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Proceedings of the 64th ICFA ABDW on High-Intensity and High-Brightness Hadron Beams, HB2021, Batavia, IL, USA 64th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on High-Intensity and High-Brightness Hadron Beams , HB2021, Illinois, USA, 4 Oct 2021 - 8 Oct 2021; JACoW Publishing, Geneva, Switzerland 5 pages (2022). doi:10.18429/JACOW-HB2021-WEBC3, The MYRRHA project at SCK•CEN, Belgium, aims at coupling a 600 MeV proton accelerator to a subcritical fission core operating at a thermal power of 60 MW. The nominal proton beam for this ADS has an intensity of 4 mA and is delivered in a quasi-CW mode. MYRRHA’s linac is designed to be fault tolerant thanks to redundancy implemented in parallel at low energy and serially in the superconducting linac. Phase 1 of the project, named MINERVA, will realise a 100 MeV, 4 mA superconducting linac with the mission of demonstrating the ADS requirements in terms of reliability and of fault tolerance. As part of the reliability optimisation program the integrated prototyping of the MINERVA injector is ongoing at SCK•CEN in Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium. The injector test stand aims at testing sequentially all the elements composing the front-end of the injector. This contribution will highlight the beam dynamics choices in MINERVA’s injector and their impact on ongoing commissioning activities., Published by JACoW Publishing, Geneva, Switzerland

The MYRRHA project aims at building an Accelerator Driven System demonstrator, which consists of two injectors and a superconducting linac. The proton beam from the first injector accelerated up to 17 MeV goes to the linac (600 MeV) through a Medium Energy Beam Transfer line (MEBT). Whereas in the meantime, the beam from the second injector is sent to a beam dump. In case of failure in the first injector, the beam of the awaiting injector is sent to the linac. A switching magnet located at the junction of the two injection lines performs this beam switch in less than 1.5 seconds. A magnetic design and a mechanical structure of this magnet proposed to the MYRRHA project are presented., Proceedings of the 12th International Particle Accelerator Conference, IPAC2021, Campinas, SP, Brazil

Proceedings of the 12th International Particle Accelerator Conference, IPAC2021, Campinas, SP, Brazil 12th International Particle Accelerator Conference , IPAC2021, Online conference, Brazil, 24 May 2021 - 28 May 2021; JACoW Publishing, Geneva, Switzerland 4 pages (2021). doi:10.18429/JACOW-IPAC2021-MOPAB205, The MYRRHA project aims at coupling a 600 MeV proton accelerator to a subcritical fission core operating at a thermal power of 60 MW. The nominal proton beam for this ADS has an intensity of 4 mA and is delivered in a quasi-CW mode. Phase 1 of the project will realize a 100 MeV, 4 mA superconducting linac with the mission of ensuring the ADS requirements in terms of reliability and fault tolerance. As part of the reliability optimization program the integrated prototyping of the MINERVA injector is ongoing. The front-end of the injector is composed of an ECR proton source, a 2.6 m long LEBT (low energy beam transport line) and a four-rod RFQ accelerating the beam to 1.5 MeV. The present contribution focuses on the current beam tests on the RFQ, including beam matching, RF conditioning, assessment of the cavities’ performances and accelerated beam characterisation., Published by JACoW Publishing, Geneva, Switzerland

Accelerator Driven Systems (ADS) is a concept using high power proton accelerators in energy production and nuclear waste transmutation. Amongst typical beam performance requirements, the operational reliability of the accelerator is exceptionally demanding. The advantages and challenges of different driver options, like cyclotrons and linacs, are evaluated and worldwide design studies are summarized. The MYRRHA design is based on a 600 MeV superconducting proton linac. The first stage towards its realization was recently approved to be constructed by SCK���CEN in Belgium. The 100 MeV linac will serve as technology demonstrator for MYRRHA as well as driver for independent two target stations, one for fusion material research and one for research and medical isotope production. MYRRHA in its final implementation is envisaged as an international collaboration., Proceedings of the 11th International Particle Accelerator Conference, IPAC2020, Caen, France

