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Large Language Models (LLMs) like ChatGPT demonstrate significant potential in the medical field, often evaluated using multiple-choice questions (MCQs) similar to those found on the USMLE. Despite their prevalence in medical education, MCQs have limitations that might be exacerbated when assessing LLMs. To evaluate the effectiveness of MCQs in assessing the performance of LLMs, we developed a fictional medical benchmark focused on a non-existent gland, the Glianorex. This approach allowed us to isolate the knowledge of the LLM from its test-taking abilities. We used GPT-4 to generate a comprehensive textbook on the Glianorex in both English and French and developed corresponding multiple-choice questions in both languages. We evaluated various open-source, proprietary, and domain-specific LLMs using these questions in a zero-shot setting. The models achieved average scores around 67%, with minor performance differences between larger and smaller models. Performance was slightly higher in English than in French. Fine-tuned medical models showed some improvement over their base versions in English but not in French. The uniformly high performance across models suggests that traditional MCQ-based benchmarks may not accurately measure LLMs' clinical knowledge and reasoning abilities, instead highlighting their pattern recognition skills. This study underscores the need for more robust evaluation methods to better assess the true capabilities of LLMs in medical contexts.

Consciousness has been historically a heavily debated topic in engineering, science, and philosophy. On the contrary, awareness had less success in raising the interest of scholars in the past. However, things are changing as more and more researchers are getting interested in answering questions concerning what awareness is and how it can be artificially generated. The landscape is rapidly evolving, with multiple voices and interpretations of the concept being conceived and techniques being developed. The goal of this paper is to summarize and discuss the ones among these voices connected with projects funded by the EIC Pathfinder Challenge called ``Awareness Inside'', a nonrecurring call for proposals within Horizon Europe designed specifically for fostering research on natural and synthetic awareness. In this perspective, we dedicate special attention to challenges and promises of applying synthetic awareness in robotics, as the development of mature techniques in this new field is expected to have a special impact on generating more capable and trustworthy embodied systems.

Adaptive user interfaces have the advantage of being able to dynamically change their aspect and/or behaviour depending on the characteristics of the context of use, i.e. to improve user experience(UX). UX is an important quality factor that has been primarily evaluated with classical measures but to a lesser extent with physiological measures, such as emotion recognition, skin response, or brain activity.In a previous exploratory experiment involving users with different profiles and a wide range of ages, we analysed user experience in terms of cognitive load, engagement, attraction and memorisation when employing twenty graphical adaptive menus through the use of an Electroencephalogram (EEG) device. The results indicated that there were statistically significant differences for these four variables. However, we considered that it was necessary to confirm or reject these findings using a more homogeneous group of users.We conducted an operational internal replication study with 40 participants. We also investigated the potential correlation between EEG signals and the participants' user experience ratings, such as their preferences.The results of this experiment confirm that there are statistically significant differences between the EEG variables when the participants interact with the different adaptive menus. Moreover, there is a high correlation among the participants' UX ratings and the EEG signals, and a trend regarding performance has emerged from our analysis.These findings suggest that EEG signals could be used to evaluate UX. With regard to the menus studied, our results suggest that graphical menus with different structures and font types produce more differences in users' brain responses, while menus which use colours produce more similarities in users' brain responses. Several insights with which to improve users' experience of graphical adaptive menus are outlined., Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables, 34 references, International Conference on Evaluation and Assessment in Software Engineering (EASE '23)

Human long duration exploration missions (LDEMs) raise a number of technological challenges. This paper addresses the question of the crew autonomy: as the distances increase, the communication delays and constraints tend to prevent the astronauts from being monitored and supported by a real time ground control. Eventually, future planetary missions will necessarily require a form of astronaut self-scheduling. We study the usage of a computer decision-support tool by a crew of analog astronauts, during a Mars simulation mission conducted at the Mars Desert Research Station (MDRS, Mars Society) in Utah. The proposed tool, called Romie, belongs to the new category of Robust Advanced Modelling and Scheduling (RAMS) systems. It allows the crew members (i) to visually model their scientific objectives and constraints, (ii) to compute near-optimal operational schedules while taking uncertainty into account, (iii) to monitor the execution of past and current activities, and (iv) to modify scientific objectives/constraints w.r.t. unforeseen events and opportunistic science. In this study, we empirically measure how the astronauts, who are novice planners, perform at using such a tool when self-scheduling under the realistic assumptions of a simulated Martian planetary habitat.

Generative Programming (GP) is a computing paradigm allowing automatic creation of entire software families utilizing the configuration of elementary and reusable components. GP can be projected on different technologies, e.g. C++-templates, Java-Beans, Aspect-Oriented Programming (AOP), or Frame technology. This paper focuses on Frame Technology, which aids the possible implementation and completion of software components. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the GP paradigm in the area of GUI application generation. It demonstrates how automatically customized executable applications with GUI parts can be generated from an abstract specification., Comment: 4 pages, 12 figures, ACM Conference on Visual Interfaces AVI'2004