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The purpose of the article is to identify the essence of the concept of “freedom” in the cognitive-semantic fi eld of I. Franko’s verse “Still not lost!”. In the framework of the defi ned goal, the following tasks have been solved: the features of the verbal representation of the concept of “freedom” in poetic discourse of the poetry by Ivan Franko have been clarifi ed; its compliance with the linguistic and cultural profi le of the Ukrainian language has been substantiated. I t is established that the linguistic design of the text of the poem is an example of the discursive confi guration of the concept, which refl ected the individual and author’s understanding of the world and himself in it. The concept of “freedom” is culturally relevant, which manifests itself on the lexical, phraseological and syntactical levels, in various means of objectification, in syntagmatic fullness, peculiarities of metaphorical comprehension and paremic interpretation. The concept is a mental entity that is scattered among the signs of the language and can be implemented by a number of verbal / nonverbal means. In the author’s mind there is a certain individual associative relationship between the concept and the sign, which is based on their own life experience, due to the physical, psychological, emotional state, the purpose of discourse, etc. Conclusions: socio-cultural dynamics of the national language allows changes in the artistic and poetic conceptualization of the concept of “freedom”. In this sense, the writer and his work, as well as the linguistic means of the discourse are the transfer-transmitter of the concept and its signifi cance in the bonds of generations, epochs,cultures, etc. The valorative scope of the concept of “freedom” in the text of the verse is determined by its author’s discourse as the value of the existence of man and nation, which corresponds to the philosophical and mental guidelines of the Ukrainian linguistic and cultural community. Prospects for further research are the study of the conceptosphere of other latest poems by Ivan Franko.

The article deals with the axiological and modal parameters of the evaluation of a woman as a personality as a speaker of the beautiful sex of mankind with the help of characterizing means of language: aphorisms of various types, winged sayings, proverbs, sayings, etc. It is proved that a woman is the engine of progress, the basis and cause of all that happens in society, as well as the object of love and a doration. A woman is perceived and evaluated by the following parameters: appearance;as an object of love and deifi cation; manner of behavior, due to features of the character and properties of the psyche; as a guardian of the home hearth; female luck; role in society. In the circle of aphoristic expressions and winged expressions associated with the fi rst position in this series of categorical features, two subgroups are clearly distinguished: a) not personifi ed, the general characteristic of a woman as a generalized subject; b) a personifi ed score having its addressee and that, due to the accuracy and expressiveness of its verbalization, became a winged one. In all the variety of phraseological units (idioms, phrases, proverbs, sayings, aphorisms, linguistic stamps, winged sentences and literary citations), as well as in units of text, the image of the beautiful sex of mankind in different times and epochs is drawn up, fi xed and preserved for the descendants. In them, the characteristic features of a woman are refl ected not only in general sense content, but also in the features of its individual mental system, magnetized by emotions and intentions, as well as its value relation to the surrounding and to itself. Verbal complexes of different types verbalize the image of women as a source and carrier of forming tendencies of general cultural and social development through the prism of national-cultural specifics.

Introduction. The paper is devoted to the study of semantic innovations and peculiarities of the lexicographic interpretation of lexical units used to designate colors in Soviet times based on the analysis of the materials of the “Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language” in 11 volumes(1970–1980). The importance of this research is caused by the need of a thorough study of the influence of Soviet ideology on the semantics of words from various thematic groups, including those perceived as non-politically significant having initially neutral meanings.Purpose. The aim of the paper is to analyze the influence of Soviet ideology on the lexicographic description of the names of colors, to study the functional-semantic transformationsof the lexemes denoting the names of colors, that was induced by socio-political factors of the Soviet period.Methods. The investigation is grounded on the methods of descriptive and componential analysis, as well as contextual analysis.Results. It has been found out that the names of colors became ideologically connoted under the conditions of functioning in the Soviet totalitarian discourse. First of all, the changes were found in the semantics of archetypal color names such as red, white and black, as well as golden. Expansion of the compatibility of analyzed lexemes and formation of new figurative and symbolic meanings in them have been revealed. Changes in the antonymic relationshipsbetween the words used to designate colors as compared to their traditional semantic relationships in the national world view have been established.Analysis of vocabulary items aimed at revealing the semantic content of color names enabled to determine the lexicographic methods of their ideologization, namely, their use in the definitions and illustrative material of ideological-evaluative adjectives, pejorative components, illustrations from authoritative in the Soviet society sources characterized by an expressive valuation from the communist ideology point of view, use of contradistinction.Conclusion. Consequently, the names of colors in the Soviet period became the bearers of a distinct positive or negative valuation conditioned by ideological factors. They were verbal expressions of the value priorities of society and contributed significantly to the dissemination of mental stereotypes and the formation of the official linguistic picture of the world.

This article deals with the question of the diglossic code-switching in the Arabic spoken language and especially in learned discourses. I aim to explain the rhetorical inherent value in the diglossic code-switching in the Arabic spoken language and I will attempt to show through a series of examples drawn from an Aljazeera episode, how the juxtaposition of standard Arabic and colloquial Arabic can be a vehicle for messages that bear rhetorical / metaphorical values.

This paper deals with the use of personal pronouns (PPs) in Ancient Greek in two Aristophanes’ comedies (i.e. Lysistrata and Ecclesiazusae). The main purpose of this study is to show that Ancient Greek PPs often have a pragmatic function, in particular linked to the speaker’s communicative goals. The analysis highlights the presence of a gender-related distribution and a context-dependent use of personal pronouns. In particular, male characters prefer 1st person singular pronouns, whereas female characters use more 1st person plural pronouns with an inclusive value. Moreover, in two communicative frameworks it is possible to notice how PPs are used for their value of membership categorization. In this respect PPs can be considered possible markers of autonomía or afiliación (see Bravo 1999). Some peculiar instances of referential ambiguities concern in particular the use of 1st and 2nd person plural pronouns in both comedies.The analysis shows that use of Ancient Greek PPs varies according to gender and context. Moreover, it is clear that in both comedies this variation should be explained mainly as a pragmatic strategy of membership categorization, thus showing instances of non-prototypical uses of PPs similar to other languages (e.g. Spanish, English, Modern Greek).

This paper examines the use of increments (Schegloff 1996, Ford et al. 2002) in naturally occurring Navajo discourse (conversation.) Navajo is a polysynthetic verb-final language belonging to the Athabascan family, spoken in the American Southwest. It finds that Navajo increments, specifically “glue-ons” (Couper-Kuhlen & Ono this volume) appear in the form of temporal or locative adverbial phrases as well as unattached NPs, as is the case in English and other languages. However, Navajo increments do not appear to serve two functions suggested by Ford et al.(2002) for increments in English: “pursuing uptake” in the case of lack of recipiency, and the indexing of a “stance display” toward the speaker’s own previous utterance. This is not surprising given other cultural differences in Athabaskan interaction which revolve around a value on individual autonomy, with important consequences for language use.

