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2. Effect Sizes, Power, and Biases in Intelligence Research: A Meta-Meta-Analysis

Author

Nuijten, Michèle B., van Assen, Marcel A. L. M., Augusteijn, Hilde E. M., Crompvoets, Elise A. V., and Wicherts, Jelte M.

Abstract

In this meta-study, we analyzed 2442 effect sizes from 131 meta-analyses in intelligence research, published from 1984 to 2014, to estimate the average effect size, median power, and evidence for bias. We found that the average effect size in intelligence research was a Pearson's correlation of 0.26, and the median sample size was 60. Furthermore, across primary studies, we found a median power of 11.9% to detect a small effect, 54.5% to detect a medium effect, and 93.9% to detect a large effect. We documented differences in average effect size and median estimated power between different types of intelligence studies (correlational studies, studies of group differences, experiments, toxicology, and behavior genetics). On average, across all meta-analyses (but not in every meta-analysis), we found evidence for small-study effects, potentially indicating publication bias and overestimated effects. We found no differences in small-study effects between different study types. We also found no convincing evidence for the decline effect, US effect, or citation bias across meta-analyses. We concluded that intelligence research does show signs of low power and publication bias, but that these problems seem less severe than in many other scientific fields.

Published
2020

5. Set your mind on it: The mediating role of mindset in the relationship between a learning-from-error climate and work-related flow

Author

Caniëls, Marjolein C.J., Adamska, Katarzyna M., van Oortmerssen, Lise A., and van Assen, Marcel F.

Subjects
Workers -- Beliefs, opinions and attitudes, Corporate culture -- Analysis, Employees -- Beliefs, opinions and attitudes, Psychology and mental health
Abstract

This study aims to investigate whether and how a learning-from-error climate is associated with work-related flow experiences by employees. Drawing on the tenets of Job Demands-Resources theory, we propose that this relationship is mediated by a work-related growth mindset. The study tests a mediation model by conducting structural equations modelling. Data were gathered in two waves from 159 employees within a Dutch financial organization. Results demonstrate that work-related mindset significantly mediates the relationship between a learning-from-error climate and work-related flow. In this study, we address the call for studies that empirically assess the influence of organizational climate on work-related flow in a multiwave study design. Specifically, we highlight the relevance of understanding how individual dispositions can shape the effects of a learning-from-error climate on work-related flow., Author(s): Marjolein C.J. Caniëls [sup.1] , Katarzyna M. Adamska [sup.2] , Lise A. van Oortmerssen [sup.1] , Marcel F. van Assen [sup.3] [sup.4] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.36120.36, 0000 0004 0501 [...]

Published
2023
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6. Consensus-based guidance for conducting and reporting multi-analyst studies

Author

Aczel, Balazs, Szaszi, Barnabas, Nilsonne, Gustav, van den Akker, Olmo R, Albers, Casper J, van Assen, Marcel ALM, Bastiaansen, Jojanneke A, Benjamin, Daniel, Boehm, Udo, Botvinik-Nezer, Rotem, Bringmann, Laura F, Busch, Niko A, Caruyer, Emmanuel, Cataldo, Andrea M, Cowan, Nelson, Delios, Andrew, van Dongen, Noah NN, Donkin, Chris, van Doorn, Johnny B, Dreber, Anna, Dutilh, Gilles, Egan, Gary F, Gernsbacher, Morton Ann, Hoekstra, Rink, Hoffmann, Sabine, Holzmeister, Felix, Huber, Juergen, Johannesson, Magnus, Jonas, Kai J, Kindel, Alexander T, Kirchler, Michael, Kunkels, Yoram K, Lindsay, D Stephen, Mangin, Jean-Francois, Matzke, Dora, Munafò, Marcus R, Newell, Ben R, Nosek, Brian A, Poldrack, Russell A, van Ravenzwaaij, Don, Rieskamp, Jörg, Salganik, Matthew J, Sarafoglou, Alexandra, Schonberg, Tom, Schweinsberg, Martin, Shanks, David, Silberzahn, Raphael, Simons, Daniel J, Spellman, Barbara A, St-Jean, Samuel, Starns, Jeffrey J, Uhlmann, Eric Luis, Wicherts, Jelte, and Wagenmakers, Eric-Jan

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Health Sciences, Consensus, Data Analysis, Datasets as Topic, Research, multi-analyst, metascience, statistical practice, science forum, expert consensus, analytical variability, None, medicine, neuroscience, none, Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Biological sciences, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Health sciences
Abstract

Any large dataset can be analyzed in a number of ways, and it is possible that the use of different analysis strategies will lead to different results and conclusions. One way to assess whether the results obtained depend on the analysis strategy chosen is to employ multiple analysts and leave each of them free to follow their own approach. Here, we present consensus-based guidance for conducting and reporting such multi-analyst studies, and we discuss how broader adoption of the multi-analyst approach has the potential to strengthen the robustness of results and conclusions obtained from analyses of datasets in basic and applied research.

Published
2021

9. p-Values Less Than 0.05 in Psychology: What is Going on?