The MYRRHA Project (Multi-purpose hYbrid Research Reactor for High-tech Applications) in Mol, Belgium, is an upcoming accelerator driven system (ADS) for the transmutation of long-living radioactive waste. In the injector section of the accelerator, consisting of a 4-rod RFQ and a normal conducting CH-cavity section, the protons will be accelerated up to 17 MeV before entering the superconducting gap-spoke cavity section with an output energy of 600 MeV. A shortened test-injector with an output energy of 5.9 MeV is currently being installed at the SCK. CEN in Louvein-la- Neuve, Belgium. This test-injector serves the purpose of testing the reliability of the planned injector. When commissioning a cavity, it first has to be fed very little power to avoid damage to the structure by flashovers, discharges and multipacting. The power is then slowly increased up to full operation level. In this process, the surfaces are cleaned by heating/outgasing so that the effects disturbing operation described above do no longer occur. This paper will report on the status of the conditioning of the 176.1 MHz 4-rod RFQ up to 120 kW of the MYRRHA-injector and additional measurements concerning the gap voltage which are currently being performed at the SCK. CEN., Proceedings of the 10th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2019, Melbourne, Australia

An approach to a generic Data Acquisition (DAQ) solution for the MYRRHA test stand at Louvain-la-Neuve (Belgium) will be described in this paper. Need for better sampling performance, signal quality, arbitrary processing and storage of measurements was a motivation for this work. A full integration of the DAQ system in the global EPICS control environment was a strong requirement. An intermediate DAQ platform was put in place to satisfy the control and experiment needs. The NI PXI platform is selected to minimize integration and development effort. NI LabVIEW is used to create a generic DAQ application. CALab library supported by BESSY is used to connect LabVIEW and EPICS. CSS GUI provides the user with the necessary control, visualization and configuration capability. The technical and organizational approach to the collaboration will be detailed in the paper. Necessary customizations of CSS and CALab and experience on using NI PXI for DAQ platform will be explained., Proceedings of the 10th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2019, Melbourne, Australia

Proceedings of the North American Particle Accelerator Conference, NAPAC2019, Lansing, MI, USA North American Particle Accelerator Conference, NAPAC2019, Michigan, USA, 2 Sep 2019 - 6 Sep 2019; JACoW Publishing, Geneva, Switzerland 6 pages (2019). doi:10.18429/JACOW-NAPAC2019-THZBA2, The main objective of the MYRRHA project at SCK•CEN, the Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, is to demonstrate the feasibility of nuclear waste transmutation using an Accelerator Driven System (ADS). It is based on a High Power CW operated 600 MeV proton Linac with an average beam power of 2.4 MW. Due to the coupling of the accelerator with a subcritical reactor, a major concern is reliability and availability of the accelerator. The MYRRHA Linac consists of a room temperature 17 MeV Injector based on CH-cavities and the superconducting main Linac using different RF structures as Single Spokes, Double-Spokes and elliptical cavities. In 2017, it has been decided to stage the project and to start with the construction of a 100 MeV Linac (Injector and Single Spoke section) including a 400 kW proton target station. This facility (MINERVA) will be operational in 2026 aiming to evaluate the reliability potential of the 600 MeV Linac. The Front-End consisting of an ECR source, LEBT and 1.5 MeV RFQ is already operational while the first 7 CH-cavities are under construction. The presentation gives an overview about the MYRRHA Project, its challenges and the status of construction and testing., Published by JACoW Publishing, Geneva, Switzerland

The construction of the first phase of the MYRRHA project (MINERVA: 100 MeV-4 mA proton Linac) was recently decided by the Belgium Government. In the long term, the MYRRHA project plans to construct an ADS demonstrator for the transmutation of long-lived radioactive waste. It will include a subcritical reactor of 100 MW thermal power and a CW proton Linac accelerator (600 MeV-4 mA). The main challenge of this Linac is an extremely high reliability performance to limit stresses and long restart procedures of the reactor. The MINERVA Linac includes 30 cryomodules housing 60 Single-Spoke SC cavities. A cryomodule prototype with its valve box is under construction at IPNO institute. The cavities operate at 352 MHz in a superfluid Helium bath at 2K. Therefore, a reliable SC Linac Cryogenic System is essential. This article presents the preliminary studies in this subject including the analysis of high thermal loads induced by the CW mode operation of cavities (950 W@2 K per cryomodule). A Cryogenic Refrigerator with an equivalent power capacity of 2645 W @4.5 K (3970 W with 1.5 overcapacity factor) is proposed. The constrains for the He distribution in the Linac tunnel are also discussed., Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on RF Superconductivity, SRF2019, Dresden, Germany