Wouter Schouten (1638-1704) is the well-known writer of Oost-Indische voyagie, published in 1676, where he relates in vivid detail his experiences as a chirurgijn (medical assistant) in VOC service from 1658 till 1665, during which years his inquisitive nature brought him to the Moluccas and Celebes, and the Indian subcontinent, including Arakan (Burma) and Ceylon. A number of times he miraculously survived—shipwrecks and war with European competitors or indigenous rulers made life a hazardous enterprise. However, his rock-solid Calvinist faith never left him, and God’s blessing was, according to Schouten, responsible for his survival and the VOC successes. Schouten must have intended to add a poem to each chapter of the printed text of his itinerary. This plan came to nought, but two versions of the 36 poems are preserved in Schouten’s handwriting in the Koninklijke Bibliotheek in The Hague. In a fine edition these are now published for the first time. In his often extensive poems Schouten summarizes the events related in the prose version, adding comments and professing his devoutness. He certainly harboured literary pretensions, was well aware of the literary conventions of the time and the greater value ascribed to poetry in comparison to prose. After a brief general introduction the poems are included, with a summary

Semantic scene segmentation has primarily been addressed by forming representations of single images both with supervised and unsupervised methods. The problem of semantic segmentation in dynamic scenes has begun to recently receive attention with video object segmentation approaches. What is not known is how much extra information the temporal dynamics of the visual scene carries that is complimentary to the information available in the individual frames of the video. There is evidence that the human visual system can effectively perceive the scene from temporal dynamics information of the scene's changing visual characteristics without relying on the visual characteristics of individual snapshots themselves. Our work takes steps to explore whether machine perception can exhibit similar properties by combining appearance-based representations and temporal dynamics representations in a joint-learning problem that reveals the contribution of each toward successful dynamic scene segmentation. Additionally, we provide the MIT Driving Scene Segmentation dataset, which is a large-scale full driving scene segmentation dataset, densely annotated for every pixel and every one of 5,000 video frames. This dataset is intended to help further the exploration of the value of temporal dynamics information for semantic segmentation in video.

The present contribution takes cultural semiotics as its theoretical vantage point ontranslation, and delves specifically in the concepts of diversity and standardness asthey develop characteristically within the semiosphera (Lotman [1984] 2005).Standardness and diversity define the complex maze of intra-cultural relations thatprefigure and possibilitate the intercultural relation, especially through translation.The semiosphere is the sociocultural system within which the standard texts of theculture coexist with the rest in a hierarchy that places the standard at a position ofprominence. The standard texts of a culture occupy a core position in a hierarchythat defines them as forming the educated core. They are texts that partake of theprestige and pre-eminence of the group that circulates them, distinguishable fromthe substandard texts in the same culture. Within a semiosphere the standard is anorm and the reference point for the interpretation of symbolic value, which, forlanguage and translation studies, relies on the subcultural (High vs. Low)differentiation existing in the intraculture and conditioning the forms of crossculturaltransference. On one hand we claim that translation per se should beradically reconceptualized as being the process that possibilitates communicationthrough an understanding of diversity within –and through– discourse and, also, as aprocess of management of that diversity in pursuit of interpretative convergence(intertextual, intersubjective, intercultural) from an initial position of linguisticdivergence. This divergence is resolved in translation. On the other hand we need tounderline the importance of the individual translators’ task within these widersociocultural processes. The important role played by translators in the modernization of theirsemiospheres will be discussed presently in relation to a highly significant case,which was the onset of Anglo-American Imagism and Literary Modernism at the endof the Meiji Era, or the end of the Victorian era. It was not coincidental that afterdecades of novel translation work (from Japanese into English and from English intoJapanese) conducted by translators like Noguchi, Hearn, Fenollosa, or Ezra Pound,the modernization of Japanese and Anglo-American literature would take place. Inthe process of translating, these translators were learning from Source textualityhow to write Target texts whose new hybrid forms taught them, and the literary profession surrounding them, how to renovate the standards of their nativesemiospheres.

The review article presents various views on the periodization of Russian literature in the 1920s and 1930s and provides arguments in favor of new, refined approaches to the boundaries of the period. Particularly noteworthy are the works of those authors who point to the need for an expanded understanding of the twenties. The concept of the Big Twenties is of particular value in connection with the centenary of the magazine Krasnaya Nov , which made a significant contribution to the literary process of that time.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the Semipalatinsk and Kuznetsk periods in the life and work of F.M. Dostoevsky. The purpose of the study is to reveal the Kazakh-Siberian periods in the fate of the Russian writer, their reflection in the letters and works of art by F.M. Dostoevsky. In the year of the 200th anniversary of the birth of the Russian writer, we cannot talk about the complete study of the indicated periods of the life of the prose writer, which, of course, to one degree or another, were reflected in his prose. This determines the degree of novelty of this article. Dostoevsky is dear to Kazakhstan. He not only served his exile, but also found a friend here, sincere and quivering - the historian, orientalist, ethnographer Ch. Valikhanov. The stories Uncle's Dream and The Village of Stepanchikovo and Its Inhabitant, the first chapters of Notes from the Dead House were written in Semipalatinsk. The story The village of Stepanchikovo and its inhabitants (1857-1859) has the author's clarification: From the notes of the unknown. Many works of fiction in world literature are the result of travel notes, diaries. Undoubtedly, the restoration of the history of the Kazakh-Siberian period of the life and work of F.M. Dostoevsky is of great value, because the greatest Russian writer experienced spiritual revival there, in Kazahstan. The works of F.M. Dostoevsky were included in the literature program of secondary schools in Kazakhstan, translated into Kazakh ( The Idiot, The Brothers Karamazov translated by N. Syzdykov). Dostoevsky scholars of Kazakhstan in the XXI century continue to study the writers works.

The Portuguese grammatical tradition generally assumes that -ecer is a suffix component characteristic of inchoative verbs, in other words, verbs that express the beginning of a state or process. In this article, we will seek to determine the extent to which this aspectual value of the verbs ending in -ecer is attested in both contemporary Portuguese and earlier stages of the language. For that purpose, we will analyse the meaning of five verbs ending in -ecer (adormecer ‘to fall asleep’, amanhecer ‘to dawn’, amarelecer ‘to yellow’, apodrecer ‘to rot’, endurecer ‘to harden’) along their diachronic path based on instances found in the CIPM - Corpus Informatizado do Portugues Medieval and lexicographic corpora published from the 16th century onwards. The available data allow us to conclude that as early as Ancient Portuguese, verbs ending in -ecer denote events that focus on the final stage of the change suffered by an entity, rather than expressing an event in its beginning.

becomes the mandatory part of an article which should be concise and lexically condensed. Unfortunately, not all academic writers can meet this demand. Following Halliday Matthiessen’s (1999) types of the grammatical metaphor in which the nominalization plays as the main tendency of the construal, this study investigates nominalization cases and how they are manifested in the texts. Seven graduate students’ thesis abstracts of the Linguistics Department of a state university in Indonesia were opted as the object of the investigation. Each instance of the nominalization was coded, counted, and classified to decide their types and an in-depth elaboration of how they are manifested in the texts is provided as well. The results showed that the graduate students employed all types of the nominalization to increase the abstracts’ conciseness. The Process nominalization realized from the process-thing transference highly dominates the abstracts. The findings also reveal a wide gap of the nominalization use between the process nominalization and the other types indicating the students’ lower intermediacy of the nominalization mastery in the academic writing. Therefore, the explicit teaching of the nominalization is highly recommended as this could be of value to the students involved in the scientific publication in this university.

