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Resumo O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a variação temporal da ocorrência do excesso de peso e da obesidade abdominal em adolescentes de escolas públicas de uma capital do nordeste brasileiro. Trata-se de um estudo incluindo informações de três levantamentos transversais realizados nos anos de 2001, 2009 e 2017, com 2.496 escolares de 10 a 18 anos de ambos os sexos, residentes na cidade de Salvador, Bahia. O excesso de peso foi avaliado por meio do Índice de Massa Corpórea para idade (IMC/I) e obesidade abdominal foi avaliada pela circunferência da cintura e razão cintura-estatura. A regressão Pooled OLS (Ordinary Least Squares), de efeito constante foi utilizada para avaliar a variação dos indicadores antropométricos ao longo do período. Os resultados deste estudo indicam que a prevalência de excesso de peso cresceu 103% e os indicadores da obesidade abdominal cresceram 153% e 142%, respectivamente no período analisado. Aumento na média do Índice de Massa Corpórea e da Razão cintura estatura foi maior entre as adolescentes e da média do IMC e da circunferência da cintura entre aqueles de 14 a 18 anos de idade. Conclui-se que houve expressivo crescimento nas prevalências do excesso de peso e da obesidade abdominal no período de 2001 a 2017 entre os adolescentes da cidade de Salvador.

Context Zinc is an essential trace mineral required for the function of brain and neural structures. The role of zinc supplementation in the prevention and treatment of depression has been suggested in clinical studies that reported a reduction in depressive symptoms. Objective The aim of this review was to determine whether zinc supplementation vs placebo can prevent or improve depressive symptoms in children, adolescents, or adults. Data Sources Five electronic databases were searched, and studies published until September 2019 were included without language restriction. Study Selection Randomized, controlled, crossover trials that evaluated the effect of zinc supplementation vs a comparator for prevention or improvement of depressive symptoms in children, adolescents, or adults were eligible for inclusion. Data Extraction Two authors independently performed data extraction and risk-of-bias assessment. Results The initial search identified 12 322 studies, 5 of which were eligible for meta-analysis. The standardized mean difference (SMD) showed an average reduction of 0.36 point (95%CI, −0.67 to −0.04) in the intervention group compared with the placebo group. Forstudies in which the mean age of participants was ≥ 40 years, the SMD was reduced by 0.61 point (95%CI, −1.12 to −0.09) in the intervention group vs the placebo group. The meta-analysis by sample size ( Conclusion Zinc supplementation may reduce depressive symptoms in individuals treated with antidepressant drugs for clinical depression. Systematic Review Registration PROSPERO registration number CRD42018081691.

A segurança alimentar (SA) vem sendo afetada pela pandemia, devido aos impactos socioeconômicos gerados, principalmente entre pessoas em situações de vulnerabilidade social, grupo que os universitários podem se enquadrar. Este estudo tem como objetivo estimar a prevalência e os fatores associados à insegurança alimentar (IA), de universitários de instituições públicas e privadas do estado da Bahia, durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, com dados coletados por meio de ambiente virtual, entre julho-agosto de 2020. A amostra incluiu 772 estudantes universitários baianos. Foram coletados dados sociodemográficos, econômicos e relativos à condição de SA. A análise de dados foi realizada por meio do SPSS versão 21. Utilizou-se o cálculo da frequência/prevalência na análise de variáveis categóricas, e para identificação das associações de interesse foi utilizado a regressão de Poisson, assumindo como significante p

