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A pesquisa objetivou identificar a prevalência de excesso de peso e obesidade e sua relação com o consumo de alimentos em pré-escolares da rede privada. Foi do tipo transversal, descritiva, tendo como amostra, 403 pré-escolares. Realizou-se avaliação antropométrica para obtenção do IMC, foram coletadas dados da frequência do consumo de alimentos. Na análise estatí­stica, foi utilizado o teste t de Student, o teste do χ2 (Qui-quadrado) e Kruskal-Wallis, com ní­vel de significância de 5%. Foi utilizada a correlação de Pearson entre o consumo de alimentos e o IMC para a idade. Os resultados demonstraram que 60,1% das crianças estavam eutróficas e 1,2% com magreza. Foi constatado risco de excesso de peso, excesso de peso e obesidade de 20,8%, 5,2% e 12,7%, respectivamente. Assim, o consumo de determinados alimentos apresentou forte correlação com o IMC para a idade referente ao risco de excesso de peso, excesso de peso e obesidade.

Progressive drought induced a gradual increase in non-structural carbohydrates in roots and leaves, slowing the drop in water status. The roots had an increase of 95 % compared to well-watered plants, while the leaves only increased by 21 %. Since Cenostigma pyramidale is a deciduous species, the non-structural carbohydrates are mainly found in the roots, which helps the plant survive the intense drought period. The ability to produce and control the distribution of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) may be critical to the success of deciduous woody plants from seasonally dry tropical forests. Thus, our aim was to investigate how carbohydrate allocation occurs and the dynamics of water status during the pre-senescence leaf period. We performed a controlled experiment on progressive drought stress using Cenostigma pyramidale, and found that leaf relative water content decreased only under severe drought conditions (SVD), when soil water content was approximately 5%, three times less than well-hydrated plants, and foliar relative water content (RWC) was close to 35%. Gas exchange was maintained at a high level until the moderate drought stage (MD), with soil water content and RWC of 8% and 75%, respectively. Prior to leaf senescence, C. pyramidale maintained the net CO2 assimilation and intense production of NSC, which were stored mainly in the leaves (45%), and roots (44%), with only 11% in the stems. This increase in root NSC content during progressive drought levels suggests that this tissue may be the main storage site for NSC, which could allow the plant to survive the dry season, and also have reserves for leaf sprouting at the beginning of the next rainy season. The results suggest that studies involving carbon metabolism in woody species under stress should consider root tissue, as this is an important source of NSC during drought.

As recomendacoes nutricionais para uma alimentacao saudavel propostas por instituicoes nacionais e internacionais de pesquisa e pela Organizacao Mundial de Saude aconselham uma ingestao diaria de pelo menos 400g de frutas, verduras e legumes, o que equivale a cinco porcoes por dia (cada uma contendo 80g). De preferencia, pelo menos duas porcoes de frutas e tres porcoes de vegetais ao dia. Sabe-se que uma alimentacao baseada em uma maior quantidade de ingestao desses alimentos tem efeitos positivos na prevencao das Doencas Cronicas Nao Transmissiveis (DCNT) e obesidade. Entretanto, observa-se, em geral, em diversos estudos, um baixo consumo desses alimentos entre os adolescentes. Nesse sentido, sao fortemente estimuladas acoes de estrategias para desenvolver intervencoes de promocao de consumo de frutas, verduras e legumes, tornando-se mais eficiente o seu consumo entre criancas e adolescentes quando se compreendem os fatores que influenciam as escolhas alimentares. Assim posto, o presente texto faz parte de uma pesquisa em curso sobre praticas e percepcoes do consumo de frutas, verduras e legumes, tendo por objetivo identificar os principais fatores sociais e historicos que interferem de forma decisiva nas escolhas alimentares. Assim, o presente estudo verificou por meio de revisao de literatura, na esteira do materialismo historico dialetico, quais sao os fatores determinantes que influenciam nas escolhas alimentares de adolescentes no consumo de frutas, verduras e legumes na contemporaneidade. Desse modo, os resultados indicaram um consideravel consumo de alimentos que nao promovem a saude entre adolescentes, e identificamos que os fatores associados as escolhas alimentares sao determinados de acordo com a organizacao social da sociedade capitalista. As mudancas no padrao alimentar ocorrido nas ultimas decadas fazem parte da estrutura e funcionamento da sociedade capitalista na qual o consumo e mais importante do que qualquer coisa, pois sera o consumo exacerbado que promovera mais lucro como meta final do trabalho humano. Nesse sentido, precisamos tracar novas estrategias sociais e politicas publicas que visem a conscientizar e amenizar os problemas de saude