Historian with multiple interests, librarian, musician, man of culture and great modernist, scholar, in particular, of Eighteenth-Century Italy, Calogero Farinella prematurely left us in June 2019, at just over sixty years old. His publications on eighteenth-century Genoa and Enlightenment science (Verona especially: Francesco Bianchini, Anton Mario Lorgna and the Accademia dei Quaranta) make and will always give in the studies of history of culture. A student of salvatore Rotta (1926-2001), from whom he muttered his passion for the 18th century in particular, Farinella graduated under his guidance on William Godwin (1756-1836), father of Mary Shelley, radical philosopher and political writer of the libertarian area, who, with his fundamental work, marks the passage, in Britain, from the Enlightenment to Romanticism. On Godwin’s figure and writings, obtaining them from his dissertation of his degree, Farinella extracted and published in the Eighties of the last century two articles, appeared in the volume of the Miscellanea storica ligure containing many studies in honor of the Professor Francesco Cataluccio (William Godwin ed il suo Journal all’epoca della Rivoluzione Francese, xv, 1984) and later on Studi settecenteschi (Il governo più semplice. Il mito democratico-repubblicano in William Godwin, viii, 1987). A third article, which contains really interesting ideas about Godwin’s utopian novel, remained unpublished, to this day, despite the objective and relevant value of Farinella’s contribution. We therefore believe that we are doing something that is pleasing to the memory of our friend and scholar by publishing it here for the first time., Storico dai molteplici interessi, bibliotecario, musicista, uomo di cultura e grande modernista, studioso, in particolare, dell’Italia settecentesca, Calogero Farinella ci ha prematuramente lasciati nel giugno del 2019, a poco più di sessanta anni. Le sue pubblicazioni sulla Genova del Settecento e sulla scienza illuminista (veronese specialmente: Francesco Bianchini, Anton Mario Lorgna e l’Accademia dei Quaranta) fanno e faranno sempre data negli studi di storia della cultura. Allievo tra i più brillanti di Salvatore Rotta (1926-2001), dal quale mutuò la passione per il XVIII secolo in particolare, Farinella si laureò sotto la sua guida su William Godwin (1756-1836), padre di Mary Shelley, filosofo e scrittore politico di area libertaria, che, con la sua fondamentale opera, marchia a fuoco il passaggio, in Gran Bretagna, dai Lumi al Romanticismo. Sulla figura e gli scritti di Godwin, ricavandoli dalla propria dissertazione di laurea, Farinella estrasse e pubblicò, negli anni Ottanta del secolo scorso, due articoli, apparsi nel volume della «Miscellanea storica ligure» contenente gli Studi in onore di Francesco Cataluccio (William Godwin ed il suo Journal all’epoca della Rivoluzione Francese, xv, 1984), e poi su Studi settecenteschi (Il governo più semplice. Il mito democratico-repubblicano in William Godwin, viii, 1987). Un terzo ampio articolo, che contiene spunti davvero interessanti sul romanzo utopistico di Godwin, rimase inedito, sino a oggi, malgrado l’oggettivo e rilevante valore del contributo di Farinella. Crediamo, pertanto, di fare cosa gradita alla memoria dell’amico e dello studioso pubblicandolo per la prima volta, in questa sede.

The article is dedicated to the study of paradigmatic relations of adjectives on the semantic level in the scientific style. Paradigmatic ties in the nucleus and the first periphery are determined and compared. The object of study is adjectives in the scientific style. The subject of the study is paradigmatic ties on the semantic level. The goal is to investigate and compare paradigmatic ties of adjectives in the scientific style. The topicality is caused by the necessity of study of paradigmatic ties of adjectives in the scientific style as they have not been investigated yet. In our study the statistical method was used such as the correlation analysis which helps to determine intensity and character of ties. The more there is the dependence between signs, the more the quantity of coefficient of correlation will approach to 1. In case of the absence of the statistical dependence the quantity of coefficient of correlation will be about zero or equals zero. Using the quantity of usage LSG of adjectives were divided into the nucleus and the first periphery. Due to the correlation analysis paradigmatic ties of LSG of adjectives within the nucleus and within the first periphery and between them were found and analyzed. In our study the statistical method was used such as χІ -which shows presence or absence of a tie. The coefficient K indicates the force (intensity) of ties. Due to it the ties are divided into strong, mean and weak ones. Statistically meaningful ties of lexical-semantic groups (LSG) of adjectives were analyzed. A scientific novelty is in distinguishing the nucleus and the first periphery and investigating paradigmatic ties between them. Conclusions. LSG of adjectives within the first periphery create not a big number of ties in comparison with the number of ties with LSG of adjectives of the nucleus. LSG of adjectives “Natural and physical state” and “Space value of distance and duration” are distinguished as making up the biggest number of ties with nucleus. The study shows that LSG of adjectives within of the first periphery are more independent between themselves and are able to have free ties. Paradigmatic ties of LSG of adjectives within the nucleus have the tendency to dependence and a mutual influence.

Right from its foundation in 1540, the Society of Jesus recognised the value and role of visual description (ekphrasis) in the persuasive rhetoric of Jesuit missionary accounts. Over a century later, when Jesuit missions were to be found on all the inhabited continents of the world then known to Europeans, descriptions of the new-found lands were being read for the entertainment as well as the edification of their Old World audiences. The first official history of the Society's missions in the vernacular, the volumes authored by Daniello Bartoli (1608–1685), played an important role in communicating a sense of the distinctiveness of the order's global mission. Referred to by Giacomo Leopardi (1798–1837) as the ‘Dante of baroque prose’, Bartoli developed a particularly variegated and intensely visual idiom to meet the challenge of describing parts of the world which the majority of his readers, including himself, would never visit.