The scope of this study was to analyze the temporal variation in the incidence of overweight and abdominal obesity among adolescents from public schools in a capital in northeastern Brazil. It is a study including information from three cross-sectional surveys carried out in 2001, 2009 and 2017, with 2,496 students aged 10 to 18 years of both sexes living in the city of Salvador, Bahia. Overweight was assessed using the Body Mass Index for Age (BMI/A) and abdominal obesity was assessed using waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio. Pooled OLS (Ordinary Least Squares) regression, with constant effect, was used to assess the variation of anthropometric indicators over the period. The results of this study indicate that the prevalence of overweight increased by 103% and the indicators of abdominal obesity increased by 153% and 142%, respectively, in the period under analysis. The increase in the mean body mass index and waist-to-height ratio was greater among adolescents and in the mean BMI and waist circumference among those aged 14 to 18 years old. The conclusion reached was that there was a significant increase in the prevalence of overweight and abdominal obesity in the period 2001 to 2017 among adolescents in the city of Salvador.O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a variação temporal da ocorrência do excesso de peso e da obesidade abdominal em adolescentes de escolas públicas de uma capital do nordeste brasileiro. Trata-se de um estudo incluindo informações de três levantamentos transversais realizados nos anos de 2001, 2009 e 2017, com 2.496 escolares de 10 a 18 anos de ambos os sexos, residentes na cidade de Salvador, Bahia. O excesso de peso foi avaliado por meio do Índice de Massa Corpórea para idade (IMC/I) e obesidade abdominal foi avaliada pela circunferência da cintura e razão cintura-estatura. A regressão Pooled OLS (Ordinary Least Squares), de efeito constante foi utilizada para avaliar a variação dos indicadores antropométricos ao longo do período. Os resultados deste estudo indicam que a prevalência de excesso de peso cresceu 103% e os indicadores da obesidade abdominal cresceram 153% e 142%, respectivamente no período analisado. Aumento na média do Índice de Massa Corpórea e da Razão cintura estatura foi maior entre as adolescentes e da média do IMC e da circunferência da cintura entre aqueles de 14 a 18 anos de idade. Conclui-se que houve expressivo crescimento nas prevalências do excesso de peso e da obesidade abdominal no período de 2001 a 2017 entre os adolescentes da cidade de Salvador.

Family socioeconomic and environmental conditions are associated with health status and disease outcomes in infancy, acting at different levels of determination over these events, positively or negatively affecting individuals. Methods was adopted a hierarchical approach to investigate a vitamin D insufficiency and socioecomimc determinants in the basic, intermediate, and immediate levels. The logistic regression and odds ratio (OR) as an association measure were used to assess the relationship of interest. The prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency (10-29.9 ng/ml) was 54.1% of the adolescents, no vitamin D deficiency (

Background: The mother’s diet during pregnancy is associated with maternal and child health. However, there are few studies with moderation analysis on maternal dietary patterns and infant birth weight. We aim to analyse the association between dietary patterns during pregnancy and birth weight. Methods: A cohort study was performed with pregnant women in Bahia, Brazil. A food frequency questionnaire was used to evaluate dietary intake. Birth weight was measured by a prenatal service team. Statistical analyses were performed using factor analysis with a principal component extraction technique and structural equation modelling. Results: Four patterns of dietary consumption were identified for each trimester of the pregnancy evaluated. Adherence to the "Meat, Eggs, Fried Snacks and Processed foods” dietary pattern (pattern 1) and the "Sugars and Sweets" dietary pattern (pattern 4) in the third trimester directly reduced birth weight, by 98.42 g (Confidence interval (CI) 95%: 24.26, 172.59) and 92,03g (CI 95%: 39.88, 165.30), respectively. Insufficient dietary consumption in the third trimester increases maternal complications during pregnancy, indirectly reducing birth weight by 145 g (CI 95%: -21.39, -211.45). Conclusion: Inadequate dietary intake in the third trimester appears to have negative results on birth weight, directly and indirectly.

