar, Gallois, Elise, Garcia, Maria Begoña, Gillerot, Loïc, Greiser, Caroline, Gril, Eva, Haesen, Stef, Hampe, Arndt, Hedwall, Per Ola, Hes, Gabriel, Hespanhol, Helena, Hoffrén, Raúl, Hylander, Kristoffer, Jiménez-Alfaro, Borja, Jucker, Tommaso, Klinges, David, Kolstela, Joonas, Kopecký, Martin, Kovács, Bence, Maeda, Eduardo Eiji, Máliš, František, Man, Matěj, Mathiak, Corrie, Meineri, Eric, Naujokaitis-Lewis, Ilona, Nijs, Ivan, Normand, Signe, Nuñez, Martin, Orczewska, Anna, Peña-Aguilera, Pablo, Pincebourde, Sylvain, Plichta, Roman, Quick, Susan, Renault, David, Ricci, Lorenzo, Rissanen, Tuuli, Segura-Hernández, Laura, Selvi, Federico, Serra-Diaz, Josep M., Soifer, Lydia, Spicher, Fabien, Svenning, Jens Christian, Tamian, Anouch, Thomaes, Arno, Thoonen, Marijke, Trew, Brittany, Van de Vondel, Stijn, van den Brink, Liesbeth, Vangansbeke, Pieter, Verdonck, Sanne, Vitkova, Michaela, Vives-Ingla, Maria, von Schmalensee, Loke, Wang, Runxi, Wild, Jan, Williamson, Joseph, Zellweger, Florian, Zhou, Xiaqu, Zuza, Emmanuel Junior, and De Frenne, Pieter

Abstract

Brief introduction: What are microclimates and why are they important?: Microclimate science has developed into a global discipline. Microclimate science is increasingly used to understand and mitigate climate and biodiversity shifts. Here, we provide an overview of the current status of microclimate ecology and biogeography in terrestrial ecosystems, and where this field is heading next. Microclimate investigations in ecology and biogeography: We highlight the latest research on interactions between microclimates and organisms, including how microclimates influence individuals, and through them populations, communities and entire ecosystems and their processes. We also briefly discuss recent research on how organisms shape microclimates from the tropics to the poles. Microclimate applications in ecosystem management: Microclimates are also important in ecosystem management under climate change. We showcase new research in microclimate management with examples from biodiversity conservation, forestry and urban ecology. We discuss the importance of microrefugia in conservation and how to promote microclimate heterogeneity. Methods for microclimate science: We showcase the recent advances in data acquisition, such as novel field sensors and remote sensing methods. We discuss microclimate modelling, mapping and data processing, including accessibility of modelling tools, advantages of mechanistic and statistical modelling and solutions for computational challenges that have pushed the state-of-the-art of the field. What's next?: We identify major knowledge gaps that need to be filled for further advancing microclimate investigations, applications and methods. These gaps include spatiotemporal scaling of microclimate data, mismatches between macroclimate and microclimate in predicting responses of organisms to climate change, and the need for more evidence on the outcomes of microclimate management.

Published
2024

20. Limited effects of population age on the genetic structure of spatially isolated forest herb populations in temperate Europe

Author

Huang, Siyu, primary, Feigs, Jannis Till, additional, Holzhauer, Stephanie I. J., additional, Kramp, Katja, additional, Brunet, Jörg, additional, Decocq, Guillaume, additional, De Frenne, Pieter, additional, Diekmann, Martin, additional, Liira, Jaan, additional, Spicher, Fabien, additional, Vangansbeke, Pieter, additional, Vanneste, Thomas, additional, Verheyen, Kris, additional, and Naaf, Tobias, additional

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

22. Replacements of small- by large-ranged species scale up to diversity loss in Europe’s temperate forest biome

Author

Staude, Ingmar R., Waller, Donald M., Bernhardt-Römermann, Markus, Bjorkman, Anne D., Brunet, Jörg, De Frenne, Pieter, Hédl, Radim, Jandt, Ute, Lenoir, Jonathan, Máliš, František, Verheyen, Kris, Wulf, Monika, Pereira, Henrique M., Vangansbeke, Pieter, Ortmann-Ajkai, Adrienne, Pielech, Remigiusz, Berki, Imre, Chudomelová, Markéta, Decocq, Guillaume, Dirnböck, Thomas, Durak, Tomasz, Heinken, Thilo, Jaroszewicz, Bogdan, Kopecký, Martin, Macek, Martin, Malicki, Marek, Naaf, Tobias, Nagel, Thomas A., Petřík, Petr, Reczyńska, Kamila, Schei, Fride Høistad, Schmidt, Wolfgang, Standovár, Tibor, Świerkosz, Krzysztof, Teleki, Balázs, Van Calster, Hans, Vild, Ondřej, and Baeten, Lander

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

23. Using warming tolerances to predict understory plant responses to climate change

Author

Wei, Liping, primary, Sanczuk, Pieter, additional, De Pauw, Karen, additional, Caron, Maria Mercedes, additional, Selvi, Federico, additional, Hedwall, Per‐Ola, additional, Brunet, Jörg, additional, Cousins, Sara A. O., additional, Plue, Jan, additional, Spicher, Fabien, additional, Gasperini, Cristina, additional, Iacopetti, Giovanni, additional, Orczewska, Anna, additional, Uria‐Diez, Jaime, additional, Lenoir, Jonathan, additional, Vangansbeke, Pieter, additional, and De Frenne, Pieter, additional

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

24. Trait–micro‐environment relationships of forest herb communities across Europe

Author

Govaert, Sanne, primary, Meeussen, Camille, additional, Vanneste, Thomas, additional, Bollmann, Kurt, additional, Brunet, Jörg, additional, Calders, Kim, additional, Cousins, Sara A. O., additional, De Pauw, Karen, additional, Diekmann, Martin, additional, Graae, Bente J., additional, Hedwall, Per‐Ola, additional, Iacopetti, Giovanni, additional, Lenoir, Jonathan, additional, Lindmo, Sigrid, additional, Orczewska, Anna, additional, Ponette, Quentin, additional, Plue, Jan, additional, Sanczuk, Pieter, additional, Selvi, Federico, additional, Spicher, Fabien, additional, Verheyen, Kris, additional, Vangansbeke, Pieter, additional, and De Frenne, Pieter, additional

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

25. Observer and relocation errors matter in resurveys of historical vegetation plots

Author

Verheyen, Kris, Bažány, Martin, Chećko, Ewa, Chudomelová, Markéta, Closset-Kopp, Déborah, Czortek, Patryk, Decocq, Guillaume, De Frenne, Pieter, De Keersmaeker, Luc, García, Cecilia Enríquez, Fabšičová, Martina, Grytnes, John-Arvid, Hederová, Lucia, Hédl, Radim, Heinken, Thilo, Schei, Fride H., Horváth, Soma, Jaroszewicz, Bogdan, Jermakowicz, Edyta, Klinerová, Tereza, Kolk, Jens, Kopecký, Martin, Kuras, Iwona, Lenoir, Jonathan, Macek, Martin, Máliš, František, Martinessen, Tone C., Naaf, Tobias, Papp, László, Papp-Szakály, Ágnes, Pech, Paweł, Petřík, Petr, Prach, Jindřich, Reczyńska, Kamila, Sætersdal, Magne, Spicher, Fabien, Standovár, Tibor, Świerkosz, Krzysztof, Szczęśniak, Ewa, Tóth, Zoltán, Ujházy, Karol, Ujházyová, Mariana, Vangansbeke, Pieter, Vild, Ondřej, Wołkowycki, Dan, Wulf, Monika, and Baeten, Lander

Published
2018

26. Trait variation in juvenile plants from the soil seed bank of temperate forests in relation to macro‐ and microclimate

Author

Gasperini, Cristina, primary, Carrari, Elisa, additional, Govaert, Sanne, additional, Meeussen, Camille, additional, De Pauw, Karen, additional, Plue, Jan, additional, Sanczuk, Pieter, additional, Vanneste, Thomas, additional, Vangansbeke, Pieter, additional, Iacopetti, Giovanni, additional, De Frenne, Pieter, additional, and Selvi, Federico, additional

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

27. Nutrient‐demanding and thermophilous plants dominate urban forest‐edge vegetation across temperate Europe.

Author

De Pauw, Karen, Depauw, Leen, Calders, Kim, Cousins, Sara A. O., Decocq, Guillaume, De Lombaerde, Emiel, Diekmann, Martin, Frey, David, Lenoir, Jonathan, Meeussen, Camille, Orczewska, Anna, Plue, Jan, Spicher, Fabien, Zellweger, Florian, Vangansbeke, Pieter, Verheyen, Kris, and De Frenne, Pieter

Subjects
EDGE effects (Ecology), URBAN heat islands, URBAN biodiversity, URBAN plants, UNDERSTORY plants, FERNS, PLANT communities, PLANT species
Abstract

Questions: Forests are highly fragmented across the globe. For urban forests in particular, fragmentation increases the exposure to local warming caused by the urban heat island (UHI) effect. We here aim to quantify edge effects on herbaceous understorey vegetation in urban forests, and test whether these effects interact with forest structural complexity. Location: We set up a pan‐European study at the continental scale including six urban forests in Zurich, Paris, Katowice, Brussels, Bremen, and Stockholm. Methods: We recorded understorey plant communities from the edge towards the interior of urban forests. Within each urban forest, we studied edge‐to‐interior gradients in paired stands with differing forest structural complexity. Community composition was analysed based on species specialism, life form, light, nutrient, acidity and disturbance indicator values and species' thermal niches. Results: We found that herbaceous communities at urban forest edges supported more generalists and forbs but fewer ferns than in forests' interiors. A buffered summer microclimate proved crucial for the presence of fern species. The edge communities contained more thermophilous, disturbance‐tolerant, nutrient‐demanding and basiphilous plant species, a pattern strongly confirmed by corresponding edge‐to‐interior gradients in microclimate, soil and light conditions in the understorey. Additionally, plots with a lower canopy cover and higher light availability supported higher numbers of both generalists and forest specialists. Even though no significant interactions were found between the edge distance and forest structural complexity, opposing additive effects indicated that a dense canopy can be used to buffer negative edge effects. Conclusion: The urban environment poses a multifaceted filter on understorey plant communities which contributes to significant differences in community composition between urban forest edges and interiors. For urban biodiversity conservation and the buffering of edge effects, it will be key to maintain dense canopies near urban forest edges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

28. Using warming tolerances to predict understory plant responses to climate change.

Author

Wei, Liping, Sanczuk, Pieter, De Pauw, Karen, Caron, Maria Mercedes, Selvi, Federico, Hedwall, Per‐Ola, Brunet, Jörg, Cousins, Sara A. O., Plue, Jan, Spicher, Fabien, Gasperini, Cristina, Iacopetti, Giovanni, Orczewska, Anna, Uria‐Diez, Jaime, Lenoir, Jonathan, Vangansbeke, Pieter, and De Frenne, Pieter

Subjects
UNDERSTORY plants, FLOWERING of plants, CLIMATE change, PLANT performance, TEMPERATE forests, PLANT species
Abstract

Climate change is pushing species towards and potentially beyond their critical thermal limits. The extent to which species can cope with temperatures exceeding their critical thermal limits is still uncertain. To better assess species' responses to warming, we compute the warming tolerance (ΔTniche) as a thermal vulnerability index, using species' upper thermal limits (the temperature at the warm limit of their distribution range) minus the local habitat temperature actually experienced at a given location. This metric is useful to predict how much more warming species can tolerate before negative impacts are expected to occur. Here we set up a cross‐continental transplant experiment involving five regions distributed along a latitudinal gradient across Europe (43° N–61° N). Transplant sites were located in dense and open forests stands, and at forest edges and in interiors. We estimated the warming tolerance for 12 understory plant species common in European temperate forests. During 3 years, we examined the effects of the warming tolerance of each species across all transplanted locations on local plant performance, in terms of survival, height, ground cover, flowering probabilities and flower number. We found that the warming tolerance (ΔTniche) of the 12 studied understory species was significantly different across Europe and varied by up to 8°C. In general, ΔTniche were smaller (less positive) towards the forest edge and in open stands. Plant performance (growth and reproduction) increased with increasing ΔTniche across all 12 species. Our study demonstrated that ΔTniche of understory plant species varied with macroclimatic differences among regions across Europe, as well as in response to forest microclimates, albeit to a lesser extent. Our findings support the hypothesis that plant performance across species decreases in terms of growth and reproduction as local temperature conditions reach or exceed the warm limit of the focal species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

30. Trade-offs of biodiversity and ecosystem services in European forest edges vs interiors

Author

Vanneste, Thomas, primary, Depauw, Leen, additional, De Lombaerde, Emiel, additional, Meeussen, Camille, additional, Govaert, Sanne, additional, De Pauw, Karen, additional, Sanczuk, Pieter, additional, Bollmann, Kurt, additional, Brunet, Jörg, additional, Calders, Kim, additional, Cousins, Sara, additional, Diekmann, Martin, additional, Gasperin, Cristina, additional, Graae, Bente, additional, Hedwall, Per-Ola, additional, Iacopetti, Giovanni, additional, Lenoir, Jonathan, additional, Lindmo, Sigrid, additional, Orczewska, Anna, additional, Ponette, Quentin, additional, Plue, Jan, additional, Selvi, Federico, additional, Spicher, Fabien, additional, Verbeeck, Hans, additional, Zellweger, Florian, additional, Verheyen, Kris, additional, Vangansbeke, Pieter, additional, and De Frenne, Pieter, additional

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

31. ForestClim—Bioclimatic variables for microclimate temperatures of European forests

Author

Haesen, Stef, primary, Lembrechts, Jonas J., additional, De Frenne, Pieter, additional, Lenoir, Jonathan, additional, Aalto, Juha, additional, Ashcroft, Michael B., additional, Kopecký, Martin, additional, Luoto, Miska, additional, Maclean, Ilya, additional, Nijs, Ivan, additional, Niittynen, Pekka, additional, van den Hoogen, Johan, additional, Arriga, Nicola, additional, Brůna, Josef, additional, Buchmann, Nina, additional, Čiliak, Marek, additional, Collalti, Alessio, additional, De Lombaerde, Emiel, additional, Descombes, Patrice, additional, Gharun, Mana, additional, Goded, Ignacio, additional, Govaert, Sanne, additional, Greiser, Caroline, additional, Grelle, Achim, additional, Gruening, Carsten, additional, Hederová, Lucia, additional, Hylander, Kristoffer, additional, Kreyling, Jürgen, additional, Kruijt, Bart, additional, Macek, Martin, additional, Máliš, František, additional, Man, Matěj, additional, Manca, Giovanni, additional, Matula, Radim, additional, Meeussen, Camille, additional, Merinero, Sonia, additional, Minerbi, Stefano, additional, Montagnani, Leonardo, additional, Muffler, Lena, additional, Ogaya, Romà, additional, Penuelas, Josep, additional, Plichta, Roman, additional, Portillo‐Estrada, Miguel, additional, Schmeddes, Jonas, additional, Shekhar, Ankit, additional, Spicher, Fabien, additional, Ujházyová, Mariana, additional, Vangansbeke, Pieter, additional, Weigel, Robert, additional, Wild, Jan, additional, Zellweger, Florian, additional, and Van Meerbeek, Koenraad, additional

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

32. More warm-adapted species in soil seed banks than in herb layer plant communities across Europe

Author

Auffret, Alistair G., Vangansbeke, Pieter, De Frenne, Pieter, Auestad, Inger, Basto, Sofía, Grandin, Ulf, Jacquemyn, Hans, Jakobsson, Anna, Kalamees, Rein, Koch, Marcus A., Marrs, Rob, Marteinsdóttir, Bryndís, Wagner, Markus, Bekker, Renée M., Bruun, Hans Henrik, Decocq, Guillaume, Hermy, Martin, Jankowska-Błaszczuk, Małgorzata, Milberg, Per, Måren, Inger E., Pakeman, Robin J., Phoenix, Gareth K., Thompson, Ken, Van Calster, Hans, Vandvik, Vigdis, Plue, Jan, Auffret, Alistair G., Vangansbeke, Pieter, De Frenne, Pieter, Auestad, Inger, Basto, Sofía, Grandin, Ulf, Jacquemyn, Hans, Jakobsson, Anna, Kalamees, Rein, Koch, Marcus A., Marrs, Rob, Marteinsdóttir, Bryndís, Wagner, Markus, Bekker, Renée M., Bruun, Hans Henrik, Decocq, Guillaume, Hermy, Martin, Jankowska-Błaszczuk, Małgorzata, Milberg, Per, Måren, Inger E., Pakeman, Robin J., Phoenix, Gareth K., Thompson, Ken, Van Calster, Hans, Vandvik, Vigdis, and Plue, Jan

Abstract

Responses to climate change have often been found to lag behind the rate of warming that has occurred. In addition to dispersal limitation potentially restricting spread at leading range margins, the persistence of species in new and unsuitable conditions is thought to be responsible for apparent time-lags. Soil seed banks can allow plant communities to temporarily buffer unsuitable environmental conditions, but their potential to slow responses to long-term climate change is largely unknown. As local forest cover can also buffer the effects of a warming climate, it is important to understand how seed banks might interact with land cover to mediate community responses to climate change. We first related species-level seed bank persistence and distribution-derived climatic niches for 840 plant species. We then used a database of plant community data from grasslands, forests and intermediate successional habitats from across Europe to investigate relationships between seed banks and their corresponding herb layers in 2763 plots in the context of climate and land cover. We found that species from warmer climates and with broader distributions are more likely to have a higher seed bank persistence, resulting in seed banks that are composed of species with warmer and broader climatic distributions than their corresponding herb layers. This was consistent across our climatic extent, with larger differences (seed banks from even warmer climates relative to vegetation) found in grasslands. Synthesis. Seed banks have been shown to buffer plant communities through periods of environmental variability, and in a period of climate change might be expected to contain species reflecting past, cooler conditions. Here, we show that persistent seed banks often contain species with relatively warm climatic niches and those with wide climatic ranges. Although these patterns may not be primarily driven by species’ climatic adaptations, the prominence of such species in seed banks might, CC BYH2020 European Research Council, Grant/Award Number: 757833; Svenska Forskningsradet Formas, Grant/Award Number: 2015-1065 and 2018-00961; Vetenskapsradet, Grant/Award Number: 2020-04276

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

33. ForestClim : Bioclimatic variables for microclimate temperatures of European forests

Author

Haesen, Stef, Lembrechts, Jonas J., De Frenne, Pieter, Lenoir, Jonathan, Aalto, Juha, Ashcroft, Michael B., Kopecky, Martin, Luoto, Miska, Maclean, Ilya, Nijs, Ivan, Niittynen, Pekka, van den Hoogen, Johan, Arriga, Nicola, Bruna, Josef, Buchmann, Nina, Ciliak, Marek, Collalti, Alessio, De Lombaerde, Emiel, Descombes, Patrice, Gharun, Mana, Goded, Ignacio, Govaert, Sanne, Greiser, Caroline, Grelle, Achim, Gruening, Carsten, Hederova, Lucia, Hylander, Kristoffer, Kreyling, Juergen, Kruijt, Bart, Macek, Martin, Malis, Frantisek, Man, Matej, Manca, Giovanni, Matula, Radim, Meeussen, Camille, Merinero, Sonia, Minerbi, Stefano, Montagnani, Leonardo, Muffler, Lena, Ogaya, Roma, Penuelas, Josep, Plichta, Roman, Portillo-Estrada, Miguel, Schmeddes, Jonas, Shekhar, Ankit, Spicher, Fabien, Ujhazyova, Mariana, Vangansbeke, Pieter, Weigel, Robert, Wild, Jan, Zellweger, Florian, Van Meerbeek, Koenraad, Haesen, Stef, Lembrechts, Jonas J., De Frenne, Pieter, Lenoir, Jonathan, Aalto, Juha, Ashcroft, Michael B., Kopecky, Martin, Luoto, Miska, Maclean, Ilya, Nijs, Ivan, Niittynen, Pekka, van den Hoogen, Johan, Arriga, Nicola, Bruna, Josef, Buchmann, Nina, Ciliak, Marek, Collalti, Alessio, De Lombaerde, Emiel, Descombes, Patrice, Gharun, Mana, Goded, Ignacio, Govaert, Sanne, Greiser, Caroline, Grelle, Achim, Gruening, Carsten, Hederova, Lucia, Hylander, Kristoffer, Kreyling, Juergen, Kruijt, Bart, Macek, Martin, Malis, Frantisek, Man, Matej, Manca, Giovanni, Matula, Radim, Meeussen, Camille, Merinero, Sonia, Minerbi, Stefano, Montagnani, Leonardo, Muffler, Lena, Ogaya, Roma, Penuelas, Josep, Plichta, Roman, Portillo-Estrada, Miguel, Schmeddes, Jonas, Shekhar, Ankit, Spicher, Fabien, Ujhazyova, Mariana, Vangansbeke, Pieter, Weigel, Robert, Wild, Jan, Zellweger, Florian, and Van Meerbeek, Koenraad

Abstract

Microclimate research gained renewed interest over the last decade and its importance for many ecological processes is increasingly being recognized. Consequently, the call for high-resolution microclimatic temperature grids across broad spatial extents is becoming more pressing to improve ecological models. Here, we provide a new set of open-access bioclimatic variables for microclimate temperatures of European forests at 25 x 25 m2 resolution.