Author

Hartgerink, Chris H. J., van Aert, Robbie C. M., Nuijten, Michèle B., Wicherts, Jelte M., van Assen, Marcel A. L. M., Gruber, Craig W., Gruber, Craig W., Series Editor, Valsiner, Jaan, Series Editor, Clark, Matthew G., Series Editor, and Klempe, Sven Hroar, Series Editor

Published
2020
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10. Same data, different conclusions: Radical dispersion in empirical results when independent analysts operationalize and test the same hypothesis

Author

Schweinsberg, Martin, Feldman, Michael, Staub, Nicola, van den Akker, Olmo R., van Aert, Robbie C.M., van Assen, Marcel A.L.M., Liu, Yang, Althoff, Tim, Heer, Jeffrey, Kale, Alex, Mohamed, Zainab, Amireh, Hashem, Venkatesh Prasad, Vaishali, Bernstein, Abraham, Robinson, Emily, Snellman, Kaisa, Amy Sommer, S., Otner, Sarah M.G., Robinson, David, Madan, Nikhil, Silberzahn, Raphael, Goldstein, Pavel, Tierney, Warren, Murase, Toshio, Mandl, Benjamin, Viganola, Domenico, Strobl, Carolin, Schaumans, Catherine B.C., Kelchtermans, Stijn, Naseeb, Chan, Mason Garrison, S., Yarkoni, Tal, Richard Chan, C.S., Adie, Prestone, Alaburda, Paulius, Albers, Casper, Alspaugh, Sara, Alstott, Jeff, Nelson, Andrew A., Ariño de la Rubia, Eduardo, Arzi, Adbi, Bahník, Štěpán, Baik, Jason, Winther Balling, Laura, Banker, Sachin, AA Baranger, David, Barr, Dale J., Barros-Rivera, Brenda, Bauer, Matt, Blaise, Enuh, Boelen, Lisa, Bohle Carbonell, Katerina, Briers, Robert A., Burkhard, Oliver, Canela, Miguel-Angel, Castrillo, Laura, Catlett, Timothy, Chen, Olivia, Clark, Michael, Cohn, Brent, Coppock, Alex, Cugueró-Escofet, Natàlia, Curran, Paul G., Cyrus-Lai, Wilson, Dai, David, Valentino Dalla Riva, Giulio, Danielsson, Henrik, Russo, Rosaria de F.S.M., de Silva, Niko, Derungs, Curdin, Dondelinger, Frank, Duarte de Souza, Carolina, Tyson Dube, B., Dubova, Marina, Mark Dunn, Ben, Adriaan Edelsbrunner, Peter, Finley, Sara, Fox, Nick, Gnambs, Timo, Gong, Yuanyuan, Grand, Erin, Greenawalt, Brandon, Han, Dan, Hanel, Paul H.P., Hong, Antony B., Hood, David, Hsueh, Justin, Huang, Lilian, Hui, Kent N., Hultman, Keith A., Javaid, Azka, Ji Jiang, Lily, Jong, Jonathan, Kamdar, Jash, Kane, David, Kappler, Gregor, Kaszubowski, Erikson, Kavanagh, Christopher M., Khabsa, Madian, Kleinberg, Bennett, Kouros, Jens, Krause, Heather, Krypotos, Angelos-Miltiadis, Lavbič, Dejan, Ling Lee, Rui, Leffel, Timothy, Yang Lim, Wei, Liverani, Silvia, Loh, Bianca, Lønsmann, Dorte, Wei Low, Jia, Lu, Alton, MacDonald, Kyle, Madan, Christopher R., Hjorth Madsen, Lasse, Maimone, Christina, Mangold, Alexandra, Marshall, Adrienne, Ester Matskewich, Helena, Mavon, Kimia, McLain, Katherine L., McNamara, Amelia A., McNeill, Mhairi, Mertens, Ulf, Miller, David, Moore, Ben, Moore, Andrew, Nantz, Eric, Nasrullah, Ziauddin, Nejkovic, Valentina, Nell, Colleen S, Arthur Nelson, Andrew, Nilsonne, Gustav, Nolan, Rory, O'Brien, Christopher E., O'Neill, Patrick, O'Shea, Kieran, Olita, Toto, Otterbacher, Jahna, Palsetia, Diana, Pereira, Bianca, Pozdniakov, Ivan, Protzko, John, Reyt, Jean-Nicolas, Riddle, Travis, (Akmal) Ridhwan Omar Ali, Amal, Ropovik, Ivan, Rosenberg, Joshua M., Rothen, Stephane, Schulte-Mecklenbeck, Michael, Sharma, Nirek, Shotwell, Gordon, Skarzynski, Martin, Stedden, William, Stodden, Victoria, Stoffel, Martin A., Stoltzman, Scott, Subbaiah, Subashini, Tatman, Rachael, Thibodeau, Paul H., Tomkins, Sabina, Valdivia, Ana, Druijff-van de Woestijne, Gerrieke B., Viana, Laura, Villesèche, Florence, Duncan Wadsworth, W., Wanders, Florian, Watts, Krista, Wells, Jason D, Whelpley, Christopher E., Won, Andy, Wu, Lawrence, Yip, Arthur, Youngflesh, Casey, Yu, Ju-Chi, Zandian, Arash, Zhang, Leilei, Zibman, Chava, and Luis Uhlmann, Eric

Published
2021
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11. The potential of preregistration in psychology: Assessing preregistration producibility and preregistration-study consistency

Author

van den Akker, Olmo, Bakker, Marjan, van Assen, Marcel, Pennington, Charlotte Rebecca, Verweij, Leone, Elsherif, Mahmoud, Claesen, Aline, Gaillard, Stefan, Yeung, Siu Kit, Frankenberger, Jan-Luca, Krautter, Kai, Cockcroft, Jamie, Kreuer, Katharina, Evans, Thomas Rhys, Heppel, Frédérique, Schoch, Sarah, Korbmacher, Max, Yamada, Yuki, Albayrak-Aydemir, Nihan, Alzahawi, Shilaan, Sarafoglou, Alexandra, Sitnikov, Maksim, Děchtěrenko, Filip, Wingen, Sophia, Grinschgl, Sandra, Hartmann, Helena, Stewart, Suzanne L. K., de Oliveira, Cátia, Ashcroft-Jones, Sarah, Baker, Bradley, Wicherts, Jelte, van den Akker, Olmo, Bakker, Marjan, van Assen, Marcel, Pennington, Charlotte Rebecca, Verweij, Leone, Elsherif, Mahmoud, Claesen, Aline, Gaillard, Stefan, Yeung, Siu Kit, Frankenberger, Jan-Luca, Krautter, Kai, Cockcroft, Jamie, Kreuer, Katharina, Evans, Thomas Rhys, Heppel, Frédérique, Schoch, Sarah, Korbmacher, Max, Yamada, Yuki, Albayrak-Aydemir, Nihan, Alzahawi, Shilaan, Sarafoglou, Alexandra, Sitnikov, Maksim, Děchtěrenko, Filip, Wingen, Sophia, Grinschgl, Sandra, Hartmann, Helena, Stewart, Suzanne L. K., de Oliveira, Cátia, Ashcroft-Jones, Sarah, Baker, Bradley, and Wicherts, Jelte