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of current tobacco use and its association with sociodemographic factors and risk behaviors among adolescents and young students, according to gender. Methods: The sample consisted of students from the state public school network aged between 12 and 24 years, who answered the Brazilian version of the Youth Risk Behavior Survey questionnaire. The data were analyzed in SPSS software (v. 20.0), using Poisson regression to evaluate the prevalence ratio (PR) of the independent variables in relation to the outcome. p < 0.05 was established as the significance level. Results: The final analysis consisted of 1275 adolescents, of whom 716 (56.2%) were girls and 559 (43.8%) were boys. The prevalence of current tobacco use was 6.6% among girls and 9.7% among boys. In females, consuming alcohol in the last 30 days (3.91 [1.54-9.94]) and being 14 years old or younger (0.50 [0.26-0.96]) influenced current tobacco use. In the male gender, tobacco use in the last 30 days was influenced by current alcohol consumption (2.92 [1.21-7.08]) and involvement in physical fighting in the last 12 months (2.32 [1.32-4.09]). Conclusion: Although the prevalence of current tobacco use was low in both genders, the assessed population still presents a risk, since male involvement in physical fighting and current consumption of alcohol in both genders increased the probability of this population becoming regular tobacco users. Resumo Objetivos: Determinar a prevalência de uso atual do tabaco e sua associação com fatores sociodemográficos e comportamentos de risco entre adolescentes e jovens escolares, segundo o sexo. Métodos: A amostra foi composta por estudantes da rede estadual entre 12 e 24 anos, que responderam a versão brasileira do questionário Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Os dados foram analisados no SPSS (versão 20.0), por meio da Regressão de Poisson para avaliar a Razão de Prevalência (RP) das variáveis independentes em relação ao desfecho. Foi adotado p < 0,05. Resultados: A análise final foi composta por 1.275 adolescentes, dos quais 716 (56,2%) eram meninas e 559 (43,8%) meninos. A prevalência de consumo atual do tabaco foi de 6,6% entre as meninas e 9,7% entre os meninos. No sexo feminino, consumir álcool nos últimos 30 dias (3,91 [1,54-9,94]) e ter 14 anos ou menos (0,50 [0,26-0,96]) influenciaram o uso atual de tabaco. No sexo masculino, o uso de tabaco nos últimos 30 dias foi influenciado pelo consumo atual de álcool (2,92 [1,21-7,08]) e envolvimento em luta corporal nos últimos 12 meses (2,32 [1,32-4,09]). Conclusão: Embora a prevalência de consumo atual do tabaco tenha sido baixa em ambos os sexos, a população estudada ainda exibe risco, pois o envolvimento em luta corporal no sexo masculino e o consumo atual de álcool em ambos os sexos aumentaram a probabilidade da população se envolver com uso atual do tabaco.

Aim: The study evaluated the prevalence of systemic arterial hypertension and its association with periodontal parameters and decayed-missing-filled teeth (DMFT) index in individuals treated in a Dental School clinic. Material and methods: Ninety-five individuals of both genders were included in the study in the period between March and May 2021. All participants answered anamnestic questionaries, had their systemic blood pressure measured, and were examined to obtain the DMFT and periodontal parameters. Results: The prevalence of systemic arterial hypertension in the study population was 23.15%. In periodontitis individuals, that prevalence was 27%, and, in gingivitis patients, 19%. Patients with periodontitis have higher mean systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure compared with gingivitis individuals (p

Plants have developed several strategies, some of which are anatomical, to cope with stressful environmental conditions, such as drought and salinity. At the leaf anatomical level, these strategies are mostly related to photosynthesis and, therefore, to the physiological performance of plants. Thus, the ability to adjust leaf traits during stress can be an important strategy to tolerance. Calotropis procera is distinct for its robust performance under drought and salinity; hence, our main goal was to verify whether and what this species changes leaf anatomical attributes during stressful conditions, and how this may help its performance. Two controlled experiments were conducted, under drought and salinity, the anatomical and physiological parameters of C. procera, such as gas exchanges, water status, stomata, trichrome, cuticle and mesophyll, were measured over 46 and 56 days, respectively. Plants had adjustments in leaf attributes under both conditions. Under drought, on the sixth day, plants showed thicker mesophyll, and at ninth increased cuticle thickness and stomata and trichome density (at 18th). Under salinity conditions, the plants adjusted the same attributes (22nd day). Such adjustments are mainly involved in reducing water loss, which improves water status in plants and the efficient use. In turn, water efficient use promotes direct and indirect improvements in photosynthetic rate under stress, possibly by increasing sites to uptake CO2 and optimizing diffusion. Our findings showed that C. procera has anatomical plasticity, changing traits that can play a decisive role in its physiological adaptation, giving advantage mainly to its efficient stomatal control under water-limited environmental conditions.