Resumo Fundamento Excesso de adiposidade corporal e doenças cardiovasculares são problemas mundiais com crescente prevalência em crianças e adolescentes, sendo necessário investigar a relação destes, afim de construir estratégias de enfrentamento. Objetivo Investigar influência do excesso de adiposidade corporal sobre os níveis séricos de apolipoproteínas B e A1 (ApoB e ApoA1) em crianças e adolescentes. Métodos Busca sistemática nas bases de dados Medline/PubMed, Embase, Lilacs, Web of Science, Ovid e Science Direct de coortes consideradas elegíveis, avaliando-se qualidade metodológica e risco de viés; estudos combináveis, com boa qualidade e baixo risco de viés foram analisados com metanálise; a medida sumária utilizada foi a diferença de média ponderada e seu respectivo intervalo de confiança a 95%. Resultados 8 artigos preencheram os critérios de elegibilidade, incluindo indivíduos com média de idade variando de 9 a 15,7 anos. Para a metanálise, incluíram-se 4 artigos, com total de 7.974 crianças e adolescentes. Observou-se aumento médio de 4,94 mg/dL (IC 95%: 4,22 a 5,67 mg/dL) nos níveis de ApoB naqueles com excesso de adiposidade. Para a ApoA1, identificou-se redução média de -8,13 mg/dL (IC 95%: - 9,09 a -7,17 mg/dL) nos níveis séricos desse marcador em indivíduos com maior adiposidade corporal. Além disso, a influência do excesso de adiposidade corporal sobre os níveis de ApoA1 e ApoB foi maior entre adolescentes do que entre crianças. Conclusões O excesso de adiposidade corporal influenciou tanto na redução dos valores de ApoA1 quanto no aumento dos níveis de ApoB em crianças e adolescentes, e tais alterações foram mais relevantes entre adolescentes.(Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0) Abstract Background Excess Weight and Cardiovascular Diseases are health problems with increasing prevalence among children and adolescents, hence the need to investigate the issues related to them to better deal with the problem. Objective To investigate the influence of excess adiposity on the levels of apolipoprotein B and A1 in children and adolescents. Methods A systematic search was conducted in the PubMed, Embase, Lilacs, Web of Science, Ovid and Science direct databases, searching for cohort eligible studies and evaluating their results, methodological quality and risk of bias; combinable studies with good quality and low risk of bias were evaluated by meta-analysis. The summary measure used was the weighted mean difference (WMD) with its respective 95% confidence interval. Results 8 articles attended the eligibility criteria including individuals with age mean varying from 9 to 15.7 years of age. The meta-analysis included 4 articles with a total of 7,974 children and adolescents. It was observed a mean increase of 4,94mg/dL (95%CI: 4,22 to 5,67) in the ApoB levels in individuals with excess of body adiposity. For the ApoA1, we identified a mean reduction of -8,13mg/dL (95%CI: -9,09 to -7,17 mg/dL) in its levels in children and adolescents with higher body adiposity. Beside this, the influence of excess adiposity on the ApoB and ApoA1 levels was higher between adolescents than children. Conclusions The excess of body adiposity influenced both the reduction of ApoA1 values and the increase of ApoB levels, being these changes more relevant among adolescents. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0)

This study systematised and synthesised the results of observational studies that were aimed at supporting the association between dietary patterns and cardiometabolic risk (CMR) factors among adolescents. Relevant scientific articles were searched in PUBMED, EMBASE, SCIENCE DIRECT, LILACS, WEB OF SCIENCE and SCOPUS. Observational studies that included the measurement of any CMR factor in healthy adolescents and dietary patterns were included. The search strategy retained nineteen articles for qualitative analysis. Among retained articles, the effects of dietary pattern on the means of BMI (n 18), waist circumference (WC) (n 9), systolic blood pressure (n 7), diastolic blood pressure (n 6), blood glucose (n 5) and lipid profile (n 5) were examined. Systematised evidence showed that an unhealthy dietary pattern appears to be associated with poor mean values of CMR factors among adolescents. However, evidence of a protective effect of healthier dietary patterns in this group remains unclear. Considering the number of studies with available information, a meta-analysis of anthropometric measures showed that dietary patterns characterised by the highest intake of unhealthy foods resulted in a higher mean BMI (0·57 kg/m²; 95 % CI 0·51, 0·63) and WC (0·57 cm; 95 % CI 0·47, 0·67) compared with low intake of unhealthy foods. Controversially, patterns characterised by a low intake of healthy foods were associated with a lower mean BMI (−0·41 kg/m²; 95 % CI −0·46,−0·36) and WC (−0·43 cm; 95 % CI −0·52,−0·33). An unhealthy dietary pattern may influence markers of CMR among adolescents, but considering the small number and limitations of the studies included, further studies are warranted to strengthen the evidence of this relation.

