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11. Publisher Correction: Past and future spread of the arbovirus vectors Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus

Author

Kraemer, Moritz UG, Reiner, Robert C, Brady, Oliver J, Messina, Jane P, Gilbert, Marius, Pigott, David M, Yi, Dingdong, Johnson, Kimberly, Earl, Lucas, Marczak, Laurie B, Shirude, Shreya, Weaver, Nicole Davis, Bisanzio, Donal, Perkins, T Alex, Lai, Shengjie, Lu, Xin, Jones, Peter, Coelho, Giovanini E, Carvalho, Roberta G, Van Bortel, Wim, Marsboom, Cedric, Hendrickx, Guy, Schaffner, Francis, Moore, Chester G, Nax, Heinrich H, Bengtsson, Linus, Wetter, Erik, Tatem, Andrew J, Brownstein, John S, Smith, David L, Lambrechts, Louis, Cauchemez, Simon, Linard, Catherine, Faria, Nuno R, Pybus, Oliver G, Scott, Thomas W, Liu, Qiyong, Yu, Hongjie, Wint, GR William, Hay, Simon I, and Golding, Nick

Subjects
Microbiology, Biological Sciences, Prevention, Good Health and Well Being, Medical Microbiology
Abstract

In the version of this Article originally published, the affiliation for author Catherine Linard was incorrectly stated as '6Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK'. The correct affiliation is '9Spatial Epidemiology Lab (SpELL), Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium'. The affiliation for author Hongjie Yu was also incorrectly stated as '11Department of Statistics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA'. The correct affiliation is '15School of Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China'. This has now been amended in all versions of the Article.

Published
2019

12. Past and future spread of the arbovirus vectors Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus

Author

Kraemer, Moritz UG, Reiner, Robert C, Brady, Oliver J, Messina, Jane P, Gilbert, Marius, Pigott, David M, Yi, Dingdong, Johnson, Kimberly, Earl, Lucas, Marczak, Laurie B, Shirude, Shreya, Davis Weaver, Nicole, Bisanzio, Donal, Perkins, T Alex, Lai, Shengjie, Lu, Xin, Jones, Peter, Coelho, Giovanini E, Carvalho, Roberta G, Van Bortel, Wim, Marsboom, Cedric, Hendrickx, Guy, Schaffner, Francis, Moore, Chester G, Nax, Heinrich H, Bengtsson, Linus, Wetter, Erik, Tatem, Andrew J, Brownstein, John S, Smith, David L, Lambrechts, Louis, Cauchemez, Simon, Linard, Catherine, Faria, Nuno R, Pybus, Oliver G, Scott, Thomas W, Liu, Qiyong, Yu, Hongjie, Wint, GR William, Hay, Simon I, and Golding, Nick

Subjects
Microbiology, Biological Sciences, Rare Diseases, Vaccine Related, Prevention, Infectious Diseases, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Biodefense, Vector-Borne Diseases, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, Aedes, Animals, Arbovirus Infections, Arboviruses, Female, Humans, Mosquito Vectors, Medical Microbiology
Abstract

The global population at risk from mosquito-borne diseases-including dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya and Zika-is expanding in concert with changes in the distribution of two key vectors: Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. The distribution of these species is largely driven by both human movement and the presence of suitable climate. Using statistical mapping techniques, we show that human movement patterns explain the spread of both species in Europe and the United States following their introduction. We find that the spread of Ae. aegypti is characterized by long distance importations, while Ae. albopictus has expanded more along the fringes of its distribution. We describe these processes and predict the future distributions of both species in response to accelerating urbanization, connectivity and climate change. Global surveillance and control efforts that aim to mitigate the spread of chikungunya, dengue, yellow fever and Zika viruses must consider the so far unabated spread of these mosquitos. Our maps and predictions offer an opportunity to strategically target surveillance and control programmes and thereby augment efforts to reduce arbovirus burden in human populations globally.