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

34. Microclimate, an inseparable part of ecology and biogeography

Author

Kemppinen, Julia, Lembrechts, Jonas J, Van Meerbeek, Koenraad, Carnicer, Jofre, Chardon, Nathalie Isabelle, Kardol, Paul, Lenoir, Jonathan, Liu, Daijun, Maclean, Ilya, Pergl, Jan, Saccone, Patrick, Senior, Rebecca A., Shen, Ting, Słowińska, Sandra, Vandvik, Vigdis, von Oppen, Jonathan, Aalto, Juha, Ayalew, Biruk, Bates, Olivia, Bertelsmeier, Cleo, Bertrand, Romain, Beugnon, Rémy, Borderieux, Jeremy, Brůna, Josef, Buckley, Lauren, Bujan, Jelena, Casanova-Katny, Angelica, Christiansen, Ditte Marie, Collart, Flavien, De Lombaerde, Emiel, De Pauw, Karen, Depauw, Leen, Di Musciano, Michele, Díaz Borrego, Raquel, Díaz-Calafat, Joan, Ellis-Soto, Diego, Esteban, Raquel, Fälthammar de Jong, Geerte, Gallois, Elise, Garcia, Maria Begoña, Gillerot, Loïc, Greiser, Caroline, Gril, Eva, Haesen, Stef, Hampe, Arndt, Hedwall, Per-Ola, Hes, Gabriel, Hespanhol, Helena, Hoffrén, Raúl, Hylander, Kristoffer, Jiménez-Alfaro, Borja, Jucker, Tommaso, Klinges, David, Kolstela, Joonas, Kopecký, Martin, Kovács, Bence, Maeda, Eduardo Eiji, Máliš, František, Man, Matěj, Mathiak, Corrie, Meineri, Eric, Naujokaitis-Lewis, Ilona, Nijs, Ivan, Normand, Signe, Nuñez, Martin, Orczewska, Anna, Peña-Aguilera, Pablo, Pincebourde, Sylvain, Plichta, Roman, Quick, Susan, Renault, David, Ricci, Lorenzo, Rissanen, Tuuli, Segura-Hernández, Laura, Selvi, Federico, Serra-Diaz, Josep M, Soifer, Lydia, Spicher, Fabien, Svenning, Jens-Christian, Tamian, Anouch, Thomaes, Arno, Thoonen, Marijke, Trew, Brittany, Van de Vondel, Stijn, van den Brink, Liesbeth, Vangansbeke, Pieter, Verdonck, Sanne, Vitkova, Michaela, Vives-Ingla, Maria, von Schmalensee, Loke, Wang, Runxi, Wild, Jan, Williamson, Joseph, Zellweger, Florian, Zhou, Xiaqu, Zuza, Emmanuel Junior, and De Frenne, Pieter

Abstract

Microclimate science has developed into a global discipline. Microclimate science is increasingly used to understand and mitigate climate and biodiversity shifts. Here, we provide an overview of the current status of microclimate ecology and biogeography, and where this field is heading next. We showcase the recent advances in data acquisition, such as novel field sensors and remote sensing methods. We discuss microclimate modelling, mapping, and data processing, including accessibility of modelling tools, advantages of mechanistic and statistical modelling, and solutions for computational challenges that have pushed the state-of-the-art of the field. We highlight the latest research on interactions between microclimate and organisms, including how microclimate influences individuals, and through them populations, communities, and entire ecosystems and their processes. We also briefly discuss recent research on how organisms shape microclimate from the tropics to the poles. Microclimates are also important in ecosystem management under climate change. We showcase new research in microclimate management with examples from biodiversity conservation, forestry, and urban ecology. We discuss the importance of microrefugia in conservation and how to promote microclimate heterogeneity. We identify major knowledge gaps that need to be filled for further advancing microclimate methods, investigations, and applications. These gaps include spatiotemporal scaling of microclimate data, mismatches between macroclimate and microclimate in predicting responses of organisms to climate change, and the need for more evidence on the outcomes of microclimate management. Biosketch The authors are participants of the Microclimate Ecology and Biogeography conference held in Antwerp, Belgium in 2022. Together they collaboratively wrote this perspective paper that brings together 97 experts and their views on the recent advancements and knowledge gaps in terrestrial microclimate. The paper was coordinated by Julia Kemppinen, Jonas Lembrechts, Koenraad Van Meerbeek, and Pieter De Frenne, and writing different sections was led by Jofre Carnicer, Nathalie Chardon, Paul Kardol, Jonathan Lenoir, Daijun Liu, Ilya Maclean, Jan Pergl, Patrick Saccone, Rebecca Senior, Ting Shen, Sandra Słowińska, Vigdis Vandvik, and Jonathan von Oppen. For more details on authors statistics and how the work was organised, please see Supplementary information Figures S1-3.

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

35. More warm‐adapted species in soil seed banks than in herb layer plant communities across Europe

Author

Auffret, Alistair G., primary, Vangansbeke, Pieter, additional, De Frenne, Pieter, additional, Auestad, Inger, additional, Basto, Sofía, additional, Grandin, Ulf, additional, Jacquemyn, Hans, additional, Jakobsson, Anna, additional, Kalamees, Rein, additional, Koch, Marcus A., additional, Marrs, Rob, additional, Marteinsdóttir, Bryndís, additional, Wagner, Markus, additional, Bekker, Renée M., additional, Bruun, Hans Henrik, additional, Decocq, Guillaume, additional, Hermy, Martin, additional, Jankowska‐Błaszczuk, Małgorzata, additional, Milberg, Per, additional, Måren, Inger E., additional, Pakeman, Robin J., additional, Phoenix, Gareth K., additional, Thompson, Ken, additional, Van Calster, Hans, additional, Vandvik, Vigdis, additional, and Plue, Jan, additional

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

36. Taking Sides? The Influence of Aspect on Teabag Litter Decomposition in European Roadside Verges

Author

Hanley, Mick, primary, Amstutz, Axelle, additional, Firth, Louise, additional, Spicer, John, additional, De Frenne, Pieter, additional, Gómez-Aparicio, Lorena, additional, Graae, Bente J., additional, Kuś, Szymon, additional, Lindmo, Sigrid, additional, Orczewska, Anna, additional, Rodríguez-Sánchez, Francisco, additional, Vangansbeke, Pieter, additional, and Vanneste, Thomas, additional

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

37. Aspect Has Limited Influence on Soil Environment, Biota or Litter Decomposition: A Pan-European Study of Roadside Verges

Author

Hanley, Mick, primary, Amstutz, Axelle, additional, Firth, Louise, additional, Spicer, John, additional, De Frenne, Pieter, additional, Gómez-Aparicio, Lorena, additional, Graae, Bente J., additional, Kuś, Szymon, additional, Lindmo, Sigrid, additional, Orczewska, Anna, additional, Rodríguez-Sánchez, Francisco, additional, Vangansbeke, Pieter, additional, and Vanneste, Thomas, additional

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

40. Forest density and edge effects on soil microbial communities in deciduous forests across Europe

Author

Yang, Jie, primary, Blondeel, Haben, additional, Meeussen, Camille, additional, Govaert, Sanne, additional, Vangansbeke, Pieter, additional, Boeckx, Pascal, additional, Lenoir, Jonathan, additional, Orczewska, Anna, additional, Ponette, Quentin, additional, Hedwall, Per-Ola, additional, Iacopetti, Giovanni, additional, Brunet, Jörg, additional, De Frenne, Pieter, additional, and Verheyen, Kris, additional