The text discusses a book, edited by Anna Niedźwiedź and Kaja Kaider, on the interpenetrating spheres of cultural heritage and the sacred of Krakow. The authors of the book focus on the material urban heritage, which still seems to be an underrated resource of the past. In the presented anthropological understanding of it, material objects not only reveal a whole range of meanings that help shape the city’s genius loci and the identities of its inhabitants and visitors associated with it, but also constitute a cognitive value in a strictly historical dimension. Under an anthropological scrutiny, stately buildings and small souvenirs gain an importance equal to that of written historical sources, while the titular heritage and the sacred show their unbreakable unity. It is also noteworthy that the book is a printed equivalent of an exhibition on the same subject that took place in the Krakow ethnographic museum.

This study examines the lexical complexity of undergraduate students' speaking performance, taking from their performance in Pechakucha. Pechakucha is an internet-based platform that enables people to do their presentations at a specific time and share it worldwide. The researcher uses PechaKucha since it enhances the students' actual speaking competence by giving them limited time to discuss an image. The lexical complexity of the students' speaking performance is measured using Lexical Complexity Analyser (LCA). This present study finds a significant difference between students' lexical frequency when performing descriptive and narrative oral presentations, shown by the sig.2-tailed of that variable is less than 0.05. While on the other hand, students' lexical variation, lexical density and lexical sophistication showed that the sig-2 tailed value is higher than 0.05, which means there is no significant difference between those two oral presentations. The finding indicates that the students' word choices are similar, and the measurements of their lexical complexity are influenced by the different requirements applied in two oral presentations. In addition, Pechakucha is one of the speaking activities which can be an alternative activity during online classes which prevent students from having face-to-face speaking activity.

A study of epic formulas that explicate variations of the concept THOUGHT in the olonkho text of the narrator T. V. Zakharova-Chebiy “Ala Bulkun”, which refers to the early (pre-revolutionary) records of the Yakut epic, is carried out. The results of a conceptual analysis of variations of the concept THOUGHT, which, according to the author's observations, are formed during the functioning of the lexemes sanaa ‘thought’ (39 formulas) and tolkuy ‘thought, idea, consideration, reflection’ (7 formulas), taking into account the general context of epic formulas are presented in the article. It has been established that the concept THOUGHT, as a prototype that reveals the greatest number of characteristics, underlies the formation of the following concept-variations derived from it: ANGRY THOUGHTS, BOLD THOUGHTS, REFLECTION, INTENTION, LIGHTNESS, BAD THOUGHTS, HEAVY THOUGHTS, HURRY THOUGHTS and THOUGHTS ABOUT LOVE. It has been established that conceptual information can also come from the general context of an epic formula without a representative lexeme. It was revealed that the studied concepts carry an axiological load and serve to reveal the images of epic characters. According to the author, the estimated value of the concepts under consideration, in addition to the cognitive function itself, is also one of the factors contributing to the stability of the epic formula.

Professor of the Oriental Faculty of the Imperial University of St. Petersburg Vladimir F. Guirgass (1835–1887) is one of the founders of the Academic Arabic Studies in Russia and the first Russian Arabist of the European level. As a young man V. F. Guirgass carried out an extremely fruitful Academic journey to the Arab Orient, which was also eminent for him from the vie-point of areal studies. The results of this travelling experience produced a substantial effect upon the rest of the life of Guirgass as a scholar and as a professor. The legacy of Guirgass appears to be to a high degree fundamental. Among his exploits are educational supplies (on the Muslim Law and the Arabic Literature), readers for beginners in Arabic, as well as for advanced students (the latter is aimed at instructing future experts in divers genres of the Classical Arabic Literature) and the first Arabic-Russian Vocabulary, which still remains unique as a dictionary of the Classical Arabic in Russia. At the termination of his earthy life V. Guirgass prepared for the publication the text of a major classical Arabic Medieval work on History, that is Kitab al-Akhbar al-Tiwal (The Book of the Long Narrations) by al-Dinawari (9th c.). Some of the attainments carried out by V. Guirgass are shared by his disciple, who later was promoted to the membership of the Russian Imperial Academy of Sciences, V. R. Rosen (1849–1908). The two scholars were active at those times, when the essential Arabic sources, that they were anxious about, still remained unpublished in the form of manuscripts. All these items are under the discussion in the present article. In the course of the presentation, the Author analyses the works by Guirgass that became available to him for a study lake that. Special attention is paid to “The Sketch of the Arabic Literature” (1874), as there is a project of carrying out its new edition. The work is of a special importance, as it has been for a long time the only complete account of the Classical Arabic Literature in the Russian Language, aimed at the purposes of the Higher Education in the field of the Arabic Studies. While informing the present-day Arabists about the life and acts of a for-father of our contemporary Studies, the Author was striving to reveal their continual value for our profession.

Attention towards and interest in the genre of the tale began rather belatedly in Hungarian culture. The paper provides a concise overview of the history of assigning value to this narrative genre: how it transformed from a trivial genre of idle amusement of the uneducated people into a precious cultural item that is an essential part of national heritage being safeguarded and studied from a number of perspectives. Parallel with the rise of the genre, a decline of the earliest known tales has taken place due to certain authenticity criteria retrospectively applied by newly formed disciplines as well as the standardization and naturalization of a specific mode of narration.

Recent films have attracted a lot of audiences, because many films have appeared with moral messages. This is evidenced by the number of films circulating by instilling the value of positive messages that are packaged in a concise, straightforward and interesting manner. So that many film makers have emerged to produce their works so that they can be watched by the public and can have a positive impact. Of the many films that are presented on the big screen, they have offered various colors in such a way, of course, adapted to the phenomena that are happening in society. Among them are the variety of films that are presented on the big screen, some are moral messages that are so constructive and in accordance with actual events in society, one of which is the short film “Tilik”. The research method used is qualitative in the form of semiotic analysis of Tilik Film Representations, this approach also allows researchers to use data as well as possible to be able to develop components of analytical, conceptual, categorical and flexible information. There are many signs in Tilik Film which have implied meanings. Director Tilik is very good at wrapping moral messages through the daily life of the village community through a film that only lasts 32 minutes, 34 seconds. These signs are displayed through several aspects such as the setting and setting of the film, shooting techniques, characters and dialogue between characters, scenes made by players, to the selection of the wardrobe of the characters in the film Tilik. These aspects then help build the film's storyline that produces moral messages. Keywords: representation, roland barthes semiotics, film

El presente texto analiza un álbum fotográfico con un sentido religioso muy particular. A las fotografías contenidas en dicho conjunto se les atribuyó un sentido devocional en tanto que consisten en representaciones de José de León Toral —fanático católico que asesinó al presidente mexicano Álvaro Obregón en 1928—. De acuerdo con lo anterior, las fotografías son consideradas como reliquias por los creyentes, aspecto que nos permite cuestionar el valor de la fotografía como una extensión del cuerpo. El álbum no sólo reconstruye la memoria del personaje, sino que recupera la larga tradición de las vidas de los santos cristianos para presentarnos una vida modélica que, desde la materialidad del álbum y las fotografías, confecciona un cuerpo-objeto, el cual es posible considerar como una fotohagiografía de uno de los personajes más polémicos de la historia del siglo XX mexicano.