Published
2019

16. Population genetic structure of the Asian bush mosquito, Aedes japonicus (Diptera, Culicidae), in Belgium suggests multiple introductions

Author

Smitz, Nathalie, De Wolf, Katrien, Deblauwe, Isra, Kampen, Helge, Schaffner, Francis, De Witte, Jacobus, Schneider, Anna, Verlé, Ingrid, Vanslembrouck, Adwine, Dekoninck, Wouter, Meganck, Kenny, Gombeer, Sophie, Vanderheyden, Ann, De Meyer, Marc, Backeljau, Thierry, Werner, Doreen, Müller, Ruth, and Van Bortel, Wim

Published
2021
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18. The global distribution of the arbovirus vectors Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus.

Author

Kraemer, Moritz UG, Sinka, Marianne E, Duda, Kirsten A, Mylne, Adrian QN, Shearer, Freya M, Barker, Christopher M, Moore, Chester G, Carvalho, Roberta G, Coelho, Giovanini E, Van Bortel, Wim, Hendrickx, Guy, Schaffner, Francis, Elyazar, Iqbal RF, Teng, Hwa-Jen, Brady, Oliver J, Messina, Jane P, Pigott, David M, Scott, Thomas W, Smith, David L, Wint, GR William, Golding, Nick, and Hay, Simon I

Subjects
Animals, Humans, Aedes, Arbovirus Infections, Insect Vectors, Phylogeography, Global Health, Ae. aegypti, Ae. albopictus, ecology, epidemiology, global health, Biochemistry and Cell Biology
Abstract

Dengue and chikungunya are increasing global public health concerns due to their rapid geographical spread and increasing disease burden. Knowledge of the contemporary distribution of their shared vectors, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus remains incomplete and is complicated by an ongoing range expansion fuelled by increased global trade and travel. Mapping the global distribution of these vectors and the geographical determinants of their ranges is essential for public health planning. Here we compile the largest contemporary database for both species and pair it with relevant environmental variables predicting their global distribution. We show Aedes distributions to be the widest ever recorded; now extensive in all continents, including North America and Europe. These maps will help define the spatial limits of current autochthonous transmission of dengue and chikungunya viruses. It is only with this kind of rigorous entomological baseline that we can hope to project future health impacts of these viruses.

Published
2015

19. The global compendium of Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus occurrence

Author

Kraemer, Moritz UG, Sinka, Marianne E, Duda, Kirsten A, Mylne, Adrian, Shearer, Freya M, Brady, Oliver J, Messina, Jane P, Barker, Christopher M, Moore, Chester G, Carvalho, Roberta G, Coelho, Giovanini E, Van Bortel, Wim, Hendrickx, Guy, Schaffner, Francis, Wint, GR William, Elyazar, Iqbal RF, Teng, Hwa-Jen, and Hay, Simon I

Subjects
Prevention, Vaccine Related, Vector-Borne Diseases, Infectious Diseases, Biodefense, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Good Health and Well Being, Aedes, Animals, Chikungunya virus, Databases, Factual, Dengue, Dengue Virus, Humans, Insect Vectors
Abstract

Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus are the main vectors transmitting dengue and chikungunya viruses. Despite being pathogens of global public health importance, knowledge of their vectors' global distribution remains patchy and sparse. A global geographic database of known occurrences of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus between 1960 and 2014 was compiled. Herein we present the database, which comprises occurrence data linked to point or polygon locations, derived from peer-reviewed literature and unpublished studies including national entomological surveys and expert networks. We describe all data collection processes, as well as geo-positioning methods, database management and quality-control procedures. This is the first comprehensive global database of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus occurrence, consisting of 19,930 and 22,137 geo-positioned occurrence records respectively. Both datasets can be used for a variety of mapping and spatial analyses of the vectors and, by inference, the diseases they transmit.