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

42. Global maps of soil temperature

Author

Winkler, Manuela, Plichta, Roman, Buysse, Pauline, Lohila, Annalea, Spicher, Fabien, Boeckx, Pascal, Wild, Jan, Feigenwinter, Iris, Olejnik, Janusz, Risch, Anita, Khuroo, Anzar, Lynn, Joshua, di Cella, Umberto, Schmidt, Marius, Urbaniak, Marek, Marchesini, Luca, Govaert, Sanne, Uogintas, Domas, Assis, Rafael, Medinets, Volodymyr, Abdalaze, Otar, Varlagin, Andrej, Dolezal, Jiri, Myers, Jonathan, Randall, Krystal, Bauters, Marijn, Jimenez, Juan, Stoll, Stefan, Petraglia, Alessandro, Mazzolari, Ana, Ogaya, Romà, Tyystjärvi, Vilna, Hammerle, Albin, Wipf, Sonja, Lorite, Juan, Fanin, Nicolas, Benavides, Juan, Scholten, Thomas, Yu, Zicheng, Veen, G., Treier, Urs, Candan, Onur, Bell, Michael, Hörtnagl, Lukas, Siebicke, Lukas, Vives-Ingla, Maria, Eugster, Werner, Grelle, Achim, Stemkovski, Michael, Theurillat, Jean-Paul, Matula, Radim, Dorrepaal, Ellen, Steinbrecher, Rainer, Alatalo, Juha, Fenu, Giuseppe, Arzac, Alberto, Homeier, Jürgen, Porro, Francesco, Robinson, Sharon, Ghosn, Dany, Haugum, Siri, Ziemblińska, Klaudia, Camargo, José, Zhao, Peng, Niittynen, Pekka, Liljebladh, Bengt, Normand, Signe, Dias, Arildo, Larson, Christian, Peichl, Matthias, Collier, Laura, Myers-Smith, Isla, Zong, Shengwei, Kašpar, Vít, Cooper, Elisabeth, Haider, Sylvia, von Oppen, Jonathan, Cutini, Maurizio, Benito-Alonso, José-Luis, Luoto, Miska, Klemedtsson, Leif, Higgens, Rebecca, Zhang, Jian, Speed, James, Nijs, Ivan, Macek, Martin, Steinwandter, Michael, Poyatos, Rafael, Niedrist, Georg, Curasi, Salvatore, Yang, Yan, Dengler, Jürgen, Géron, Charly, de Pablo, Miguel, Xenakis, Georgios, Kreyling, Juergen, Forte, Tai, Bailey, Joseph, Knohl, Alexander, Goulding, Keith, Wilkinson, Matthew, Kljun, Natascha, Roupsard, Olivier, Stiegler, Christian, Verbruggen, Erik, Wingate, Lisa, Lamprecht, Andrea, Hamid, Maroof, Rossi, Graziano, Descombes, Patrice, Hrbacek, Filip, Bjornsdottir, Katrin, Poulenard, Jérôme, Meeussen, Camille, Guénard, Benoit, Venn, Susanna, Dimarco, Romina, Man, Matěj, Scharnweber, Tobias, Chown, Steven, Pio, Casimiro, Way, Robert, Erickson, Todd, Fernández-Pascual, Eduardo, Pușcaș, Mihai, Orsenigo, Simone, Di Musciano, Michele, Enquist, Brian, Newling, Emily, Tagesson, Torbern, Kemppinen, Julia, Serra-Diaz, Josep, Gottschall, Felix, Schuchardt, Max, Pitacco, Andrea, Jump, Alistair, Exton, Dan, Carnicer, Jofre, Aschero, Valeria, Urban, Anastasiya, Daskalova, Gergana, Santos, Cinthya, Goeckede, Mathias, Bruna, Josef, Andrews, Christopher, Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg, Casanova-Katny, Angélica, Moriana-Armendariz, Mikel, Ewers, Robert, Pärtel, Meelis, Sagot, Clotilde, Herbst, Mathias, De Frenne, Pieter, Milbau, Ann, Gobin, Anne, Alexander, Jake, Kopecký, Martin, Buchmann, Nina, Kotowska, Martyna, Puchalka, Radoslaw, Penuelas, Josep, Gigauri, Khatuna, Prokushkin, Anatoly, Moiseev, Pavel, Jentsch, Anke, Klisz, Marcin, Barrio, Isabel, Ammann, Christof, Panov, Alexey, Van Geel, Maarten, Finckh, Manfred, Vaccari, Francesco, Erschbamer, Brigitta, Backes, Amanda, Robroek, Bjorn, Campoe, Otávio, Ahmadian, Negar, Boike, Julia, Thomas, Haydn, Pastor, Ada, Smith, Stuart, Pauli, Harald, Kollár, Jozef, de Cássia Guimarães Mesquita, Rita, Michaletz, Sean, Fuentes-Lillo, Eduardo, Urban, Josef, Greenwood, Sarah, Lens, Luc, Van de Vondel, Stijn, Vitale, Luca, Remmele, Sabine, Naujokaitis-Lewis, Ilona, Meusburger, Katrin, Cremonese, Edoardo, Barros, Agustina, Bokhorst, Stef, Svátek, Martin, Allonsius, Camille, Høye, Toke, Smiljanic, Marko, Hik, David, Canessa, Rafaella, van den Hoogen, Johan, Altman, Jan, Björkman, Mats, Cesarz, Simone, Blonder, Benjamin, Kazakis, George, Opedal, Øystein, Assmann, Jakob, Tanentzap, Andrew, Sidenko, Nikita, le Maire, Guerric, Ursu, Tudor-Mihai, Montagnani, Leonardo, Muffler, Lena, Hederová, Lucia, Rubtsov, Alexey, Pauchard, Aníbal, Tielbörger, Katja, Sørensen, Mia, Crowther, Thomas, Remmers, Wolfram, Pitteloud, Camille, Zyryanov, Viacheslav, Nilsson, Matts, Bazzichetto, Manuele, Sallo-Bravo, Jhonatan, Moiseev, Dmitry, Spasojevic, Marko, Haase, Peter, Pearse, William, Tutton, Rosamond, Fazlioglu, Fatih, Siqueira, David, Ardö, Jonas, Nardino, Marianna, Tomaselli, Marcello, Pavelka, Marian, García, Rafael, Nosetto, Marcelo, Bon, Matteo, Semenchuk, Philipp, Choler, Philippe, Scott, Tony, Halbritter, Aud, Dušek, Jiří, Mackenzie, Roy, Stanisci, Angela, Nouvellon, Yann, Kovács, Bence, Haesen, Stef, Veenendaal, Elmar, Juszczak, Radoslaw, Verheijen, Frank, de Andrade, Ana, Verbeeck, Hans, Bader, Maaike, RENAULT, David, Zimmermann, Reiner, Ferlian, Olga, Medinets, Sergiy, Walz, Josefine, Rossi, Christian, Rocha, Adrian, Lembrechts, Jonas, Jactel, Hervé, Brum, Barbara, Aartsma, Peter, Kobler, Johannes, Eisenhauer, Nico, Bjerke, Jarle, Pellissier, Loïc, Ueyama, Masahito, Manca, Giovanni, Bahalkeh, Khadijeh, Meysman, Filip, Niessner, Armin, Curtis, Robin, Six, Johan, Saccone, Patrick, Wang, Runxi, Ahrends, Antje, Okello, Joseph, Kolle, Olaf, Portillo-Estrada, Miguel, Laska, Kamil, Freeman, Erika, Di Cecco, Valter, Ashcroft, Michael, Steinbauer, Klaus, Della Chiesa, Stefano, van den Brink, Liesbeth, Herberich, Maximiliane, Loubet, Benjamin, Barančok, Peter, Hermanutz, Luise, Souza, Bartolomeu, Contador, Tamara, Zhang, Zhaochen, Aerts, Rien, Stephan, Jörg, Chojnicki, Bogdan, Manco, Antonio, Larson, Keith, Mondoni, Andrea, Palaj, Andrej, Schmeddes, Jonas, Hepenstrick, Daniel, Järveoja, Järvi, Manise, Tanguy, Barthel, Matti, Marciniak, Felipe, Weigel, Robert, Rixen, Christian, Turtureanu, Pavel, Hoffrén, Raúl, Iwata, Hiroki, Vittoz, Pascal, Wedegärtner, Ronja, Penczykowski, Rachel, Phartyal, Shyam, Sitková, Zuzana, Nagy, Laszlo, Ujházy, Karol, Heinesch, Bernard, Berauer, Bernd, Ogée, Jérôme, Malfasi, Francesco, Greise, Caroline, Helfter, Carole, Mosedale, Jonathan, Senior, Rebecca, Magliulo, Enzo, Nuñez, Martin, García, María, Wohlfahrt, Georg, Carbognani, Michele, Thomas, Andrew, Eklundh, Lars, Erfanian, Mohammad, Villar, Luis, Maier, Regine, Dahlberg, C., Guglielmin, Mauro, Jucker, Tommaso, Kelly, Julia, Olesen, Jørgen, Lang, Simone, Tanneberger, Franziska, Gharun, Mana, Jackowicz-Korczynski, Marcin, Convey, Peter, Aalto, Juha, Scheffers, Brett, Ujházyová, Mariana, Andres, Christian, Arriga, Nicola, Smith-Tripp, Sarah, Kanka, Róbert, Dick, Jan, Leihy, Rachel, Van Meerbeek, Koenraad, Maclean, Ilya, Vangansbeke, Pieter, Pampuch, Timo, Čiliak, Marek, Guillemot, Joannès, Sarneel, Judith, Souza, José, Svoboda, Miroslav, Björk, Robert, Merinero, Sonia, Zellweger, Florian, Simpson, Elizabeth, Cannone, Nicoletta, Abedi, Mehdi, Seipel, Tim, Klinges, David, Máliš, František, Basham, Edmund, Sewerniak, Piotr, Schwartz, Naomi, Trouillier, Mario, Vandvik, Vigdis, Shekhar, Ankit, Munoz-Rojas, Miriam, Nicklas, Lena, Goded, Ignacio, Manolaki, Paraskevi, Radujković, Dajana, Yu, Kailiang, Phoenix, Gareth, Cifuentes, Edgar, Seeber, Julia, Deronde, Bart, Lenoir, Jonathan, Frei, Esther, Wilmking, Martin, Hylander, Kristoffer, Graae, Bente, Calzado, M., Wang, Yifeng, Hampe, Arndt, Somers, Ben, Mörsdorf, Martin, Jastrzebowski, Szymon, Ejtehadi, Hamid, Terrestrial Ecology (TE), Universidad de Alcalá. Departamento de Geología, Geografía y Medio Ambiente, BioGeoClimate Modelling Lab, Department of Geosciences and Geography, Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), Universiteit Antwerpen = University of Antwerpen [Antwerpen], Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), LTSER Zone Atelier Alpes, Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum [Frankfurt], Senckenberg – Leibniz Institution for Biodiversity and Earth System Research - Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Leibniz Association-Leibniz Association, Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de Montagne (EDYTEM), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), SILVA (SILVA), AgroParisTech-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés - UMR CNRS 7058 (EDYSAN), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 12P1819N, Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, ANR-10-LABX-0045,COTE,COntinental To coastal Ecosystems: evolution, adaptability and governance(2010), ANR-13-ISV7-0004,ODYSSEE,De nouvelles voies pour la modélisation des dynamiques d'assemblages d'espèces intégrant l'écologie et l'évolution: le cas des écosystèmes de montagne des Alpes et des Carpates(2013), ANR-20-EBI5-0004,ASICS,ASsessing and mitigating the effects of climate change and biological Invasions on the spatial redistribution of biodiversity in Cold environmentS(2020), ANR-19-CE32-0005,IMPRINT,IMpacts des PRocessus mIcroclimatiques sur la redistributioN de la biodiversiTé forestière en contexte de réchauffement du macroclimat(2019), European Project: 774124 , H2020,H2020-SFS-2017-2,SUPER-G (2018), European Project: 282910,EC:FP7:ENV,FP7-ENV-2011,ECLAIRE(2011), European Project: 641918,H2020,H2020-SC5-2014-two-stage,AfricanBioServices(2015), European Project: 678841,H2020,ERC-2015-STG,NICH(2016), European Project: 871128,eLTER PLUS (2020), European Project: 861974, H2020,SOCIETAL CHALLENGES - Food security, sustainable agriculture and forestry, marine, maritime and inland water research, and the bioeconomy,SustainSahel(2020), Lembrechts, Jonas J [0000-0002-1933-0750], van den Hoogen, Johan [0000-0001-6624-8461], Aalto, Juha [0000-0001-6819-4911], De Frenne, Pieter [0000-0002-8613-0943], Kemppinen, Julia [0000-0001-7521-7229], Kopecký, Martin [0000-0002-1018-9316], Luoto, Miska [0000-0001-6203-5143], Maclean, Ilya MD [0000-0001-8030-9136], Crowther, Thomas W [0000-0001-5674-8913], Bailey, Joseph J [0000-0002-9526-7095], Haesen, Stef [0000-0002-4491-4213], Klinges, David H [0000-0002-7900-9379], Niittynen, Pekka [0000-0002-7290-029X], Scheffers, Brett R [0000-0003-2423-3821], Van Meerbeek, Koenraad [0000-0002-9260-3815], Aartsma, Peter [0000-0001-5086-856X], Abdalaze, Otar [0000-0001-8140-0900], Abedi, Mehdi [0000-0002-1499-0119], Aerts, Rien [0000-0001-6694-0669], Ahmadian, Negar [0000-0002-7427-7198], Ahrends, Antje [0000-0002-5083-7760], Alatalo, Juha M [0000-0001-5084-850X], Alexander, Jake M [0000-0003-2226-7913], Allonsius, Camille Nina [0000-0003-2599-9941], Altman, Jan [0000-0003-4879-5773], Ammann, Christof [0000-0002-0783-5444], Andres, Christian [0000-0003-0576-6446], Andrews, Christopher [0000-0003-2428-272X], Ardö, Jonas [0000-0002-9318-0973], Arriga, Nicola [0000-0001-5321-3497], Arzac, Alberto [0000-0002-3361-5349], Aschero, Valeria [0000-0003-3865-4133], Assis, Rafael L [0000-0001-8468-6414], Assmann, Jakob Johann [0000-0002-3492-8419], Bader, Maaike Y [0000-0003-4300-7598], Bahalkeh, Khadijeh [0000-0003-1485-0316], Barančok, Peter [0000-0003-1171-2524], Barrio, Isabel C [0000-0002-8120-5248], Barros, Agustina [0000-0002-6810-2391], Basham, Edmund W [0000-0002-0167-7908], Bauters, Marijn [0000-0003-0978-6639], Bazzichetto, Manuele [0000-0002-9874-5064], Marchesini, Luca Belelli [0000-0001-8408-4675], Bell, Michael C [0000-0002-3401-7746], Benavides, Juan C [0000-0002-9694-2195], Benito Alonso, José Luis [0000-0003-1086-8834], Berauer, Bernd J [0000-0002-9472-1532], Bjerke, Jarle W [0000-0003-2721-1492], Björk, Robert G [0000-0001-7346-666X], Björkman, Mats P [0000-0001-5768-1976], Björnsdóttir, Katrin [0000-0001-7421-9441], Blonder, Benjamin [0000-0002-5061-2385], Boeckx, Pascal [0000-0003-3998-0010], Boike, Julia [0000-0002-5875-2112], Bokhorst, Stef [0000-0003-0184-1162], Brum, Bárbara NS [0000-0002-8421-3200], Brůna, Josef [0000-0002-4839-4593], Buchmann, Nina [0000-0003-0826-2980], Camargo, José Luís [0000-0003-0370-9878], Campoe, Otávio C [0000-0001-9810-8834], Candan, Onur [0000-0002-9254-4122], Canessa, Rafaella [0000-0002-6979-9880], Cannone, Nicoletta [0000-0002-3390-3965], Carbognani, Michele [0000-0001-7701-9859], Carnicer, Jofre [0000-0001-7454-8296], Casanova-Katny, Angélica [0000-0003-3860-1445], Cesarz, Simone [0000-0003-2334-5119], Chojnicki, Bogdan [0000-0002-9012-4060], Choler, Philippe [0000-0002-9062-2721], Chown, Steven L [0000-0001-6069-5105], Cifuentes, Edgar F [0000-0001-5918-5861], Čiliak, Marek [0000-0002-6720-9365], Contador, Tamara [0000-0002-0250-9877], Convey, Peter [0000-0001-8497-9903], Cooper, Elisabeth J [0000-0002-0634-1282], Cremonese, Edoardo [0000-0002-6708-8532], Curasi, Salvatore R [0000-0002-4534-3344], Cutini, Maurizio [0000-0002-8597-8221], Dahlberg, C Johan [0000-0003-0271-3306], Daskalova, Gergana N [0000-0002-5674-5322], de Pablo, Miguel Angel [0000-0002-4496-2741], Della Chiesa, Stefano [0000-0002-6693-2199], Dengler, Jürgen [0000-0003-3221-660X], Descombes, Patrice [0000-0002-3760-9907], Di Cecco, Valter [0000-0001-9862-1267], Di Musciano, Michele [0000-0002-3130-7270], Dick, Jan [0000-0002-4180-9338], Dolezal, Jiri [0000-0002-5829-4051], Dorrepaal, Ellen [0000-0002-0523-2471], Dušek, Jiří [0000-0001-6119-0838], Eisenhauer, Nico [0000-0002-0371-6720], Eklundh, Lars [0000-0001-7644-6517], Erickson, Todd E [0000-0003-4537-0251], Erschbamer, Brigitta [0000-0002-6792-1395], Eugster, Werner [0000-0001-6067-0741], Exton, Dan A [0000-0001-8885-5828], Fanin, Nicolas [0000-0003-4195-855X], Fazlioglu, Fatih [0000-0002-4723-3640], Feigenwinter, Iris [0000-0001-7493-6790], Fenu, Giuseppe [0000-0003-4762-5043], Ferlian, Olga [0000-0002-2536-7592], Fernández-Pascual, Eduardo [0000-0002-4743-9577], Finckh, Manfred [0000-0003-2186-0854], Higgens, Rebecca Finger [0000-0002-7645-504X], Forte, T'ai GW [0000-0002-8685-5872], Freeman, Erika C [0000-0001-7161-6038], Frei, Esther R [0000-0003-1910-7900], Fuentes-Lillo, Eduardo [0000-0001-5657-954X], García, Rafael A [0000-0002-0591-0391], García, María B [0000-0003-4231-6006], Géron, Charly [0000-0001-7912-4708], Gharun, Mana [0000-0003-0337-7367], Ghosn, Dany [0000-0003-1898-9681], Gigauri, Khatuna [0000-0002-6707-0818], Gobin, Anne [0000-0002-3742-7062], Goded, Ignacio [0000-0002-1912-325X], Goeckede, Mathias [0000-0003-2833-8401], Gottschall, Felix [0000-0002-1247-8728], Goulding, Keith [0000-0002-6465-1465], Govaert, Sanne [0000-0002-8939-1305], Graae, Bente Jessen [0000-0002-5568-4759], Greenwood, Sarah [0000-0001-9104-7936], Greiser, Caroline [0000-0003-4023-4402], Grelle, Achim [0000-0003-3468-9419], Guénard, Benoit [0000-0002-7144-1175], Guillemot, Joannès [0000-0003-4385-7656], Haase, Peter [0000-0002-9340-0438], Haider, Sylvia [0000-0002-2966-0534], Halbritter, Aud H [0000-0003-2597-6328], Hamid, Maroof [0000-0003-3406-5008], Hammerle, Albin [0000-0003-1963-5906], Hampe, Arndt [0000-0003-2551-9784], Haugum, Siri V [0000-0003-4958-7132], Hederová, Lucia [0000-0003-1283-0952], Heinesch, Bernard [0000-0001-7594-6341], Helfter, Carole [0000-0001-5773-4652], Hepenstrick, Daniel [0000-0003-1090-6888], Herberich, Maximiliane [0000-0003-0716-1520], Hermanutz, Luise [0000-0003-0706-7067], Hik, David S [0000-0002-8994-9305], Hoffrén, Raúl [0000-0002-9123-304X], Homeier, Jürgen [0000-0001-5676-3267], Hörtnagl, Lukas [0000-0002-5569-0761], Høye, Toke T [0000-0001-5387-3284], Hrbacek, Filip [0000-0001-5032-9216], Hylander, Kristoffer [0000-0002-1215-2648], Iwata, Hiroki [0000-0002-8962-8982], Jackowicz-Korczynski, Marcin Antoni [0000-0002-6574-5703], Jactel, Hervé [0000-0002-8106-5310], Järveoja, Järvi [0000-0001-6317-660X], Jastrzębowski, Szymon [0000-0003-1239-4847], Jentsch, Anke [0000-0002-2345-8300], Jiménez, Juan J [0000-0003-2398-0796], Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S [0000-0003-3804-7077], Jucker, Tommaso [0000-0002-0751-6312], Jump, Alistair S [0000-0002-2167-6451], Juszczak, Radoslaw [0000-0002-5212-7383], Kanka, Róbert [0000-0002-7071-7280], Kašpar, Vít [0000-0002-0879-0137], Kelly, Julia [0000-0002-7370-1401], Khuroo, Anzar A [0000-0002-0251-2793], Klemedtsson, Leif [0000-0002-1122-0717], Klisz, Marcin [0000-0001-9486-6988], Kljun, Natascha [0000-0001-9650-2184], Knohl, Alexander [0000-0002-7615-8870], Kobler, Johannes [0000-0003-0052-4245], Kollár, Jozef [0000-0002-0069-4220], Kotowska, Martyna M [0000-0002-2283-5979], Kovács, Bence [0000-0002-8045-8489], Kreyling, Juergen [0000-0001-8489-7289], Lamprecht, Andrea [0000-0002-8719-026X], Lang, Simone I [0000-0002-6812-2528], Larson, Christian [0000-0002-7567-4953], Larson, Keith [0000-0001-7089-524X], Laska, Kamil [0000-0002-5199-9737], le Maire, Guerric [0000-0002-5227-958X], Leihy, Rachel I [0000-0001-9672-625X], Lens, Luc [0000-0002-0241-2215], Liljebladh, Bengt [0000-0002-2998-5865], Lohila, Annalea [0000-0003-3541-672X], Lorite, Juan [0000-0003-4617-8069], Loubet, Benjamin [0000-0001-8825-8775], Lynn, Joshua [0000-0002-7190-7991], Macek, Martin [0000-0002-5609-5921], Mackenzie, Roy [0000-0001-6620-1532], Magliulo, Enzo [0000-0001-5505-6552], Maier, Regine [0000-0003-3158-4136], Malfasi, Francesco [0000-0002-2660-8327], Máliš, František [0000-0003-2760-6988], Man, Matěj [0000-0002-4557-8768], Manca, Giovanni [0000-0002-9376-0310], Manco, Antonio [0000-0002-3677-4134], Manolaki, Paraskevi [0000-0003-3958-0199], Matula, Radim [0000-0002-7460-0100], Medinets, Sergiy [0000-0001-5980-1054], Medinets, Volodymyr [0000-0001-7543-7504], Meeussen, Camille [0000-0002-5869-4936], Merinero, Sonia [0000-0002-1405-6254], Mesquita, Rita de Cássia Guimarães [0000-0003-1746-3215], Meusburger, Katrin [0000-0003-4623-6249], Meysman, Filip JR [0000-0001-5334-7655], Michaletz, Sean T [0000-0003-2158-6525], Milbau, Ann [0000-0003-3555-8883], Moiseev, Pavel [0000-0003-4808-295X], Mondoni, Andrea [0000-0002-4605-6304], Montagnani, Leonardo [0000-0003-2957-9071], Moriana-Armendariz, Mikel [0000-0001-8251-1338], Morra di Cella, Umberto [0000-0003-4250-9705], Mörsdorf, Martin [0000-0002-3903-2021], Mosedale, Jonathan R [0000-0001-9008-5439], Muffler, Lena [0000-0001-8227-7297], Muñoz-Rojas, Miriam [0000-0002-9746-5191], Myers, Jonathan A [0000-0002-2058-8468], Myers-Smith, Isla H [0000-0002-8417-6112], Nardino, Marianna [0000-0001-9466-8340], Naujokaitis-Lewis, Ilona [0000-0001-9504-4484], Nicklas, Lena [0000-0002-9337-4153], Niedrist, Georg [0000-0002-7511-6273], Nilsson, Mats B [0000-0003-3765-6399], Normand, Signe [0000-0002-8782-4154], Nosetto, Marcelo D [0000-0002-9428-490X], Nouvellon, Yann [0000-0003-1920-3847], Nuñez, Martin A [0000-0003-0324-5479], Ogaya, Romà [0000-0003-4927-8479], Ogée, Jérôme [0000-0002-3365-8584], Okello, Joseph [0000-0003-4462-3923], Olejnik, Janusz [0000-0001-5305-1045], Olesen, Jørgen Eivind [0000-0002-6639-1273], Opedal, Øystein H [0000-0002-7841-6933], Orsenigo, Simone [0000-0003-0348-9115], Palaj, Andrej [0000-0001-7054-4183], Pampuch, Timo [0000-0002-6290-9661], Pärtel, Meelis [0000-0002-5874-0138], Pastor, Ada [0000-0002-7114-770X], Pauchard, Aníbal [0000-0003-1284-3163], Pauli, Harald [0000-0002-9842-9934], Pavelka, Marian [0000-0002-7339-3410], Pearse, William D [0000-0002-6241-3164], Peichl, Matthias [0000-0002-9940-5846], Penczykowski, Rachel M [0000-0003-4559-0609], Penuelas, Josep [0000-0002-7215-0150], Petit Bon, Matteo [0000-0001-9829-8324], Petraglia, Alessandro [0000-0003-4632-2251], Phartyal, Shyam S [0000-0003-3266-6619], Phoenix, Gareth K [0000-0002-0911-8107], Pio, Casimiro [0000-0002-3531-8620], Pitacco, Andrea [0000-0002-7260-6242], Pitteloud, Camille [0000-0002-4731-0079], Plichta, Roman [0000-0003-2442-8522], Porro, Francesco [0000-0001-9855-2468], Portillo-Estrada, Miguel [0000-0002-0348-7446], Poulenard, Jérôme [0000-0003-0810-0308], Poyatos, Rafael [0000-0003-0521-2523], Prokushkin, Anatoly S [0000-0001-8721-2142], Puchalka, Radoslaw [0000-0002-4764-0705], Pușcaș, Mihai [0000-0002-2632-640X], Radujković, Dajana [0000-0003-4981-5879], Randall, Krystal [0000-0003-2507-1000], Ratier Backes, Amanda [0000-0002-7229-578X], Renault, David [0000-0003-3644-1759], Risch, Anita C [0000-0003-0531-8336], Rixen, Christian [0000-0002-2486-9988], Robinson, Sharon A [0000-0002-7130-9617], Robroek, Bjorn JM [0000-0002-6714-0652], Rocha, Adrian V [0000-0002-4618-2407], Rossi, Graziano [0000-0002-5102-5019], Roupsard, Olivier [0000-0002-1319-142X], Rubtsov, Alexey V [0000-0002-9663-4344], Saccone, Patrick [0000-0001-8820-593X], Sallo Bravo, Jhonatan [0000-0001-9007-4959], Santos, Cinthya C [0000-0001-7042-5993], Sarneel, Judith M [0000-0001-6187-499X], Scharnweber, Tobias [0000-0002-4933-5296], Schmidt, Marius [0000-0001-5292-7092], Scholten, Thomas [0000-0002-4875-2602], Schuchardt, Max [0000-0003-3103-8063], Scott, Tony [0000-0002-6631-0672], Seeber, Julia [0000-0003-0189-7377], Seipel, Tim [0000-0001-6472-2975], Semenchuk, Philipp [0000-0002-1949-6427], Senior, Rebecca A [0000-0002-8208-736X], Serra-Diaz, Josep M [0000-0003-1988-1154], Sewerniak, Piotr [0000-0002-3071-3963], Shekhar, Ankit [0000-0003-0802-2821], Siegwart Collier, Laura [0000-0003-0985-9615], Simpson, Elizabeth [0000-0002-6107-0286], Siqueira, David P [0000-0002-0756-0153], Sitková, Zuzana [0000-0001-6354-6105], Six, Johan [0000-0001-9336-4185], Smiljanic, Marko [0000-0002-2324-0723], Smith, Stuart W [0000-0001-9396-6610], Somers, Ben [0000-0002-7875-107X], Souza, José João LL [0000-0003-4670-6626], Souza, Bartolomeu Israel [0000-0003-2173-8314], Souza Dias, Arildo [0000-0002-5495-3435], Spasojevic, Marko J [0000-0003-1808-0048], Speed, James DM [0000-0002-0633-5595], Spicher, Fabien [0000-0002-9999-955X], Stanisci, Angela [0000-0002-5302-0932], Steinbauer, Klaus [0000-0002-3730-9920], Steinbrecher, Rainer [0000-0002-5931-4210], Steinwandter, Michael [0000-0001-8545-6047], Stemkovski, Michael [0000-0002-9854-887X], Stephan, Jörg G [0000-0001-6195-7867], Stiegler, Christian [0000-0002-0130-2401], Stoll, Stefan [0000-0002-3656-417X], Svátek, Martin [0000-0003-2328-4627], Svoboda, Miroslav [0000-0003-4050-3422], Tagesson, Torbern [0000-0003-3011-1775], Tanentzap, Andrew J [0000-0002-2883-1901], Tanneberger, Franziska [0000-0002-4184-9671], Theurillat, Jean-Paul [0000-0002-1843-5809], Thomas, Haydn JD [0000-0001-9099-6304], Thomas, Andrew D [0000-0002-1360-1687], Tomaselli, Marcello [0000-0003-4208-3433], Treier, Urs Albert [0000-0003-4027-739X], Trouillier, Mario [0000-0001-9151-7686], Turtureanu, Pavel Dan [0000-0002-7422-3106], Tyystjärvi, Vilna A [0000-0002-1175-5463], Ueyama, Masahito [0000-0002-4000-4888], Ujházy, Karol [0000-0002-0228-1737], Ujházyová, Mariana [0000-0002-5546-1547], Uogintas, Domas [0000-0002-3937-1218], Urban, Josef [0000-0003-1730-947X], Urbaniak, Marek [0000-0002-1225-9170], Ursu, Tudor-Mihai [0000-0002-4898-6345], Vaccari, Francesco Primo [0000-0002-5253-2135], Van de Vondel, Stijn [0000-0002-0223-7330], van den Brink, Liesbeth [0000-0003-0313-8147], Van Geel, Maarten [0000-0001-8688-6225], Vandvik, Vigdis [0000-0003-4651-4798], Vangansbeke, Pieter [0000-0002-6356-2858], Varlagin, Andrej [0000-0002-2549-5236], Veen, GF [0000-0001-7736-9998], Veenendaal, Elmar [0000-0001-8230-2501], Venn, Susanna E [0000-0002-7433-0120], Verbeeck, Hans [0000-0003-1490-0168], Verbrugggen, Erik [0000-0001-7015-1515], Verheijen, Frank GA [0000-0001-6741-4249], Vitale, Luca [0000-0002-7637-264X], Vittoz, Pascal [0000-0003-4218-4517], Vives-Ingla, Maria [0000-0003-4887-8392], von Oppen, Jonathan [0000-0001-6346-2964], Walz, Josefine [0000-0002-0715-8738], Wang, Runxi [0000-0003-4902-169X], Wang, Yifeng [0000-0003-2660-7874], Way, Robert G [0000-0003-4763-7685], Wedegärtner, Ronja EM [0000-0003-4633-755X], Weigel, Robert [0000-0001-9685-6783], Wild, Jan [0000-0003-3007-4070], Wilkinson, Matthew [0000-0002-3858-553X], Wilmking, Martin [0000-0003-4964-2402], Wingate, Lisa [0000-0003-1921-1556], Winkler, Manuela [0000-0002-8655-9555], Wipf, Sonja [0000-0002-3492-1399], Wohlfahrt, Georg [0000-0003-3080-6702], Xenakis, Georgios [0000-0002-2950-4101], Yang, Yan [0000-0003-0858-7603], Yu, Zicheng [0000-0003-2358-2712], Yu, Kailiang [0000-0003-4223-5169], Zellweger, Florian [0000-0003-1265-9147], Zhang, Jian [0000-0003-0589-6267], Zhao, Peng [0000-0003-3289-5067], Ziemblińska, Klaudia [0000-0003-4070-6553], Zimmermann, Reiner [0000-0002-8724-941X], Zong, Shengwei [0000-0002-3583-6110], Zyryanov, Viacheslav I [0000-0002-1748-4801], Nijs, Ivan [0000-0003-3111-680X], Lenoir, Jonathan [0000-0003-0638-9582], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Department of Biology (University of Antwerp), and University of Antwerp (UA)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Zoology and botany: 480 [VDP], Q1, 01 natural sciences, Global map, SDG 13 - Climate Action, Soil temperature, Zone climatique, bepress|Physical Sciences and Mathematics|Environmental Sciences, bioclimatic variables, global maps, microclimate, near-surface temperatures, soil temperature, soil-dwelling organisms, temperature offset, weather stations, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, General Environmental Science, Global and Planetary Change, GB, Geology, PE&RC, 6. Clean water, Near-surface soil temperature, international, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 551: Geologie und Hydrologie, Plantenecologie en Natuurbeheer, Température du sol, Near-surface temperature, Near-surface temperatures, Biologie, P40 - Météorologie et climatologie, bepress|Physical Sciences and Mathematics|Earth Sciences, MITIGATION, bepress|Life Sciences|Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, bepress|Physical Sciences and Mathematics|Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology|Climate, Bioclimatic variables, Settore BIO/07 - ECOLOGIA, 577: Ökologie, Biology, Ecosystem, Ekologi, Changement climatique, Cartographie, Biology and Life Sciences, Microclimate, 15. Life on land, bepress|Physical Sciences and Mathematics|Environmental Sciences|Environmental Monitoring, Agriculture and Soil Science, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Temperature offset, Weather stations, Plan_S-Compliant-OA, Soil, bepress|Life Sciences, ddc:550, Geología, Ecology, Temperature, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Biological Sciences, FOREST, Weather station, Variation saisonnière, Chemistry, Bioclimatologie, bepress|Physical Sciences and Mathematics, 1171 Geosciences, Technology and Engineering, Climate Change, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, MOISTURE, LITTER DECOMPOSITION, PERMAFROST, ddc:570, SUITABILITY, G1, bepress|Physical Sciences and Mathematics|Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Global maps, VDP::Mathematics and natural scienses: 400::Zoology and botany: 480, Environmental Chemistry, Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480 [VDP], Soil-dwelling organisms, Aquatic Ecology, P30 - Sciences et aménagement du sol, Bioclimatic variable, SNOW-COVER, bepress|Physical Sciences and Mathematics|Earth Sciences|Soil Science, Earth sciences, PLANT-RESPONSES, CLIMATIC CONTROLS, Soil-dwelling organism, 13. Climate action, Earth and Environmental Sciences, VDP::Matematikk og naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Réchauffement global, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Environmental Sciences, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