Abstract

Study preregistration has become increasingly popular in psychology, but its potential to restrict researcher degrees of freedom has not yet been empirically verified. We used an extensive protocol to assess the producibility (i.e., the degree to which a study can be properly conducted based on the available information) of preregistrations and the consistency between preregistrations and their corresponding papers for 300 psychology studies. We found that preregistrations often lack methodological details and that undisclosed deviations from preregistered plans are frequent. These results highlight that biases due to researcher degrees of freedom remain possible in many preregistered studies. More comprehensive registration templates typically yielded more producible preregistrations. We did not find that the producibility and consistency of preregistrations differed over time or between original and replication studies. Furthermore, we found that operationalizations of variables were generally preregistered more producible and consistently than other study parts. Inconsistencies between preregistrations and published studies were mainly encountered for data collection procedures, statistical models, and exclusion criteria. Our results indicate that, to unlock the full potential of preregistration, researchers in psychology should aim to write more producible preregistrations, adhere to these preregistrations more faithfully, and more transparently report any deviations from their preregistrations. This could be facilitated by training and education to improve preregistration skills, as well as the development of more comprehensive templates.

Published
2024

12. The Effects of Neuropsychiatric Symptom Clusters in People with Dementia on Family Caregiver Burden

Author

Van Den Kieboom, Robin, Snaphaan, Liselore, Mark, Ruth, Van Assen, Marcel, Bongers, Inge, Van Den Kieboom, Robin, Snaphaan, Liselore, Mark, Ruth, Van Assen, Marcel, and Bongers, Inge

Abstract

Background: Neuropsychiatric symptoms are a robust risk factor for caregiver burden in family dementia caregivers. By grouping these symptoms, clinical interpretations regarding neuropsychiatric symptoms may facilitated because different groups of symptoms may require a different approach for intervention, thereby reducing caregiver burden. Objective: As clustering of neuropsychiatric symptoms could be clinically relevant, we aimed to explore the effects of these clusters on burden in family dementia caregivers. Methods: 152 family dementia caregivers were included. Caregiver burden was measured using the Ervaren Druk door Informele Zorg (EDIZ)/Self-Perceived Pressure from Informal Care, a Dutch questionnaire. Caregivers also reported the neuropsychiatric symptoms and functional impairments in daily activities of the people with dementia they cared for. Multiple regression analyses were used in this cross-sectional study. Results: Adjusted for functional impairments and sociodemographic variables, neuropsychiatric symptoms were associated with more caregiver burden (p<0.001). However, this association did not differ between the three neuropsychiatric symptom clusters (p=0.745). Conclusions: Neuropsychiatric symptoms were associated with more family caregiver burden, but no conclusive evidence was found that this association differed for the three clusters. Clustering of neuropsychiatric symptoms is, however, worth exploring further in future studies with more participants. If specific links are found, these could be targeted in clinical practice in order to prevent, reduce and/or postpone caregiver burden.

Published
2024

14. Statistical Properties of Methods Based on the 'Q'-Statistic for Constructing a Confidence Interval for the Between-Study Variance in Meta-Analysis

Author

van Aert, Robbie C. M., van Assen, Marcel A. L. M., and Viechtbauer, Wolfgang

Abstract

The effect sizes of studies included in a meta-analysis do often not share a common true effect size due to differences in for instance the design of the studies. Estimates of this so-called between-study variance are usually imprecise. Hence, reporting a confidence interval together with a point estimate of the amount of between-study variance facilitates interpretation of the meta-analytic results. Two methods that are recommended to be used for creating such a confidence interval are the "Q"-profile and generalized "Q"-statistic method that both make use of the "Q"-statistic. These methods are exact if the assumptions underlying the random-effects model hold, but these assumptions are usually violated in practice such that confidence intervals of the methods are approximate rather than exact confidence intervals. We illustrate by means of two Monte-Carlo simulation studies with odds ratio as effect size measure that coverage probabilities of both methods can be substantially below the nominal coverage rate in situations that are representative for meta-analyses in practice. We also show that these too low coverage probabilities are caused by violations of the assumptions of the random-effects model (ie, normal sampling distributions of the effect size measure and known sampling variances) and are especially prevalent if the sample sizes in the primary studies are small.

Published
2019
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28. Justify your alpha