Published
2015

20. VectorNet: collaborative mapping of arthropod disease vectors in Europe and surrounding areas since 2010

Author

Wint, G.R. William, primary, Balenghien, Thomas, additional, Berriatua, Eduardo, additional, Braks, Marieta, additional, Marsboom, Cedric, additional, Medlock, Jolyon, additional, Schaffner, Francis, additional, Van Bortel, Wim, additional, Alexander, Neil, additional, Alten, Bulent, additional, Czwienczek, Ewelina, additional, Dhollander, Sofie, additional, Ducheyne, Els, additional, Gossner, Celine M., additional, Hansford, Kayleigh, additional, Hendrickx, Guy, additional, Honrubia, Hector, additional, Matheussen, Tom, additional, Mihalca, Andrei Daniel, additional, Petric, Dusan, additional, Richardson, Jane, additional, Sprong, Hein, additional, Versteirt, Veerle, additional, and Briet, Olivier, additional

Published
2023
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22. Genetic Spatiotemporal Anatomy of Plasmodium vivax Malaria Episodes in Greece, 2009-2013

Author

Spanakos, Gregory, Snounou, Georges, Pervanidou, Danai, Alifrangis, Michael, Rosanas-Urgell, Anna, Baka, Agoritsa, Tseroni, Maria, Vakali, Annita, Vassalou, Evdokia, Patsoula, Eleni, Zeller, Herve, Van Bortel, Wim, and Hadjichristodoulou, Christos

Subjects
Genetic research -- Analysis -- Health aspects, Infection -- Genetic aspects -- Analysis -- Health aspects, Malaria -- Genetic aspects -- Analysis -- Health aspects, Health
Abstract

The global strategies for malaria control and elimination have led to substantial decreases in malaria incidence worldwide (1). In countries outside of Africa, Plasmodium vivax often predominates, making this species [...]

Published
2018
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25. Additional file 1 of Malaria among children under 10 years in 4 endemic health areas in Kisantu Health Zone: epidemiology and transmission

Author

Ilombe, Gillon, Matangila, Junior Rika, Lulebo, Aimee, Mutombo, Paulin, Linsuke, Sylvie, Maketa, Vivi, Mabanzila, Baby, Wat’senga, Francis, Van Bortel, Wim, Fiacre, Agossa, Irish, Seth R., Lutumba, Pascal, and Van Geertruyden, Jean-Pierre

Abstract

Additional file 1. Figure S4. Mapping of distribution of Anopheles species in Kisantu Health Zone, Kongo-Central Province. Table S6. Human biting rate was determined from human landing collections in the different villages in Kisantu only An. gambiae sl and funestus sl. Table S7. Study sites and their epidemiological stratum in Kisantu Health Zone, Kongo-Central Province.

Published
2023
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26. VectorNet: Collaborative mapping of arthropod disease vectors in Europe and surrounding areas since 2010

Author

Wint, William, Balenghien, Thomas, Berriatua, Eduardo, Braks, Marieta, Marsboom, Cedric, Medlock, Jolyon, Schaffner, Francis, Van Bortel, Wim, Alexander, Neil, Alten, Bulent, Czwienczek, Ewelina, Dhollander, Sofie, Ducheyne, Els, Gossner, Céline M., Hansford, Kayleigh M., Hendrickx, Guy, Honrubia, Hector, Matheussen, Tom, Mihalca, Andrei Daniel, Petric, Dusan, Richardson, Jane, Sprong, Hein, Versteirt, Veerle, and Briët, Olivier