JJL received funding from the Research Foundation Flanders (grant nr. 12P1819N). The project received funding from the Research Foundation Flanders (grants nrs, G018919N, W001919N). JVDH and TWC received funding from DOB Ecology. JA received funding from the University of Helsinki, Faculty of Science (MICROCLIM, grant nr. 7510145) and Academy of Finland Flagship (grant no. 337552). PDF, CM and PV received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (ERC Starting Grant FORMICA 757833). JK received funding from the Arctic Interactions at the University of Oulu and Academy of Finland (318930, Profi 4), Maaja vesitekniikan tuki ry., Tiina and Antti Herlin Foundation, Nordenskiold Samfundet and Societas pro Fauna et Flora Fennica. MK received funding from the Czech Science Foundation (grant nr. 20-28119S) and the Czech Academy of Sciences (grant nr. RVO 67985939). TWC received funding from National Geographic Society grant no. 9480-14 and WW-240R-17. MA received funding from CISSC (program ICRP (grant nr:2397) and INSF (grant nr: 96005914). The Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh is supported by the Scottish Government's Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services Division. JMA received funding from the Funding Org. Qatar Petroleum (grant nr. QUEX-CAS-QP-RD-18/19). JMA received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant no. 678841) and from the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant no. 31003A_176044). JA was supported by research grants LTAUSA19137 (program INTER-EXCELLENCE, subprogram INTER-ACTION) provided by Czech Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports and 20-05840Y of the Czech Science Foundation. AA was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (grant FSRZ-2020-0014). SN, UAT, JJA, and JvO received funding from the Independent Research Fund Denmark (7027-00133B). LvdB, KT, MYB and RC acknowledge funding from the German Research Foundation within the Priority Program SPP-1803 'EarthShape: Earth Surface Shaping by Biota' (grant TI 338/14-1&2 and BA 3843/6-1). PB was supported by grant project VEGA of the Ministry of Education of the Slovak Republic and the Slovak Academy of Sciences No. 2/0132/18. Forest Research received funding from the Forestry Commission (climate change research programme). JCB acknowledges the support of Universidad Javeriana. JLBA received funding from the Direccion General de Cambio Climatico del Gobierno de Aragon; JLBA acknowledges fieldwork assistance by Ana Acin, the Ordesa y Monte Perdido National Park, and the Servicio de Medio Ambiente de Soria de la Junta de Castilla y Leon. RGB and MPB received funding from BECC - Biodiversity and Ecosystem services in a Changing Climate. MPB received funding from The European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 657627 and The Swedish Research Council FORMAS - future research leaders No. 2016-01187. JB received funding from the Czech Academy of Sciences (grant nr. RVO 67985939). NB received funding from the SNF (grant numbers 40FA40_154245, 20FI21_148992, 20FI20_173691, 407340_172433) and from the EU (contract no. 774124). ICOS EU research infrastructure. EU FP7 NitroEurope. EU FP7 ECLAIRE. The authors from Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, PDBFF, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Brazil were supported by the MCTI/CNPq/FNDCT - AcAo Transversal no68/2013 - Programa de Grande Escala da Biosfera-Atmosfera na Amazonia - LBA; Project 'Como as florestas da Amazonia Central respondem as variacoes climaticas? Efeitos sobre dinamica florestal e sinergia com a fragmentacAo florestal'. This is the study 829 of the BDFFP Technical Series. to The EUCFLUX Cooperative Research Program and Forest Science and Research Institute-IPEF. NC acknowledges funding by Stelvio National Park. JC was funded by the Spanish government grant CGL2016-78093-R. ANID-FONDECYT 1181745 AND INSTITUTO ANTARTICO CHILENO (INACH FR-0418). SC received funding from the German Research Foundation (grant no. DFG- FZT 118, 202548816). The National Science Foundation, Poland (grant no. UMO-2017/27/B/ST10/02228), within the framework of the 'Carbon dioxide uptake potential of sphagnum peatlands in the context of atmospheric optical parameters and climate changes' (KUSCO2) project. SLC received funding from the South African National Research Foundation and the Australian Research Council. FM, M, KU and MU received funding from Slovak Research and Development Agency (no. APVV-19-0319). Instituto Antartico Chileno (INACH_RT-48_16), Iniciativa Cientifica Milenio Nucleo Milenio de Salmonidos Invasores INVASAL, Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB), CONICYT PIA APOYO CCTE AFB170008. PC is supported by NERC core funding to the BAS 'Biodiversity, Evolution and Adaptation Team. EJC received funding from the Norwegian Research Council (grant number 230970). GND was supported by NERC E3 doctoral training partnership grant (NE/L002558/1) at the University of Edinburgh and the Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland. Monitoring stations on Livingston Island, Antarctica, were funded by different research projects of the Gobern of Spain (PERMAPLANET CTM2009-10165-E; ANTARPERMA CTM2011-15565-E; PERMASNOW CTM2014-52021-R), and the PERMATHERMAL arrangement between the University of Alcala and the Spanish Polar Committee. GN received funding from the Autonomous Province of Bolzano (ITA). The infrastructure, part of the UK Environmental Change Network, was funded historically in part by ScotNature and NERC National Capability LTS-S: UK-SCAPE; NE/R016429/1). JD was supported by the Czech Science Foundation (GA17-19376S) and MSMT (LTAUSA18007). ED received funding from the Kempe Foundation (JCK-1112 and JCK-1822). The infrastructure was supported by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic within the National Sustainability Programme I (NPU I), grant number LO1415 and by the project for national infrastructure support CzeCOS/ICOS Reg. No. LM2015061. NE received funding from the German Research Foundation (DFG- FZT 118, 202548816). BE received funding from the GLORIA-EU project no EVK2-CT2000-00056, the Autonomous Province of Bolzano (ITA), from the Tiroler Wissenschaftsfonds and from the University of Innsbruck. RME was supported by funding to the SAFE Project from the Sime Darby Foundation. OF received funding from the German Research Foundation (DFG- FZT 118, 202548816). EFP was supported by the Jardin Botanico Atlantico (SV-20-GIJON-JBA). MF was funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) in the context of The Future Okavango (Grant No. 01LL0912) and SASSCAL (01LG1201M; 01LG1201N) projects. EFL received funding from ANID PIA / BASAL FB210006. RAG received funding from Fondecyt 11170516, CONICYT PIA AFB170008 and ANID PIA / BASAL FB210006. MBG received funding from National Parks (DYNBIO, #1656/2015) and The Spanish Research Agency (VULBIMON, #CGL2017-90040-R). MG received funding from the Swiss National Science Foundation (ICOS-CH Phase 2 20FI20_173691). FG received funding from the German Research Foundation (DFG- FZT 118, 202548816). KG and TS received funding from the UK Biotechnology and Biological Research Council (grant = 206/D16053). SG was supported by the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO) (project G0H1517N). KJ and PH received funding from the EU Horizon2020 INFRAIA project eLTER-PLUS (871128), the project LTER-CWN (FFG, F&E Infrastrukturforderung, project number 858024) and the Austrian Climate Research Program (ACRP7 - CentForCSink - KR14AC7K11960). SH and ARB received funding through iDiv funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG- FZT 118, 202548816). LH received funding from the Czech Science Foundation (grant nr. 20-28119S) and the Czech Academy of Sciences (grant nr. RVO 67985939). MH received funding from the Baden-Wurttemberg Ministry of Science, Research and Arts via the project DRIeR (Drought impacts, processes and resilience: making the in-visible visible). LH received funding from International Polar Year, Weston Foundation, and ArcticNet. DH received funding from Natural Sciences and Engineering Council (Canada) (RGPIN-06691). TTH received funding from Independent Research Fund Denmark (grant no. 8021-00423B) and Villum Foundation (grant no. 17523). Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic (projects LM2015078, VAN2020/01 and CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_013/0001708). KH, CG and CJD received funding from Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University and from the Swedish research council Formas [grant n:o 2014-00530 to KH]. JJ received funding from the Funding Org. Swedish Forest Society Foundation (grant nr. 2018-485-Steg 2 2017) and Swedish Research Council FORMAS (grant nr. 2018-00792). AJ received funding from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research BMBF (Grant Nr. FKZ 031B0516C SUSALPS) and the Oberfrankenstiftung (Grant Nr. OFS FP00237). ISJ received funding from the Energy Research Fund (NYR-11 - 2019, NYR-18 - 2020). TJ was supported by a UK NERC Independent Research Fellowship (grant number: NE/S01537X/1). RJ received funding from National Science Centre of Poland (grant number: 2016/21/B/ST10/02271) and Polish National Centre for Research and Development (grant number: Pol-Nor/203258/31/2013). VK received funding from the Czech Academy of Sciences (grant nr. RVO 67985939). AAK received funding from MoEFCC, Govt of India (AICOPTAX project F. No. 22018/12/2015/RE/Tax). NK received funding from FORMAS (grants nr. 2018-01781, 2018-02700, 2019-00836), VR, support from the research infrastructure ICOS-SE. BK received funding from the National Research, Development and Innovation Fund of Hungary (grant nr. K128441). Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic (projects LM2015078 and CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_013/0001708). Project B1-RNM-163-UGR-18-Programa Operativo FEDER 2018, partially funded data collection. Norwegian Research Council (NORKLIMA grants #184912 and #244525) awarded to Vigdis Vandvik. MM received funding from the Czech Science Foundation (grant nr. 20-28119S) and the Czech Academy of Sciences (grant nr. RVO 67985939). Project CONICYT-PAI 79170119 and ANID-MPG 190029 awarded to Roy Mackenzie. This work was partly funded by project MIUR PON Cluster OT4CLIMA. RM received funding from the SNF project number 407340_172433. FM received funding from the Stelvio National Park. PM received funding from AIAS-COFUND fellowship programme supported by the Marie Skodowska- Curie actions under the European Union's Seventh Framework Pro-gramme for Research, Technological development and Demonstration (grant agreement no 609033) and the Aarhus University Research Foundation, Denmark. RM received funding from the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic (project LTT17033). SM and VM received funding from EU FP6 NitroEurope (grant nr. 17841), EU FP7 ECLAIRE (grant nr. 282910), the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine (projects nr. 505, 550, 574, 602), GEF-UNEP funded "Toward INMS" project (grant nr. NEC05348) and ENI CBC BSB PONTOS (grant nr. BSB 889). The authors from Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, PDBFF, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Brazil were supported by the MCTI/CNPq/FNDCT - AcAo Transversal no68/2013 - Programa de Grande Escala da Biosfera-Atmosfera na Amazonia - LBA; Project 'Como as florestas da Amazonia Central respondem as variacoes climaticas? Efeitos sobre dinamica florestal e sinergia com a fragmentacAo florestal'. FJRM was financially supported by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (VICI grant 016.VICI.170.072) and Research Foundation Flanders (FWO-SBO grant S000619N). STM received funding from New Frontiers in Research Fund-Exploration (grant nr. NFRF-2018-02043) and NSERC Discovery. MMR received funding from the Australian Research Council Discovery Early Career Research Award (grant nr. DE180100570). JAM received funding from the National Science Foundation (DEB 1557094), International Center for Advanced Renewable Energy and Sustainability (I-CARES) at Washington University in St. Louis, ForestGEO, and Tyson Research Center. IM-S was funded by the UK Natural Environment Research Council through the ShrubTundra Project (NE/M016323/1). MBN received funding from FORMAS, VR, Kempe Foundations support from the research infrastructures ICOS and SITES. MDN received funding from CONICET (grant nr. PIP 112-201501-00609). Spanish Ministry of Science grant PID2019-110521GB-I00 and Catalan government grant 2017-1005. French National Research Agency (ANR) in the frame of the Cluster of Excellence COTE (project HydroBeech, ANR-10-LABX-45). VLIR-OUS, under the Institutional University Coorperation programme (IUC) with Mountains of the Moon University. Project LAS III 77/2017/B entitled: \"Estimation of net carbon dioxide fluxes exchanged between the forest ecosystem on post-agricultural land and between the tornado-damaged forest area and the atmosphere using spectroscopic and numerical methods\", source of funding: General Directorate of State Forests, Warsaw, Poland. Max Planck Society (Germany), RFBR, Krasnoyarsk Territory and Krasnoyarsk Regional Fund of Science, project number 20-45-242908. Estonian Research Council (PRG609), and the European Regional Development Fund (Centre of Excellence EcolChange). Canada-Denmark Arctic Research Station Early Career Scientist Exchange Program, from Polar knowledge Canada (POLAR) and the Danish Agency for Science and Higher Education. AP received funding from Fondecyt 1180205, CONICYT PIA AFB170008 and ANID PIA / BASAL FB210006. MP received funding from the Funding Org. Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (grant nr. 2015.0047), and acknowledges funding from the Swedish Research Council (VR) with contributing research institutes to both the SITES and ICOS Sweden infrastructures. JP and RO were funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science grant PID2019-110521GB-I00, the fundacion Ramon Areces grant ELEMENTAL-CLIMATE, and the Catalan government grant 2017-1005. MPB received funding from the Svalbard Environmental Protection Fund (grant project number 15/128) and the Research Council of Norway (Arctic Field Grant, project number 269957). RP received funding from the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic (grant INTER-TRANSFER nr. LTT20017). LTSER Zone Atelier Alpes; Federation FREE-Alpes. RP received funding from a Humboldt Fellowship for Experienced Researchers. Prokushkin AS and Zyryanov VI contribution has been supported by the RFBR grant #18-05-60203-Arktika. RPu received founding from the Polish National Science Centre (grant project number 2017/27/B/NZ8/00316). ODYSSEE project (ANR-13-ISV7-0004, PN-II-ID-JRP-RO-FR-2012). KR was supported through an Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship. Fieldwork was supported by the Global Challenges program at the University of Wollongong, the ARC the Australian Antarctic Division and INACH. DR was funded by the project SUBANTECO IPEV 136 (French Polar Institute Paul-Emile Victor), Zone Atelier CNRS Antarctique et Terres Australes, SAD Region Bretagne (Project INFLICT), BiodivERsa 2019-2020 BioDivClim call 'ASICS' (ANR-20-EBI5-0004). SAR received funding from the Australian Research Council. NSF grant #1556772 to the University of Notre Dame. Pavia University (Italy). OR received funding from EU-LEAP-Agri (RAMSES II), EU-DESIRA (CASSECS), EU-H2020 (SustainSahel), AGROPOLIS and TOTAL Foundations (DSCATT), CGIAR (GLDC). AR was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (Grant 18-74-10048). Parc national des Ecrins. JS received funding from Vetenskapsradet grant nr (No: 2014-04270), ALTER-net multi-site grant, River LIFE project (LIFE08 NAT/S/000266), Flexpeil. Helmholtz Association long-term research program TERENO (Terrestrial Environmental Observatories). PS received funding from the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education (grant nr. N N305 304840). AS acknowledges funding by ETH Zurich project FEVER ETH-27 19-1. LSC received funding from NSERC Canada Graduate Scholarship (Doctoral) Program; LSC was also supported by ArcticNet-NCE (insert grant #). Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (141513/2017-9); FundacAo Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (E26/200.84/2019). ZS received funding from the SRDA (grants nos. APVV-16-0325 and APVV-20-0365) and from the ERDF (grant no. ITMS 313011S735, CE LignoSilva). JS, MB and CA received funding from core budget of ETH Zurich. State excellence Program M-V \"WETSCAPES\". AfricanBioServices project funded by the EU Horizon 2020 grant number 641918. The authors from KIT/IMK-IFU acknowledge the funding received within the German Terrestrial Environmental Observatories (TERENO) research program of the Helmholtz Association and from the Bavarian Ministry of the Environment and Public Health (UGV06080204000). Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation), project number 192626868, in the framework of the collaborative German-Indonesian research project CRC 990 (SFB): 'EFForTS, Ecological and Socioeconomic Functions of Tropical Lowland Rainforest Transformation Systems (Sumatra, Indonesia)'. MS received funding from the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic (grant nr. INTER-TRANSFER LTT19018). TT received funding from the Swedish National Space Board (SNSB Dnr 95/16) and the CASSECS project supported by the European Union. HJDT received funding from the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC doctoral training partnership grant NE/L002558/1). German Science Foundation (DFG) GraKo 2010 \"Response\". PDT received funding from the MEMOIRE project (PN-III-P1-1.1-PD2016-0925). Arctic Challenge for Sustainability II (ArCS II; JPMXD1420318865). JU received funding from Czech Science Foundation (grant nr. 21-11487S). TU received funding from the Romanian Ministry of Education and Research (CCCDI - UEFISCDI -project PN-III-P2-2.1-PED-2019-4924 and PN2019-2022/19270201-Ctr. 25N BIODIVERS 3-BIOSERV). AV acknowledge funding from RSF, project 21-14-00209. GFV received funding from the Dutch Research Council NWO (Veni grant, no. 863.14.013). Australian Research Council Discovery Early Career Research Award DE140101611. FGAV received funding from the Portuguese Science Foundation (FCT) under CEECIND/02509/2018, CESAM (UIDP/50017/2020+UIDB/50017/2020), FCT/MCTES through national funds, and the co-funding by the FEDER, within the PT2020 Partnership Agreement and Compete 2020. Ordesa y Monte Perdido National Park. MVI received funding from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through a doctoral grant (FPU17/05869). JW received funding from the Czech Science Foundation (grant nr. 20-28119S) and the Czech Academy of Sciences (grant nr. RVO 67985939). CR and SW received funding from the Swiss Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN) and the de Giacomi foundation. YY received funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant no. 41861134039 and 41941015). ZY received funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant nr. 41877458). FZ received funding from the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant nr. 172198 and 193645). PZ received funding from the Funding Org. Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (grant no. 2015.0047). JL received funding from (i) the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR), under the framework of the young investigators (JCJC) funding instrument (ANR JCJC Grant project NoANR-19-CE32-0005-01: IMPRINT) (ii) the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) (Defi INFINITI 2018: MORFO); and the Structure Federative de Recherche (SFR) Condorcet (FR CNRS 3417: CREUSE). Fieldwork in the Arctic got facilitated by funding from the EU INTERACT program. SN, UAT, JJA and JvO would like to thank the field team of the Vegetation Dynamics group for their efforts and hard work. We acknowledge Dominique Tristan for letting access to the field. For the logistic support the crew of INACH and Gabriel de Castilla Station team on Deception Island. We thank the Inuvialuit and Kluane First Nations for the opportunity to work on their land. MAdP acknowledges fieldwork assistance and logistics support to Unidad de Tecnologia Marina CSIC, and the crew of Juan Carlos I and Gabriel de Castilla Spanish Antarctic Stations, as well as to the different colleagues from UAH that helped on the instrument maintenance. ERF acknowledges fieldwork assistance by Martin Heggli. MBG acknowledges fieldwork and technical assistance by P Abadia, C Benede, P Bravo, J Gomez, M Grasa, R Jimenez, H Miranda, B Ponz, J Revilla and P Tejero and the Ordesa and Monte Perdido National Park staff. LH acknowledges field assistance by John Jacobs, Andrew Trant, Robert Way, Darroch Whitaker; we acknowledge the Inuit of Nunatsiavut, and the Co-management Board of Torngat Mountains National Park for their support of this project and acknowledge that the field research was conducted on their traditional lands. We thank our many bear guides, especially Boonie, Eli, Herman, John and Maria Merkuratsuk. AAK acknowledges field support of Akhtar Malik, Rameez Ahmad. Part of microclimatic records from Saxony was funded by the Saxon Switzerland National Park Administration. Tyson Research Center. JP acknowledges field support of Emmanuel Malet (Edytem) and Rangers of Reserves Naturelles de Haute-Savoie (ASTERS). Practical help: Roel H. Janssen, N. Huig, E. Bakker, Schools in the tepaseforsoket, Forskar fredag, Erik Herberg. The support by the Bavarian Forest National Park administration is highly appreciated. LvdB acknowledges CONAF and onsite support from the park rangers from PN Pan de Azucar, PN La Campana, PN Nahuelbuta and from communidad agricola Quebrada de Talca. JL and FS acknowledge Manuel Nicolas and all forest officers from the Office National des Forets (ONF) who are in charge of the RENECOFOR network and who provided help and local support for the installation and maintenance of temperature loggers in the field., Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1-km2 resolution for 0–5 and 5–15 cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e. offset) between in situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1-km2 p ixels ( summarized f rom 8 519 u nique t emperature sensors) across all the world's major terrestrial biomes, and coarse-grained air temperature estimates from ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10°C (mean = 3.0 ± 2.1°C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6 ± 2.3°C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (−0.7 ± 2.3°C). The observed substantial and biome-specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near-surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil-related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications., FWO G018919N W001919N 12P1819N, DOB Ecology, University of Helsinki, Faculty of Science (MICROCLIM) 7510145, European Research Council (ERC) FORMICA 757833, Arctic Interactions at the University of Oulu, Academy of Finland 318930 337552, Maaja vesitekniikan tuki ry., Tiina and Antti Herlin Foundation, Nordenskiold Samfundet, Societas pro Fauna et Flora Fennica, Grant Agency of the Czech Republic 20-28119S 20-05840Y GA17-19376S 21-11487S, Czech Academy of Sciences RVO 67985939, National Geographic Society 9480-14 WW-240R-17, CISSC (program ICRP) 2397, Iran National Science Foundation (INSF) 96005914, Scottish Government's Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services Division, Qatar Petroleum QUEX-CAS-QP-RD-18/19, European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program 678841, Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), European Commission 172198 193645 31003A_176044, Ministry of Education, Youth & Sports - Czech Republic LTAUSA19137, Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation FSRZ-2020-0014, Independent Research Fund Denmark 8021-00423B 7027-00133B, German Research Foundation (DFG) DFG- FZT 118 202548816 TI 338/14-1 TI 338/14-2 BA 3843/6-1, grant project VEGA of the Ministry of Education of the Slovak Republic Slovak Academy of Sciences 2/0132/18, Forestry Commission, Universidad Javeriana, Direccion General de Cambio Climatico del Gobierno de Aragon, European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skodowska-Curie Grant 657627 SNF 407340_172433 40FA40_154245 20FI21_148992 20FI20_173691, European Commission 17841 774124, MCTI/CNPq/FNDCT 68/2013, Project 'Como as florestas da Amazonia Central respondem as variacoes climaticas? Efeitos sobre dinamica florestal e sinergia com a fragmentacAo florestal', Spanish Government, European Commission CGL2016-78093-R, ANID-FONDECYT 1181745, National Science Foundation, Poland UMO-2017/27/B/ST10/02228, National Research Foundation - South Africa, Australian Research Council, Slovak Research and Development Agency APVV-19-0319, Instituto Antartico Chileno INACH_RT-48_16 INACH FR-0418, Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (CONICYT) PIA APOYO CCTE AFB170008 PIA AFB170008, UK Research & Innovation (UKRI), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Research Council of Norway, European Commission 230970, NERC E3 doctoral training partnership grant at the University of Edinburgh NE/L002558/1, Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland, Gobern of Spain PERMAPLANET CTM2009-10165-E ANTARPERMA CTM2011-15565-E PERMASNOW CTM2014-52021-R, University of Alcala, Spanish Polar Committee, Autonomous Province of Bolzano (ITA), ScotNature, NERC National Capability LTS-S: UK-SCAPE NE/R016429/1, Ministry of Education, Youth & Sports - Czech Republic LTAUSA18007, Kempe Foundation JCK-1112 JCK-1822, Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic within the National Sustainability Programme I (NPU I) LO1415, project for national infrastructure support CzeCOS/ICOS LM2015061 GLORIA-EU EVK2-CT2000-00056, Tiroler Wissenschaftsfonds, University of Innsbruck, Sime Darby Foundation, Jardin Botanico Atlantico SV-20-GIJON-JBA, Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF) 01LL0912 01LG1201M 01LG1201N, Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (CONICYT) CONICYT FONDECYT 11170516 1180205, ANID PIA / BASAL FB210006, National Parks (DYNBIO) 1656/2015, Spanish Research Agency (VULBIMON) CGL2017-90040-R, Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) 20FI20_173691, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) 206/D16053 FWO G0H1517N, EU Horizon2020 INFRAIA project eLTER-PLUS 871128, project LTER-CWN (FFG, F&E Infrastrukturforderung) 858024, Austrian Climate Research Program ACRP7 - CentForCSink - KR14AC7K11960, iDiv by the German Research Foundation DFG- FZT 118 202548816, Baden-Wurttemberg Ministry of Science, Research and Arts, Weston Foundation, ArcticNet, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) RGPIN-06691, Villum Foundation 17523, Ministry of Education, Youth & Sports - Czech Republic LM2015078 VAN2020/01 CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_013/0001708 LTT17033 LTT20017 INTER-TRANSFER LTT19018, Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Swedish Research Council Swedish Research Council Formas 2014-00530 2018-00792 2016-01187, Swedish Forest Society Foundation 2018-485-Steg 2 2017, Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF) FKZ 031B0516C SUSALPS, Oberfrankenstiftung OFS FP00237, Energy Research Fund NYR-11 - 2019 NYR-18 - 2020, UK NERC Independent Research Fellowship NE/S01537X/1, National Science Centre, Poland 2016/21/B/ST10/02271, Polish National Centre for Research and Development Pol-Nor/203258/31/2013, MoEFCC, Govt of India (AICOPTAX project) 22018/12/2015/RE/Tax, Swedish Research Council Formas 2018-01781 2018-02700 2019-00836, research infrastructure ICOS-SE, National Research, Development and Innovation Fund of Hungary K128441, Programa Operativo FEDER 2018 B1-RNM-163-UGR-18, Norwegian Research Council (NORKLIMA grants) 184912 244525, CONICYT-PAI 79170119, ANID-MPG 190029, project MIUR PON Cluster OT4CLIMA, Stelvio National Park, AIAS-COFUND fellowship programme - Marie Skodowska- Curie actions under the European Union's Seventh Framework Pro-gramme for Research, Technological development and Demonstration 609033, Aarhus University Research Foundation, Denmark, EU FP6 NitroEurope 17841, EU FP7 ECLAIRE 282910, Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine 505 550 574 602, GEF-UNEP NEC05348, ENI CBC BSB PONTOS BSB 889, Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) 016.VICI.170.072, New Frontiers in Research Fund-Exploration NFRF-2018-02043, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), Australian Research Council DE180100570, National Science Foundation (NSF) DEB 1557094, International Center for Advanced Renewable Energy and Sustainability (I-CARES) at Washington University in St. Louis, Smithsonian Institution Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Tyson Research Center, UK Natural Environment Research Council through the ShrubTundra Project NE/M016323/1, Swedish Research Council Formas Swedish Research Council, Kempe Foundations - research infrastructure ICOS Kempe Foundations - research infrastructure SITES, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET) PIP 112-201501-00609, Spanish Government PID2019-110521GB-I00, Catalan government 2017-1005, French National Research Agency (ANR) ANR-10-LABX-45, General Directorate of State Forests, Warsaw, Poland, Max Planck Society, Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR), Krasnoyarsk Territory Krasnoyarsk Regional Fund of Science 20-45-242908, Estonian Research Council PRG609, Knut & Alice Wallenberg Foundation 2015.0047, Swedish Research Council, fundacion Ramon Areces grant ELEMENTAL-CLIMATE, Svalbard Environmental Protection Fund 15/128, Research Council of Norway 269957, Humboldt Fellowship for Experienced Researchers, Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) 18-05-60203-Arktika, Polish National Science Centre 2017/27/B/NZ8/00316, ODYSSEE project (PN-II-ID-JRP-RO-FR-2012) ANR-13-ISV7-0004, Australian Government, Department of Industry, Innovation and Science, Global Challenges program at the University of Wollongong, ARC the Australian Antarctic Division, INACH, project SUBANTECO IPEV 136 (French Polar Institute Paul-Emile Victor), Zone Atelier CNRS Antarctique et Terres Australes, SAD Region Bretagne (Project INFLICT), BiodivERsa 2019-2020 BioDivClim call 'ASICS' ANR-20-EBI5-0004, National Science Foundation (NSF) 1556772, EU-LEAP-Agri (RAMSES II) EU-DESIRA (CASSECS) EU-H2020 (SustainSahel), AGROPOLIS, Total SA, CGIAR, Russian Science Foundation (RSF) 18-74-10048, Swedish Research Council 2014-04270, ALTER-net multi-site grant, River LIFE project LIFE08 NAT/S/000266, Flexpeil, Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Poland N N305 304840, ETH Zurich FEVER ETH-27 19-1, NSERC Canada Graduate Scholarship (Doctoral) Program, ArcticNet-NCE, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPQ) 141513/2017-9, Fundacao Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio De Janeiro (FAPERJ) E26/200.84/2019, SRDA APVV-16-0325 APVV-20-0365, ERDF (CE LignoSilva) ITMS 313011S735, ETH Zurich, EU Horizon 2020 641918, German Terrestrial Environmental Observatories (TERENO) research program of the Helmholtz Association, Bavarian Ministry of the Environment and Public Health UGV06080204000 German Research Foundation (DFG) 192626868, Swedish National Space Board (SNSB) 95/16, CASSECS project by the European Union, Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) NE/L002558/1, MEMOIRE project PN-III-P1-1.1-PD2016-0925, Arctic Challenge for Sustainability II (ArCS II) JPMXD1420318865, Consiliul National al Cercetarii Stiintifice (CNCS), Unitatea Executiva pentru Finantarea Invatamantului Superior, a Cercetarii, Dezvoltarii si Inovarii (UEFISCDI) PN-III-P2-2.1-PED-2019-4924 PN2019-2022/19270201, 25N BIODIVERS 3-BIOSERV, Russian Science Foundation (RSF) 21-14-00209., Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) 863.14.013, Australian Research Council DE140101611, Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology CEECIND/02509/2018 CESAM UIDP/50017/2020+UIDB/50017/2020, Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology European Commission, FEDER, within the PT2020 Partnership Agreement, Compete 2020, Spanish Government FPU17/05869, Swiss Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN), Giacomi foundation, National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) 41861134039 41941015 41877458, French National Research Agency (ANR) ANR-19-CE32-0005-01 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Structure Federative de Recherche (SFR) Condorcet (FR CNRS 3417: CREUSE), EU INTERACT program, Inuit of Nunatsiavut, Co-management Board of Torngat Mountains National Park, Saxon Switzerland National Park Administration, Bavarian Forest National Park administration, BECC - Biodiversity and Ecosystem services in a Changing Climate, Research Foundation Flanders (FWO-SBO) S000619N