International audience; The MYRRHA project borne by SCK•CEN, the Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, aims at realizing a pre-industrial Accelerator Driven System (ADS) for exploring the transmutation of long lived nuclear waste. The linac for this ADS will be a High Power Proton Accelerator delivering 2.4 MW CW beam at 600 MeV. It has to satisfy stringent requirements for reliability and availability: a beam-MTBF of 250h is targeted. The reliability goal is pursued through a phased approach. During Phase 1, expected till 2024, the MYRRHA linac up to 100 MeV will be constructed. It will allow to evaluate the reliability potential of the 600 MeV linac. It will also feed a Proton Target Facility in which radioisotopes of interest will be collected through an ISOL system. This contribution will focus on the transition to integrated prototyping, which will emphasize (i) a test platform consisting of the initial section of the normal conducting injector (5.9 MeV), (ii) the realization of a complete cryomodule for the superconducting linac and of its cryogenic valve box. The cryomodule will house two 352 MHz single spoke cavities operated at 2K.

MYRRHA ADS (Accelerator Driven System), the prototype of a nuclear reactor driven by a particle accelerator, is being realized through a staged approach. This paper will explore the Control System (CS) strategy for the current stage of the accelerator R&D, where the goal is injector for the energies up to 5.9 MeV. Accelerator components are being delivered within international semi-industrial partnerships. Currently the RFQ, MYRRHA's first RF structure, is being introduced. It will be followed by the first Medium Energy Beam Transport (MEBT1) and several normal-conducting CH cavities. As the portfolio and number of devices and systems grows there is increased push towards standardization of integration procedures, interfaces to system-wide services, configuration management. Several partners provide components with varying level of vertical integration. The responsibility of the Control System integrator is therefore shifting towards provision of integration guidelines, configuration and deployment of central services and management tools, training to the contributing developers, help with specifications and requirements, quality insurance and acceptance criteria., Proceedings of the 9th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2018, Vancouver, BC, Canada

The CWCT is a novel instrument adapted to an accurate average current determination of bunched CW beams or macro pulses. By combining a high-droop current transformer with novel electronics for signal analysis, an output signal bandwidth of DC to about 500kHz and a current resolution down to the micro-ampere level are achieved. Beam current fluctuations are followed within microseconds, permitting fast detection of beam loss. These characteristics render the CWCT an ideal instrument for HPPAs, for example ADS linacs, and other proton or ion accelerators. We present the CWCT principle and the CWCT performance achieved in beam experiments at UNILAC, GSI., Proceedings of the 29\textsuperscript{th} Linear Accelerator Conf., LINAC2018, Beijing, China

MYRRHA is an ADS demonstrator for the long-lived radioactive waste transmutation. It is composed of a High Energy CW Linac Accelerator (600 MeV - 4mA) coupled to a Subcritical Reactor of 100 MW thermal power. The main challenge of the Linac is a very high reliability performance to limit stress and long restart procedures of the reactor. Within the MYRRHA project phased approach for the construction, a 100 MeV-4 mA Linac (Injector up to 17 MeV and SC Linac between 17 MeV and 100 MeV) will be constructed in the Phase 1, covering 2016-2024. The SC Linac is composed of 58 Single-Spoke SC cavities, housed in 29 cryomodules. The cavities operates at 352 MHz, in a superfluid Helium bath at 2K. In this paper, the requirements for the Linac Cryogenic System are presented. The analysis of high thermal loads induced by the CW mode operation of cavities, leads to a Cryogenic Refrigerator with a power of 2700 W (equiv. power capacity at 4.5 K). Each cryomodule is connected through a dedicated Valve Box to the Helium transfer line running along the Linac tunnel. A description of the cryogenic system features and initial models of the tunnel and associated buildings are presented., Proceedings of the 9th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2018, Vancouver, BC, Canada