Exotic plants in semiarid region have developed strategies for efficient use or capture of resources. They have become invasive and outperform native species. To understand which factors could explain the success of invasive woody species in a semiarid region, several physiological traits were analyzed in young plants of two invasive and two native species exposed to different water availability. Invasive plants showed low leaf construction cost, high phosphorus and nitrogen contents, reduced loss of instantaneous energy use efficiency, and smaller specific leaf area when compared to native species. This strategy led to a higher biomass gain and a high root/shoot ratio in both water treatments. After rehydration, invasive plants showed faster recovery and higher rates of CO2 assimilation. This resilience is fundamental for species in semiarid regions, and also increase uptake of nutrients. Maintaining a high photosynthetic rate, whenever there is water availability is a strategy that increases the performance of the species in relation to biomass gain. The low leaf construction cost and the fast recovery of the photosynthetic metabolism of invasive plants after limiting water resources explains the success of these species, and suggests that their potential may increase under prolonged and severe drought seasons.

We consider the wave equation with a weak internal damping with non-constant delay and nonlinear weights given by \begin{document}$ \begin{eqnarray*} \label{NLS} u_{tt}(x,t) - u_{xx}(x,t)+\mu_1(t)u_t(x,t) +\mu_2(t)u_t(x,t-\tau(t)) = 0 \end{eqnarray*} $\end{document} in a bounded domain. Under proper conditions on nonlinear weights $ \mu_1(t), \mu_2(t) $ and non-constant delay $ \tau(t) $, we prove global existence and estimative the decay rate for the energy.

In this paper we study the Cauchy problem associated with the one-dimensional integro-differential nonlocal derivative nonlinear Schrodinger equation in the Besov space B 2 1 2 , 1 ( R ) . The local well-posedness for small initial data in B 2 1 2 , 1 ( R ) is established. Our method of proof combines the contraction principle applied to the associated integral equation together with interpolations of some smoothing effects (Kato’s smoothing effects, Strichartz estimate and estimates for the maximal function) for phase localized functions associated to the linear dispersive part of the equation, and a fractional vector-valued Leibniz’s rule derived by Molinet and Ribaud in (2004).

This research aimed to review the literature about retrospective studies carried out within the scope of the Covid-19 pandemic, which reported on the nutritional therapy used for patients with the disease admitted to Intensive Care Units. The integrative review was carried out from searches in electronic databases about publications of original articles written in English and Portuguese, between the years 2019 to 2021. The searches were carried out in the databases: Science Direct (Elsevier virtual library), Scielo (Scientific Electronic Library Online), Pubmed / Medline (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrievel System Online) and VHL (Virtual Health Library), using the words SARS-CoV-2, Enteral Nutrition, Parenteral Nutrition and Health Unit as descriptors. Intensive Care, in English and Portuguese. After the search and selection process using the criteria cited in the methodology, 3 articles were selected. Nutritional therapy is a fundamental part of the recovery process for critical patients with Covid-19, since within the hospitalization period the malnutrition process is accelerated, due to the hypercatabolic clinical characteristic of the disease related to metabolic disorders. Some guidelines about nutritional therapy for patients with Covid-19 have already been created from statements by professionals linked to clinical nutrition societies, and the recommendations have been widely used as therapeutic principles in medical care centers for patients in this pathological state. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo revisar la literatura sobre estudios retrospectivos realizados en el ámbito de la pandemia Covid-19, que informaron sobre la terapia nutricional utilizada en pacientes con la enfermedad ingresados en Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos. La revisión integradora se realizó a partir de búsquedas en bases de datos electrónicas sobre publicaciones de artículos originales escritos en inglés y portugués, entre los años 2019 a 2021. Las búsquedas se realizaron en las bases de datos: Science Direct (biblioteca virtual de Elsevier), Scielo ( Scientific Electronic Library Online), Pubmed / Medline (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrievel System Online) y VHL (Virtual Health Library), utilizando como descriptores las palabras SARS-CoV-2, Enteral Nutrition, Parenteral Nutrition and Health Unit. Intensive Care, en Inglés y portugués. Tras el proceso de búsqueda y selección utilizando los criterios citados en la metodología, se seleccionaron 3 artículos. La terapia nutricional es parte fundamental del proceso de recuperación de los pacientes críticos con Covid-19, ya que dentro del período de hospitalización se acelera el proceso de desnutrición, debido a la característica clínica hipercatabólica de la enfermedad relacionada con los trastornos metabólicos. Algunas pautas sobre terapia nutricional para pacientes con Covid-19 ya han sido elaboradas a partir de declaraciones de profesionales vinculados a sociedades de nutrición clínica, y las recomendaciones han sido ampliamente utilizadas como principios terapéuticos en los centros de atención médica para pacientes en este estado patológico. Esta pesquisa objetivou revisar a literatura acerca de estudos retrospectivos realizados no âmbito da pandemia da Covid-19, que relataram sobre a terapia nutricional utilizada para pacientes portadores da doença internados em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva (UTI). A revisão integrativa foi realizada a partir de buscas nos bancos de dados eletrônicos acerca de publicações de artigos originais escritos em inglês e português, entre os anos de 2019 a 2021. As buscas foram realizadas nas bases de dados: Science Direct (Biblioteca virtual da Elsevier), Scielo (Scientific Electronic Library Online), Pubmed/Medline (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrievel System Online) e BVS (Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde), utilizando como descritores as palavras SARS-CoV-2, Nutrição Enteral, Nutrição Parenteral e Unidade de Terapia Intensiva, nos idiomas inglês e português. Após o processo de busca e seleção utilizando os critérios citados na metodologia, foram selecionados 3 artigos. A terapia nutricional é parte fundamental do processo de recuperação dos pacientes críticos com Covid-19, já que no âmbito do período de internação o processo de desnutrição é acelerado, devido a característica clínica hipercatabólica da doença relacionada a distúrbios metabólicos. Algumas diretrizes acerca da terapia nutricional para pacientes com Covid-19 já foram criadas a partir de declarações de profissionais vinculados as sociedades de nutrição clínica, e as recomendações tem sido bastante utilizadas como princípios terapêuticos nos centros médicos de cuidado aos pacientes neste estado patológico.