Author

Lakens, Daniel, Adolfi, Federico G., Albers, Casper J., Anvari, Farid, Apps, Matthew A. J., Argamon, Shlomo E., Baguley, Thom, Becker, Raymond B., Benning, Stephen D., Bradford, Daniel E., Buchanan, Erin M., Caldwell, Aaron R., Van Calster, Ben, Carlsson, Rickard, Chen, Sau-Chin, Chung, Bryan, Colling, Lincoln J., Collins, Gary S., Crook, Zander, Cross, Emily S., Daniels, Sameera, Danielsson, Henrik, DeBruine, Lisa, Dunleavy, Daniel J., Earp, Brian D., Feist, Michele I., Ferrell, Jason D., Field, James G., Fox, Nicholas W., Friesen, Amanda, Gomes, Caio, Gonzalez-Marquez, Monica, Grange, James A., Grieve, Andrew P., Guggenberger, Robert, Grist, James, van Harmelen, Anne-Laura, Hasselman, Fred, Hochard, Kevin D., Hoffarth, Mark R., Holmes, Nicholas P., Ingre, Michael, Isager, Peder M., Isotalus, Hanna K., Johansson, Christer, Juszczyk, Konrad, Kenny, David A., Khalil, Ahmed A., Konat, Barbara, Lao, Junpeng, Larsen, Erik Gahner, Lodder, Gerine M. A., Lukavský, Jiří, Madan, Christopher R., Manheim, David, Martin, Stephen R., Martin, Andrea E., Mayo, Deborah G., McCarthy, Randy J., McConway, Kevin, McFarland, Colin, Nio, Amanda Q. X., Nilsonne, Gustav, de Oliveira, Cilene Lino, de Xivry, Jean-Jacques Orban, Parsons, Sam, Pfuhl, Gerit, Quinn, Kimberly A., Sakon, John J., Saribay, S. Adil, Schneider, Iris K., Selvaraju, Manojkumar, Sjoerds, Zsuzsika, Smith, Samuel G., Smits, Tim, Spies, Jeffrey R., Sreekumar, Vishnu, Steltenpohl, Crystal N., Stenhouse, Neil, Świątkowski, Wojciech, Vadillo, Miguel A., Van Assen, Marcel A. L. M., Williams, Matt N., Williams, Samantha E., Williams, Donald R., Yarkoni, Tal, Ziano, Ignazio, and Zwaan, Rolf A.

Published
2018
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31. The effectiveness of preregistration in psychology: Assessing preregistration strictness and preregistration-study consistency

Author

Van den Akker, Olmo, primary, Bakker, Marjan, additional, van Assen, Marcel A. L. M., additional, Pennington, Charlotte Rebecca, additional, Verweij, Leone, additional, Elsherif, Mahmoud Medhat, additional, Claesen, Aline, additional, Gaillard, Stefan Daniel Michel, additional, Yeung, Siu Kit, additional, Frankenberger, Jan-Luca, additional, Krautter, Kai, additional, Cockcroft, Jamie Philip, additional, Kreuer, Katharina Sybille, additional, Evans, Thomas Rhys, additional, Heppel, Frédérique, additional, Schoch, Sarah Fiona, additional, Korbmacher, Max, additional, Yamada, Yuki, additional, Albayrak-Aydemir, Nihan, additional, Alzahawi, Shilaan, additional, Sarafoglou, Alexandra, additional, Sitnikov, Maksim, additional, Dechterenko, Filip, additional, Wingen, Sophia, additional, Grinschgl, Sandra, additional, Hartmann, Helena, additional, Stewart, Suzanne, additional, Oliveira, Catia Margarida, additional, Ashcroft-Jones, Sarah, additional, Baker, Bradley James, additional, and Wicherts, Jelte M., additional

Published
2023
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33. The Meta-Plot: A Graphical Tool for Interpreting the Results of a Meta-Analysis

Author

Van Assen, Marcel A.L.M., Van Den Akker, Olmo R., Augusteijn, Hilde E.M., Bakker, Marjan, Nuijten, Michèle B., Olsson-Collentine, Anton, Stoevenbelt, Andrea H., Wicherts, Jelte M., Van Aert, Robbie C.M., Van Assen, Marcel A.L.M., Van Den Akker, Olmo R., Augusteijn, Hilde E.M., Bakker, Marjan, Nuijten, Michèle B., Olsson-Collentine, Anton, Stoevenbelt, Andrea H., Wicherts, Jelte M., and Van Aert, Robbie C.M.

Abstract

The meta-plot is a descriptive visual tool for meta-analysis that provides information on the primary studies in the meta-analysis and the results of the meta-analysis. More precisely, the meta-plot portrays (1) the precision and statistical power of the primary studies in themetaanalysis, (2) the estimate and confidence interval of a random-effects meta-analysis, (3) the results of a cumulative random-effects metaanalysis yielding a robustness check of the meta-analytic effect size with respect to primary studies' precision, and (4) evidence of publication bias. After explaining the underlying logic and theory, the meta-plot is applied to two cherry-picked meta-analyses that appear to be biased and to 10 randomly selected meta-analyses from the psychological literature. We recommend accompanying any meta-analysis of common effect size measures with the meta-plot.

Published
2023

34. Selective Hypothesis Reporting in Psychology: Comparing Preregistrations and Corresponding Publications

Author

van den Akker, Olmo R., van Assen, Marcel A.L.M., Enting, Manon, de Jonge, Myrthe, Ong, How Hwee, Rüffer, Franziska, Schoenmakers, Martijn, Stoevenbelt, Andrea H., Wicherts, Jelte M., Bakker, Marjan, van den Akker, Olmo R., van Assen, Marcel A.L.M., Enting, Manon, de Jonge, Myrthe, Ong, How Hwee, Rüffer, Franziska, Schoenmakers, Martijn, Stoevenbelt, Andrea H., Wicherts, Jelte M., and Bakker, Marjan

Abstract

In this study, we assessed the extent of selective hypothesis reporting in psychological research by comparing the hypotheses found in a set of 459 preregistrations with the hypotheses found in the corresponding articles. We found that more than half of the preregistered studies we assessed contained omitted hypotheses (N = 224; 52%) or added hypotheses (N = 227; 57%), and about one-fifth of studies contained hypotheses with a direction change (N = 79; 18%). We found only a small number of studies with hypotheses that were demoted from primary to secondary importance (N = 2; 1%) and no studies with hypotheses that were promoted from secondary to primary importance. In all, 60% of studies included at least one hypothesis in one or more of these categories, indicating a substantial bias in presenting and selecting hypotheses by researchers and/or reviewers/editors. Contrary to our expectations, we did not find sufficient evidence that added hypotheses and changed hypotheses were more likely to be statistically significant than nonselectively reported hypotheses. For the other types of selective hypothesis reporting, we likely did not have sufficient statistical power to test for a relationship with statistical significance. Finally, we found that replication studies were less likely to include selectively reported hypotheses than original studies. In all, selective hypothesis reporting is problematically common in psychological research. We urge researchers, reviewers, and editors to ensure that hypotheses outlined in preregistrations are clearly formulated and accurately presented in the corresponding articles.