The Spanish benefactive verbal periphrasis dar ‘give’ + gerund is unique to the Spanish spoken in Ecuador and it seems to have emerged in the historical Ecuadorian context of multilingualism. The analysis presented sheds light to the intricacies of the construction, taking into consideration the inherent aspect of the gerundial verb. Oral data was collected during two months of participant observation in Ecuador. The aspectual theoretical analysis of Verkuyl (1993), González (2003) and González and Verkuyl (2017) is applied to the data in order to determine the inherent aspectual value of the gerundial verb in the predications. The results show that there is an overwhelming use of terminative predications. Additionally, some predications that prima facie seem durative can be interpreted as terminative. This finding can be partially explained by particular linguistic phenomena only appearing in the Spanish in contact with Kichwa. Moreover, this study adds empirical proof of how relevant discourse is in aspectual representations.

The purpose of this article is to characterize the basic ideas of the conception of significs, the original science of sign and meaning that emerged at the turn of the 19th-20th centuries in the works of Victoria Lady Welby (1837-1912). The article explains the features of significs, which considers the meaning of verbal and non-verbal signs as a complex hierarchical structure, the levels of which are sense, meaning, and significance. Significance includes the preceding levels and takes into account their relations with axiological characteristics. The author points out that the content of the structure of sense-meaning-significance can be represented in different ways, depending on metaphorical, terminological, social and communicative factors. The conception of significs thus becomes universal and fundamental. The article emphasizes that significs highlights the dynamic nature of meaning, considering changes, that take place on each of its levels. The author sees in this fact the connection of significs with the evolutionary ideas contained in linguistics and natural science, and traces the process of formation of significs, arguing that its foundations lie in the description of various examples of the use of language, undertaken by V. Welby at the early stages of her research. The article is based on the study and comparative analysis of both the works of V. Welby herself and the commentary literature. In conclusion the author specifizes the value of the conception of significs as an integral dynamic theory of sign, meaning, and significance, which incorporates the various aspects of sign issues - from the logical and linguistic to the axiological and pragmatic ones, and indicates the ways of explication the impact of significs on the subsequent development of semiotic, philosophical, and linguistic researches.

Te article provides a comprehensive culture-through-language analysis of the poetical cycle “Mexican Divertimento” by Joseph Brodsky. It describes the basic principles of its poems’ construction, their stylistic features, interconnections between them, as well as with further elements of the poet’s creative heritage and other authors’ works. Te author of the article analyzes the place and role of the IberoAmerican theme in Brodsky’s poetry, which has not previously been reflected in experts’ works. Brodsky’s reception of Mexican culture and history episodes from different periods demonstrates his deep knowledge of these issues, which before the trip to Mexico could hardly have been familiar to him. At the same time, the author of the article outlines a number of inaccuracies and errors in history, toponymy, onomastics and other areas, wondering about their intentional or accidental character. Based on the results of the analysis, the article concludes that the cycle under study, while remaining self-sufcient and self-valuable in form and content, organically fts into Brodsky’s stylistic and ideological paradigm of the 1970s-1980s. At the same time, the analyzed text not only has a high artistic value, but also in linguo-cultural terms reflects the peculiarities of Mexican culture, its history, as well as Russian-Mexican cultural ties.

This study aims to show the artistic and literary value of Al-Nahshli poem. The pleasure of the text comes from the presence of its textual standards, highlighting its thematic unity, which is so clear from the general meaning of the texts, without relying on the linguistic links that represent the standard of consistency, which is the first of the seven text criteria for De Beaugrande & Dressler (1981). The poem is a sad contemplation, a complaint about the passing of time, and a tingling twinge of old age that includes judgments and sermons inspired by human experiences on the extent of his historical consciousness; the idea of ​​death dominates the poem from beginning to end, this fate that human thought in all its stages as a state of dilemma; the poet was one of those who felt this fate.

The article is devoted of the question of studying the derivation of informal names (nicknames, call signs) by phonetic and semantic associations. The author proves of this problem being adequate, actual and perspective. The associativity as a means of wordformation in onomastics of different years outlined and defineed in works by O. Verbovetska, N. Brener, Y. Karaulov, M. Khudash, O. Nakhimova, N. Fedotova and other. N. Khrustyk studied the associativity as the associative way word-building in derivatology. The purpose of our research is to study the derivation of nicknames and call signs by associativity as a means of word-formation. The object of the research is the ways wordbuilding. The subject of our research is the associativity as a means for the formation of the nicknames and call signs of the Ukrainian language. To teach the aim we should solve such problems: to study a mechanism for the production of the nicknames, call signs by a means of associativity; to define way of word-building of this derivatives. Metodology. The empirical method, the observation of language material, the descriptive method, the method of derivational analysis are used. Findling. The research results show, that the associative way word-building is the method for the formation onyms (nicknames, call signs) by phonetic and semantic associations. The article specifies the specifics of the mechanism for the derivation of the nicknames, call signs by a means of associativity. Practical value. The metodology, derivational analysis, elaborated classifications of the ways word-building of informal names (nicknames, call signs) in this article can be used in the process of writting textbooks in word-formation of the Ukrainian language at a high school. Results. The associative way word-building is proved an existence in derivatology.

The article studies the system of mythological names in I.A. Bunins poetic heritage. The relevance of the topic is due to the unexplored problems of word-formation motivation, semantics, structure, and the role of mythological names in I.A. Bunins prose and poetic texts. The aim of the paper is to analyze the connotative potential of different-structured mythological names which are significant for the artistic system of I.A. Bunin. The actual material of the study contains I.A. Bunins poetic texts written in 1888-1952. The main research methods are descriptive, etymological, contextual, semantic methods, and structural analysis. The inventory of more than 700 poetic contexts of I.A. Bunin made it possible to identify 152 mythological names from various sources. The selected units were systematized on four features: semantics, etymology, structure, and frequency of use. The analysis of the connotative potential of some simple, composite and complex mythological names allowed to come to the conclusion that they accumulate additional emotional-evaluative, symbolic meanings. New combinations of meanings, qualitative and quantitative changes in the connotative content of mythological names are provided by the individual authors reinterpretation of primary sources, the complexity of motivational relations between producing units and derivatives, and the semantic environment of a particular unit. Mythological names are associated with the key motifs, themes, ideas, and value oppositions of I.A. Bunins picture of the world. The study of the features of the system of I.A. Bunins mythological names with the tools of linguistics and literary studies, philosophy, and cultural studies is one of the undoubted prospects of research.

