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Copyright of Transformations in Business & Economics is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article presents the main changes that have occurred in key areas of the economy (hospitality, education, culture) severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. In parallel, the answers of the main economic agents, the governments, but also the challenges to which we have to find solutions in the future are highlighted. Representing a review of the specialized literature published in the period 2020-2021, after the onset of the pandemic and the implementation of measures to limit its spread, this article captures the specific challenges that each of these three areas must face and it identifies the possible public policies which can be applied in the immediate and future perspective in order to improve the situation of these economic sectors, in particular, and the economy as a whole, in general. The article highlights the role of the Fourth Industrial Revolution in finding appropriate answers to how economic development will take place in the future so that it may become safer, more sustainable, and more inclusive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Transformations in Business & Economics is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Transformations in Business & Economics is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

MSP is a relatively recent instrument to implement an efficient and integrated management of coastal areas and maritime space in order to reduce, as far as possible, the existing or potential conflicts between the economic development and environmental preservation activities. MSP provides to both public authorities and other economic agents a methodology that allows the coordination, in an efficient and sustainable manner, of all activities to optimize the use of natural resources. Implementing the European Directive no. 2014/89/EU represents for Romania as well, as a EU member country, a commandment. Therefore, Romania is required to conceive and implement a set of measures and tools that allow the identification of correct answers to the key issues arising from the necessity of preserving this vital balance between the economic development and environmental damage. Romania is in the process of drafting and approving the legislation needed to support the implementation of the European Directive. To this end it has been initiated and implemented an EU-funded project called "Cross-Border Maritime Spatial Plan for the Black Sea - Romania, Bulgaria" (MARSPLAN-BS) which establishes the scientific and methodological basis of MSP in the Black Sea area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Transformations in Business & Economics is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The accession to the European Union for Central and Eastern Europe countries involved their requirement to start the process of the European Monetary Union integration. The desire to enjoy the benefits of EU membership has made both the 10 countries that joined EU in 2004 and Romania and Bulgaria which became EU member in 2007 to engage on the path to join the European single currency endeavoring to meet not only the nominal convergence criteria but also real convergence. This paper makes an analysis of the Romania's capacity to achieve the nominal convergence criteria in the current context. The change of the financial and economic conditions due to the crisis that spread worldwide during 2007 - 2008 changed the issue from "Romania can fulfill the nominal convergence criteria?" in "Is it advisable for Romania to adopt the Euro, given the uncertainty clouds over the currency's future?" The analysis is made by considering the comparative situation of other countries that are in the process of joining the single currency. The objective of the research undertaken in this paper is to investigate Romania's capacity to approach the nominal convergence criteria and so realistic goal of joining the Euro it is. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motions of censure are an important tool used by the legislature to exert control over the executive. Censure motions by the opposition focus on essential national issues, the government's inability to rule its country, as well as problems deemed highly important by the opposition. Regarding the effects of censure motions, few were effectively implemented or led to the government's demise, as many functioned only as the opposition's alarm signals about what they consider to be some gravely skidding off course. Thus the public attention is gained and the opposition has the opportunity to express its viewpoints. This paper focuses on the contributions of the motions of censure read, discussed and passed in the Romanian parliament, to shaping Romanian economic policy between 1990 and 2012. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses various topics within the issue including strengthening business resilience through dynamic management, analysis of customer satisfaction and digital transformation in financial services.