Published
2023

35. The competitive advantage of sanctioning institutions revisited: A multilab replication

Author

Lo Iacono, Sergio, Przepiorka, Wojtek, Buskens, Vincent, Corten, Rense, van Assen, Marcel, van de Rijt, Arnout, Lo Iacono, Sergio, Przepiorka, Wojtek, Buskens, Vincent, Corten, Rense, van Assen, Marcel, and van de Rijt, Arnout

Abstract

Is peer sanctioning a sustainable solution to the problem of human cooperation? We conducted an exact multilab replication ( N = 1,008; 7 labs × 12 groups × 12 participants) of an experiment by Gürerk, Irlenbusch, and Rockenbach published in Science in 2006 (Gürerk Ö, Irlenbusch B, Rockenbach B. The competitive advantage of sanctioning institutions. 2006. Science. 312(5770):108-111). In GIR2006 ( N = 84; 1 lab × 7 groups × 12 participants), groups that allowed members to reward cooperators and punish defectors were found to outgrow and outperform groups without a peer-sanctioning institution. We find GIR2006 replicated in accordance with all preregistered replication criteria in five of the seven labs we sampled. There, the majority of participants joined groups with a sanctioning institution, and participants cooperated and profited more on average than in groups without a sanctioning institution. In the two other labs, results were weaker but still favored sanctioning institutions. These findings establish the competitive advantage of sanctioning institutions as a robust phenomenon within the European context.

Published
2023

37. The competitive advantage of sanctioning institutions revisited: A multilab replication

Author

Leerstoel Buskens, Social Networks, Solidarity and Inequality, Leerstoel Van de Rijt, Lo Iacono, Sergio, Przepiorka, Wojtek, Buskens, Vincent, Corten, Rense, van Assen, Marcel, van de Rijt, Arnout, Leerstoel Buskens, Social Networks, Solidarity and Inequality, Leerstoel Van de Rijt, Lo Iacono, Sergio, Przepiorka, Wojtek, Buskens, Vincent, Corten, Rense, van Assen, Marcel, and van de Rijt, Arnout

