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© 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved., The coverage of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in large parts of the world, together with the high number of breakthrough infections, especially following the emergence of Omicron subvariants, makes hybrid immunity (resulting from vaccine and infection) common. Hybrid immunity, particularly after BA.1 or BA.2 infection, confers substantial protection against the BA.5 infection. However, although the waning of protection afforded by natural infection in non-vaccinated individuals or by vaccination has been well documented, the stability of hybrid immunity, specifically against the BA.5 subvariant, now dominant in many countries, has not been thoroughly addressed.

© The Author(s) 2022. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/., Autoantibodies are produced within germinal centers (GC), in a process regulated by interactions between B, T follicular helper (Tfh), and T follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells. The GC dysregulation in human autoimmunity has been inferred from circulating cells, albeit with conflicting results due to diverse experimental approaches. We applied a consistent approach to compare circulating Tfr and Tfh subsets in patients with different autoimmune diseases. We recruited 97 participants, including 72 patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT, n = 18), rheumatoid arthritis (RA, n = 16), or systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE, n = 32), and 31 matched healthy donors (HD). We found that the frequency of circulating T follicular subsets differed across diseases. Patients with HT had an increased frequency of blood Tfh cells (p = 0.0215) and a reduced Tfr/Tfh ratio (p = 0.0338) when compared with HD. This was not observed in patients with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (RA, SLE), who had a reduction in both Tfh (p = 0.0494 and p = 0.0392, respectively) and Tfr (p = 0.0003 and p = 0.0001, respectively) cells, resulting in an unchanged Tfr/Tfh ratio. Activated PD-1+ICOS+Tfh and CD4+PD-1+CXCR5-Tph cells were raised only in patients with SLE (p = 0.0022 and p = 0.0054), without association with disease activity. Our data suggest that GC dysregulation, assessed by T follicular subsets, is not uniform in human autoimmunity. Specific patterns of dysregulation may become potential biomarkers for disease and patient stratification., This work was supported by the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, Portugal (EJPRD/0003/2019).

© 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier on behalf of the American College of Cardiology Foundation. This article is available under the Creative Commons CC-BY-NC-ND license and permits non-commercial use of the work as published, without adaptation or alteration provided the work is fully attributed., Isolated coronary arteritis without systemic involvement in adults is exceedingly rare. A 60-year-old patient developed recurrent non–ST-segment elevation myocardial infarctions for 1 year. After an initial coronary angiogram that was normal, serial angiograms showed de novo aneurysm formation. The patient responded favorably to corticosteroids, supporting the diagnosis of isolated coronary arteritis.

T follicular helper (Tfh) and T follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells are the two T cell subsets able to interact with B cells driving germinal center (GC) reactions. These T-B interactions are important for protective immune responses within secondary lymphoid tissue. However, the pathological emergence of ectopic lymphoid structures (ELS) that characterize several autoimmune diseases also involves Tfh and Tfr cells. ELS, often with ectopic GCs, can be identified through biopsies. Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is an example of an autoimmune disease where minor salivary gland (MSG) biopsies are often performed for diagnosis and where ELS can be found. Here, we describe a protocol to identify and isolate T follicular cells from MSGs by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry.

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T11:56:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-09-01 What is it to be Black? What are the contours of this subjectivity and the conditions that position this subject in the networks, flows, forces and narratives that institute it? The task that we propose in this article, is to offer a genealogical path way about the how in which such questions, coextensive with different black intellectual traditions and modernity itself, took shape and crossed the formulations of three specific intellectuals: W. E. B. Du Bois, Frantz Fanon and Stuart Hall. We have argue that not only is there both a route between the thinking of these scholars, which offers a critical status for speculation about the constitution of such a subject/subjectivity, as there is between them and the black intellectual traditions that represent the following proposition: there is possible to enunciate a existence that is not neither oppositional nor reactive, but becoming yourself an Afro-diasporic subject. Transnacionalismo Negro & Diaspora Africana UFSCa, Grupos Pesquisa Enfoques Antropol GEA Unesp, Sao Carlos, Brazil Grp Antropol Caribe Global USP, CANIBAL, Sao Paulo, Brazil Univ Integracao Int Lusofonia Afrobrasileira UNIL, Inst Humanidades & Letras, Campus Males, Sao Francisco Do Conde, BA, Brazil Univ Fed Sao Carlos UFSCar, Dept & Programa Posgrad Sociol, Sao Carlos, Brazil Transnacionalismo Negro & Diaspora Africana UFSCa, Grupos Pesquisa Enfoques Antropol GEA Unesp, Sao Carlos, Brazil

