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Author(s): Cecilia Hvitfeldt Fuglsang, Lars Pedersen, Morten Schmidt, Jan P. Vandenbroucke, Hans Erik Bøtker, Henrik Toft Sørensen The first author's name is indexed incorrectly. The correct citation is: Fuglsang CH, [...]

Objective: To examine the combined impact of migraine and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on the risks of premature (persons aged ≤60 years) major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) based on a composite endpoint of fatal and non‐fatal myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. Background: Migraine and GDM are risk factors for cardiovascular disease. It is unknown how the combination of migraine and GDM may affect cardiovascular disease risk. Methods: In a Danish population‐based cohort longitudinal study, we established four cohorts among women with at least one pregnancy during 1996–2018: women with migraine, women with GDM, women with both migraine and GDM, and women free of migraine and free of GDM. Risks of premature MACCE and component endpoints were assessed for each cohort. Results: We included 1,307,456 women free of migraine and free of GDM, 56,811 women with migraine, 24,700 women with GDM, and 1484 women with migraine and GDM. The 20‐year absolute risk of MACCE was 1.3% (MI: 0.4%, ischemic stroke: 0.6%, hemorrhagic stroke: 0.3%) among women free of migraine and free of GDM, 2.3% (MI: 0.8%, ischemic stroke: 1.2%, hemorrhagic stroke: 0.5%) among women with migraine, 2.2% (MI: 1.0%, ischemic stroke: 1.0%, hemorrhagic stroke: 0.4%) among women with GDM, and 3.7% (MI: 1.7%, ischemic stroke: 1.7%, hemorrhagic stroke: 0.3%) among women with both migraine and GDM. The 20‐year adjusted hazard ratio of premature MACCE was 1.65 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.49–1.82) for women with migraine; 1.64 (95% CI 1.37–1.96) for women with GDM; and 2.35 (95% CI 1.03–5.36) for women with both GDM and migraine when compared with women free of migraine and free of GDM. Conclusions: Migraine and GDM were each independently associated with an increased risk of MACCE. Risk of premature MACCE was greatest among women with both migraine and GDM, although this risk estimate was imprecise. Plain Language Summary: Migraine and gestational diabetes are both risk factors for cardiovascular disease, but it is unknown how the combination of migraine and gestational diabetes affects cardiovascular disease risk. In this study, we found an increased risk of cardiovascular disease among women with migraine only and among women with gestational diabetes only. The risk of cardiovascular disease was greatest among women with both migraine and gestational diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Migraine carries risk of myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. The risk of premature MI (i.e., among young adults) and stroke differs between men and women; previous studies indicate that migraine is mainly associated with an increased risk of stroke among young women. The aim of this study was to examine impact of migraine on the risk of premature (age [less than or equal to]60 years) MI and ischemic/hemorrhagic stroke among men and women. Methods and findings Using Danish medical registries, we conducted a nationwide population-based cohort study (1996 to 2018). Redeemed prescriptions for migraine-specific medication were used to identify women with migraine (n = 179,680) and men with migraine (n = 40,757). These individuals were matched on sex, index year, and birth year 1:5 with a random sample of the general population who did not use migraine-specific medication. All individuals were required to be between 18 and 60 years old. Median age was 41.5 years for women and 40.3 years for men. The main outcome measures to assess impact of migraine were absolute risk differences (RDs) and hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of premature MI, ischemic, and hemorrhagic stroke, comparing individuals with migraine to migraine-free individuals of the same sex. HRs were adjusted for age, index year, and comorbidities. The RD of premature MI for those with migraine versus no migraine was 0.3% (95% CI [0.2%, 0.4%]; p < 0.001) for women and 0.3% (95% CI [-0.1%, 0.6%]; p = 0.061) for men. The adjusted HR was 1.22 (95% CI [1.14, 1.31]; p < 0.001) for women and 1.07 (95% CI [0.97, 1.17]; p = 0.164) for men. The RD of premature ischemic stroke for migraine versus no migraine was 0.3% (95% CI [0.2%, 0.4%]; p < 0.001) for women and 0.5% (95% CI [0.1%, 0.8%]; p < 0.001) for men. The adjusted HR was 1.21 (95% CI [1.13, 1.30]; p < 0.001) for women and 1.23 (95% CI [1.10, 1.38]; p < 0.001) for men. The RD of premature hemorrhagic stroke for migraine versus no migraine was 0.1% (95% CI [0.0%, 0.2%]; p = 0.011) for women and -0.1% (95% CI [-0.3%, 0.0%]; p = 0.176) for men. The adjusted HR was 1.13 (95% CI [1.02, 1.24]; p = 0.014) for women and 0.85 (95% CI [0.69, 1.05]; p = 0.131) for men. The main limitation of this study was the risk of misclassification of migraine, which could lead to underestimation of the impact of migraine on each outcome. Conclusions In this study, we observed that migraine was associated with similarly increased risk of premature ischemic stroke among men and women. For premature MI and hemorrhagic stroke, there may be an increased risk associated with migraine only among women., Author(s): Cecilia Hvitfeldt Fuglsang 1,*, Lars Pedersen 1, Morten Schmidt 1,2, Jan P. Vandenbroucke 1,3,4, Hans Erik Bøtker 2,5, Henrik Toft Sørensen 1 Introduction Migraine is a common headache disorder [...]

This paper is a summary of key presentations from a workshop in Iceland on May 3– 4, 2023 arranged by Aarhus University and with participation of the below-mentioned scientists. Below you will find the key messages from the presentations made by:Professor Jan Vandenbroucke, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Emeritus Professor, Leiden University; Honorary Professor, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, UKProfessor, Chair Henrik Toft Sørensen, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, DenmarkProfessor David H. Rehkopf, Director, the Stanford Center for Population Health Sciences, Stanford University, CA., USProfessor Jaimie Gradus, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USProfessor Johan Mackenbach, Emeritus Professor, Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Rotterdam, HollandProfessor, Chair M Maria Glymour, Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USProfessor, Dean Sandro Galea, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USProfessor Victor W. Henderson, Departments of Epidemiology & Population Health and of Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, US; Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, DK [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background To our knowledge, no publication providing overarching guidance on the conduct of systematic reviews of observational studies of etiology exists. Methods and findings Conducting Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of Observational Studies of Etiology (COSMOS-E) provides guidance on all steps in systematic reviews of observational studies of etiology, from shaping the research question, defining exposure and outcomes, to assessing the risk of bias and statistical analysis. The writing group included researchers experienced in meta-analyses and observational studies of etiology. Standard peer-review was performed. While the structure of systematic reviews of observational studies on etiology may be similar to that for systematic reviews of randomised controlled trials, there are specific tasks within each component that differ. Examples include assessment for confounding, selection bias, and information bias. In systematic reviews of observational studies of etiology, combining studies in meta-analysis may lead to more precise estimates, but such greater precision does not automatically remedy potential bias. Thorough exploration of sources of heterogeneity is key when assessing the validity of estimates and causality. Conclusion As many reviews of observational studies on etiology are being performed, this document may provide researchers with guidance on how to conduct and analyse such reviews., Author(s): Olaf M. Dekkers 1,2,3,*, Jan P. Vandenbroucke 1,3,4, Myriam Cevallos 5, Andrew G. Renehan 6, Douglas G. Altman 7, Matthias Egger 5,8 Introduction Systematic reviews aim to appraise and [...]