Abstract

Background: Arthropod vectors such as ticks, mosqui- toes, sandflies and biting midges are of public and vet- erinary health significance because of the pathogens they can transmit. Understanding their distributions is a key means of assessing risk. VectorNet maps their distribution in the EU and surrounding areas. Aim: We aim to describe the methodology underlying VectorNet maps, encourage standardisation and eval- uate output. Methods: Vector distribution and surveillance activity data have been collected since 2010 from a combina- tion of literature searches, field-survey data by ento- mologist volunteers via a network facilitated for each participating country and expert validation. Data were collated by VectorNet members and extensively vali- dated during data entry and mapping processes. Results: As of 2021, the VectorNet archive consisted of ca 475,000 records relating to > 330 species. Maps for 42 species are routinely produced online at sub- national administrative unit resolution. On VectorNet maps, there are relatively few areas where surveil- lance has been recorded but there are no distribution data. Comparison with other continental databases, namely the Global Biodiversity Information Facility and VectorBase show that VectorNet has 5–10 times as many records overall, although three species are better represented in the other databases. In addi- tion, VectorNet maps show where species are absent. VectorNet's impact as assessed by citations (ca 60 per year) and web statistics (58,000 views) is substantial and its maps are widely used as reference material by professionals and the public. Conclusion: VectorNet maps are the pre-eminent source of rigorously validated arthropod vector maps for Europe and its surrounding areas.

Published
2023

28. Long-lasting insecticidal nets provide protection against malaria for only a single year in Burundi, an African highland setting with marked malaria seasonality

Author

Van Bortel, Wim, primary, Mariën, Joachim, additional, Jacobs, Bart K M, additional, Sinzinkayo, Denis, additional, Sinarinzi, Pierre, additional, Lampaert, Emmanuel, additional, D’hondt, Rob, additional, Mafuko, Jean-Marie, additional, De Weggheleire, Anja, additional, Vogt, Florian, additional, Alexander, Neil, additional, Wint, William, additional, Maes, Peter, additional, Vanlerberghe, Veerle, additional, and Leclair, Corey, additional

Published
2022
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30. Aedes koreicus, a vector on the rise: Pan-European genetic patterns, mitochondrial and draft genome sequencing

Author

Kurucz, Kornélia, primary, Zeghbib, Safia, additional, Arnoldi, Daniele, additional, Marini, Giovanni, additional, Manica, Mattia, additional, Michelutti, Alice, additional, Montarsi, Fabrizio, additional, Deblauwe, Isra, additional, Van Bortel, Wim, additional, Smitz, Nathalie, additional, Pfitzner, Wolf Peter, additional, Czajka, Christina, additional, Jöst, Artur, additional, Kalan, Katja, additional, Šušnjar, Jana, additional, Ivović, Vladimir, additional, Kuczmog, Anett, additional, Lanszki, Zsófia, additional, Tóth, Gábor Endre, additional, Somogyi, Balázs A., additional, Herczeg, Róbert, additional, Urbán, Péter, additional, Bueno-Marí, Rubén, additional, Soltész, Zoltán, additional, and Kemenesi, Gábor, additional

Published
2022
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33. DNA Identification and Diversity of the Vector Mosquitoes Culex pipiens s.s. and Culex torrentium in Belgium (Diptera: Culicidae)

Author

Vanderheyden, Ann, primary, Smitz, Nathalie, additional, De Wolf, Katrien, additional, Deblauwe, Isra, additional, Dekoninck, Wouter, additional, Meganck, Kenny, additional, Gombeer, Sophie, additional, Vanslembrouck, Adwine, additional, De Witte, Jacobus, additional, Schneider, Anna, additional, Verlé, Ingrid, additional, De Meyer, Marc, additional, Backeljau, Thierry, additional, Müller, Ruth, additional, and Van Bortel, Wim, additional

Published
2022
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35. MEMO: Monitoring of exotic mosquitoes in Belgium

Author

Deblauwe, Isra, primary, Brosens, Dimitri, additional, De Wolf, Katrien, additional, Smitz, Nathalie, additional, Vanslembrouck, Adwine, additional, Schneider, Anna, additional, De Witte, Jacobus, additional, Verlé, Ingrid, additional, Dekoninck, Wouter, additional, De Meyer, Marc, additional, Backeljau, Thierry, additional, Gombeer, Sophie, additional, Meganck, Kenny, additional, Vanderheyden, Ann, additional, Müller, Ruth, additional, and Van Bortel, Wim, additional

Published
2022
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36. Two fatal autochthonous cases of airport malaria, Belgium, 2020