The purpose of this article is to describe the meaning of the adjective rich and its systemic connections in the linguocultural aspect. Tasks: 1) determine the lexicosemantic variants of the adjective rich; 2) identify its synonyms and antonyms; 3) compare the semes of the adjective rich presented in different dictionaries. The relevance of this paper lies in the fact that the English linguistic worldview includes a certain area associated with linguocultural ideas about wealth that is represented by the adjective rich and its synonyms and antonyms. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the fact that for the first time the semes of the adjective rich are considered in terms of linguistic worldview and the theory of mentality. The research material was selected from modern authoritative English dictionaries. The main methods used here are the method of component analysis of vocabulary definitions, descriptive method using interpretation and generalization techniques, comparative method, and elements of the linguocultural method. The analysis showed that the adjective rich in the English language has 34 semes, which can be combined into 8 thematic groups: 1) person: ‘someone/person/people’, ‘endowed’, ‘have’, ‘possessions’, ‘contain’; ‘entertainment’, ‘(highly) amusing’, ‘(highly) developed’; 2) material wealth: ‘(a lot of) money/material wealth/property’, ‘(financially) profitable’, ‘remunerative’, ‘valuable/high value’; 3) abundance: ‘lush/abounding/abundant’, ‘a high standard of living’, ‘supplied’; 4) perception: ‘colour’, smell/fragrance’, ‘sound/tone’, ‘taste’; 5) something material: ‘(natural) substance’, ‘food (with fat/oil/eggs/sugar)’, ‘plant/nutrients’; 6) resources: ‘combustion’, ‘source’; 7) evaluation: ‘attractive/magnificently impressive/pleasant’, ‘beautiful’, ‘good’, ‘(highly) productive’, ‘(highly) varied’, ‘useful’; 8) quality: ‘complex’, ‘pure/nearly pure’, ‘percentage’, ‘quality’. In addition, 26 synonyms and 4 antonyms of the adjective rich were identified. For citation: Mendesheva M.M. Systemic Lexicosemantic Connections of the Adjective Rich in English. Vestnik Severnogo (Arkticheskogo) federal’nogo universiteta. Ser.: Gumanitarnye i sotsial’nye nauki, 2021, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 54–62. DOI: 10.37482/2687-1505-V116

This paper investigates the quantitative distribution (type and token frequencies, and type-per-token ratio [TTR]) of motion verbs found in English and Indonesian versions of the novel Twilight (Meyer, 2005; Sari, 2008). The study is contextualized within two divergent views on the typological characteristics of Indonesian lexicalization patterns of motion events. One study (Son, 2009) suggests that Indonesian behaves like English, representing a satellite-framed pattern (i.e., lexicalizing Manner of motion in the main verb) while another study (Wienold, 1995) argues for the verb-framed nature of Indonesian (i.e., lexicalizing Path of motion in the main verb). We seek to offer a quantitative perspective to these two proposals. Our study shows that, compared to English, Indonesian has significantly higher number (i.e., types) and occurrences (i.e., tokens) of Path verbs (reflecting the verb-framed pattern). Moreover, the higher TTR value of Path verbs for Indonesian shows a greater lexical diversity in the inventory of Indonesian Path verbs compared to English. In contrast, the English Manner verbs are significantly higher in number and in token frequency than Indonesian (suggesting the satellite-framed pattern), and show greater lexical diversity given the higher TTR value. While these findings lean toward supporting the verb-framed pattern of Indonesian (Wienold, 1995), we caution with the limitation of our conclusion and offer suggestions for future study.

The article addresses several issues concerning a Japanese fan and the kimonos found in the collection of Ivan Skušek from Slovene Ethnographic Museum. They belonged to Ivan Skušek’s Japanese wife Marija Tsuneko Skušek, and were after her death donated to the museum together with other objects from the Skušek collection. With analysing these items and researching the life of Marija Tsuneko Skušek the article discusses the roles these objects had in transmitting Japanese culture to Slovene audience with a focus on the Japanese dances as one way of transmission. During her life in Ljubljana, Marija Skušek in one way adopted to the Slovene society very quickly, but on the other hand she presented Japanese culture and her identity in several lectures along with Japanese songs, dances and a tea ceremony. With researching the roles and values of these object in the museum collection, the article also discusses the importance of understanding not only the physical appearance of the items and their life, but also the wider background of items and collection, focusing also on the owner of these items in the relation to the collector. It is also important to stress how these objects transformed from daily objects of use to rarefied art after they were handed over to the museum, and within this process their value also changed.

The present article allows itself a slight transgression: to talk about drawings without showing them. It is proposed to show only one work, “Weekend House in Sao Paulo”, because through it, it is possible to infer the drawings that allowed us to think of it as a project. It is a kind of filter, a proof of the effective value of drawing applied to the project in its various forms and successive phases, that is, if in this “visit” to the work and its reasons the drawings do not emerge, it is because they were not necessary to the process. In the end, the drawings, those that really count for the process of project and work, remain printed in the work itself.

How can a poem be true? This autoethnographic study uses poetic inquiry to explore the boundaries between fiction and reality within poetic experience. A series of poems composed during, and about, the current COVID-19 pandemic, provides a means of understanding the experience of having one’s everyday reality overturned by crisis. A central theme of the author’s poems and accompanying reflections is how art can be used to explore psychological experiences, such as melancholia and depression, and, in turn how the experience of suffering can be used to facilitate artistic expression. Using poetic inquiry, the author examines the complex interplay between speaker and authorial intention, fiction and truth, text and the performance of writing, reading, and poetic interpretation.

The features of the organization of the artistic world of a fantastic work are considered. The material was the works of O. Gromyko, written in the genre of fantasy. The main parameters of the organization of the artistic world are analyzed: artistic space, artistic time and the picture of the heroes’ world, understood as a system of their value attitudes and rules. The relevance of the study is due not only to the wide popularity of works of science fiction, but also to the ability to analyze the linguistic means of creating a “secondary world” using this material. The scientific novelty of this work is seen in the fact that linguistic nominative means of forming the main categories of the artistic world: space, time and the picture of the world are investigated. It is shown that the understanding of a fantastic work as a special “otherness of reality” is associated in literary science with the problem of artistic convention. Attention is paid to the description of the main scientific approaches to understanding the primary and secondary artistic conventions. It is noted that the idea of creating a special artistic world in fiction correlates with secondary conventions and fiction, which are interpreted as essential features of any work of art. The author concludes that the exceptional plausibility of the universe under consideration is due to the conceptuality, associativity and duality of the created narrative.