The MYRRHA project aims at coupling a cw 600 MeV, 4 mA proton linac with a sub-critical reactor as the very first prototype nuclear reactor to be driven by a particle accelerator (ADS). Among several applications, MYRRHA main objective is to demonstrate the principle of partitioning and transmutation (P&T) as a viable solution to drastically reduce the radiotoxicity of long-life nuclear waste. For this purpose, the linac needs an unprecedented level of reliability in terms of allowable beam trips. The normal conducting injector delivers 16.6 MeV protons to the superconducting main linac. The first section of the injector (up to 5.9 MeV) consists of an ECR source, a 4-Rod-RFQ and a rebunching line followed by 7 individual CH-type cavities. This entire section will be set up and operated by SCK·CEN in Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, for ample performance and reliability testing. The first CH cavity has been sent for power tests to IAP Frankfurt, Germany. The most recent status of all cavities, couplers and the beam diagnostics of the MYRRHA injector is presented in this paper., Proceedings of the 9th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2018, Vancouver, BC, Canada

The MYRRHA project aims at the construction of a new research reactor in Mol (Belgium) to demonstrate the nuclear waste transmutation feasibility with an Accelerator Driven System (ADS). In its subcritical configuration, the MYRRHA facility requires a proton beam with a maximum power of 2.4 MW (600 MeV - 4 mA). Such a continuous wave beam will be delivered by a superconducting linear accelerator (linac) which must fulfil very stringent reliability requirements to ensure the safe ADS operation with a high level of availability. The linac injector will be composed of: a proton source, a low energy beam transport line (LEBT), a 176 MHz RFQ and CH-DTL cavities. The LEBT prototype has been built and is presently installed and operated at LPSC Grenoble (France). An experimental program, to optimise the tuning of the line, the beam transport, and to study the space charge compensation mechanism, is in progress. We here review the main achievements of the LEBT commissioning. Experimental results will be presented and discussed, in particular the influence of the residual gas (type and pressure) on the beam dynamics., Proceedings of the 8th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2017, Copenhagen, Denmark

A collaboration of SCK•CEN, IAP and BEVATECH GmbH is currently constructing the room temperature CH section of the 16.6 MeV CW proton injector for the MYRRHA project. The elaboration of all the construction readiness files for the construction of the accelerating cavities of the first CH section (1.5 to 5.9 MeV) is ongoing. In parallel, the planning, development and fabrication of all further components of this accelerator section is in progress, while the full study for the remaining section is under preparation. This contribution is documenting the most recent status., Proceedings of the 8th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2017, Copenhagen, Denmark

The approach to the MYRRHA Control System (CS) development will be described. The effort, time and resources needed to develop the control systems are often underestimated by a significant factor. This brings unnecessary setbacks to the projects. Understanding CS requirements at an early machine conception stage is paramount for adequate CS design. Awareness of sheer project size and interdisciplinary complexity is imperative for successful project execution. In the first part of the paper the MYRRHA roadmap, milestones, status and its future needs will be presented with an emphasis on the phased approach leading to the 100 MeV program. The second part of the paper will give the status of the MYRRHA CS development within this phased approach. Best practices for coherent integration will be discussed. The CS should provide a flexible framework for the integration of devices. Interfaces and services need to be defined early in the integration process, and the number of different interfaces and platforms should be kept to a minimum. The implications of the choice of technologies and of SW development processes on the overall reliability and availability have to be established., Proceedings of the 8th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2017, Copenhagen, Denmark

A Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) is an essential part of linear accelerator (LINAC). It is situated at the very beginning of the accelerator and has three important functions: focusing, bunching and acceleration. The RFQ prepares the beam before its injection into the strong acceleration cavities and so it impacts the behaviour of the beam in the whole accelerator. Hence, it must be designed as reliable and efficient as possible. At the present time, the simulation of the electromagnetic fields and beam dynamics are carried out with some approximations in order to obtain a reasonable computation time. However, faster and more accurate solvers would first allow us to better understand the RFQ technology for high beam currents and second would potentially allow us to perform some numerical optimization. Our main objective is to develop a fast and accurate solver for the electromagnetic fields and for the beam dynamics. Our laboratory is specialized in fast methods for the electromagnetic fields simulation of antennas. Our solvers are based on the Method of Moments (MoM) in the frequency domain. This method could be applied as well for the electromagnetic fields simulation in accelerating cavities. One of the main advantages of the MoM in comparison to finite elements is that it requires only unknowns on the surface of the cavity. For high beam current, it would be very convenient to be able to calculate simultaneously the equations of motion and the Maxwell’s equations since the fields scattered due to the space charge can be as strong as the source fields. Such a simulation is so-called a self-consistent simulation.