Croton blanchetianus is known as ‘marmeleiro preto’, a very widespread shrub in Northeast Brazil. Terpenoids, steroids and phenolic compounds are among the reported secondary metabolites of the Croton genus that are a potential source of bioactive compounds. This study evaluated the anxiolytic potential of clerodine-type diterpene, sonderianin (CBWS) isolated from the stem bark of C. blanchetianus and its mechanism of action in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) (ZFa). The anticonvulsant and anti-acetylcholinesterase effects have also been explored. ZFa (n = 6/group) were treated intraperitoneally (ip; 20 µL) with CBWS (4, 12 and 40 mg/kg) and vehicle (3% DMSO; 20 µL) and subjected to locomotor activity tests, as well as toxicity acute 96 h. CBWS was also administered for analysis in the light/dark test. The involvement of the serotonergic system (5-HT) was investigated using 5-HTR1, 5-HTR2A/2C and 5-HTR3A/3B receptor antagonists. Anxiolytic doses were tested for pentylenetetrazol-induced seizure in ZFa. The inhibitory activity of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was measured. CBWS was not considered toxic and reduced locomotor activity. The results of the present study identified for the first time the interaction of the diterpene sonderianina in the CNS. This study provides evidence that CBWS has an anxiolytic effect mediated by serotonergic (5-HT) involvement and anti-acetylcholinesterase action. The 5-HTR1 and 5-HTR2A/2C receptors may be implicated in the low anticonvulsant effect in CBWS. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

Sendo a mandíbula um osso ímpar da face e marcante pelo motivo de ser o único móvel, ela é de extrema importância quando estudamos fatores como o côndilo e a sua morfologia. A cartilagem condilar é um centro de crescimento craniofacial e consequentemente, a morfologia da articulação temporomandibular torna-se um fator de interferência no processo de desenvolvimento do complexo craniofacial. Objetivo O objectivo deste estudo é verificar se existem diferenças na morfologia condilar entre pacientes com biótipo facial de Classe II Hiperdivergente ou Hipodivergente antes e após tratamento com aparelho ortodôntico fixo autoligado Materiais e Métodos A amostra é constituída por 100 pacientes com idade superior a 18 anos que recorreram a tratamento ortodôntico. Esta amostra foi dividida em 50 pacientes hiperdivergentes e 50 pacientes hipodivergentes. Foi avaliada a morfologia condilar de forma a avaliar se existem diferenças entre pacientes com biótipo facial de Classe II Hiperdivergente ou Hipodivergente antes e após tratamento ortodôntico fixo autoligável. Resultados e Conclusões Os resultados demonstram que, o biotipo facial hipodivergente assume sempre valores superiores aos hiperdivergentes, na sua morfologia condilar, assim como as características morfológicas do côndilo sofreram alteração no biotipo facial hiperdivergente depois do tratamento ortodôntico autoligável para a medida Cop-Ks. Ainda se concluiu que as características morfológicas do côndilo não sofreram alterações para o biotipo facial hipodivergente depois do tratamento ortodontico autoligável Palavras-chave: morfologia condilar, biótipo facial, radiografia panorâmica, tratamento ortodôntico autoligável.