Author

Van Bortel, Wim, primary, Van den Poel, Bea, additional, Hermans, Greet, additional, Vanden Driessche, Marleen, additional, Molzahn, Helmut, additional, Deblauwe, Isra, additional, De Wolf, Katrien, additional, Schneider, Anna, additional, Van Hul, Nick, additional, Müller, Ruth, additional, Wilmaerts, Leen, additional, Gombeer, Sophie, additional, Smitz, Nathalie, additional, Kattenberg, Johanna Helena, additional, Monsieurs, Pieter, additional, Rosanas-Urgell, Anna, additional, Van Esbroeck, Marjan, additional, Bottieau, Emmanuel, additional, Maniewski-Kelner, Ula, additional, and Rebolledo, Javiera, additional

Published
2022
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37. VectorNet: Putting Vectors on the Map

Author

Braks, Marieta, primary, Schaffner, Francis, additional, Medlock, Jolyon M., additional, Berriatua, Eduardo, additional, Balenghien, Thomas, additional, Mihalca, Andrei Daniel, additional, Hendrickx, Guy, additional, Marsboom, Cedric, additional, Van Bortel, Wim, additional, Smallegange, Renate C., additional, Sprong, Hein, additional, Gossner, Céline M., additional, Czwienczek, Ewelina, additional, Dhollander, Sofie, additional, Briët, Olivier, additional, and Wint, William, additional

Published
2022
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38. Additional file 1 of dynamAedes: a unified modelling framework for invasive Aedes mosquitoes

Author

Da Re, Daniele, Van Bortel, Wim, Reuss, Friederike, Müller, Ruth, Boyer, Sebastien, Montarsi, Fabrizio, Ciocchetta, Silvia, Arnoldi, Daniele, Marini, Giovanni, Rizzoli, Annapaola, L’Ambert, Gregory, Lacour, Guillaume, Koenraadt, Constantianus J. M., Vanwambeke, Sophie O., and Marcantonio, Matteo

Abstract

Additional file 1: Figure S1. Overview of the temperature-dependent functions used in the model for the four Aedes species. Figure S2. Overview of the temperature-dependent functions used in the model for Ae. aegypti. Figure S3. Overview of the temperature-dependent functions used in the model for Ae. albopictus. Figure S4. Overview of the temperature-dependent functions used in the model for Ae. japonicus. Figure S5. Overview of the temperature-dependent functions used in the model for Ae. koreicus. Figure S6. Overview of the photoperiod-dependent diapause function used to in the model for Ae. albopictus and Ae. japonicus. The Ae. japonicus function was used forAe. koreicus as well. Figure S7. Sensitivity analysis on the effect of (A) the variability of introduced propagules and juvenile-habitat water volume on the percentage of successful introduction; (B) the variability of the juvenile-habitat water volume on the median individual abundance. Figure S8. Predicted percentage of establishment of Ae. aegypti, Ae. albopictus in California (USA) for the years 2011–2016 and 2013–2018, respectively. Only pixels having a probability of successful introduction > 0 are shown. The red dots represent the counties where the species have been found. Table S1. Description of mechanistic models for invasive Aedes available as software or scripts (online or on request). Table S2. Other model features. Table S3. Species-specific temperature-dependent physiological parameters. Table S4. Species-specific dispersal parameters.Table S5. Species-specific photoperiod parameters. Table S6. Validation for Ae. koreicus model in Trento (NE Italy).