A four-rod radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) contains four modulated rods kept in place by a number of stems and fixed within a resonating cavity. The position and the modulation of the rods determines the focusing and accelerating properties of the RFQ. The resonating field induces currents, and by that Joule losses, in the stems, rods and tuning plates. The temperature increase causes a mechanical deformation which may lead to a deteriorated performance of the RFQ. The temperature increase is kept small by cooling the rods and stems. A new layout of cooling channels has been proposed. The paper reports about coupled electromagnetic, fluid-dynamic, thermal and structural dynamic field simulations carried out for predicting the mechanical deformation of the stems and the rods. The results for the four-rod RFQ planned for the MYRRHA proton accelerator indicate a change of 47 μm of the distance between the rods when cooling water with a velocity of 3 m/s is applied., Proceedings of the 5th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2014, Dresden, Germany

The accelerator (ACC) is the first step of the accelerator driven system (ADS). A high power continuous wave ACC is required for ADS applications. An essential aspect of ACC is beam availability. It must be an order of magnitude better than current best systems. High availability is achieved by fault tolerance and redundancy of the ACC. Three factors play a key role here: use of components in a high MTBF regime, parallel and serial redundancy of components, ability to repair failing elements. In terms of ACC controls system (CS) EPICS and Linux is chosen as proven technology. High availability will be achieved through making parts of the CS redundant. Subsystems shall be redundant by design. If failure of a subsystem is detected, pre-defined scenarios should kick-in. System model or "virtual accelerator" can be implemented to predict effects of parameter change, determine required configuration of set points for optimal performance or re-configuration in case of sub-system failure. Implementation of predictive diagnostics can harvest large amount of data created by archiving service. Prediction of failure allows for controlled shutdown as opposed to abrupt stop., Proceedings of the 5th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2014, Dresden, Germany

The MYRRHA project currently under development at Mol, Belgium, is an Accelerator Driven System expected to be operational in 2023 with the primary purpose to study the feasibility of efficiently transmuting nuclear waste products into isotopes with much shorter lifetimes. The reactor, which is expected to have a thermal power of ~70 MW, may be operated in subcritical mode when fed by spallation neutrons obtained from a 600 MeV superconducting proton linac hitting a Liquid Pb-Bi eutectic (LBE) target with an average current of 4 mA. The challenging aspect of the MYRRHA linac resides in its very high availability (close to 100%) with a Mean Time Between Failure expected to be higher than 250 hours. This paper presents the strategic approach taken during the design of the linac and its foreseen operation to fulfill this stringent requirement. In particular we will describe the concept of a beam dynamics based control system also called Virtual Accelerator which will be mandatory for the operation of such linac., Proceedings of the 5th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2014, Dresden, Germany

The aim of this research is to improve the accuracy and the simulation time of solvers devoted to Radio Frequency Quadrupoles (RFQ). The Method of Moments is a full-wave method used to solve scattering problems. Its main advantage over FE or FDTD solvers is that unknowns are limited to the boundaries of the object. The resulting dense system of equations can be solved very rapidly with the help of domain-decomposition approaches (e.g. Macro Basis Functions*), especially when the level of detail is very fine compared to the wavelength, which is definitely the case for RFQ’s. Such a method however needs a first regularization method to overcome the low-frequency breakdown in order to compute the Macro Basis Functions. The respective field contributions of different parts of the global structure (e.g. rods vs. stems) can also easily be finely investigated. Numerical results will be presented based on the Myrrha RFQ. The low-frequency breakdown issue due to the very fine mesh will be discussed and a solution based on the so-called Loop-Tree** decomposition will be detailed., Proceedings of the 5th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2014, Dresden, Germany

