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6. Interpenetrating Liquid Crystal Elastomer and Ionogel as Tunable Electroactive Actuators and Sensors.

Author

Deng, Yakui, Liu, Gaoyu, Brûlet, Annie, Nguyen, Giao T. M., Dudzinski, Daniel, Vidal, Frédéric, Plesse, Cédric, Vancaeyzeele, Cédric, and Li, Min‐Hui

Subjects
POLYMER networks, YOUNG'S modulus, LIQUID crystals, CONDUCTING polymers, SOFT robotics
Abstract

Electroactive liquid crystal elastomers (eLCEs) are used to make actuators and soft robotics. However, most eLCEs are monofunctional with one type of deformation (bending or contraction). Recently, a trilayer eLCE are reported by combining ion‐conducting LCE and ionic electroactive polymer device (i‐EAD). This i‐EAD‐LCE is bifunctional and performs either bending or contractile deformation by controlling low‐voltage stimulation. Nevertheless, it has a Young's modulus of only 1.63 MPa. To improve the mechanical performance, the i‐EAD‐IPN‐LCE is prepared here, whose central membrane is composed of interpenetrating LCE and ionogel (i‐IPN‐LCE) instead of a single ion‐conducting LCE. This i‐EAD‐IPN‐LCE with a typical thickness of 0.5 mm can function not only as linear and bending actuators, but also as a sensor. As a linear actuator, its Young's modulus, actuation stress, and strain are 51.6 MPa, 0.14 MPa and 9%, respectively, reaching skeletal muscles' values. As a bending actuator, its bending strain difference Δε is 1.18% with 3 mN output force. It can also operate as a sensor producing 0.4 mV Open‐Circuit‐Voltage to respond to bending deformation (Δε = 9%). Therefore, this i‐EAD‐IPN‐LCE is a promising system for the fabrication of robust electroactive devices and sensors with multiple degrees of freedom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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9. Contributors

Author

Abodunrin, Temitope Olabisi, primary, Achumi, Abel G., additional, Adegoke, Kayode Adesina, additional, Adegoke, Rhoda Oyeladun, additional, Ahmed, Waqar, additional, Ajmal, Saira, additional, Akinnawo, Solomon Oluwaseun, additional, Almáši, Miroslav, additional, Angelara, Christina, additional, Archana, K., additional, Argirusis, Nikolaos, additional, Argirusis, Christos, additional, Arya, Satyajeet, additional, Asif, A., additional, Asif, Hafiz Muhammad, additional, Aubert, Pierre-Henri, additional, Balo, Figen, additional, Bankole, Deborah Temitope, additional, Beere, Hemanth Kumar, additional, Bello, Olugbenga Solomon, additional, Bhakar, Kaushalya, additional, Brett, Dan J.L., additional, Bu, Xian-He, additional, Chaudhary, Vikas, additional, Chen, Aibing, additional, Cheng, Mingren, additional, Deep, Akash, additional, Egharevba, Godshelp Osas, additional, Fındık, Fehim, additional, Ganesan, Vellaichamy, additional, Ghosh, Debasis, additional, Golobostanfard, Mohammad Reza, additional, Gupta, Ram K., additional, Gupta, Rupali, additional, Hayati, Payam, additional, He, Guanjie, additional, Ibraheem, Shumaila, additional, Ibrahim, Sehrish, additional, Ingsel, Tenzin, additional, Jose, Donpaul, additional, Kanellou, Eirini, additional, Kang, Liqun, additional, Karantonis, Antonis, additional, Khan, Muhammad Ali, additional, Koner, Subratanath, additional, Kong, Lingjun, additional, Kumar, Anuj, additional, Kumar, Dinesh, additional, Kumar, Parveen, additional, Lakhera, Praveen, additional, Larsen, Randy W., additional, Lavillunière, Hugo, additional, Liu, Yiyang, additional, Liu, Jianqiang, additional, Liu, Xinying, additional, Lu, Xu, additional, Magnuson, Zachary L., additional, Mahmoudi, Ghodrat, additional, Maitra, S., additional, Maxakato, Nobanathi Wendy, additional, Mayers, Jacob M., additional, Mechili, Maria, additional, Mitra, R., additional, Nataraj, Sanna Kotrappanavar, additional, Nath, T.K., additional, Nemiwal, Meena, additional, Nguyen, Tuan Anh, additional, Oladeji, Solomon Oluwole, additional, Oladipo, Adetola Christianah, additional, Otun, Kabir O., additional, Ozer, Demet, additional, Pamei, Mala, additional, Pan, Ying, additional, Pandis, Pavlos K., additional, Pham-Truong, Thuan-Nguyen, additional, Pourshaban, Erfan, additional, Puttaswamy, Rangaswamy, additional, Puzari, Amrit, additional, Rajpurohit, Naresh A., additional, Ramaraj, Ramasamy, additional, Saini, Isha, additional, Salama, Ahmed M., additional, Shakoor, Zainab, additional, Sharafi-Badr, Paria, additional, Shearing, Paul R., additional, Singh, Vinamrita, additional, Sourkouni, Georgia, additional, Sua, Lutfu S., additional, Sujith, R., additional, Tabish, Mohammad, additional, Çakar, Soner, additional, Tunca, Ege Tini, additional, Özacar, Mahmut, additional, Vaitsis, Christos, additional, Vancaeyzeele, Cédric, additional, Xaba, Morena S., additional, Yadav, Dharmendra Kumar, additional, Yadav, Prahlad, additional, Yasin, Ghulam, additional, Zhou, Luyi, additional, Zhu, Jian, additional, Zong, Shuang, additional, and Zorpas, Antonis A., additional