Published
2023

38. A many-analysts approach to the relation between religiosity and well-being

Author

Hoogeveen, Suzanne, Sarafoglou, Alexandra, Aczel, Balazs, Aditya, Yonathan, Alayan, Alexandra J., Allen, Peter J., Altay, Sacha, Alzahawi, Shilaan, Amir, Yulmaida, Anthony, Francis-Vincent, Appiah, Obed Kwame, Atkinson, Quentin D., Baimel, Adam, Balkaya-Ince, Merve, Balsamo, Michela, Banker, Sachin, Bartos, Frantisek, Becerra, Mario, Beffara, Bertrand, Beitner, Julia, Bendixen, Theiss, Berkessel, Jana B., Berniunas, Renatas, Billet, Matthew, Billingsley, Joseph, Bortolini, Tiago, Breitsohl, Heiko, Bret, Amelie, Brown, Faith L., Brown, Jennifer, Brumbaugh, Claudia C., Buczny, Jacek, Bulbulia, Joseph, Caballero, Saul, Carlucci, Leonardo, Carmichael, Cheryl L., Cattaneo, Marco E. G., Charles, Sarah J., Claessens, Scott, Panagopoulos, Maxinne C., Costa, Angelo Brandelli, Crone, Damien L., Czoschke, Stefan, Czymara, Christian, D'Urso, E. Damiano, Dahlstrom, Orjan, Dalla Rosa, Anna, Danielsson, Henrik, De Ron, Jill, de Vries, Ymkje Anna, Dean, Kristy K., Dik, Bryan J., Disabato, David J., Doherty, Jaclyn K., Draws, Tim, Drouhot, Lucas, Dujmovic, Marin, Dunham, Yarrow, Ebert, Tobias, Edelsbrunner, Peter A., Eerland, Anita, Elbaek, Christian T., Farahmand, Shole, Farahmand, Hooman, Farias, Miguel, Feliccia, Abrey A., Fischer, Kyle, Fischer, Ronald, Fisher-Thompson, Donna, Francis, Zoe, Frick, Susanne, Frisch, Lisa K., Geraldes, Diogo, Gerdin, Emily, Geven, Linda, Ghasemi, Omid, Gielens, Erwin, Gligoric, Vukasin, Hagel, Kristin, Hajdu, Nandor, Hamilton, Hannah R., Hamzah, Imaduddin, Hanel, Paul H. P., Hawk, Christopher E., Himawan, Karel K., Holding, Benjamin C., Homman, Lina E., Ingendahl, Moritz, Inkila, Hilla, Inman, Mary L., Islam, Chris-Gabriel, Isler, Ozan, Izydorczyk, David, Jaeger, Bastian, Johnson, Kathryn A., Jong, Jonathan, Karl, Johannes A., Kaszubowski, Erikson, Katz, Benjamin A., Keefer, Lucas A., Kelchtermans, Stijn, Kelly, John M., Klein, Richard A., Kleinberg, Bennett, Knowles, Megan L., Kolczynska, Marta, Koller, Dave, Krasko, Julia, Kritzler, Sarah, Krypotos, Angelos-Miltiadis, Kyritsis, Thanos, Landes, Todd L., Laukenmann, Ruben, Forsyth, Guy A. Lavender, Lazar, Aryeh, Lehman, Barbara J., Levy, Neil, Lo, Ronda F., Lodder, Paul, Lorenz, Jennifer, Lowicki, Pawel, Ly, Albert L., Maassen, Esther, Magyar-Russell, Gina M., Maier, Maximilian, Marsh, Dylan R., Martinez, Nuria, Martinie, Marcellin, Martoyo, Ihan, Mason, Susan E., Mauritsen, Anne Lundahl, McAleer, Phil, McCauley, Thomas, McCullough, Michael, McKay, Ryan, McMahon, Camilla M., McNamara, Amelia A., Means, Kira K., Mercier, Brett, Mitkidis, Panagiotis, Monin, Benoit, Moon, Jordan W., Moreau, David, Morgan, Jonathan, Murphy, James, Muscatt, George, Nagel, Christof, Nagy, Tamas, Nalborczyk, Ladislas, Nilsonne, Gustav, Noack, Pamina, Norenzayan, Ara, Nuijten, Michele B., Olsson-Collentine, Anton, Oviedo, Lluis, Pavlov, Yuri G., Pawelski, James O., Pearson, Hannah, Pedder, Hugo, Peetz, Hannah K., Pinus, Michael, Pirutinsky, Steven, Polito, Vince, Porubanova, Michaela, Poulin, Michael J., Prenoveau, Jason M., Prince, Mark A., Protzko, John, Pryor, Campbell, Purzycki, Benjamin G., Qiu, Lin, Putter, Julian Quevedo, Rabelo, Andre, Radell, Milen L., Ramsay, Jonathan E., Reid, Graham, Roberts, Andrew J., Luna, Lindsey M. Root, Ross, Robert M., Roszak, Piotr, Roy, Nirmal, Saarelainen, Suvi-Maria K., Sasaki, Joni Y., Schaumans, Catherine, Schivinski, Bruno, Schmitt, Marcel C., Schnitker, Sarah A., Schnuerch, Martin, Schreiner, Marcel R., Schuttengruber, Victoria, Sebben, Simone, Segerstrom, Suzanne C., Seryczynska, Berenika, Shjoedt, Uffe, Simsek, Muge, Sleegers, Willem W. A., Smith, Eliot R., Sowden, Walter J., Spath, Marion, Sporlein, Christoph, Stedden, William, Stoevenbelt, Andrea H., Stuber, Simon, Sulik, Justin, Suwartono, Christiany, Syropoulos, Stylianos, Szaszi, Barnabas, Szecsi, Peter, Tappin, Ben M., Tay, Louis, Thibault, Robert T., Thompson, Burt, Thurn, Christian M., Torralba, Josefa, Tuthill, Shelby D., Ullein, Ann-Marie, Van Aert, Robbie C. M., van Assen, Marcel A. L. M., Van Cappellen, Patty, van den Akker, Olmo R., Van der Cruyssen, Ine, Van der Noll, Jolanda, van Dongen, Noah N. N., Van Lissa, Caspar J., van Mulukom, Valerie, van Ravenzwaaij, Don, van Zyl, Casper J. J., Vaughn, Leigh Ann, Verschuere, Bruno, Vianello, Michelangelo, Vilanova, Felipe, Vishkin, Allon, Vogel, Vera, Vogelsmeier, Leonie V. D. E., Watanabe, Shoko, White, Cindel J. M., Wiebels, Kristina, Wiechert, Sera, Willett, Zachary Z., Witkowiak, Maciej, Witvliet, Charlotte V. O., Wiwad, Dylan, Wuyts, Robin, Xygalatas, Dimitris, Yang, Xin, Yeo, Darren J., Yilmaz, Onurcan, Zarzeczna, Natalia, Zhao, Yitong, Zijlmans, Josjan, van