Published
2021

43. Rapid thermophilization of understorey plant communities in a 9 year‐long temperate forest experiment

Author

Govaert, Sanne, Vangansbeke, Pieter, Blondeel, Haben, Steppe, Kathy, Verheyen, Kris, and De Frenne, Pieter

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Forest management, forest management, Biodiversity, drought, Plant Science, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, term experiment, Dominance (ecology), Ecosystem, functional traits, herbaceous layer, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, long&#8208, Ecology, Global warming, Biology and Life Sciences, Temperate forest, Plant community, Understory, 15. Life on land, nitrogen deposition, climate change, 13. Climate action, shade, Environmental science, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

The vast majority of plant biodiversity associated with temperate forests is harboured by the understorey layer. This layer also plays crucial roles in ecosystem functions such as tree regeneration, nutrient cycling and carbon dynamics. Research using space-for-time substitutions and resurveys of vegetation plots has shown that climate warming, changes in forest management and resource availability are key determinants of forest understorey biodiversity change and functioning. However, long-term experiments are needed to better unravel their complex interactive effects. Here we study the influence of nearly a decade of experimental warming, light addition using fluorescent tubes (as a proxy for management-driven changes in forest-floor light levels) and nitrogen input on understorey plant communities of temperate broadleaved forest. Plant communities shifted towards a higher dominance of warm-adapted species, a process referred to as thermophilization. We detected a marked community shift in all treatments including the control plots, reflecting ongoing ambient environmental changes. This reordering over time was greater than the shift induced by the treatments. Thermophilization was, however, greatest when temperature and/or light availability were enhanced. Communities were also taller in response to warming and increased light availability. Synthesis. We studied the influence of nearly a decade of experimental warming, light addition and nitrogen input on understorey plant communities. Plant communities shifted towards a higher dominance of warm-adapted species, a process called thermophilization. We detected a marked community shift in all treatments including the control plots, reflecting ongoing ambient environmental changes (especially warming of air temperature, changing precipitation patterns and increasing droughts) . This reordering over time was greater than the shift induced by the treatments. Thermophilization was, however, greatest when temperature and/or light availability were enhanced. Communities were also taller in response to warming and increased light availability.