O distanciamento social adotado para controle da COVID-19 obrigou Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) a aderirem a novas estratégias para realização das atividades acadêmicas e muitas pesquisas passaram a ser realizadas em ambientes virtuais. O objetivo deste artigo é descrever os aspectos metodológicos e principais desafios enfrentados para a execução do projeto COCASa, um estudo de coorte on-line sobre comportamento alimentar e saúde mental de docentes e discentes de IES do Brasil. O estudo foi iniciado em julho de 2020 e acompanhará os participantes por dois anos. Adotou-se amostragem não probabilística estratificada proporcional com a utilização de escalas, de inquérito alimentar e de questões estruturadas elaboradas pela equipe do projeto. Entre os participantes do baseline, 4.074 discentes e 2.210 docentes iniciaram o questionário e, respectivamente, 76,8% e 85,1% finalizaram o preenchimento. Em ambos os grupos, a maior participação foi de mulheres (docentes: 66,7% e discentes: 76,2%) e residentes nas regiões Nordeste (docentes: 37% e discentes: 50,9%) e Sul (docentes: 27,1% e discentes: 22,5%) do Brasil. A pesquisa on-line amplia a possibilidade de recrutamento de participantes e alcança limites territoriais com menor demanda por financiamento. Durante a pandemia da COVID-19, o uso do ambiente virtual tornou-se uma estratégia viável e acessível para a manutenção das atividades de pesquisa, configurando-se como uma provável tendência a ser adotada pela comunidade científica.

The mother’s diet during pregnancy is associated with maternal and child health. However, there are few studies with moderation analysis on maternal dietary patterns and infant birth weight. We aim to analyse the association between dietary patterns during pregnancy and birth weight. A prospective cohort study was performed with pregnant women registered with the prenatal service (Bahia, Brazil). A food frequency questionnaire was used to evaluate dietary intake. Birth weight was measured by a prenatal service team. Statistical analyses were performed using factor analysis with a principal component extraction technique and structural equation modelling. The mean age of the pregnant women was 27 years old (SD: 5.5) and the mean birth weight was 3341.18 g. It was observed that alcohol consumption (p = 0.05) and weight-gain during pregnancy (p = 0.05) were associated with birth weight. Four patterns of dietary consumption were identified for each trimester of the pregnancy evaluated. Adherence to the “Meat, Eggs, Fried Snacks and Processed foods” dietary pattern (pattern 1) and the “Sugars and Sweets” dietary pattern (pattern 4) in the third trimester directly reduced birth weight, by 98.42 g (Confidence interval (CI) 95%: 24.26, 172.59) and 92.03 g (CI 95%: 39.88, 165.30), respectively. It was also observed that insufficient dietary consumption in the third trimester increases maternal complications during pregnancy, indirectly reducing birth weight by 145 g (CI 95%: −21.39, −211.45). Inadequate dietary intake in the third trimester appears to have negative results on birth weight, directly and indirectly, but more studies are needed to clarify these causal paths, especially investigations of the influence of the maternal dietary pattern on the infant gut microbiota and the impacts on perinatal outcomes.

This study aims to review and synthesize scientific evidence to assess the association between excess body weight and depression among adults.The systematic research of observational studies was held from January to March 2015 on Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, PsycInfo, Psicodoc, Psycarticles, and Isi Web. A prevalence ratio (PR) was adopted as a summary measurement. All articles were evaluated for methodological quality and risk of bias. Metaregression was used to investigate heterogeneity and to identify the variation between the studies in relation to the estimates of the effects.In this review, 9 studies (N = 171,701) met the inclusion criteria. All articles obtained adequate methodological quality. Most studies had high or unclear risk of bias. Overweight and obesity were assessed by body mass index. People with obesity were 32% more likely to have depression compared to those who were eutrophic (PR = 1.32; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.26-1.38). After a gender analysis, the results showed statistically significant differences in obese versus eutrophic women (PR = 1.36; 95% CI, 1.28-1.34).There is consistent evidence that overweight or obesity was associated with depression.