Elk, Michiel, Wagenmakers, Eric-Jan, Hoogeveen, Suzanne, Sarafoglou, Alexandra, Aczel, Balazs, Aditya, Yonathan, Alayan, Alexandra J., Allen, Peter J., Altay, Sacha, Alzahawi, Shilaan, Amir, Yulmaida, Anthony, Francis-Vincent, Appiah, Obed Kwame, Atkinson, Quentin D., Baimel, Adam, Balkaya-Ince, Merve, Balsamo, Michela, Banker, Sachin, Bartos, Frantisek, Becerra, Mario, Beffara, Bertrand, Beitner, Julia, Bendixen, Theiss, Berkessel, Jana B., Berniunas, Renatas, Billet, Matthew, Billingsley, Joseph, Bortolini, Tiago, Breitsohl, Heiko, Bret, Amelie, Brown, Faith L., Brown, Jennifer, Brumbaugh, Claudia C., Buczny, Jacek, Bulbulia, Joseph, Caballero, Saul, Carlucci, Leonardo, Carmichael, Cheryl L., Cattaneo, Marco E. G., Charles, Sarah J., Claessens, Scott, Panagopoulos, Maxinne C., Costa, Angelo Brandelli, Crone, Damien L., Czoschke, Stefan, Czymara, Christian, D'Urso, E. Damiano, Dahlstrom, Orjan, Dalla Rosa, Anna, Danielsson, Henrik, De Ron, Jill, de Vries, Ymkje Anna, Dean, Kristy K., Dik, Bryan J., Disabato, David J., Doherty, Jaclyn K., Draws, Tim, Drouhot, Lucas, Dujmovic, Marin, Dunham, Yarrow, Ebert, Tobias, Edelsbrunner, Peter A., Eerland, Anita, Elbaek, Christian T., Farahmand, Shole, Farahmand, Hooman, Farias, Miguel, Feliccia, Abrey A., Fischer, Kyle, Fischer, Ronald, Fisher-Thompson, Donna, Francis, Zoe, Frick, Susanne, Frisch, Lisa K., Geraldes, Diogo, Gerdin, Emily, Geven, Linda, Ghasemi, Omid, Gielens, Erwin, Gligoric, Vukasin, Hagel, Kristin, Hajdu, Nandor, Hamilton, Hannah R., Hamzah, Imaduddin, Hanel, Paul H. P., Hawk, Christopher E., Himawan, Karel K., Holding, Benjamin C., Homman, Lina E., Ingendahl, Moritz, Inkila, Hilla, Inman, Mary L., Islam, Chris-Gabriel, Isler, Ozan, Izydorczyk, David, Jaeger, Bastian, Johnson, Kathryn A., Jong, Jonathan, Karl, Johannes A., Kaszubowski, Erikson, Katz, Benjamin A., Keefer, Lucas A., Kelchtermans, Stijn, Kelly, John M., Klein, Richard A., Kleinberg, Bennett, Knowles, Megan L., Kolczynska, Marta, Koller, Dave, Krasko, Julia, Kritzler, Sarah, Krypotos, Angelos-Miltiadis, Kyritsis, Thanos, Landes, Todd L., Laukenmann, Ruben, Forsyth, Guy A. Lavender, Lazar, Aryeh, Lehman, Barbara J., Levy, Neil, Lo, Ronda F., Lodder, Paul, Lorenz, Jennifer, Lowicki, Pawel, Ly, Albert L., Maassen, Esther, Magyar-Russell, Gina M., Maier, Maximilian, Marsh, Dylan R., Martinez, Nuria, Martinie, Marcellin, Martoyo, Ihan, Mason, Susan E., Mauritsen, Anne Lundahl, McAleer, Phil, McCauley, Thomas, McCullough, Michael, McKay, Ryan, McMahon, Camilla M., McNamara, Amelia A., Means, Kira K., Mercier, Brett, Mitkidis, Panagiotis, Monin, Benoit, Moon, Jordan W., Moreau, David, Morgan, Jonathan, Murphy, James, Muscatt, George, Nagel, Christof, Nagy, Tamas, Nalborczyk, Ladislas, Nilsonne, Gustav, Noack, Pamina, Norenzayan, Ara, Nuijten, Michele B., Olsson-Collentine, Anton, Oviedo, Lluis, Pavlov, Yuri G., Pawelski, James O., Pearson, Hannah, Pedder, Hugo, Peetz, Hannah K., Pinus, Michael, Pirutinsky, Steven, Polito, Vince, Porubanova, Michaela, Poulin, Michael J., Prenoveau, Jason M., Prince, Mark A., Protzko, John, Pryor, Campbell, Purzycki, Benjamin G., Qiu, Lin, Putter, Julian Quevedo, Rabelo, Andre, Radell, Milen L., Ramsay, Jonathan E., Reid, Graham, Roberts, Andrew J., Luna, Lindsey M. Root, Ross, Robert M., Roszak, Piotr, Roy, Nirmal, Saarelainen, Suvi-Maria K., Sasaki, Joni Y., Schaumans, Catherine, Schivinski, Bruno, Schmitt, Marcel C., Schnitker, Sarah A., Schnuerch, Martin, Schreiner, Marcel R., Schuttengruber, Victoria, Sebben, Simone, Segerstrom, Suzanne C., Seryczynska, Berenika, Shjoedt, Uffe, Simsek, Muge, Sleegers, Willem W. A., Smith, Eliot R., Sowden, Walter J., Spath, Marion, Sporlein, Christoph, Stedden, William, Stoevenbelt, Andrea H., Stuber, Simon, Sulik, Justin, Suwartono, Christiany, Syropoulos, Stylianos, Szaszi, Barnabas, Szecsi, Peter, Tappin, Ben M., Tay, Louis, Thibault, Robert T., Thompson, Burt, Thurn, Christian M., Torralba, Josefa, Tuthill, Shelby D., Ullein, Ann-Marie, Van Aert, Robbie C. M., van Assen, Marcel A. L. M., Van Cappellen, Patty, van den Akker, Olmo R., Van der Cruyssen, Ine, Van der Noll, Jolanda, van Dongen, Noah N. N., Van Lissa, Caspar J., van Mulukom, Valerie, van Ravenzwaaij, Don, van Zyl, Casper J. J., Vaughn, Leigh Ann, Verschuere, Bruno, Vianello, Michelangelo, Vilanova, Felipe, Vishkin, Allon, Vogel, Vera, Vogelsmeier, Leonie V. D. E., Watanabe, Shoko, White, Cindel J. M., Wiebels, Kristina, Wiechert, Sera, Willett, Zachary Z., Witkowiak, Maciej, Witvliet, Charlotte V. O., Wiwad, Dylan, Wuyts, Robin, Xygalatas, Dimitris, Yang, Xin, Yeo, Darren J., Yilmaz, Onurcan, Zarzeczna, Natalia, Zhao, Yitong, Zijlmans, Josjan, van Elk, Michiel, and Wagenmakers, Eric-Jan