The goal of the MYRRHA project is to demonstrate the technical feasibility of transmutation in a 100 MWth Accelerator Driven System by building a new flexible irradiation complex in Mol (Belgium). The MYRRHA facility requires a 600 MeV linear accelerator delivering a maximum proton flux of 4 mA in continuous operation, with an additional requirement for exceptional reliability. The control system of the future MYRRHA linac will have an essential role to play in this extreme reliability scenario. On the one hand the intrinsic reliability of the entire control system must be ensured. On the other hand control system will have to take up very high level duties of complex decision taking. This paper summarizes the ongoing developments for the concept design of such a control system. The related experimental activities performed and planned around the MYRRHA injector platform (ECR ion source + LEBT + RFQ) will also be described., Proceedings of the 7th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2016, Busan, Korea

The goal of the MYRRHA project is to demonstrate the technical feasibility of transmutation in a 100 MW Accelerator Driven System (ADS) by building a new flexible irradiation complex at Mol (Belgium). The MYRRHA facility requires a 600 MeV accelerator delivering a maximum proton current of 4 mA in continuous wave operation, with an additional requirement for exceptional reliability. Supported by SCK•CEN and the Belgian federal government the project has entered in its phase I: this includes the development and the construction of the linac first part, up to 100 MeV. We here review the MINERVA linac vacuum system modelling studies that enabled to validate the choice of materials and vacuum equipment. The strengths and weaknesses of the vacuum design, highlighted by the models, will be discussed as well as the required improvements., Proceedings of the 12th International Particle Accelerator Conference, IPAC2021, Campinas, SP, Brazil

The MYRRHA project borne by SCK•CEN, the Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, aims at realizing a pre-industrial Accelerator Driven System (ADS) for exploring the transmutation of long lived nuclear waste. The linac for this ADS will be a High Power Proton Accelerator delivering 2.4 MW CW beam at 600 MeV. It has to satisfy stringent requirements for reliability and availability: a beam-MTBF of 250h is targeted. The reliability goal is pursued through a phased approach. During Phase 1, expected till 2024, the MYRRHA linac up to 100 MeV will be constructed. It will allow to evaluate the reliability potential of the 600 MeV linac. It will also feed a Proton Target Facility in which radioisotopes of interest will be collected through an ISOL system. This contribution will focus on the transition to integrated prototyping, which will emphasize (i) a test platform consisting of the initial section of the normal conducting injector (5.9 MeV), (ii) the realization of a complete cryomodule for the superconducting linac and of its cryogenic valve box. The cryomodule will house two 352 MHz single spoke cavities operated at 2K., Proceedings of the 9th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2018, Vancouver, BC, Canada

Ac­cel­er­a­tor Driv­en Sys­tems (ADS) are promis­ing tools for the ef­fi­cient trans­mu­ta­tion of nu­cle­ar waste prod­ucts in ded­i­cat­ed in­dus­tri­al in­stal­la­tions, called trans­muters. The Myrrha pro­ject at Mol, Bel­gium, placed it­self on the path to­wards these ap­pli­ca­tions with a mul­ti­pur­pose and ver­sa­tile sys­tem based on a liq­uid PbBi (LBE) cooled fast re­ac­tor (80 MWth) which may be op­er­at­ed in both crit­i­cal and sub­crit­i­cal modes. In the lat­ter case the core is fed by spal­la­tion neu­trons ob­tained from a 600 MeV pro­ton beam hit­ting the LBE coolant/tar­get. The ac­cel­er­a­tor pro­vid­ing this beam is a high in­ten­si­ty CW su­per­con­duct­ing linac which is laid out for the high­est achiev­able re­li­a­bil­i­ty. The com­bi­na­tion of a par­al­lel re­dun­dant and of a fault tol­er­ant scheme should allow ob­tain­ing an MTBF value in ex­cess of 250 hours that is re­quired for op­ti­mal in­tegri­ty and suc­cess­ful op­er­a­tion of the ADS. Myrrha is ex­pect­ed to be op­er­a­tional in 2023. The forth­com­ing 4-year pe­ri­od is fully ded­i­cat­ed to R&D ac­tiv­i­ties, and in the field of the ac­cel­er­a­tor they are strong­ly fo­cused on the re­li­a­bil­i­ty as­pects and on the prop­er shap­ing of the beam trip spec­trum.