Schooling has changed surprisingly little since its origins 5 millennia ago, despite efforts toward massification and inclusion. Research on a wide arch of fields indicates that schools must undergo major transformation in order to benefit from the current science of learning. This chapter outlines some of the seemingly utopic main kernels of this necessary transformation. The school of the future will fully embrace the physiological aspects of learning, and strive to optimize sleep, nutrition, and exercise for children and adults of all ages, so as to improve intrapersonal and interpersonal relationships. Learning will have computer games as scaffold for the crystallization the link between phonemes and graphemes during literacy acquisition, and for the generation of individual learning curves for the personalized tracking of performance. The retention of academic contents will be greatly improved by frequent cumulative tests and other opportunities for retrieval practice, and the use of novelty as an extrinsic adjuvant of learning will be emphasized.

Brazil has launched a few cubesats so far. Both through universities as well as through space research institutes and its Space Agency. There is a growing interest in the country for this type of satellite due to its low and feasible costs for these institutions, as well for the increasing number of possibilities with its use. The advantages of its use for science and educational purposes is not questioned any more in a changing scenario, as was the case in the world in general. However, so far, all these missions were developed with government funds. The challenge now is to transfer this technology and application to the private sector. The mission here described is the first in the country developed by a private company in cooperation with the public R&D space sector for the payload. In the process it also creates a production chain with other companies for the development of part of its subsystems and software. A few of them (HorusEye, USIPED) are new in the space field although with large experience in other micro electronics and precision mechanics applications. These subsystems are the attitude determination and control, the EPS and the structure. All of these with advantages when compared with similar subsystems available in the international cubesat market. Software is also developed by a small company from former INPE graduate students (EMSISTI). The OBC and the transceiver will still have to be imported due to the larger development costs, and the limited budget for the project. The scientific payload of the mission is an experiment for the detection of hard X-ray and gamma ray radiation in space, possibly from cosmic explosions such as Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs). This experiment was initially conceived for a larger bus but it has never materialized due to its costs. The number of detectors in the payload array was significantly reduced but it will still produce significant results for the mission PI. One exciting possibility is the detection of electromagnetic counterparts of gravitational wave signals detected by the LIGO/Virgo consortium. This was not known when the larger bus was being considered for this mission. The cubesat is a 2U with 1U fully for the payload. CRON-1 was officially submitted to be launched in 2021 by the first launch of VLM (Microsatellite Launch Vehicle), the small launcher under development by the Brazilian Air Force, Brazilian industries and DLR (German Aerospace Center). However it will be ready to be launched by the end of 2020 and another earlier launch alternative may be selected if it can´t be launched by VLM. The project was selected to be funded by the São Paulo State Foundation for R&D (FAPESP) in a call from its Innovation Program for the Small Company (PIPE) for the development of the engineering model so far. The paper gives more information and details about the payload and the science motivation for the mission as well as for the subsystems developed for CRON-1.

© 2019 British Society for Immunology. This article is published and distributed under the terms of the Oxford University Press, Standard Journals Publication Model (https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model), The identification that T follicular helper (Tfh) cells is critical for the emergence of germinal centre responses prompted the study of CXCR5-expressing CD4+ T cell subsets in autoimmunity. However, circulating CXCR5-expressing T cells are heterogeneous by containing Forkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3)+ T follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells in addition to bona fide Tfh cells. Such heterogeneity may hamper the analysis of the contribution of specific follicular T cell subsets for autoimmune pathogenesis. Therefore, separate assessment of Tfh and Tfr populations offer greater opportunities for stratification of autoimmune patients, such as Sjögren's syndrome patients.