Trata-se de estudo quali-quantitativo que visa compreender as condições objetivas e subjetivas vivenciadas por docentes universitários brasileiros frente ao trabalho remoto emergencial, durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Dados de 508 respondentes da questão aberta de um websurvey foram analisados em cinco Categorias de Relatos sobre as Condições de Trabalho Remoto (1. Espaço de casa; 2. Da mudança do presencial para o remoto; 3. Sem queixas; 4. Reflexos no adoecimento; 5. Mista). Dados sociodemográficos, do domicílio e das condições de trabalho foram analisados entre as categorias de relatos pelo teste Qui-quadrado de Pearson/Fischer. A maioria dos docentes era do sexo feminino (65%), 40 anos ou mais (77%), casados (65%), com filhos (64%) e moravam com até três pessoas (74%). Os relatos classificados na categoria 2 foram prevalentes (42,9%) e mostraram dificuldades de interação social; aumento da demanda; sentimento de exploração; e falta de apoio institucional. Houve associação com dados sociodemográficos, número de cômodos e moradores, e de algumas condições para o trabalho remoto (p

Excess Weight and Cardiovascular Diseases are health problems with increasing prevalence among children and adolescents, hence the need to investigate the issues related to them to better deal with the problem.To investigate the influence of excess adiposity on the levels of apolipoprotein B and A1 in children and adolescents.A systematic search was conducted in the PubMed, Embase, Lilacs, Web of Science, Ovid and Science direct databases, searching for cohort eligible studies and evaluating their results, methodological quality and risk of bias; combinable studies with good quality and low risk of bias were evaluated by meta-analysis. The summary measure used was the weighted mean difference (WMD) with its respective 95% confidence interval.8 articles attended the eligibility criteria including individuals with age mean varying from 9 to 15.7 years of age. The meta-analysis included 4 articles with a total of 7,974 children and adolescents. It was observed a mean increase of 4,94mg/dL (95%CI: 4,22 to 5,67) in the ApoB levels in individuals with excess of body adiposity. For the ApoA1, we identified a mean reduction of -8,13mg/dL (95%CI: -9,09 to -7,17 mg/dL) in its levels in children and adolescents with higher body adiposity. Beside this, the influence of excess adiposity on the ApoB and ApoA1 levels was higher between adolescents than children.The excess of body adiposity influenced both the reduction of ApoA1 values and the increase of ApoB levels, being these changes more relevant among adolescents. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0).Excesso de adiposidade corporal e doenças cardiovasculares são problemas mundiais com crescente prevalência em crianças e adolescentes, sendo necessário investigar a relação destes, afim de construir estratégias de enfrentamento.Investigar influência do excesso de adiposidade corporal sobre os níveis séricos de apolipoproteínas B e A1 (ApoB e ApoA1) em crianças e adolescentes.Busca sistemática nas bases de dados Medline/PubMed, Embase, Lilacs, Web of Science, Ovid e Science Direct de coortes consideradas elegíveis, avaliando-se qualidade metodológica e risco de viés; estudos combináveis, com boa qualidade e baixo risco de viés foram analisados com metanálise; a medida sumária utilizada foi a diferença de média ponderada e seu respectivo intervalo de confiança a 95%.8 artigos preencheram os critérios de elegibilidade, incluindo indivíduos com média de idade variando de 9 a 15,7 anos. Para a metanálise, incluíram-se 4 artigos, com total de 7.974 crianças e adolescentes. Observou-se aumento médio de 4,94 mg/dL (IC 95%: 4,22 a 5,67 mg/dL) nos níveis de ApoB naqueles com excesso de adiposidade. Para a ApoA1, identificou-se redução média de -8,13 mg/dL (IC 95%: - 9,09 a -7,17 mg/dL) nos níveis séricos desse marcador em indivíduos com maior adiposidade corporal. Além disso, a influência do excesso de adiposidade corporal sobre os níveis de ApoA1 e ApoB foi maior entre adolescentes do que entre crianças.O excesso de adiposidade corporal influenciou tanto na redução dos valores de ApoA1 quanto no aumento dos níveis de ApoB em crianças e adolescentes, e tais alterações foram mais relevantes entre adolescentes.(Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0).

