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A novel method for creating a dual band bandstop filter with a meandering architecture is presented. Proposed bandstop filter shows two notch bands, one at 5.6 to 7.2 GHz and the other at 8 to 11 GHz. The designed filters simulated on HFSS software and fabricated on FR-4 substrates, filter dimensions have been optimized using GA. Filter shows S11 of 1dB and S21 of -18 dB at notch frequency 6.4 GHz and S11 of 1.2dB and S21 of -38 dB at notch frequency 9 GHz. The suggested filter has two pass bands one is up to 5 GHz for wireless communication and another is from 7.4 to 7.9 GHz for C band applications.

PCML filter with five coupled lines is designed using mathematical calculations then the same PCML filter is optimized using GA for reduction in size and bandwidth enhancement. Optimized filter is compact and total size reduction is 37.66% after optimization and bandwidth enhancement after optimization is 84.3%. Both filters are useful for C band applications, wireless communication, satellite communication, cordless phones, surveillance, and weather monitoring using weather radar. The substrate used is FR4 epoxy with a dielectric constant 4.4 and thickness 1.6 mm.

Objectives: The aim is to design a Microstrip Patch Antenna (MSA) for enhancement of bandwidth and improved outcome for return loss. The approach for dimension decrease is also a parameter for designing of this antenna. Method: A shorted pin, coaxial feed, Microstrip Patch Antenna (MSA) is used for wireless communication. The patch with U type slot, cut at corner and also shorted by shorting pin is the design of an antenna. For good efficiency proposed antenna’s design parameters are optimized by HFSS’s Optometric. Findings: The proposed antenna has a wide band frequency ranged from 1.4 GHz to 4 GHz with Bandwidth of 210 MHz and 250 MHz return loss of-11.45db and -20.50dB respectively. In this design HFSS (High Frequency Structure Simulator) software is used which is a FEM based electromagnetic solver. The parameteric analysis of return loss, gain and bandwidth is done in an extended form in the proposed antenna design. Application: This design is suitable for the function in wireless communication system and also for fabrication proposes design is very simple.

Rectangular microstrip patch antenna is designed for cancer tumor detection in the multilayer brain phantom model. Computer simulation technology-Microwave Studio (CST-MWS) is used to designed and simulated a multilayer brain phantom model with five layers and proposed. Spherical-shaped tumor of radius 05 mm has been designed inside the multilayer brain phantom model. The microwave signal is transmitted into the brain by RMPA (Rectangular Microstrip patch Antenna) and reflected signal from the brain phantom model with and without tumor has been analyzed based on their performance parameter to detect the tumor. Multilayer brain phantom model without tumor is interfaced with ultra-wideband RMPA and reflected signal shows the reflection coefficient at two frequencies, i.e., 28.59 dB at 6.42 GHz and 41.22 dB at 7.69 GHz. The current density of the model without tumor and ultra-wideband RMPA is 2706 A/m2. The specific absorption rate of the model without tumor is 4.511e+06 W/m3. Now the multilayer brain phantom model with the tumor is interfaced with ultra-wideband RMPA and reflected signal from the brain shows the reflection coefficient at two frequencies 29.19 dB at 6.42 GHz and 44.42 dB at 7.68 GHz. The current density of the model has been observed with tumor and found to be 2758 A/m2 and the corresponding absorption rate is found to be 8.523e+06 W/m3. It is concluded that the increased value of current density and SAR and the declined value of the return loss with the proposed model detects the cancerous tumor.