Published
2022
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40. Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets Provide Only Protection Against Malaria for a Single Year in an African Highland Setting With Marked Malaria Seasonality

Author

Van Bortel, Wim, primary, Mariën, Joachim, additional, Jacobs, Bart K.M., additional, Sinzinkayo, Denis, additional, Sinarinzi, Pierre, additional, Lampaert, Emmanuel, additional, D'hondt, Rob, additional, Mafuko, Jean-Marie, additional, De Weggheleire, Anja, additional, Vogt, Florian, additional, Alexander, Neil, additional, Wint, William, additional, Maes, Peter, additional, Vanlerberghe, Veerle, additional, and LeClair, Corey, additional

Published
2022
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41. dynamAedes: a unified modelling framework for invasiveAedesmosquitoes

Author

Da Re, Daniele, primary, Van Bortel, Wim, additional, Reuss, Friederike, additional, Müller, Ruth, additional, Boyer, Sebastien, additional, Montarsi, Fabrizio, additional, Ciocchetta, Silvia, additional, Arnoldi, Daniele, additional, Marini, Giovanni, additional, Rizzoli, Annapaola, additional, L’Ambert, Gregory, additional, Lacour, Guillaume, additional, Koenraadt, Constantianus J.M., additional, Vanwambeke, Sophie O., additional, and Marcantonio, Matteo, additional

Published
2021
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42. Aedes koreicus, a vector on the rise: pan-European genetic patterns, mitochondrial and draft genome sequencing

Author

Kurucz, Kornélia, primary, Zeghbib, Safia, additional, Arnoldi, Daniele, additional, Marini, Giovanni, additional, Manica, Mattia, additional, Michelutti, Alice, additional, Montarsi, Fabrizio, additional, Deblauwe, Isra, additional, Van Bortel, Wim, additional, Smitz, Nathalie, additional, Pfitzner, Wolf Peter, additional, Czajka, Christina, additional, Jöst, Artur, additional, Kalan, Katja, additional, Šušnjar, Jana, additional, Ivović, Vladimir, additional, Kuczmog, Anett, additional, Lanszki, Zsófia, additional, Tóth, Gábor Endre, additional, Somogyi, Balázs A., additional, Herczeg, Róbert, additional, Urbán, Péter, additional, Bueno-Marí, Rubén, additional, Soltész, Zoltán, additional, and Kemenesi, Gábor, additional

Published
2021
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44. A Multidisciplinary Investigation of the First Chikungunya Virus Outbreak in Matadi in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

Author

De Weggheleire, Anja, primary, Nkuba-Ndaye, Antoine, additional, Mbala-Kingebeni, Placide, additional, Mariën, Joachim, additional, Kindombe-Luzolo, Esaie, additional, Ilombe, Gillon, additional, Mangala-Sonzi, Donatien, additional, Binene-Mbuka, Guillaume, additional, De Smet, Birgit, additional, Vogt, Florian, additional, Selhorst, Philippe, additional, Matungala-Pafubel, Mathy, additional, Nkawa, Frida, additional, Vulu, Fabien, additional, Mossoko, Mathias, additional, Pukuta-Simbu, Elisabeth, additional, Kinganda-Lusamaki, Eddy, additional, Van Bortel, Wim, additional, Wat’senga-Tezzo, Francis, additional, Makiala-Mandanda, Sheila, additional, and Ahuka-Mundeke, Steve, additional

Published
2021
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45. An outbreak report of the two autochthonous cases of airport malaria in Belgium in 2020

Author

Van Bortel, Wim, primary, Van den Poel, Bea, additional, Hermans, Greet, additional, Driessche, Marleen Vanden, additional, Lerouge, David, additional, Deblauwe, Isra, additional, De Wolf, Katrien, additional, Schneider, Anna, additional, Van Hul, Nick, additional, Müller, Ruth, additional, Wilmaerts, Leen, additional, Gombeer, Sophie, additional, Smitz, Nathalie, additional, Kattenberg, Johanna Helena, additional, Monsieurs, Pieter, additional, Rosanas-Urgell, Anna, additional, Van Esbroeck, Marjan, additional, Bottieau, Emmanuel, additional, Maniewski-Kelner, Ula, additional, and Rebolledo, Javiera, additional

Published
2021
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46. First Detections ofCuliseta longiareolata(Diptera: Culicidae) in Belgium and the Netherlands