Abstract

The relation between religiosity and well-being is one of the most researched topics in the psychology of religion, yet the directionality and robustness of the effect remains debated. Here, we adopted a many-analysts approach to assess the robustness of this relation based on a new cross-cultural dataset (N = 10, 535 participants from 24 countries). We recruited 120 analysis teams to investigate (1) whether religious people self-report higher well-being, and (2) whether the relation between religiosity and self-reported well-being depends on perceived cultural norms of religion (i.e., whether it is considered normal and desirable to be religious in a given country). In a two-stage procedure, the teams first created an analysis plan and then executed their planned analysis on the data. For the first research question, all but 3 teams reported positive effect sizes with credible/confidence intervals excluding zero (median reported beta = 0.120). For the second research question, this was the case for 65% of the teams (median reported beta = 0.039). While most teams applied (multilevel) linear regression models, there was considerable variability in the choice of items used to construct the independent variables, the dependent variable, and the included covariates.

Published
2023

39. How do psychology researchers interpret the results of multiple replication studies?

Author

Leerstoel Buskens, Social Networks, Solidarity and Inequality, van den Akker, Olmo R., Wicherts, Jelte M., Alvarez, Linda Dominguez, Bakker, Marjan, van Assen, Marcel A.L.M., Leerstoel Buskens, Social Networks, Solidarity and Inequality, van den Akker, Olmo R., Wicherts, Jelte M., Alvarez, Linda Dominguez, Bakker, Marjan, and van Assen, Marcel A.L.M.

Published
2023

40. The Meta-Plot: A Graphical Tool for Interpreting the Results of a Meta-Analysis

Author

Leerstoel Buskens, Social Networks, Solidarity and Inequality, Van Assen, Marcel A.L.M., Van Den Akker, Olmo R., Augusteijn, Hilde E.M., Bakker, Marjan, Nuijten, Michèle B., Olsson-Collentine, Anton, Stoevenbelt, Andrea H., Wicherts, Jelte M., Van Aert, Robbie C.M., Leerstoel Buskens, Social Networks, Solidarity and Inequality, Van Assen, Marcel A.L.M., Van Den Akker, Olmo R., Augusteijn, Hilde E.M., Bakker, Marjan, Nuijten, Michèle B., Olsson-Collentine, Anton, Stoevenbelt, Andrea H., Wicherts, Jelte M., and Van Aert, Robbie C.M.

Published
2023

41. Selective Hypothesis Reporting in Psychology: Comparing Preregistrations and Corresponding Publications

Author

Leerstoel Buskens, Social Networks, Solidarity and Inequality, van den Akker, Olmo R., van Assen, Marcel A.L.M., Enting, Manon, de Jonge, Myrthe, Ong, How Hwee, Rüffer, Franziska, Schoenmakers, Martijn, Stoevenbelt, Andrea H., Wicherts, Jelte M., Bakker, Marjan, Leerstoel Buskens, Social Networks, Solidarity and Inequality, van den Akker, Olmo R., van Assen, Marcel A.L.M., Enting, Manon, de Jonge, Myrthe, Ong, How Hwee, Rüffer, Franziska, Schoenmakers, Martijn, Stoevenbelt, Andrea H., Wicherts, Jelte M., and Bakker, Marjan

Published
2023

43. Influence of sense of competence, empathy and relationship quality on burden in dementia caregivers: A 15 months longitudinal study

Author

van den Kieboom, Robin, Mark, Ruth, Snaphaan, Liselore, van Assen, Marcel, Bongers, Inge, van den Kieboom, Robin, Mark, Ruth, Snaphaan, Liselore, van Assen, Marcel, and Bongers, Inge

Abstract

Objectives: The aim is to explore the trajectory of caregiver burden and how this relates to caregiver and contextual factors in community-dwelling dyads. Methods: At baseline, 201 family caregivers were included. The multidimensional construct of family caregiver burden and the effects of sense of competence, empathy, and quality of the relationship on this burden were assessed over 15 months using semi-structured interviews and questionnaires. Results: We found an increase of burden linked to disruptions in the caregiver’s own usual activities ( p = 0.002) and physical health complaints ( p = 0.001). Caregivers with a high sense of competence experienced lower caregiver burden during the entire caregiving process ( p < 0.001). Discussion: Healthcare professionals should alert family caregivers to the importance of taking care of themselves as early as possible in their new caregiver role. Caregiving is demanding and could negatively influence their own activities and physical health.

Published
2023

45. The effectiveness of preregistration in psychology: Assessing preregistration strictness and preregistration-study consistency

Author

Korbmacher, Max, Evans, Thomas, Cockcroft, Jamie, van Assen, Marcel, Schoch, Sarah, Heppel, Frédérique, Verweij, Leone, Ashcroft-Jones, Sarah, Van den Akker, Olmo, Gaillard, Stefan, Elsherif, Mahmoud, Yamada, Yuki, Oliveira, Catia, Frankenberger, Jan-Luca, Stewart, Suzanne, Pennington, Charlotte, Albayrak-Aydemir, Nihan, Hartmann, Helena, Kreuer, Katharina, Dechterenko, Filip, Grinschgl, Sandra, Yeung, Siu Kit, Alzahawi, Shilaan, Claesen, Aline, Krautter, Kai, Wingen, Sophia, Sarafoglou, Alexandra, Wicherts, Jelte, Bakker, Marjan, Sitnikov, Maksim, and Baker, Bradley

Subjects
bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Psychology, MetaArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences, MetaArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Psychology, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences
Abstract

Study preregistration has become increasingly popular in psychology, but its effectiveness in restricting potentially biasing researcher degrees of freedom remains unclear. We used an extensive protocol to assess the strictness of preregistrations and the consistency between preregistration and publications of 300 preregistered psychology studies. We found that preregistrations often lack methodological details and that undisclosed deviations from preregistered plans are frequent. Combining the strictness and consistency results highlights that biases due to researcher degrees of freedom are prevalent and likely in many preregistered studies. More comprehensive registration templates typically yielded stricter and hence better preregistrations. We did not find that effectiveness of preregistrations differed over time or between original and replication studies. Furthermore, we found that operationalizations of variables were generally more effectively preregistered than other study parts. Inconsistencies between preregistrations and published studies were mainly encountered for data collection procedures, statistical models, and exclusion criteria. Our results indicate that, to unlock the full potential of preregistration, researchers in psychology should aim to write stricter preregistrations, adhere to these preregistrations more faithfully, and more transparently report any deviations from the preregistrations. This could be facilitated by training and education to improve preregistration skills, as well as the development of more comprehensive templates.

Published
2023

46. The Meta-Plot

Author

van Assen, Marcel A. L. M., primary, van den Akker, Olmo R., additional, Augusteijn, Hilde E. M., additional, Bakker, Marjan, additional, Nuijten, Michèle B., additional, Olsson-Collentine, Anton, additional, Stoevenbelt, Andrea H., additional, Wicherts, Jelte M., additional, and van Aert, Robbie C. M., additional

Published
2023
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