Objectives: to summarize Brazilian studies that analyzed the risk factors for Exclusive Breastfeeding (EBF) interruption before the child's six months of life. Methods: systematic review and meta-analysis indexed articles from Bireme, Scielo and Pubmed databases published in the period of January 2000 to December 2015. Results: 22 articles were included in the meta-analysis. The factors related to newborns were observed, such as birth weight (OR= 1.17; CI 95%: 1.05-1.29), female gender (OR= 1,09; CI 95%: 1.04-1.13) and the use of pacifier (OR= 2.29; CI 95%: 1.68-2.91) were the main factors responsible for the increase in the occurrence of EBF interruption. The factors were related to the mother, maternal age below twenty years old (OR= 1.22; CI 95%: 1.12-1.33) low schooling level (OR=1.28; CI 95%: 1.11-1.45), primiparity (OR= 1.17; CI 95%: 1.02-1.32) maternal employment during the postpartum period (OR= 1.26; CI 95%: 1.11-1.41), and low family income (OR= 1.22; CI 95%: 1.08-1.37) contributed significantly to the EBF interruption . Conclusions: the meta-analysis of Brazilian epidemiological studies demonstrated evidences to conclude that below the age of twenty, low schooling, primiparity, maternal employment in the postpartum period and low family income are associated to the interruption of exclusive breastfeeding until 6 months of age. Children with low birth weight, female gender and used a pacifier had greater vulnerability to not be exclusively breastfed. In conclusion, most of these factors can be modified through appropriate public policies throughout the adequate prenatal period to promote exclusive breastfeeding. Resumo Objetivos: sumarizar estudos brasileiros que analisaram os fatores de risco para interrupção do aleitamento materno exclusivo (AME) antes dos seis meses de vida da criança. Métodos: revisão sistemática e metanálise de artigos indexados na base de dados Bireme, Scielo e Pubmed, publicados no período de janeiro 2000 a dezembro de 2015. Resultados: 22 artigos foram incluídos na metanálise. Observou-se que os fatores relacionados ao recém-nascido como o baixo peso ao nascer (OR= 1,17; IC95%: 1,05-1,29), sexo feminino (OR= 1,09; IC95%: 1,04-1,13) e uso de chupeta (OR= 2,29; IC95%: 1,68- 2,91) foram os principais fatores de exposição responsável pelo aumento da ocorrência de interrupção do AME. No que se refere aos fatores de exposição relacionados à mãe, a idade materna inferior a vinte anos (OR= 1,22; IC95%: 1,12-1,33), a baixa escolaridade (OR=1.28; CI 95%: 1,11-1,45), a primiparidade (OR= 1,17; IC95%: 1,02-1,32), o trabalho materno no puerpério (OR= 1,26; IC95%: 1,11-1,41) e a baixa renda familiar (OR= 1,22; IC95%: 1,08-1,37) contribuíram significativamente para ocorrência de interrupção do AME. Conclusões: a metanálise de estudos epidemiológicos brasileiros registrou evidências para concluir que a idade inferior a vinte anos, baixa escolaridade, primiparidade, trabalho materno no puerpério e a baixa renda familiar estão associados com a interrupção do aleitamento materno exclusivo até os seis meses de idade. Crianças com baixo peso ao nascer, do sexo feminino e que usaram chupeta tiveram maior vulnerabilidade de não serem amamentadas exclusivamente. Conclui-se, que a maioria deste fatores podem ser modificados por meio de políticas públicas de acompanhamento adequado durante todo o pré-natal,com ações de promoção do aleitamento materno exclusivo.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate covariates that could affect the variation in mean length/age z scores in the first year of life of children born full term with normal birth weight. METHODS: This was a prospective study of a cohort of mother-infant pairs recruited at public maternity units in two municipalities in the Brazilian state of Bahia, from March 2005 to October 2006. This paper reports the results for linear growth of 489 children who were followed-up for the first 12 months of their lives. A mixed-effect regression model was used to investigate the influence of covariates of mean length/age z score during the first year of life. RESULTS: The multivariate mixed effect analysis indicated that mothers not cohabiting with a partner (β = 0.2347; p = 0.004) and increased duration of exclusive breastfeeding (β = 0.0031; p < 0.001) had a positive impact, whereas mother’s height less than 150 cm (β = -0.4393; p < 0.001), birth weight of 2,500-2,999 g (β = -0.8084; p < 0.001) and anemia in the child (β = -0.0875; p < 0.001) all had a negative impact on the variation in estimated length/age z score. CONCLUSIONS: Therefore, the results of this study indicate that short maternal stature, birth weight < 3,000 g and anemia in the infant had a negative effect on linear growth during the first year of life, whereas longer duration exclusive breastfeeding and mothers who did not cohabit with a partner had a positive effect.