Published
2021

44. Soil seed bank responses to edge effects in temperate European forests

Author

Gasperini, Cristina, primary, Bollmann, Kurt, additional, Brunet, Jörg, additional, Cousins, Sara A. O., additional, Decocq, Guillaume, additional, De Pauw, Karen, additional, Diekmann, Martin, additional, Govaert, Sanne, additional, Graae, Bente J., additional, Hedwall, Per‐Ola, additional, Iacopetti, Giovanni, additional, Lenoir, Jonathan, additional, Lindmo, Sigrid, additional, Meeussen, Camille, additional, Orczewska, Anna, additional, Ponette, Quentin, additional, Plue, Jan, additional, Sanczuk, Pieter, additional, Spicher, Fabien, additional, Vanneste, Thomas, additional, Vangansbeke, Pieter, additional, Zellweger, Florian, additional, Selvi, Federico, additional, and Frenne, Pieter De, additional

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

45. Maintaining Forest Cover to Enhance Temperature Buffering under Future Climate Change

Author

Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, European Research Council (ERC), Swiss National Science Foundation (SNFS), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven. Belgium, National Science Foundation (NSF). United States, Flagship Programme. Finland, Swedish Research Council, Research Foundation – Flanders (FWO), Agence Nationale de la Recherche. France, De Lombaerde, Emiel, Vangansbeke, Pieter, Lenoir, Jonathan, Van Meerbeek, Koenraad, Lembrechts, Jonas, Rodríguez Sánchez, Francisco, Luoto, Miska, Scheffers, Brett, Haesen, Stef, Aalto, Juha, De Frenne, Pieter, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, European Research Council (ERC), Swiss National Science Foundation (SNFS), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven. Belgium, National Science Foundation (NSF). United States, Flagship Programme. Finland, Swedish Research Council, Research Foundation – Flanders (FWO), Agence Nationale de la Recherche. France, De Lombaerde, Emiel, Vangansbeke, Pieter, Lenoir, Jonathan, Van Meerbeek, Koenraad, Lembrechts, Jonas, Rodríguez Sánchez, Francisco, Luoto, Miska, Scheffers, Brett, Haesen, Stef, Aalto, Juha, and De Frenne, Pieter

Abstract

Forest canopies buffer macroclimatic temperature fluctuations. However, we do not know if and how the capacity of canopies to buffer understorey temperature will change with accelerating climate change. Here we map the difference (offset) between temperatures inside and outside forests in the recent past and project these into the future in boreal, temperate and tropical forests. Using linear mixed-effect models, we combined a global database of 714 paired time series of temperatures (mean, minimum and maximum) measured inside forests vs. in nearby open habitats with maps of macroclimate, topography and forest cover to hindcast past (1970–2000) and to project future (2060–2080) temperature differences between free-air temperatures and sub-canopy microclimates. For all tested future climate scenarios, we project that the difference between maximum temperatures inside and outside forests across the globe will increase (i.e. result in stronger cooling in forests), on average during 2060–2080, by 0.27 ± 0.16 °C (RCP2.6) and 0.60 ± 0.14 °C (RCP8.5) due to macroclimate changes. This suggests that extremely hot temperatures under forest canopies will, on average, warm less than outside forests as macroclimate warms. This knowledge is of utmost importance as it suggests that forest microclimates will warm at a slower rate than non-forested areas, assuming that forest cover is maintained. Species adapted to colder growing conditions may thus find shelter and survive longer than anticipated at a given forest site. This highlights the potential role of forests as a whole as microrefugia for biodiversity under future climate change.

Published
2022

46. Global maps of soil temperature

Author

Lembrechts, Jonas J, van den Hoogen, Johan, Aalto, Juha, Ashcroft, Michael B, De Frenne, Pieter, Kemppinen, Julia, Kopecký, Martin, Luoto, Miska, Maclean, Ilya M D, Crowther, Thomas W, Bailey, Joseph J, Haesen, Stef, Klinges, David H, Niittynen, Pekka, Scheffers, Brett R, Van Meerbeek, Koenraad, Aartsma, Peter, Abdalaze, Otar, Abedi, Mehdi, Aerts, Rien, Ahmadian, Negar, Ahrends, Antje, Alatalo, Juha M, Alexander, Jake M, Allonsius, Camille Nina, Altman, Jan, Ammann, Christof, Andres, Christian, Andrews, Christopher, Ardö, Jonas, Arriga, Nicola, Arzac, Alberto, Aschero, Valeria, Assis, Rafael L, Assmann, Jakob Johann, Bader, Maaike Y, Bahalkeh, Khadijeh, Barančok, Peter, Barrio, Isabel C, Barros, Agustina, Barthel, Matti, Basham, Edmund W, Bauters, Marijn, Bazzichetto, Manuele, Marchesini, Luca Belelli, Bell, Michael C, Benavides, Juan C, Benito Alonso, José Luis, Berauer, Bernd J, Bjerke, Jarle W, Björk, Robert G, Björkman, Mats P, Björnsdóttir, Katrin, Blonder, Benjamin, Boeckx, Pascal, Boike, Julia, Bokhorst, Stef, Brum, Bárbara N S, Brůna, Josef, Buchmann, Nina, Buysse, Pauline, Camargo, José Luís, Campoe, Otávio C, Candan, Onur, Canessa, Rafaella, Cannone, Nicoletta, Carbognani, Michele, Carnicer, Jofre, Casanova-Katny, Angélica, Cesarz, Simone, Chojnicki, Bogdan, Choler, Philippe, Chown, Steven L, Cifuentes, Edgar F, Čiliak, Marek, Contador, Tamara, Convey, Peter, Cooper, Elisabeth J, Cremonese, Edoardo, Curasi, Salvatore R, Curtis, Robin, Cutini, Maurizio, Dahlberg, C Johan, Daskalova, Gergana N, de Pablo, Miguel Angel, Della Chiesa, Stefano, Dengler, Jürgen, Deronde, Bart, Descombes, Patrice, Di Cecco, Valter, Di Musciano, Michele, Dick, Jan, Dimarco, Romina D, Dolezal, Jiri, Dorrepaal, Ellen, Dušek, Jiří, Eisenhauer, Nico, Eklundh, Lars, Erickson, Todd E, Erschbamer, Brigitta, Eugster, Werner, Ewers, Robert M, Exton, Dan A, Fanin, Nicolas, Fazlioglu, Fatih, Feigenwinter, Iris, Fenu, Giuseppe, Ferlian, Olga, Fernández Calzado, M Rosa, Fernández-Pascual, Eduardo, Finckh, Manfred, Higgens, Rebecca Finger, Forte, T'ai G W, Freeman, Erika C, Frei, Esther R, Fuentes-Lillo, Eduardo, García, Rafael A, García, María B, Géron, Charly, Gharun, Mana, Ghosn, Dany, Gigauri, Khatuna, Gobin, Anne, Goded, Ignacio, Goeckede, Mathias, Gottschall, Felix, Goulding, Keith, Govaert, Sanne, Graae, Bente Jessen, Greenwood, Sarah, Greiser, Caroline, Grelle, Achim, Guénard, Benoit, Guglielmin, Mauro, Guillemot, Joannès, Haase, Peter, Haider, Sylvia, Halbritter, Aud H, Hamid, Maroof, Hammerle, Albin, Hampe, Arndt, Haugum, Siri V, Hederová, Lucia, Heinesch, Bernard, Helfter, Carole, Hepenstrick, Daniel, Herberich, Maximiliane, Herbst, Mathias, Hermanutz, Luise, Hik, David S, Hoffrén, Raúl, Homeier, Jürgen, Hörtnagl, Lukas, Høye, Toke T, Hrbacek, Filip, Hylander, Kristoffer, Iwata, Hiroki, Jackowicz-Korczynski, Marcin Antoni, Jactel, Hervé, Järveoja, Järvi, Jastrzębowski, Szymon, Jentsch, Anke, Jiménez, Juan J, Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S, Jucker, Tommaso, Jump, Alistair S, Juszczak, Radoslaw, Kanka, Róbert, Kašpar, Vít, Kazakis, George, Kelly, Julia, Khuroo, Anzar A, Klemedtsson, Leif, Klisz, Marcin, Kljun, Natascha, Knohl, Alexander, Kobler, Johannes, Kollár, Jozef, Kotowska, Martyna M, Kovács, Bence, Kreyling, Juergen, Lamprecht, Andrea, Lang, Simone I, Larson, Christian, Larson, Keith, Laska, Kamil, le Maire, Guerric, Leihy, Rachel I, Lens, Luc, Liljebladh, Bengt, Lohila, Annalea, Lorite, Juan, Loubet, Benjamin, Lynn, Joshua, Macek, Martin, Mackenzie, Roy, Magliulo, Enzo, Maier, Regine, Malfasi, Francesco, Máliš, František, Man, Matěj, Manca, Giovanni, Manco, Antonio, Manise, Tanguy, Manolaki, Paraskevi, Marciniak, Felipe, Matula, Radim, Mazzolari, Ana Clara, Medinets, Sergiy, Medinets, Volodymyr, Meeussen, Camille, Merinero, Sonia, Mesquita, Rita de Cássia Guimarães, Meusburger, Katrin, Meysman, Filip J R, Michaletz, Sean T, Milbau, Ann, Moiseev, Dmitry, Moiseev, Pavel, Mondoni, Andrea, Monfries, Ruth, Montagnani, Leonardo, Moriana-Armendariz, Mikel, Morra di Cella, Umberto, Mörsdorf, Martin, Mosedale, Jonathan R, Muffler, Lena, Muñoz-Rojas, Miriam, Myers, Jonathan A, Myers-Smith, Isla H, Nagy, Laszlo, Nardino, Marianna, Naujokaitis-Lewis, Ilona, Newling, Emily, Nicklas, Lena, Niedrist, Georg, Niessner, Armin, Nilsson, Mats B, Normand, Signe, Nosetto, Marcelo D, Nouvellon, Yann, Nuñez, Martin A, Ogaya, Romà, Ogée, Jérôme, Okello, Joseph, Olejnik, Janusz, Olesen, Jørgen Eivind, Opedal, Øystein H, Orsenigo, Simone, Palaj, Andrej, Pampuch, Timo, Panov, Alexey V, Pärtel, Meelis, Pastor, Ada, Pauchard, Aníbal, Pauli, Harald, Pavelka, Marian, Pearse, William D, Peichl, Matthias, Pellissier, Loïc, Penczykowski, Rachel M, Penuelas, Josep, Petit Bon, Matteo, Petraglia, Alessandro, Phartyal, Shyam S, Phoenix, Gareth K, Pio, Casimiro, Pitacco, Andrea, Pitteloud, Camille, Plichta, Roman, Porro, Francesco, Portillo-Estrada, Miguel, Poulenard, Jérôme, Poyatos, Rafael, Prokushkin, Anatoly S, Puchalka, Radoslaw, Pușcaș, Mihai, Radujković, Dajana, Randall, Krystal, Ratier Backes, Amanda, Remmele, Sabine, Remmers, Wolfram, Renault, David, Risch, Anita C, Rixen, Christian, Robinson, Sharon A, Robroek, Bjorn J M, Rocha, Adrian V, Rossi, Christian, Rossi, Graziano, Roupsard, Olivier, Rubtsov, Alexey V, Saccone, Patrick, Sagot, Clotilde, Sallo Bravo, Jhonatan, Santos, Cinthya C, Sarneel, Judith M, Scharnweber, Tobias, Schmeddes, Jonas, Schmidt, Marius, Scholten, Thomas, Schuchardt, Max, Schwartz, Naomi, Scott, Tony, Seeber, Julia, Segalin de Andrade, Ana Cristina, Seipel, Tim, Semenchuk, Philipp, Senior, Rebecca A, Serra-Diaz, Josep M, Sewerniak, Piotr, Shekhar, Ankit, Sidenko, Nikita V, Siebicke, Lukas, Siegwart Collier, Laura, Simpson, Elizabeth, Siqueira, David P, Sitková, Zuzana, Six, Johan, Smiljanic, Marko, Smith, Stuart W, Smith-Tripp, Sarah, Somers, Ben, Sørensen, Mia Vedel, Souza, José João L L, Souza, Bartolomeu Israel, Souza Dias, Arildo, Spasojevic, Marko J, Speed, James D M, Spicher, Fabien, Stanisci, Angela, Steinbauer, Klaus, Steinbrecher, Rainer, Steinwandter, Michael, Stemkovski, Michael, Stephan, Jörg G, Stiegler, Christian, Stoll, Stefan, Svátek, Martin, Svoboda, Miroslav, Tagesson, Torbern, Tanentzap, Andrew J, Tanneberger, Franziska, Theurillat, Jean-Paul, Thomas, Haydn J D, Thomas, Andrew D, Tielbörger, Katja, Tomaselli, Marcello, Treier, Urs Albert, Trouillier, Mario, Turtureanu, Pavel Dan, Tutton, Rosamond, Tyystjärvi, Vilna A, Ueyama, Masahito, Ujházy, Karol, Ujházyová, Mariana, Uogintas, Domas, Urban, Anastasiya V, Urban, Josef, Urbaniak, Marek, Ursu, Tudor-Mihai, Vaccari, Francesco Primo, Van de Vondel, Stijn, van den Brink, Liesbeth, Van Geel, Maarten, Vandvik, Vigdis, Vangansbeke, Pieter, Varlagin, Andrej, Veen, G F, Veenendaal, Elmar, Venn, Susanna E, Verbeeck, Hans, Verbrugggen, Erik, Verheijen, Frank G A, Villar, Luis, Vitale, Luca, Vittoz, Pascal, Vives-Ingla, Maria, von Oppen, Jonathan, Walz, Josefine, Wang, Runxi, Wang, Yifeng, Way, Robert G, Wedegärtner, Ronja E M, Weigel, Robert, Wild, Jan, Wilkinson, Matthew, Wilmking, Martin, Wingate, Lisa, Winkler, Manuela, Wipf, Sonja, Wohlfahrt, Georg, Xenakis, Georgios, Yang, Yan, Yu, Zicheng, Yu, Kailiang, Zellweger, Florian, Zhang, Jian, Zhang, Zhaochen, Zhao, Peng, Ziemblińska, Klaudia, Zimmermann, Reiner, Zong, Shengwei, Zyryanov, Viacheslav I, Nijs, Ivan, Lenoir, Jonathan, Lembrechts, Jonas J, van den Hoogen, Johan, Aalto, Juha, Ashcroft, Michael B, De Frenne, Pieter, Kemppinen, Julia, Kopecký, Martin, Luoto, Miska, Maclean, Ilya M D, Crowther, Thomas W, Bailey, Joseph J, Haesen, Stef, Klinges, David H, Niittynen, Pekka, Scheffers, Brett R, Van Meerbeek, Koenraad, Aartsma, Peter, Abdalaze, Otar, Abedi, Mehdi, Aerts, Rien, Ahmadian, Negar, Ahrends, Antje, Alatalo, Juha M, Alexander, Jake M, Allonsius, Camille Nina, Altman, Jan, Ammann, Christof, Andres, Christian, Andrews, Christopher, Ardö, Jonas, Arriga, Nicola, Arzac, Alberto, Aschero, Valeria, Assis, Rafael L, Assmann, Jakob Johann, Bader, Maaike Y, Bahalkeh, Khadijeh, Barančok, Peter, Barrio, Isabel C, Barros, Agustina, Barthel, Matti, Basham, Edmund W, Bauters, Marijn, Bazzichetto, Manuele, Marchesini, Luca Belelli, Bell, Michael C, Benavides, Juan C, Benito Alonso, José Luis, Berauer, Bernd J, Bjerke, Jarle W, Björk, Robert G, Björkman, Mats P, Björnsdóttir, Katrin, Blonder, Benjamin, Boeckx, Pascal, Boike, Julia, Bokhorst, Stef, Brum, Bárbara N S, Brůna, Josef, Buchmann, Nina, Buysse, Pauline, Camargo, José Luís, Campoe, Otávio C, Candan, Onur, Canessa, Rafaella, Cannone, Nicoletta, Carbognani, Michele, Carnicer, Jofre, Casanova-Katny, Angélica, Cesarz, Simone, Chojnicki, Bogdan, Choler, Philippe, Chown, Steven L, Cifuentes, Edgar F, Čiliak, Marek, Contador, Tamara, Convey, Peter, Cooper, Elisabeth J, Cremonese, Edoardo, Curasi, Salvatore R, Curtis, Robin, Cutini, Maurizio, Dahlberg, C Johan, Daskalova, Gergana N, de Pablo, Miguel Angel, Della Chiesa, Stefano, Dengler, Jürgen, Deronde, Bart, Descombes, Patrice, Di Cecco, Valter, Di Musciano, Michele, Dick, Jan, Dimarco, Romina D, Dolezal, Jiri, Dorrepaal, Ellen, Dušek, Jiří, Eisenhauer, Nico, Eklundh, Lars, Erickson, Todd E, Erschbamer, Brigitta, Eugster, Werner, Ewers, Robert M, Exton, Dan A, Fanin, Nicolas, Fazlioglu, Fatih, Feigenwinter, Iris, Fenu, Giuseppe, Ferlian, Olga, Fernández Calzado, M Rosa, Fernández-Pascual, Eduardo, Finckh, Manfred, Higgens, Rebecca Finger, Forte, T'ai G W, Freeman, Erika C, Frei, Esther R, Fuentes-Lillo, Eduardo, García, Rafael A, García, María B, Géron, Charly, Gharun, Mana, Ghosn, Dany, Gigauri, Khatuna, Gobin, Anne, Goded, Ignacio, Goeckede, Mathias, Gottschall, Felix, Goulding, Keith, Govaert, Sanne, Graae, Bente Jessen, Greenwood, Sarah, Greiser, Caroline, Grelle, Achim, Guénard, Benoit, Guglielmin, Mauro, Guillemot, Joannès, Haase, Peter, Haider, Sylvia, Halbritter, Aud H, Hamid, Maroof, Hammerle, Albin, Hampe, Arndt, Haugum, Siri V, Hederová, Lucia, Heinesch, Bernard, Helfter, Carole, Hepenstrick, Daniel, Herberich, Maximiliane, Herbst, Mathias, Hermanutz, Luise, Hik, David S, Hoffrén, Raúl, Homeier, Jürgen, Hörtnagl, Lukas, Høye, Toke T, Hrbacek, Filip, Hylander, Kristoffer, Iwata, Hiroki, Jackowicz-Korczynski, Marcin Antoni, Jactel, Hervé, Järveoja, Järvi, Jastrzębowski, Szymon, Jentsch, Anke, Jiménez, Juan J, Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S, Jucker, Tommaso, Jump, Alistair S, Juszczak, Radoslaw, Kanka, Róbert, Kašpar, Vít, Kazakis, George, Kelly, Julia, Khuroo, Anzar A, Klemedtsson, Leif, Klisz, Marcin, Kljun, Natascha, Knohl, Alexander, Kobler, Johannes, Kollár, Jozef, Kotowska, Martyna M, Kovács, Bence, Kreyling, Juergen, Lamprecht, Andrea, Lang, Simone I, Larson, Christian, Larson, Keith, Laska, Kamil, le Maire, Guerric, Leihy, Rachel I, Lens, Luc, Liljebladh, Bengt, Lohila, Annalea, Lorite, Juan, Loubet, Benjamin, Lynn, Joshua, Macek, Martin, Mackenzie, Roy, Magliulo, Enzo, Maier, Regine, Malfasi, Francesco, Máliš, František, Man, Matěj, Manca, Giovanni, Manco, Antonio, Manise, Tanguy, Manolaki, Paraskevi, Marciniak, Felipe, Matula, Radim, Mazzolari, Ana Clara, Medinets, Sergiy, Medinets, Volodymyr, Meeussen, Camille, Merinero, Sonia, Mesquita, Rita de Cássia Guimarães, Meusburger, Katrin, Meysman, Filip J R, Michaletz, Sean T, Milbau, Ann, Moiseev, Dmitry, Moiseev, Pavel, Mondoni, Andrea, Monfries, Ruth, Montagnani, Leonardo, Moriana-Armendariz, Mikel, Morra di Cella, Umberto, Mörsdorf, Martin, Mosedale, Jonathan R, Muffler, Lena, Muñoz-Rojas, Miriam, Myers, Jonathan A, Myers-Smith, Isla H, Nagy, Laszlo, Nardino, Marianna, Naujokaitis-Lewis, Ilona, Newling, Emily, Nicklas, Lena, Niedrist, Georg, Niessner, Armin, Nilsson, Mats B, Normand, Signe, Nosetto, Marcelo D, Nouvellon, Yann, Nuñez, Martin A, Ogaya, Romà, Ogée, Jérôme, Okello, Joseph, Olejnik, Janusz, Olesen, Jørgen Eivind, Opedal, Øystein H, Orsenigo, Simone, Palaj, Andrej, Pampuch, Timo, Panov, Alexey V, Pärtel, Meelis, Pastor, Ada, Pauchard, Aníbal, Pauli, Harald, Pavelka, Marian, Pearse, William D, Peichl, Matthias, Pellissier, Loïc, Penczykowski, Rachel M, Penuelas, Josep, Petit Bon, Matteo, Petraglia, Alessandro, Phartyal, Shyam S, Phoenix, Gareth K, Pio, Casimiro, Pitacco, Andrea, Pitteloud, Camille, Plichta, Roman, Porro, Francesco, Portillo-Estrada, Miguel, Poulenard, Jérôme, Poyatos, Rafael, Prokushkin, Anatoly S, Puchalka, Radoslaw, Pușcaș, Mihai, Radujković, Dajana, Randall, Krystal, Ratier Backes, Amanda, Remmele, Sabine, Remmers, Wolfram, Renault, David, Risch, Anita C, Rixen, Christian, Robinson, Sharon A, Robroek, Bjorn J M, Rocha, Adrian V, Rossi, Christian, Rossi, Graziano, Roupsard, Olivier, Rubtsov, Alexey V, Saccone, Patrick, Sagot, Clotilde, Sallo Bravo, Jhonatan, Santos, Cinthya C, Sarneel, Judith M, Scharnweber, Tobias, Schmeddes, Jonas, Schmidt, Marius, Scholten, Thomas, Schuchardt, Max, Schwartz, Naomi, Scott, Tony, Seeber, Julia, Segalin de Andrade, Ana Cristina, Seipel, Tim, Semenchuk, Philipp, Senior, Rebecca A, Serra-Diaz, Josep M, Sewerniak, Piotr, Shekhar, Ankit, Sidenko, Nikita V, Siebicke, Lukas, Siegwart Collier, Laura, Simpson, Elizabeth, Siqueira, David P, Sitková, Zuzana, Six, Johan, Smiljanic, Marko, Smith, Stuart W, Smith-Tripp, Sarah, Somers, Ben, Sørensen, Mia Vedel, Souza, José João L L, Souza, Bartolomeu Israel, Souza Dias, Arildo, Spasojevic, Marko J, Speed, James D M, Spicher, Fabien, Stanisci, Angela, Steinbauer, Klaus, Steinbrecher, Rainer, Steinwandter, Michael, Stemkovski, Michael, Stephan, Jörg G, Stiegler, Christian, Stoll, Stefan, Svátek, Martin, Svoboda, Miroslav, Tagesson, Torbern, Tanentzap, Andrew J, Tanneberger, Franziska, Theurillat, Jean-Paul, Thomas, Haydn J D, Thomas, Andrew D, Tielbörger, Katja, Tomaselli, Marcello, Treier, Urs Albert, Trouillier, Mario, Turtureanu, Pavel Dan, Tutton, Rosamond, Tyystjärvi, Vilna A, Ueyama, Masahito, Ujházy, Karol, Ujházyová, Mariana, Uogintas, Domas, Urban, Anastasiya V, Urban, Josef, Urbaniak, Marek, Ursu, Tudor-Mihai, Vaccari, Francesco Primo, Van de Vondel, Stijn, van den Brink, Liesbeth, Van Geel, Maarten, Vandvik, Vigdis, Vangansbeke, Pieter, Varlagin, Andrej, Veen, G F, Veenendaal, Elmar, Venn, Susanna E, Verbeeck, Hans, Verbrugggen, Erik, Verheijen, Frank G A, Villar, Luis, Vitale, Luca, Vittoz, Pascal, Vives-Ingla, Maria, von Oppen, Jonathan, Walz, Josefine, Wang, Runxi, Wang, Yifeng, Way, Robert G, Wedegärtner, Ronja E M, Weigel, Robert, Wild, Jan, Wilkinson, Matthew, Wilmking, Martin, Wingate, Lisa, Winkler, Manuela, Wipf, Sonja, Wohlfahrt, Georg, Xenakis, Georgios, Yang, Yan, Yu, Zicheng, Yu, Kailiang, Zellweger, Florian, Zhang, Jian, Zhang, Zhaochen, Zhao, Peng, Ziemblińska, Klaudia, Zimmermann, Reiner, Zong, Shengwei, Zyryanov, Viacheslav I, Nijs, Ivan, and Lenoir, Jonathan

