1. ALMA SURVEY of LUPUS PROTOPLANETARY DISKS. I. DUST and GAS MASSES
- Author
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Ansdell, M, Williams, JP, Marel, NVD, Carpenter, JM, Guidi, G, Hogerheijde, M, Mathews, GS, Manara, CF, Miotello, A, Natta, A, Oliveira, I, Tazzari, M, Testi, L, Van Dishoeck, EF, and Van Terwisga, SE
- Subjects
stars: formation ,stars: protostars ,13. Climate action ,protoplanetary disks ,stars: late-type ,planets and satellites: formation ,circumstellar matter - Abstract
We present the first high-resolution sub-mm survey of both dust and gas for a large population of protoplanetary disks. Characterizing fundamental properties of protoplanetary disks on a statistical level is critical to understanding how disks evolve into the diverse exoplanet population. We use ALMA to survey 89 protoplanetary disks around stars with $M_{\ast}>0.1~M_{\odot}$ in the young (1--3~Myr), nearby (150--200~pc) Lupus complex. Our observations cover the 890~$\mu$m continuum and the $^{13}$CO and C$^{18}$O 3--2 lines. We use the sub-mm continuum to constrain $M_{\rm dust}$ to a few Martian masses (0.2--0.4~$M_{\oplus}$) and the CO isotopologue lines to constrain $M_{\rm gas}$ to roughly a Jupiter mass (assuming ISM-like $\rm {[CO]/[H_2]}$ abundance). Of 89 sources, we detect 62 in continuum, 36 in $^{13}$CO, and 11 in C$^{18}$O at $>3\sigma$ significance. Stacking individually undetected sources limits their average dust mass to $\lesssim6$ Lunar masses (0.03~$M_{\oplus}$), indicating rapid evolution once disk clearing begins. We find a positive correlation between $M_{\rm dust}$ and $M_{\ast}$, and present the first evidence for a positive correlation between $M_{\rm gas}$ and $M_{\ast}$, which may explain the dependence of giant planet frequency on host star mass. The mean dust mass in Lupus is 3$\times$ higher than in Upper Sco, while the dust mass distributions in Lupus and Taurus are statistically indistinguishable. Most detected disks have $M_{\rm gas}\lesssim1~M_{\rm Jup}$ and gas-to-dust ratios $