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Objective: Dorsal intradural arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) consist of a direct connection between a radicular feeding artery and the coronal venous plexus; this direct connection leads to arterialization of the venous plexus, venous congestion, and myelopathy. Controversy still exists regarding the best treatment modality of spinal dural AVFs. Surgical disconnection of spinal dural AVFs is a straightforward procedure with a high success rate and virtually no risk of recurrence or incomplete treatment. To identify factors associated with the clinical progression of dorsal intradural AVFs and quantify the range of surgical outcomes in terms of neurologic improvement as well as patients' perception of quality of life (QOL)., Methods: A retrospective observational study of 19 consecutive patients treated with surgery over a 10-year period was carried out. We analyzed surgical results and clinical outcomes. We also evaluated the impact of this disease and its sequelae on the patients' postoperative health-related QOL., Results: The surgical procedure showed good results in terms of neurologic improvement as well as patients' perception of QOL., Conclusions: Our series confirmed that surgical obliteration of dorsal intradural AVFs is an effective and safe procedure. The results of this retrospective analysis make us believe that surgery, given its low morbidity and high success rate, represents a safe and effective first therapeutic option for these spinal vascular malformations. It could be considered to avoid unsuccessful endovascular attempts that could delay the definitive treatment of this disease. The surgical procedure showed good results in terms of neurologic improvement as well as patients' perception of QOL., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Diffuse leptomeningeal glioneuronal tumor (DLGNT) was recently added to the World Health Organization classification of central nervous system tumors. DLGNT is a rare entity that occurs more commonly in pediatric patients, but occasional cases have been reported in adults. This tumor has been recognized as a distinct pathologic entity; however, its biologic behavior remains unclear. It is considered an indolent neoplasm, although considerable morbidity has been reported. For this reason, further characterization and collection of evidence are crucial., Methods: In this article, we reported a case of a 36-year-old woman with a DLGNT characterized by rapid, aggressive behavior. We also performed a review of the literature for reported cases of low-grade and high-grade forms involving adults and children., Results: DLGNTs should no longer be considered only as low-grade tumors affecting pediatric patients. The spectrum of presentations also includes aggressive tumors affecting adults., Conclusions: Further clinical and pathologic data supported by cytogenetic and molecular investigations are mandatory to better characterize DLGNTs., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: The purposes of this study were to describe a technique for treatment of meralgia paresthetica (lateral femoral cutaneous neuropathy) using ultrasound guidance and to report the results of treatment., Methods: Twenty consecutive patients (7 male and 13 female; age range, 23-66 years; mean, 39 years) with meralgia paresthetica confirmed by electromyography were treated with perineural injection of 1 mL of methylprednisolone acetate (40 mg/mL) and 8 mL of mepivacaine, 2%, under direct ultrasound guidance. Main outcome measures included the technical success of the procedure, visual analog scale score for the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (pain, burning sensation, and paresthesia), and visual analog scale global quality of life score., Results: Technical success (successful nerve block at the distribution of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve) was achieved in all patients. Five patients felt slight sharp pain during needle insertion. The symptoms in 16 patients (80%) diminished progressively after the first week. The 4 remaining patients (20%) required a further perineural injection. The symptoms disappeared in all patients 2 months after injection (mean visual analog scale score ± SD for lateral femoral cutaneous neuropathy at baseline, 8.1 ± 2.1; at 2 months, 2.1 ± 0.5; t = 6.2; P < .001). The mean visual analog scale quality of life scored decreased from 6.9 ± 3.2 to 2.3 ± 2.5 (t = 5.3; P < .002)., Conclusions: Treatment of meralgia paresthetica with ultrasound-guided perineural injections resulted in substantial symptom relief in most patients 2 months after injection. Randomized placebo-controlled trials of this treatment should be considered in the future.

We report the singular case of an exceptionally large giant communicating artery aneurysm successfully treated with a direct surgical approach. The clinical presentation was a relatively short history of frontal headache. In the pre- and postcontrast CT scans the lesion mimicked an intracranial tumor. At surgery the intraluminal thrombus was partially removed with an ultrasonic surgical aspirator; the decompression allowed the isolation and subsequent temporary dipping of the tracts A1 and A2 of both the anterior cerebral arteries. It was then possible to complete the thrombectomy and to dip the neck of the aneurysm. The report emphasizes the indispensable role of MRI for the accurate diagnosis of giant intracranial aneurysms and the recent improvement of the surgical results concerning this category of aneurysms (mainly related to the present wider availability of technical surgical instrumentation).