Abstract

Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1-km2 resolution for 0-5 and 5-15 cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e. offset) between in situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1-km2 pixels (summarized from 8519 unique temperature sensors) across all the world's major terrestrial biomes, and coarse-grained air temperature estimates from ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10°C (mean = 3.0 ± 2.1°C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6 ± 2.3°C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (-0.7 ± 2.3°C). The observed substantial and biome-specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near-surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil-related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications.

Published
2022

47. Global maps of soil temperature

Author

Lembrechts, Jonas J., van den Hoogen, Johan, Aalto, Juha, Ashcroft, Michael B., De Frenne, Pieter, Kemppinen, Julia, Kopecký, Martin, Luoto, Miska, Maclean, Ilya M. D., Crowther, Thomas W., Bailey, Joseph J., Haesen, Stef, Klinges, David H., Niittynen, Pekka, Scheffers, Brett R., Van Meerbeek, Koenraad, Aartsma, Peter, Abdalaze, Otar, Abedi, Mehdi, Aerts, Rien, Ahmadian, Negar, Ahrends, Antje, Alatalo, Juha M., Alexander, Jake M., Nina Allonsius, Camille, Altman, Jan, Ammann, Christof, Andres, Christian, Andrews, Christopher, Ardö, Jonas, Arriga, Nicola, Arzac, Alberto, Aschero, Valeria, Assis, Rafael L., Johann Assmann, Jakob, Bader, Maaike Y., Bahalkeh, Khadijeh, Barančok, Peter, Barrio, Isabel C., Barros, Agustina, Barthel, Matti, Basham, Edmund W., Bauters, Marijn, Bazzichetto, Manuele, Belelli Marchesini, Luca, Bell, Michael C., Benavides, Juan C., Luis Benito Alonso, José, Berauer, Bernd J., Bjerke, Jarle W., Björk, Robert G., Björkman, Mats P., Björnsdóttir, Katrin, Blonder, Benjamin, Boeckx, Pascal, Boike, Julia, Bokhorst, Stef, Brum, Bárbara N.S., Brůna, Josef, Buchmann, Nina, Buysse, Pauline, Luís Camargo, José, Campoe, Otávio C., Candan, Onur, Canessa, Rafaella, Cannone, Nicoletta, Carbognani, Michele, Carnicer, Jofre, Casanova‐Katny, Angélica, Cesarz, Simone, Chojnicki, Bogdan, Choler, Philippe, Chown, Steven L., Cifuentes, Edgar F., Čiliak, Marek, Contador, Tamara, Convey, Peter, Cooper, Elisabeth J., Cremonese, Edoardo, Curasi, Salvatore R., Curtis, Robin, Cutini, Maurizio, Johan Dahlberg, C., Daskalova, Gergana N., Angel de Pablo, Miguel, Della Chiesa, Stefano, Dengler, Jürgen, Deronde, Bart, Descombes, Patrice, Di Cecco, Valter, Di Musciano, Michele, Dick, Jan, Dimarco, Romina D., Dolezal, Jiri, Dorrepaal, Ellen, Dušek, Jiří, Eisenhauer, Nico, Eklundh, Lars, Erickson, Todd E., Erschbamer, Brigitta, Eugster, Werner, Ewers, Robert M., Exton, Dan A., Fanin, Nicolas, Fazlioglu, Fatih, Feigenwinter, Iris, Fenu, Giuseppe, Ferlian, Olga, Rosa Fernández Calzado, M., Fernández‐Pascual, Eduardo, Finckh, Manfred, Finger Higgens, Rebecca, Forte, T'ai G.W., Freeman, Erika C., Frei, Esther R., Fuentes‐Lillo, Eduardo, García, Rafael A., García, María B., Géron, Charly, Gharun, Mana, Ghosn, Dany, Gigauri, Khatuna, Gobin, Anne, Goded, Ignacio, Goeckede, Mathias, Gottschall, Felix, Goulding, Keith, Govaert, Sanne, Jessen Graae, Bente, Greenwood, Sarah, Greiser, Caroline, Grelle, Achim, Guénard, Benoit, Guglielmin, Mauro, Guillemot, Joannès, Haase, Peter, Haider, Sylvia, Halbritter, Aud H., Hamid, Maroof, Hammerle, Albin, Hampe, Arndt, Haugum, Siri V., Hederová, Lucia, Heinesch, Bernard, Helfter, Carole, Hepenstrick, Daniel, Herberich, Maximiliane, Herbst, Mathias, Hermanutz, Luise, Hik, David S., Hoffrén, Raúl, Homeier, Jürgen, Hörtnagl, Lukas, Høye, Toke T., Hrbacek, Filip, Hylander, Kristoffer, Iwata, Hiroki, Antoni Jackowicz‐Korczynski, Marcin, Jactel, Hervé, Järveoja, Järvi, Jastrzębowski, Szymon, Jentsch, Anke, Jiménez, Juan J., Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S., Jucker, Tommaso, Jump, Alistair S., Juszczak, Radoslaw, Kanka, Róbert, Kašpar, Vít, Kazakis, George, Kelly, Julia, Khuroo, Anzar A., Klemedtsson, Leif, Klisz, Marcin, Kljun, Natascha, Knohl, Alexander, Kobler, Johannes, Kollár, Jozef, Kotowska, Martyna M., Kovács, Bence, Kreyling, Juergen, Lamprecht, Andrea, Lang, Simone I., Larson, Christian, Larson, Keith, Laska, Kamil, le Maire, Guerric, Leihy, Rachel I., Lens, Luc, Liljebladh, Bengt, Lohila, Annalea, Lorite, Juan, Loubet, Benjamin, Lynn, Joshua, Macek, Martin, Mackenzie, Roy, Magliulo, Enzo, Maier, Regine, Malfasi, Francesco, Máliš, František, Man, Matěj, Manca, Giovanni, Manco, Antonio, Manise, Tanguy, Manolaki, Paraskevi, Marciniak, Felipe, Matula, Radim, Clara Mazzolari, Ana, Medinets, Sergiy, Medinets, Volodymyr, Meeussen, Camille, Merinero, Sonia, de Cássia Guimarães Mesquita, Rita, Meusburger, Katrin, Meysman, Filip J.R., Michaletz, Sean T., Milbau, Ann, Moiseev, Dmitry, Moiseev, Pavel, Mondoni, Andrea, Monfries, Ruth, Montagnani, Leonardo, Moriana‐Armendariz, Mikel, Morra di Cella, Umberto, Mörsdorf, Martin, Mosedale, Jonathan R., Muffler, Lena, Muñoz‐Rojas, Miriam, Myers, Jonathan A., Myers‐Smith, Isla H., Nagy, Laszlo, Nardino, Marianna, Naujokaitis‐Lewis, Ilona, Newling, Emily, Nicklas, Lena, Niedrist, Georg, Niessner, Armin, Nilsson, Mats B., Normand, Signe, Nosetto, Marcelo D., Nouvellon, Yann, Nuñez, Martin A., Ogaya, Romà, Ogée, Jérôme, Okello, Joseph, Olejnik, Janusz, Eivind Olesen, Jørgen, Opedal, Øystein, Orsenigo, Simone, Palaj, Andrej, Pampuch, Timo, Panov, Alexey V., Pärtel, Meelis, Pastor, Ada, Pauchard, Aníbal, Pauli, Harald, Pavelka, Marian, Pearse, William D., Peichl, Matthias, Pellissier, Loïc, Penczykowski, Rachel M., Penuelas, Josep, Petit Bon, Matteo, Petraglia, Alessandro, Phartyal, Shyam S., Phoenix, Gareth K., Pio, Casimiro, Pitacco, Andrea, Pitteloud, Camille, Plichta, Roman, Porro, Francesco, Portillo‐Estrada, Miguel, Poulenard, Jérôme, Poyatos, Rafael, Prokushkin, Anatoly S., Puchalka, Radoslaw, Pușcaș, Mihai, Radujković, Dajana, Randall, Krystal, Ratier Backes, Amanda, Remmele, Sabine, Remmers, Wolfram, Renault, David, Risch, Anita C., Rixen, Christian, Robinson, Sharon A., Robroek, Bjorn J.M., Rocha, Adrian V., Rossi, Christian, Rossi, Graziano, Roupsard, Olivier, Rubtsov, Alexey V., Saccone, Patrick, Sagot, Clotilde, Sallo Bravo, Jhonatan, Santos, Cinthya C., Sarneel, Judith M., Scharnweber, Tobias, Schmeddes, Jonas, Schmidt, Marius, Scholten, Thomas, Schuchardt, Max, Schwartz, Naomi, Scott, Tony, Seeber, Julia, Cristina Segalin de Andrade, Ana, Seipel, Tim, Semenchuk, Philipp, Senior, Rebecca A., Serra‐Diaz, Josep M., Sewerniak, Piotr, Shekhar, Ankit, Sidenko, Nikita V., Siebicke, Lukas, Siegwart Collier, Laura, Simpson, Elizabeth, Siqueira, David P., Sitková, Zuzana, Six, Johan, Smiljanic, Marko, Smith, Stuart W., Smith‐Tripp, Sarah, Somers, Ben, Vedel Sørensen, Mia, João L. L. Souza, José, Israel Souza, Bartolomeu, Souza Dias, Arildo, Spasojevic, Marko J., Speed, James D.M., Spicher, Fabien, Stanisci, Angela, Steinbauer, Klaus, Steinbrecher, Rainer, Steinwandter, Michael, Stemkovski, Michael, Stephan, Jörg G., Stiegler, Christian, Stoll, Stefan, Svátek, Martin, Svoboda, Miroslav, Tagesson, Torbern, Tanentzap, Andrew J., Tanneberger, Franziska, Theurillat, Jean‐Paul, Thomas, Haydn J.D., Thomas, Andrew D., Tielbörger, Katja, Tomaselli, Marcello, Albert Treier, Urs, Trouillier, Mario, Dan Turtureanu, Pavel, Tutton, Rosamond, Tyystjärvi, Vilna A., Ueyama, Masahito, Ujházy, Karol, Ujházyová, Mariana, Uogintas, Domas, Urban, Anastasiya V., Urban, Josef, Urbaniak, Marek, Ursu, Tudor‐Mihai, Primo Vaccari, Francesco, Van de Vondel, Stijn, van den Brink, Liesbeth, Van Geel, Maarten, Vandvik, Vigdis, Vangansbeke, Pieter, Varlagin, Andrej, Veen, G.F., Veenendaal, Elmar, Venn, Susanna E., Verbeeck, Hans, Verbrugggen, Erik, Verheijen, Frank G.A., Villar, Luis, Vitale, Luca, Vittoz, Pascal, Vives‐Ingla, Maria, von Oppen, Jonathan, Walz, Josefine, Wang, Runxi, Wang, Yifeng, Way, Robert G., Wedegärtner, Ronja E.M., Weigel, Robert, Wild, Jan, Wilkinson, Matthew, Wilmking, Martin, Wingate, Lisa, Winkler, Manuela, Wipf, Sonja, Wohlfahrt, Georg, Xenakis, Georgios, Yang, Yan, Yu, Zicheng, Yu, Kailiang, Zellweger, Florian, Zhang, Jian, Zhang, Zhaochen, Zhao, Peng, Ziemblińska, Klaudia, Zimmermann, Reiner, Zong, Shengwei, Zyryanov, Viacheslav I., Nijs, Ivan, Lenoir, Jonathan, Lembrechts, Jonas J., van den Hoogen, Johan, Aalto, Juha, Ashcroft, Michael B., De Frenne, Pieter, Kemppinen, Julia, Kopecký, Martin, Luoto, Miska, Maclean, Ilya M. D., Crowther, Thomas W., Bailey, Joseph J., Haesen, Stef, Klinges, David H., Niittynen, Pekka, Scheffers, Brett R., Van Meerbeek, Koenraad, Aartsma, Peter, Abdalaze, Otar, Abedi, Mehdi, Aerts, Rien, Ahmadian, Negar, Ahrends, Antje, Alatalo, Juha M., Alexander, Jake M., Nina Allonsius, Camille, Altman, Jan, Ammann, Christof, Andres, Christian, Andrews, Christopher, Ardö, Jonas, Arriga, Nicola, Arzac, Alberto, Aschero, Valeria, Assis, Rafael L., Johann Assmann, Jakob, Bader, Maaike Y., Bahalkeh, Khadijeh, Barančok, Peter, Barrio, Isabel C., Barros, Agustina, Barthel, Matti, Basham, Edmund W., Bauters, Marijn, Bazzichetto, Manuele, Belelli Marchesini, Luca, Bell, Michael C., Benavides, Juan C., Luis Benito Alonso, José, Berauer, Bernd J., Bjerke, Jarle W., Björk, Robert G., Björkman, Mats P., Björnsdóttir, Katrin, Blonder, Benjamin, Boeckx, Pascal, Boike, Julia, Bokhorst, Stef, Brum, Bárbara N.S., Brůna, Josef, Buchmann, Nina, Buysse, Pauline, Luís Camargo, José, Campoe, Otávio C., Candan, Onur, Canessa, Rafaella, Cannone, Nicoletta, Carbognani, Michele, Carnicer, Jofre, Casanova‐Katny, Angélica, Cesarz, Simone, Chojnicki, Bogdan, Choler, Philippe, Chown, Steven L., Cifuentes, Edgar F., Čiliak, Marek, Contador, Tamara, Convey, Peter, Cooper, Elisabeth J., Cremonese, Edoardo, Curasi, Salvatore R., Curtis, Robin, Cutini, Maurizio, Johan Dahlberg, C., Daskalova, Gergana N., Angel de Pablo, Miguel, Della Chiesa, Stefano, Dengler, Jürgen, Deronde, Bart, Descombes, Patrice, Di Cecco, Valter, Di Musciano, Michele, Dick, Jan, Dimarco, Romina D., Dolezal, Jiri, Dorrepaal, Ellen, Dušek, Jiří, Eisenhauer, Nico, Eklundh, Lars, Erickson, Todd E., Erschbamer, Brigitta, Eugster, Werner, Ewers, Robert M., Exton, Dan A., Fanin, Nicolas, Fazlioglu, Fatih, Feigenwinter, Iris, Fenu, Giuseppe, Ferlian, Olga, Rosa Fernández Calzado, M., Fernández‐Pascual, Eduardo, Finckh, Manfred, Finger Higgens, Rebecca, Forte, T'ai G.W., Freeman, Erika C., Frei, Esther R., Fuentes‐Lillo, Eduardo, García, Rafael A., García, María B., Géron, Charly, Gharun, Mana, Ghosn, Dany, Gigauri, Khatuna, Gobin, Anne, Goded, Ignacio, Goeckede, Mathias, Gottschall, Felix, Goulding, Keith, Govaert, Sanne, Jessen Graae, Bente, Greenwood, Sarah, Greiser, Caroline, Grelle, Achim, Guénard, Benoit, Guglielmin, Mauro, Guillemot, Joannès, Haase, Peter, Haider, Sylvia, Halbritter, Aud H., Hamid, Maroof, Hammerle, Albin, Hampe, Arndt, Haugum, Siri V., Hederová, Lucia, Heinesch, Bernard, Helfter, Carole, Hepenstrick, Daniel, Herberich, Maximiliane, Herbst, Mathias, Hermanutz, Luise, Hik, David S., Hoffrén, Raúl, Homeier, Jürgen, Hörtnagl, Lukas, Høye, Toke T., Hrbacek, Filip, Hylander, Kristoffer, Iwata, Hiroki, Antoni Jackowicz‐Korczynski, Marcin, Jactel, Hervé, Järveoja, Järvi, Jastrzębowski, Szymon, Jentsch, Anke, Jiménez, Juan J., Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S., Jucker, Tommaso, Jump, Alistair S., Juszczak, Radoslaw, Kanka, Róbert, Kašpar, Vít, Kazakis, George, Kelly, Julia, Khuroo, Anzar A., Klemedtsson, Leif, Klisz, Marcin, Kljun, Natascha, Knohl, Alexander, Kobler, Johannes, Kollár, Jozef, Kotowska, Martyna M., Kovács, Bence, Kreyling, Juergen, Lamprecht, Andrea, Lang, Simone I., Larson, Christian, Larson, Keith, Laska, Kamil, le Maire, Guerric, Leihy, Rachel I., Lens, Luc, Liljebladh, Bengt, Lohila, Annalea, Lorite, Juan, Loubet, Benjamin, Lynn, Joshua, Macek, Martin, Mackenzie, Roy, Magliulo, Enzo, Maier, Regine, Malfasi, Francesco, Máliš, František, Man, Matěj, Manca, Giovanni, Manco, Antonio, Manise, Tanguy, Manolaki, Paraskevi, Marciniak, Felipe, Matula, Radim, Clara Mazzolari, Ana, Medinets, Sergiy, Medinets, Volodymyr, Meeussen, Camille, Merinero, Sonia, de Cássia Guimarães Mesquita, Rita, Meusburger, Katrin, Meysman, Filip J.R., Michaletz, Sean T., Milbau, Ann, Moiseev, Dmitry, Moiseev, Pavel, Mondoni, Andrea, Monfries, Ruth, Montagnani, Leonardo, Moriana‐Armendariz, Mikel, Morra di Cella, Umberto, Mörsdorf, Martin, Mosedale, Jonathan R., Muffler, Lena, Muñoz‐Rojas, Miriam, Myers, Jonathan A., Myers‐Smith, Isla H., Nagy, Laszlo, Nardino, Marianna, Naujokaitis‐Lewis, Ilona, Newling, Emily, Nicklas, Lena, Niedrist, Georg, Niessner, Armin, Nilsson, Mats B., Normand, Signe, Nosetto, Marcelo D., Nouvellon, Yann, Nuñez, Martin A., Ogaya, Romà, Ogée, Jérôme, Okello, Joseph, Olejnik, Janusz, Eivind Olesen, Jørgen, Opedal, Øystein, Orsenigo, Simone, Palaj, Andrej, Pampuch, Timo, Panov, Alexey V., Pärtel, Meelis, Pastor, Ada, Pauchard, Aníbal, Pauli, Harald, Pavelka, Marian, Pearse, William D., Peichl, Matthias, Pellissier, Loïc, Penczykowski, Rachel M., Penuelas, Josep, Petit Bon, Matteo, Petraglia, Alessandro, Phartyal, Shyam S., Phoenix, Gareth K., Pio, Casimiro, Pitacco, Andrea, Pitteloud, Camille, Plichta, Roman, Porro, Francesco, Portillo‐Estrada, Miguel, Poulenard, Jérôme, Poyatos, Rafael, Prokushkin, Anatoly S., Puchalka, Radoslaw, Pușcaș, Mihai, Radujković, Dajana, Randall, Krystal, Ratier Backes, Amanda, Remmele, Sabine, Remmers, Wolfram, Renault, David, Risch, Anita C., Rixen, Christian, Robinson, Sharon A., Robroek, Bjorn J.M., Rocha, Adrian V., Rossi, Christian, Rossi, Graziano, Roupsard, Olivier, Rubtsov, Alexey V., Saccone, Patrick, Sagot, Clotilde, Sallo Bravo, Jhonatan, Santos, Cinthya C., Sarneel, Judith M., Scharnweber, Tobias, Schmeddes, Jonas, Schmidt, Marius, Scholten, Thomas, Schuchardt, Max, Schwartz, Naomi, Scott, Tony, Seeber, Julia, Cristina Segalin de Andrade, Ana, Seipel, Tim, Semenchuk, Philipp, Senior, Rebecca A., Serra‐Diaz, Josep M., Sewerniak, Piotr, Shekhar, Ankit, Sidenko, Nikita V., Siebicke, Lukas, Siegwart Collier, Laura, Simpson, Elizabeth, Siqueira, David P., Sitková, Zuzana, Six, Johan, Smiljanic, Marko, Smith, Stuart W., Smith‐Tripp, Sarah, Somers, Ben, Vedel Sørensen, Mia, João L. L. Souza, José, Israel Souza, Bartolomeu, Souza Dias, Arildo, Spasojevic, Marko J., Speed, James D.M., Spicher, Fabien, Stanisci, Angela, Steinbauer, Klaus, Steinbrecher, Rainer, Steinwandter, Michael, Stemkovski, Michael, Stephan, Jörg G., Stiegler, Christian, Stoll, Stefan, Svátek, Martin, Svoboda, Miroslav, Tagesson, Torbern, Tanentzap, Andrew J., Tanneberger, Franziska, Theurillat, Jean‐Paul, Thomas, Haydn J.D., Thomas, Andrew D., Tielbörger, Katja, Tomaselli, Marcello, Albert Treier, Urs, Trouillier, Mario, Dan Turtureanu, Pavel, Tutton, Rosamond, Tyystjärvi, Vilna A., Ueyama, Masahito, Ujházy, Karol, Ujházyová, Mariana, Uogintas, Domas, Urban, Anastasiya V., Urban, Josef, Urbaniak, Marek, Ursu, Tudor‐Mihai, Primo Vaccari, Francesco, Van de Vondel, Stijn, van den Brink, Liesbeth, Van Geel, Maarten, Vandvik, Vigdis, Vangansbeke, Pieter, Varlagin, Andrej, Veen, G.F., Veenendaal, Elmar, Venn, Susanna E., Verbeeck, Hans, Verbrugggen, Erik, Verheijen, Frank G.A., Villar, Luis, Vitale, Luca, Vittoz, Pascal, Vives‐Ingla, Maria, von Oppen, Jonathan, Walz, Josefine, Wang, Runxi, Wang, Yifeng, Way, Robert G., Wedegärtner, Ronja E.M., Weigel, Robert, Wild, Jan, Wilkinson, Matthew, Wilmking, Martin, Wingate, Lisa, Winkler, Manuela, Wipf, Sonja, Wohlfahrt, Georg, Xenakis, Georgios, Yang, Yan, Yu, Zicheng, Yu, Kailiang, Zellweger, Florian, Zhang, Jian, Zhang, Zhaochen, Zhao, Peng, Ziemblińska, Klaudia, Zimmermann, Reiner, Zong, Shengwei, Zyryanov, Viacheslav I., Nijs, Ivan, and Lenoir, Jonathan

Abstract

Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1-km² resolution for 0–5 and 5–15 cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e., offset) between in-situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1-km² pixels (summarized from 8500 unique temperature sensors) across all the world’s major terrestrial biomes, and coarse-grained air temperature estimates from ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10°C (mean = 3.0 ± 2.1°C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6 ± 2.3°C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (-0.7 ± 2.3°C). The observed substantial and biome-specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near-surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil-related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in-situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications.

Published
2022

48. Soil seed bank responses to edge effects in temperate European forests

Author

Gasperini, Cristina, Bollmann, Kurt, Brunet, Jörg, Cousins, Sara A. O., Decocq, Guillaume, De Pauw, Karen, Diekmann, Martin, Govaert, Sanne, Graae, Bente J., Hedwall, Per-Ola, Iacopetti, Giovanni, Lenoir, Jonathan, Lindmo, Sigrid, Meeussen, Camille, Orczewska, Anna, Ponette, Quentin, Plue, Jan, Sanczuk, Pieter, Spicher, Fabien, Vanneste, Thomas, Vangansbeke, Pieter, Zellweger, Florian, Selvi, Federico, De Frenne, Pieter, Gasperini, Cristina, Bollmann, Kurt, Brunet, Jörg, Cousins, Sara A. O., Decocq, Guillaume, De Pauw, Karen, Diekmann, Martin, Govaert, Sanne, Graae, Bente J., Hedwall, Per-Ola, Iacopetti, Giovanni, Lenoir, Jonathan, Lindmo, Sigrid, Meeussen, Camille, Orczewska, Anna, Ponette, Quentin, Plue, Jan, Sanczuk, Pieter, Spicher, Fabien, Vanneste, Thomas, Vangansbeke, Pieter, Zellweger, Florian, Selvi, Federico, and De Frenne, Pieter

Abstract

Aim: The amount of forest edges is increasing globally due to forest fragmentation and land-use changes. However, edge effects on the soil seed bank of temperate forests are still poorly understood. Here, we assessed edge effects at contrasting spatial scales across Europe and quantified the extent to which edges can preserve the seeds of forest specialist plants. Location: Temperate European deciduous forests along a 2,300-km latitudinal gradient. Time period: 2018-2021. Major taxa studied: Vascular plants. Methods: Through a greenhouse germination experiment, we studied how edge effects alter the density, diversity, composition and functionality of forest soil seed banks in 90 plots along different latitudes, elevations and forest management types. We also assessed which environmental conditions drive the seed bank responses at the forest edge versus interior and looked at the relationship between the seed bank and the herb layer species richness. Results: Overall, 10,108 seedlings of 250 species emerged from the soil seed bank. Seed density and species richness of generalists (species not only associated with forests) were higher at edges compared to interiors, with a negative influence of C : N ratio and litter quality. Conversely, forest specialist species richness did not decline from the interior to the edge. Also, edges were compositionally, but not functionally, different from interiors. The correlation between the seed bank and the herb layer species richness was positive and affected by microclimate. Main conclusions: Our results underpin how edge effects shape species diversity and composition of soil seed banks in ancient forests, especially increasing the proportion of generalist species and thus potentially favouring a shift in community composition. However, the presence of many forest specialists suggests that soil seed banks still play a key role in understorey species persistence and could support the resilience of our fragmented forests.

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

49. Maintaining forest cover to enhance temperature buffering under future climate change

Author

De Lombaerde, Emiel, Vangansbeke, Pieter, Lenoir, Jonathan, Van Meerbeek, Koenraad, Lembrechts, Jonas, Rodríguez-Sánchez, Francisco, Luoto, Miska, Scheffers, Brett, Haesen, Stef, Aalto, Juha, Christiansen, Ditte Marie, De Pauw, Karen, Depauw, Leen, Govaert, Sanne, Greiser, Caroline, Hampe, Arndt, Hylander, Kristoffer, Klinges, David, Koelemeijer, Irena, Meeussen, Camille, Ogée, Jerome, Sanczuk, Pieter, Vanneste, Thomas, Zellweger, Florian, Baeten, Lander, De Frenne, Pieter, De Lombaerde, Emiel, Vangansbeke, Pieter, Lenoir, Jonathan, Van Meerbeek, Koenraad, Lembrechts, Jonas, Rodríguez-Sánchez, Francisco, Luoto, Miska, Scheffers, Brett, Haesen, Stef, Aalto, Juha, Christiansen, Ditte Marie, De Pauw, Karen, Depauw, Leen, Govaert, Sanne, Greiser, Caroline, Hampe, Arndt, Hylander, Kristoffer, Klinges, David, Koelemeijer, Irena, Meeussen, Camille, Ogée, Jerome, Sanczuk, Pieter, Vanneste, Thomas, Zellweger, Florian, Baeten, Lander, and De Frenne, Pieter

Abstract

Forest canopies buffer macroclimatic temperature fluctuations. However, we do not know if and how the capacity of canopies to buffer understorey temperature will change with accelerating climate change. Here we map the difference (offset) between temperatures inside and outside forests in the recent past and project these into the future in boreal, temperate and tropical forests. Using linear mixed-effect models, we combined a global database of 714 paired time series of temperatures (mean, minimum and maximum) measured inside forests vs. in nearby open habitats with maps of macroclimate, topography and forest cover to hindcast past (1970–2000) and to project future (2060–2080) temperature differences between free-air temperatures and sub-canopy microclimates. For all tested future climate scenarios, we project that the difference between maximum temperatures inside and outside forests across the globe will increase (i.e. result in stronger cooling in forests), on average during 2060–2080, by 0.27 ± 0.16 °C (RCP2.6) and 0.60 ± 0.14 °C (RCP8.5) due to macroclimate changes. This suggests that extremely hot temperatures under forest canopies will, on average, warm less than outside forests as macroclimate warms. This knowledge is of utmost importance as it suggests that forest microclimates will warm at a slower rate than non-forested areas, assuming that forest cover is maintained. Species adapted to colder growing conditions may thus find shelter and survive longer than anticipated at a given forest site. This highlights the potential role of forests as a whole as microrefugia for biodiversity under future climate change.

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

50. Forest understorey communities respond strongly to light in interaction with forest structure, but not to microclimate warming

Author

De Pauw, Karen, Sanczuk, Pieter, Meeussen, Camille, Depauw, Leen, De Lombaerde, Emiel, Govaert, Sanne, Vanneste, Thomas, Brunet, Jörg, Cousins, Sara A. O., Gasperini, Cristina, Hedwall, Per-Ola, Iacopetti, Giovanni, Lenoir, Jonathan, Plue, Jan, Selvi, Federico, Spicher, Fabien, Uria-Diez, Jaime, Verheyen, Kris, Vangansbeke, Pieter, De Frenne, Pieter, De Pauw, Karen, Sanczuk, Pieter, Meeussen, Camille, Depauw, Leen, De Lombaerde, Emiel, Govaert, Sanne, Vanneste, Thomas, Brunet, Jörg, Cousins, Sara A. O., Gasperini, Cristina, Hedwall, Per-Ola, Iacopetti, Giovanni, Lenoir, Jonathan, Plue, Jan, Selvi, Federico, Spicher, Fabien, Uria-Diez, Jaime, Verheyen, Kris, Vangansbeke, Pieter, and De Frenne, Pieter

Abstract

Forests harbour large spatiotemporal heterogeneity in canopy structure. This variation drives the microclimate and light availability at the forest floor. So far, we do not know how light availability and sub-canopy temperature interactively mediate the impact of macroclimate warming on understorey communities. We therefore assessed the functional response of understorey plant communities to warming and light addition in a full factorial experiment installed in temperate deciduous forests across Europe along natural microclimate, light and macroclimate gradients. Furthermore, we related these functional responses to the species’ life-history syndromes and thermal niches. We found no significant community responses to the warming treatment. The light treatment, however, had a stronger impact on communities, mainly due to responses by fast-colonizing generalists and not by slow-colonizing forest specialists. The forest structure strongly mediated the response to light addition and also had a clear impact on functional traits and total plant cover. The effects of short-term experimental warming were small and suggest a time-lag in the response of understorey species to climate change. Canopy disturbance, for instance due to drought, pests or logging, has a strong and immediate impact and particularly favours generalists in the understorey in structurally complex forests.

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results