the nutritional panorama in Brazil indicates that the dietary patterns of the population is characterized by the increasing inclusion of saturated and trans fats, sodium, sugars, soft drinks. This epidemiological and nutritional challenges reflects in the patterns of illness and death.this study aims to identify patterns of food consumption and dietary changes in the first and third trimester of pregnancy.this is a prospective cohort study involving 185 pregnant women in the State of Bahia, from 2012 to 2013. We used a food frequency questionnaire to assess dietary intakes. To identify the dietary pattern, the principal components factor analysis was adopted. We used the Pearson correlation test to identify the correlation between the patterns extracted in each trimester.four patterns of food consumption during pregnancy were identified. We observed changes in the eating patterns over the trimesters evaluated, especially for the food groups of fruit, coffee, fats, fried snacks, sugar and sweets.these dietary changes throughout the pregnancy accompany the physiological changes of each period of the pregnancy. In the first trimester, symptoms of nausea and vomiting are common, whereas in the same period cravings is reported, which may justify the consumption of a larger quantity of food deemed unhealthy.it was observed that there were changes in the adoption of dietary pattern throughout the evaluated trimesters of pregnancy, especially for the groups of fruit, coffee, fats, fried snacks and sugar and sweets.Introducción: las perspectivas de crecimiento en Brasil indican que los patrones dietéticos de la población se caracterizan por el aumento del consumo de grasas saturadas y trans, sodio, azúcares y refrescos. Este punto de vista epidemiológico y nutricional refleja el cambio en el patrón de la enfermedad y la muerte. Objetivo: este estudio tiene como objetivo identificar los patrones de consumo de alimentos y los cambios en la dieta en el primer y tercer trimestres del embarazo. Metodología: se trata de un estudio de cohorte prospectivo de 185 mujeres embarazadas del Estado de Bahía, a partir de 2012 a 2013. Se utilizó el cuestionario de frecuencia de alimentos para evaluar la ingesta alimentaria. Para identificar la norma alimentaria se adoptó el análisis factorial de componentes principales. Se utilizó la prueba de correlación de Pearson para identificar la correlación entre los patrones extraídos en cada trimestre. Resultados: se identificaron cuatro patrones de consumo de alimentos durante el embarazo. Hemos observado cambios en los patrones de alimentación durante los trimestres evaluados, especialmente para los grupos de frutas, café, grasas, frituras, azúcar y dulces. Discusión: estos cambios en la dieta durante el embarazo acompañan a los cambios fisiológicos de cada embarazo. En el primer trimestre son síntomas comunes las náuseas y los vómitos; por otro lado, también se manifiesta antojos en el mismo periodo, lo cual puede justificar el consumo de mayor cantidad de alimentos considerados saludables. Conclusión: se observaron cambios en el patrón alimentario a lo largo de los diversos trimestres del embarazo examinados, especialmente para los grupos de frutas, café, grasas, frituras, azúcar y dulces.