Published
2022
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25. Electrochemically Driven Yarn and Textile Actuators

Author

Jager, Edwin W.H., primary, Mehraeen, Shayan, additional, Melling, Daniel, additional, Martinez, Jose, additional, Backe, Carin, additional, Guo, Li, additional, Persson, Nils-Krister, additional, Vancaeyzeele, Cédric, additional, Nguyen, Giao T. M., additional, Vidal, Frédéric, additional, and Plesse, Cédric, additional

Published
2022
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30. Ionofibers: Ionically Conductive Textile Fibers for Conformal i-Textiles

Author

Huniade, Claude, Melling, Daniel, Vancaeyzeele, Cédric, Nguyen, Tran-Minh Giao, Vidal, Frédéric, Plesse, Cédric, Jager, Edwin W. H., Bashir, Tariq, Persson, Nils-Krister, Huniade, Claude, Melling, Daniel, Vancaeyzeele, Cédric, Nguyen, Tran-Minh Giao, Vidal, Frédéric, Plesse, Cédric, Jager, Edwin W. H., Bashir, Tariq, and Persson, Nils-Krister

Abstract

With the rise of ion-based devices using soft ionic conductors, ionotronics show the importance of matching electronic and biological interfaces. Since textiles are conformal, an essential property for matching interfaces, light-weight and comfortable, they present as an ideal candidate for a new generation of ionotronics, i-textiles. As fibers are the building blocks of textiles, ionically conductive fibers, named ionofibers, are needed. However, ionofibers are not yet demonstrated to fulfill the fabric manufacturing requirements such as mechanical robustness and upscaled production. Considering that ionogels are known to be conformal films with high ionic conductivity, ionofibers are produced from commercial core yarns with specifically designed ionogel precursor solution via a continuous dip-coating process. These ionofibers are to be regarded as composites, which keep the morphology and improve the mechanical properties from the core yarns while adding the (ionic) conductive function. They keep their conductivity also after their integration into conformal fabrics; thus, an upscaled production is a likely outlook. The findings offer promising perspectives for i-textiles with enhanced textile properties and in-air electrochemical applications., WEAFING

Published
2022
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34. 3D‐Printed Stacked Ionic Assemblies for Iontronic Touch Sensors.

Author

Odent, Jérémy, Baleine, Nicolas, Biard, Valentin, Dobashi, Yuta, Vancaeyzeele, Cédric, Nguyen, Giao T. M., Madden, John D. W., Plesse, Cédric, and Raquez, Jean‐Marie

Subjects
TACTILE sensors, OBJECT recognition (Computer vision), RECOGNITION (Psychology), THREE-dimensional printing, PHYSICAL contact
Abstract

Sensing is the process of detecting and monitoring any physico‐chemical environmental parameters. Herein, new self‐powered iontronic sensors, which utilize touch‐induced ionic charge separation in ionically conductive hydrogels, are introduced for potential use in object mapping, recognition, and localization. This is accomplished using high‐resolution stereolithography (SLA) 3D printing of stacked ionic assemblies consisting of discrete compartments having different ion transport properties. The latter assemblies readily allow programming the output voltage magnitude and polarity by means of variations in ion type, charge density, and cross‐linking density within the iontronic device. Voltages of up to 70 mV are generated on application of compressive strains of as much as 50% (≈22.5 kPa), with the magnitude directly proportional to stress, and the polarity dependent on the sign of the mobile ion. As a proof‐of‐concept demonstration, the resulting touch sensors are integrated on the fingertip to enable the tactile feedback, mimicking the tactile perception of objects for recognition applications. In addition, it is proposed that streaming potential is the underlying mechanism behind the iontronic touch sensors. The electromechanical response is therein consistent with a streaming potential model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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44. Electroactive 4D Porous Scaffold Based on Conducting Polymer as a Responsive and Dynamic In VitroCell Culture Platform

Author

Hahn, Franziska, Ferrandez-Montero, Ana, Queri, Mélodie, Vancaeyzeele, Cédric, Plesse, Cédric, Agniel, Rémy, and Leroy-Dudal, Johanne

Abstract

In vivo, cells reside in a 3D porous and dynamic microenvironment. It provides biochemical and biophysical cues that regulate cell behavior in physiological and pathological processes. In the context of fundamental cell biology research, tissue engineering, and cell-based drug screening systems, a challenge is to develop relevant in vitromodels that could integrate the dynamic properties of the cell microenvironment. Taking advantage of the promising high internal phase emulsion templating, we here designed a polyHIPE scaffold with a wide interconnected porosity and functionalized its internal 3D surface with a thin layer of electroactive conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) to turn it into a 4D electroresponsive scaffold. The resulting scaffold was cytocompatible with fibroblasts, supported cellular infiltration, and hosted cells, which display a 3D spreading morphology. It demonstrated robust actuation in ion- and protein-rich complex culture media, and its electroresponsiveness was not altered by fibroblast colonization. Thanks to customized electrochemical stimulation setups, the electromechanical response of the polyHIPE/PEDOT scaffolds was characterized in situunder a confocal microscope and showed 10% reversible volume variations. Finally, the setups were used to monitor in real time and in situfibroblasts cultured into the polyHIPE/PEDOT scaffold during several cycles of electromechanical stimuli. Thus, we demonstrated the proof of concept of this tunable scaffold as a tool for future 4D cell culture and mechanobiology studies.

Published
2024
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