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The current study assessed the effect of mitral regurgitation (MR) on thrombotic risk in nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation (AF). AF carries a thrombotic risk related to left atrial blood stasis. The prevalence of atrial thrombosis, defined as the presence of left atrial appendage thrombus and/or left atrial spontaneous echo contrast grade >2, was determined in 686 consecutive nonrheumatic AF patients without (adequate) anticoagulation scheduled for transesophageal echocardiography before electrical cardioversion and was related to the severity of MR adjusted for the CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc score. A total of 103 (15%) patients had severe MR, 210 (31%) had moderate MR, and 373 (54%) had no-mild MR; the median CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc score was 3.0 (interquartile range 2.0 to 4.0). Atrial thrombosis was observed in 118 patients (17%). The prevalence of atrial thrombosis decreased with increasing MR severity: 19.9% versus 15.2% versus 11.6% for no-mild, moderate, and severe MR, respectively (p value for trend = 0.03). Patients with moderate and severe MR had a lower risk of atrial thrombosis than patients with no-mild MR, with adjusted odds ratios of 0.51 (95% confidence interval 0.31 to 0.84) and 0.24 (95% confidence interval 0.11 to 0.49), respectively. The protective effect of MR was present across all levels of the CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc risk score and the presence of moderate-severe MR in patients with an intermediate CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc score (2 to 3) lowered the atrial thrombotic risk to the level of patients with a low CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc score (0 to 1). In conclusion, our data show that the presence of MR attenuated the atrial thrombotic risk by more than 50% in patients with nonrheumatic AF., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Sclerosing pneumocytomas are rare, benign pulmonary neoplasms that predominantly affect Asian female patients in the age category of 40-70 years, mostly non-smokers. We report on a 72-year-old Caucasian woman with chondrosarcoma of the hand who developed multiple bilateral progressive lung nodules suspicious of lung metastases. Staged lung resections were performed, and pathological diagnosis was confirmed by immunohistochemical analysis of the resected specimens. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was used to detect gene mutations. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated sclerosing pneumocytomas, and NGS showed an IDH1 mutation. Eventually, the patient developed lung metastases for which rethoracotomy was performed. The differentiation of sclerosing pneumocytoma from lung cancer is a diagnostic challenge, and sclerosing pneumocytoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary nodules. Gene mutation analysis does not always show classical and common mutations, which should be kept in mind when interpreting its results., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© BMJ Publishing Group Limited 2021. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)