In view of the unfavorable climate circumstances like the presence fog or overwhelming rain, computerized pictures are simply put through to a broad variety of assortment during acquisition, which may diminishes visual effect & affects post-processing of the picture. Pictures debased by mist adversely influence the class of vision-based physical security system. This prompts to accidents in air, on sea & on the road. In any case, for enhancing the picture appearance to a human viewer, or to change a picture to a format more suitable to machine processing, improving techniques ought to be utilized. After improvement is again re-established the improved picture via restoration techniques. Here, we enhance our image by applying propose method provide us better results when contrasted with base techniques. The output image is clearer in compare of base paper image and hollow effect is also reduced. In our propose algo in view of another, non-local prior. The algorithm depends on the suspicion that shades of a fog-free picture are well approximated via a pair of hundred particular colors that frame tight groups in RGB space. In this algorithm we use low pass filter & band pass filter for smoothing the image. Calculate the PSNR and Time., {"references":["1.\tMISS. MAYURI V. BADHE1 , PROF. PRABHAKAR L. RAMTEKE, \"A Survey on Haze Removal using Image Visibility Restoration Technique\". International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing. IJCSMC, Vol. 5, Issue. 2, February 2016","2.\tChhamman Sahu1, Rajkumar Sahu2, \"Comparative Study on Fusion Based Image Dehazing\". International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering. ISSN (Online) : 2278-1021 ISSN (Print) : 2319-5940, Vol. 3, Issue 6, June 2014","3.\tManpreet Kaur Saggu†* and Satbir Singh, \"A Review on Various Haze Removal Techniques for Image Processing\". International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology E-ISSN 2277 – 4106, P-ISSN 2347 – 5161 ©2015 INPRESSCO®, All Rights Reserved","4.\tKrishna Raj K R 1, Neena K A2, Pearlsy P V, \"SINGLE IMAGE DEHAZING – A REVIEW\". International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056, p-ISSN: 2395-0072. Volume: 04 Issue: 04 | Apr -2017","5.\tPoonam1 Dr.VK Banga2 Gurjit singh, \"A Review on Haze Removal Techniques\". International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 04 Issue: 08 | Aug -2017 ISSN: 2395-007","6.\tYin Gao, Yijing Su, Qiming Li, Jun Li*, \"Single Fog Image Restoration via Multi-scale Image Fusion\". 2017 3rd IEEE International Conference on Computer and Communications, 978-1-5090-6352-9/17/$31.00 ©2017 IEEE","7.\tZhigang Ling, Jianwei Gong, Guoliang Fan, Senior Member, IEEE, and Xiao Lu \"Optimal Transmission Estimation via Fog Density Perception for Efficient Single Image Defogging\" 1520-9210 (c) 2017 IEEE.","8.\tChangli Lii, Tanghuai Fan, Xiao Ma, Zhen Zhang Hongxin Wui, Lin Chen \"An Improved Image Defogging Method Based on Dark Channel Prior\" 2017 2nd International Conference on Image, Vision and Computing.","9.\tMd. Imtiyaz Anwar, Arun Khosla, and Gajendra Singh 'Visibility Enhancement with Single Image Fog Removal scheme using a Post-processing Technique'2017 4th International Conference on Signal Processing and Integrated Networks (SPIN)","Jaiveer Singh Sikarwar, Abhinav Vidwans \"Modified Dark Channel Prior Model and Gaussian Laplacian Filtering with Transmission Map For Fog Removal\" International Conference on Electrical, Electronics, and Optimization Techniques (ICEEOT) – 2016 978-1-4673-9939-5/16/$31.00 ©2016 IEEE."]}

In this article a monopole leaky wave antenna is proposed. This article describe comparative analysis of leaky wave antenna with monopole leaky wave antenna .The configuration of the proposed LWA contains two parts: the conventional open structure LWA, the added monopole connected to the end of the LWA on a reduce ground plane, Because of the open structure of the LWA, the reflected power produces a large back lobe radiated backwardly. By using the method of the added monopole connected to the end of the antenna, the remainder power could radiate through the added monopole without reflecting at the end. This paper uses a monopole antenna which can improve the return loss, reduce the back lobe of proposed antenna. . Above antenna has become interesting due to their simple shape and geometry. This antenna has been simulated on electromagnetic simulator computer simulation technology (CST)Microwave suit software and results are analyzed at frequency 2.76 GHz.

In this proposed design a Rectangular E shaped micro-strip patch antenna is present with rectangular and circular slot within the Rectangular patch which operate at frequency 2.4 GHz. By proposed antenna design and coaxial feeding at suitable place the resultant return loss, VSWR and bandwidth will be find out. For the propose microstrip antenna we have use FR-4 substrate which contain permittivity of 4.4 and thickness 1.5, loss tangent is 0.02. HFSS simulation software is used for designing and analysis.

In this paper Genetic Algorithm based optimization technique has been utilized in HFSS software for optimization of the patch antenna dimensions in order to achieve better return loss and height directivity. Micro-strip patch antenna is one of the important elements in modern wireless communication systems and hence its design optimization is an important aspect for improving the overall performance of the system. The microstrip patch antenna is designed to operate in S band with the frequency of 2.4GHz and various important performance metrics of the patch antenna are analyzed.