Author

Deblauwe, Isra, primary, Ibáñez-Justicia, Adolfo, additional, De Wolf, Katrien, additional, Smitz, Nathalie, additional, Schneider, Anna, additional, Stroo, Arjan, additional, Jacobs, Frans, additional, Vanslembrouck, Adwine, additional, Gombeer, Sophie, additional, Dekoninck, Wouter, additional, Müller, Ruth, additional, and Van Bortel, Wim, additional

Published
2021
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48. Additional file 1 of High Aedes spp. larval indices in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo

Author

Wat���senga Tezzo, Francis, Fasine, Sylvie, Manzambi Zola, Emile, Marquetti, Maria del Carmen, Binene Mbuka, Guillaume, Ilombe, Gillon, Mundeke Takasongo, Richard, Smitz, Nathalie, Bisset, Juan Andre, Van Bortel, Wim, and Vanlerberghe, Veerle

Abstract

Additional file 1: Table S1. Distribution of inspected containers inside/outside the houses, Kinshasa 2018.

Published
2021
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49. Important Aedes Spp. Density Levels in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo

Author

Wat’senga Tezzo Francis, Fasine Sylvie, Manzambi Emile Zola, Marquetti Maria del Carmen, Binene Mbuka Guillaume, Ilombe Gillon, Mundeke Takasongo Richard, Smitz Nathalie, Bisset Juan Andre, Van Bortel Wim, and Veerle Vanlerberghe

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya and Zika are among the most important emerging infectious vector-borne diseases worldwide. Besides sporadic dengue cases, yellow fever and chikungunya outbreaks have been increasingly reported in Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) in the last decade. The main vectors of these arboviruses, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, were reported in DRC, but there is a lack of detailed information on their presence and spread hampering transmission risk assessments in the region. METHODS: In 2018, two cross-sectional surveys were realized in Kinshasa province (DRC), one in the rainy (January/February) and one in the dry season (July). Four hundred houses were visited in each of the four selected communes (N’Djili, Mont Ngafula, Lingwala and Kalamu). Breedings sites were recorded, larvae and pupae collected and reared to obtain adults for genus and species identification. A subset of specimens was DNA-barcoded for validation of the morphological species identification. RESULTS: The most rural commune (Mont Ngafula) had the highest density levels, with a Breteau Index of 82.2 and 19.5/100 houses in rainy and dry season, respectively. The Breteau Index in the other communes Kalamu, Lingwala and N’Djili elevated to 21.5 (4.7), 36.7 (9.8) and 41.7 (7.5) in the rainy (and dry) season. The House index was on average 27.5% and 7.6%; and the Container Index 15.0% and 10.0% in rainy and dry season, respectively. The vast majority of Aedes positive containers was found outside the houses (adjusted OR 27.4 (95%CI 14.9-50.1)). The main breeding sites were used tires, water storage containers and trash. Anopheles larvae were also found in Aedes breeding sites, especially during the rainy season.CONCLUSIONS: These results show that Kinshasa is highly infested with Aedes spp. which indicates a high potential for arbovirus transmission in the area. During the dry season, the most productive containers (for Aedes pupae production) are containers used for water storage, whereas in the rainy season this is trash and tires. The present study also evidences that Aedes breeding sites are mainly located outdoors. Based on the results of this study, a contextualized Aedes control strategy can be designed for Kinshasa.

Published
2020

50. First record of the West Nile virus bridge vector Culex modestus Ficalbi (Diptera: Culicidae) in Belgium, validated by DNA barcoding

Author

DE WOLF, KATRIEN, primary, VANDERHEYDEN, ANN, additional, DEBLAUWE, ISRA, additional, SMITZ, NATHALIE, additional, GOMBEER, SOPHIE, additional, VANSLEMBROUCK, ADWINE, additional, MEGANCK, KENNY, additional, DEKONINCK, WOUTER, additional, DE MEYER, MARC, additional, BACKELJAU, THIERRY, additional, MÜLLER, RUTH, additional, and VAN BORTEL, WIM, additional

Published
2021
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