This article describes and critically examines the challenging task of compiling The London–Lund Corpus 2 (LLC–2) from start to end, accounting for the methodological decisions made in each stage and highlighting the innovations. LLC–2 is a half-a-million-word corpus of contemporary spoken British English with recordings from 2014 to 2019. Its size and design are the same as those of the world's first machine-readable spoken corpus, The London–Lund Corpus of Spoken English with data from the 1950s to 1980s. In this way, LLC–2 allows not only for synchronic investigations of contemporary speech but also for principled diachronic research of spoken language across time. Each stage of the compilation of LLC–2 posed its own challenges, ranging from the design of the corpus, the recruitment of the speakers, transcription, markup and annotation procedures, to the release of the corpus to the international research community. The decisions and solutions represent state-of-the-art practices of spoken corpus compilation with important innovations that enhance the value of LLC–2 for spoken corpus research, such as the availability of both the transcriptions and the corresponding time-aligned audio files in a standard compliant format.

Este trabajo aborda la célebre discusión entre Jean Pierre Vernant y George Thomson acerca de la emergencia del Uno parmenideo y el posterior concepto de sustancia desde un perspectiva filosófica y metodológica. A la luz de las críticas de Vernant a Thomson este artículo se propone señalar las premisas filosóficas de la psicología histórica y del materialismo histórico que están en discusión entre los autores. Principalmente, la argumentación se desarrolla alrededor de la noción de “valor”. Las consideraciones althusserianas de Emmanuel Terray sirven como marco conceptual para el análisis crítico.

The aim of this paper is to show the relationship between indexicality, standardization policy and socioeconomic inequalities in the Galician linguistic field (as a minor language of Spain). I will examine the discursive role of Galician elites in the building of indexical orders from the Renaissance movement (19th century) onwards, and its links to the current negative representations of rural Galician. Also, I will explore the relationship between anti-rural prejudices, ideologies of class and standard ideologies, showing how common speakers share the stigmatizing indexical values of the elites, and rural speakers consent to the symbolic violence of which they are victims. Finally, I adapt the concept of gentrification from contemporary urbanism to the linguistic field in order to explain the impact of elitist academic lingualizing discourse on traditional speakers of Galician and also on the value of their varieties in the linguistic market. I support my analysis on the metalinguistic discourse of members of the intellectual elites authorized in the Galician linguistic and cultural field from Renaissance to contemporaneity, attitudinal matched-guise research, and ethnographic studies of the second millennium.

Scientific objective: the main objective of the research was to identify whether the narrative on Ukrainians within the regional web portals of a given media group (Agora SA) is coherent, or whether it contains some differences to be distinguished. Research methods: the methodological basis was a content analysis which covered headlines announcing texts on Ukrainians in two regional web portals of Gazeta Wyborcza: www.wroclaw.wyborcza.pl and www.rzeszow.wyborcza.pl in 2015–2019. The formal aspects, including the length of headlines, the way they were formulated (relationship between statements, questions, and exclamations), as well as content elements, including the main functions fulfilled by the headlines, the linguistic means that appear in them, and the presence of stereotypes, were examined. Results and conclusions: The obtained results indicate the multidimensional image of Ukrainians shaped by the regional services of Gazeta Wyborcza. There were clear differences between the two websites, mainly in the exposure of the topic itself (higher in Subcarpathian Province) and in the valorisation of Ukrainians and Poles, reinforced by the stereotypes. However, the distribution of the function of headlines was similar (dominance of the expressive function), as was the share of headlines mentioning an important person or institution. The authors of the texts also used similar linguistic devices (e.g., colloquialisms, contrastive juxtapositions, rhetorical questions). The media images of Ukrainians in Lower Silesia and Subcarpathian Province encoded in the headlines, despite the formal common features, differ in terms of content, which is probably influenced by the specificity of the events reported by journalists in each of these regions. Cognitive value: the conducted analysis fills a gap in the research on the image of Ukrainians in regional online news portals. Indications of similarities and differences, occurring in the headlines of a single media group in two voivodeships, may inspire further, more extensive research concerning the leaders and basic content of messages, shaping the media image of migrants from Ukraine in Poland.

The purpose of this article is to compare the “heavenly” vocabulary used in the English and Russian texts of the same work in the conditions of the author's translation from the point of view of the writer's bilingualism and the problems of the theory and practice of translation. The main part of the article is a comparative analysis of the lists of lexemes of the "sky" cluster, selected from "Speak, Memory" and «Другие берега»; the study of the syntagmatic connections of sky/небо and their synonyms that characterize the sky in two cultural and linguistic codes of Nabokov, and a comparison of the source and translated contexts containing lexemes sky/небо. The scientific value of the work consists in the fact that the original lexicographic methods of the Kursk school of linguistic folklore study are applied to the proposed empirical material for the first time: the cluster approach, methods of concordance compression and application of dictionary entries. As a result, it is proved that when switching from English to Russian, V. Nabokov departs from his own principle of literal translation.

The purpose of the article is to describe the results of a comprehensive analysis of research methods in scientific articles devoted to translation strategies. The object of analysis is 325 scientific articles in the scientific electronic library Cyberleninka. The subject of the research is methods of researching translation strategies in 325 scientific articles published in the scientific electronic library Cyberleninka. The work used methods of continuous sampling, as well as contextual, discourse analysis, the method of statistical calculation. The finding of the research: the main trends in the use and formulation of research methods for the translation strategy were revealed. Some patterns were found in articles devoted to strategies for translating literary text. Conclusions. In scientific articles devoted to the research of translation strategy, out of 325 articles in 178 articles (i. e. 54.7 %), the research method is indicated extremely vaguely or implicitly (the research method may be implied when specifying the object and / or subject of research, when implementing a thematic directions of the conference or collection of scientific articles, etc.). The research method is indicated in 147 scientific articles (i. e., 45.25 %). The practical value of the research results is possible in the study of scientific philological discourse, as well as in teaching research methods in translation studies and comparative linguistics.

La celebración del centenario del nacimiento del insigne pedagogo de Recife, Paulo Freire, nos convoca en este número Monográfico dedicado a pensar a propósito de su persona y su obra. En este artículo, que tiene como objetivo presentar el número (su sentido y su contenido), nos hacemos eco de la importancia de reivindicar el conocimiento teórico de la educación, apostando por reconectar con la obra de Freire como un autor clásico cuyo valor anida en la potencia de sus ideas, aún hoy.

In 1993, the University of Tulsa purchased the V S Naipaul papers and installed the V S Naipaul Archive, principally a paper archive, a year later. In this essay, which is also a homage to the late Professor Tom O’Regan, I examine the value of archives, a scholar’s use of them and the ‘Freudian impressions’ or latent texts embedded in in them. Although once established an archive can acquire mystical power, in reading it, one has to be conscious of processes of selection and redaction built into the archive. One ‘Freudian impression’ that requires attending to is the role of Naipaul’s first wife Patricia Naipaul in the growth of the writer’s craft. The archival evidence suggests that his best works were written while she was alive.

Considerando a emergência de estudos sobre o fenômeno da “insubordinação” (EVANS, 2007), este trabalho tem por finalidade descrever os usos de construções condicionais insubordinadas (CCI) encabeçadas por “se” com valor adversativo no português do Brasil, ainda não plenamente descritos nesta língua. Para tal, foi utilizada a abordagem funcionalista (NEVES, 2000, 2002) e a perspectiva teórica de autores como Sansiñena (2015), Schwenter (2016) e Montolío (1999). Os dados foram coletados em corpora de língua falada (Corpus do Português e Corpus C-Oral-Brasil) e analisados qualitativamente. Em termos formais, nessas construções emprega-se o do modo indicativo, motivado por seu estatuto factual. As CCIs adversativas são utilizadas em posição de réplica, por ocorrerem em contextos dialógicos. Pragmaticamente, são caracterizadas por apresentar um caráter de rispidez, decorrente da relação simétrica entre os interlocutores.

The Song of Songs is a love poem (or a collection of poems), full of sensuous symbols. The central theme of the book is love; it celebrates human love in all its physical dimensions. Its language is love, a language which seems daring and sometimes even shocking, considering its seeming erotic feature. The author provides a teaching on the place of love and marriage in God’s plan of creation. It focuses on fidelity and mutuality in love between the sexes. The author offers a perspective of love not found elsewhere in the biblical writings. The climax of his teaching on love is contained in Sg 8:6-7. Here the poet emphasizes the power and energy of love. He compares the consuming power of love to “a raging flame” (rišpê ’ēš) which no water can quench. He specifies the value of love: love is so priceless that no material wealth can match it.

This article presents a new stage of the research project on the frontal analysis of conditions and results of contextual actualization of lexemes representing the Russian concept MENTALITET/MENTAL’NOST’ (‘MENTALITY’). Here, the author studied the word mentalitet (‘mentality’) in non-usual subject-predicate combinations. The aim was to analyse semantic transformations of the lexeme mentalitet in the conceptual metaphorical models of reification and animation. L.O. Cherneiko’s method of cognitive interpretation of abstract words and the method of conceptual analysis elaborated by Nizhny Novgorod Conceptological School were applied in the paper. For material the author turned to the Russian National Corpus. The scientific value of the article consists in introducing a new aspect of conceptual analysis, i.e. conceptual metaphorical transformations of the word mentalitet in subject-predicate combinations. The key findings are as follows: 1) in the contexts of conceptual metaphorical reification, the lexeme mentalitet is interpreted as a sensually perceived object: a concrete thing, device, mechanism, material (substance); 2) in the contexts of conceptual metaphorical animation, mentalitet is perceived as a living, rationally and efficiently acting being endowed with consciousness, emotions and will. The author comes to the conclusion that this borrowed abstract concept has been to a large extent appropriated by the Russian linguistic worldview. The paper makes a sufficient contribution to contemporary cognitively oriented linguoculturological research strategies as well as to the theory and practice of conceptual analysis. The practical value of the article lies in the opportunity to use its main results in journalism and PR projects, as well as in compiling a new type of concept dictionaries and in linguistic examination of media texts. For citation: Zhukovskaya L.I. Semantic Transformations of the Lexeme mentalitet (‘Mentality’) in the Metaphorical Models of the Subject-Predicate Relationship. Vestnik Severnogo (Arkticheskogo) federal’nogo universiteta. Ser.: Gumanitarnye i sotsial’nye nauki, 2021, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 37–46. DOI: 10.37482/2687-1505-V101

Distinction between language and languages is a common structuralist one. Not only can we find it in the hjelmslevian, jakobsonian and benvenistian theories, where it constitutes an axis of elaboration, but what is more inexpected is that it is also present in Martinet’s work, in spite of a sharp criticism of the very notion of language and of the jakobsonian and chomskyan universalist problematics. Saussurean theory shows us that this distinction is inescapable, as soon as language is presupposed instead of being defined. Saussurean definition of language (langue) implies a quite different distinction: between language (langage), the language (langue) and idioms, and this distinction throws a new light on the problematics of general grammar.

L’acte de naissance est un document extrêmement important dans la vie d’un sujet, car il s’agit du premier document du citoyen à avoir une valeur juridique et à être utilisé en tant que preuve de l’âge, de la nationalité et de la filiation, garantissant ainsi certains droits au citoyen. Dans le but d’explorer les implications linguistiques, culturelles et juridiques d’un tel document, nous partons d’un corpus de Traduction Assermentée d’actes de naissance du français de France (ff) vers le portugais du Brésil (pb) et vice-versa, afin d’analyser les termes et les expressions présents dans ce corpus et la façon dont ils se portent dans ce mouvement de traduction. Nous nous situons donc dans un champ qui englobe des perspectives distinctes par rapport à la traduction spécialisée. Ainsi, notre étude s’appuie sur les recherches de Crépon et de Rodrigues, en ce qui concerne le champ théorique de la traductologie, et des travaux de Gémar, de Peron Guedes et Mozzilo et de Harvey pour ce qui est du rapport de la Traduction et du Droit. Nous avons vérifié que les spécificités du Droit brésilien et français sont soit explicitement marquées soit effacées, performant un mouvement qui est à la fois « cibliste » et « sourcier » en matière de traduction. Cette étude est d’une importance majeure étant donné qu’elle propose de discuter les relations culturelles et linguistiques qui sont intrinsèques aux pratiques traductives et dont les contours peuvent être plus ou moins visibles selon les contextes où elles se présentent.

O objetivo deste artigo é mostrar em que medida, no contexto particular de uma conta Instagram consagrada à anorexia, as imagens publicadas precisam do texto que as acompanha para serem devidamente entendidas. Indo ao encontro da ideia segundo a qual a imagem pode determinar o significado em detrimento das formas de linguagem, este trabalho permite mostrar que, no contexto particular por nós estudado, a realidade é bem diferente: apoiados num corpus nativo, demonstramos que o texto produzido nunca é um simples acompanhamento servindo de mero comentário. Antes pelo contrário, o texto em questão contém as chaves necessárias para uma interpretação correta da mensagem que a imagem tem a função de transmitir e esses dois objetos são, pois, indissociáveis.

The paper studies the psycholinguistic problem of the English language globalization, connected with an increasing number of English loans in Ukrainian and the necessity to understand their role in forming the Ukrainian lexical system. The aim of the article is to analyze the use of English loans in Ukrainian youth slang. The paper identifies the problem of differences in the use of borrowings between males and females of different ages by analyzing language associations. Gender has also been found to influence the perception of loanwords and the formation of language associations. The revealed trend of the use of more English loanwords in the older age group suggests that students of the Ukrainian universities prefer Anglo-Americanisms to their Ukrainian equivalents. The scientific value of the work is that for the first time in the psycholinguistic aspect Anglo-Americanisms are considered in accordance with their role in the internationalization of the English language. The results of the research confirmed that the use of the loanwords depends on the age factors.