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Developmental theories suggest affect-biased attention, preferential attention to emotionally salient stimuli, emerges during infancy through coordinating individual differences. Here we examined bidirectional relations between infant affect-biased attention, temperamental negative affect, and maternal anxiety symptoms using a Random Intercepts Cross-Lagged Panel model (RI-CLPM). Infant-mother pairs from Central Pennsylvania and Northern New Jersey (N = 342; 52% White; 50% reported as assigned female at birth) participated when infants were 4, 8, 12, 18 and 24 months of age. Infants completed the overlap task while eye-tracking data were collected. Mothers reported their infant's negative affect and their own anxiety symptoms. In an RI-CLPM, after accounting for between-person variance (random intercepts representing the latent average of a construct), it is possible to assess within-person variance (individual deviations from the latent average of a construct). Positive relations represent "stability" in constructs (smaller within-person deviations). Negative relations represent "fluctuation" in constructs (larger within-person deviations). At the between-person level (random intercepts), mothers with greater anxiety symptoms had infants with greater affect-biased attention. However, at the within-person level (deviations), greater fluctuation in maternal anxiety symptoms at 12- and 18 months prospectively related to greater stability in attention to angry facial configurations. Additionally, greater fluctuation in maternal anxiety symptoms at 18 months prospectively related to greater stability in attention to happy facial configurations. Finally, greater fluctuation in maternal anxiety symptoms at 4- and 12 months prospectively related to greater stability in infant negative affect. These results suggest that environmental uncertainty, linked to fluctuating maternal anxiety, may shape early socioemotional development.

Flexible social attention, including visually attending to social interaction partners, coupled with positive affect may facilitate adaptive social functioning. However, most research assessing social attention relies on static computer-based paradigms, overlooking the dynamics of social interactions and limiting understanding of individual differences in the deployment of naturalistic attention. The current study used mobile eye-tracking to examine relations between social attention, expressed affect, and behavioral inhibition during naturalistic play in young children. Children (N = 28, M[subscript age] = 6.12, 46.4% girls, 92.9% White) participated in a 5-min free play with a novel age- and sex-matched peer while mobile eye-tracking data were collected. Interactions were coded for social attention and expressed affect and modeled second-by-second, generating 4,399 observations. Children spent more time dwelling on toys than on peers or anywhere else in the room. Further analyses demonstrated children were almost twice as likely to gaze at their peer when simultaneously self-expressing positive affect. Additionally, children were more than twice as likely and more than three times as likely to self-express positive affect when dwelling on peer or in the presence of peer-expressed positive affect, respectively. Behavioral inhibition was not significantly related to social attention. However, children higher in behavioral inhibition were less likely to self-express positive affect in the presence of peer-expressed positive affect. The current results provide a snapshot of relations between social attention, expressed affect and individual differences during play and provide guidance for future work assessing the roles of social attention and positive affect in facilitating positive social interactions.

This study examines the use of gamification as an innovative assessment approach to foreign language learning with 12-14-year-old students. A mixed methodology has been applied. Quantitative data have been collected from formative non-gamified and gamified assessments. Qualitative data was collected from a student questionnaire. The results were obtained from an international middle school where four groups of students, two in Grade 7 and two in Grade 8, engaged with gamified formative assessment. Findings show that gamification can provide a useful support mechanism in assessment success, and also on an emotional level as it lowers the affective filter, allowing the students to reduce potential anxiety and face the assessment with greater confidence. However, gamification had a small negative impact on otherwise high-performing students in the study, suggesting that gamification may not be appropriate in all contexts.

The purpose of this study is to assess the cardiometabolic responses of a lifestyle intervention (LI) conducted at home among breast cancer (BC) survivors during the two years of COVID-19 pandemic. A 3-month LI focused on diet and exercise was performed on thirty BC survivors (women; stages 0-II; non-metastatic; aged 53.6 ± 7.6 years; non-physically active) with a risk factor related to metabolic/endocrine diseases. Anthropometrics, cardiorespiratory fitness (V˙ O2max), physical activity level (PAL), adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MeDiet modified questionnaire), and several biomarkers (i.e., glycemia, insulin, insulin resistance [HOMA-IR] index, triglycerides, high- [HDL] and low- [LDL] density lipoproteins, total cholesterol, progesterone, testosterone, and hs-troponin) were evaluated before and 3-, 6-, 12-, and 24-month after the LI. Beneficial effects of the LI were observed on several variables (i.e., body mass index, waist circumference, MeDiet, PAL, V˙ O2max, glycemia, insulin, HOMA-IR index, LDL, total cholesterol, triglycerides, testosterone) after 3-month. The significant effect on Mediterranean diet adherence and V˙ O2max persisted up to the 24-month follow-up. Decreases in HOMA-IR index and triglycerides were observed up to 12-month, however did not persist afterward. This study provides evidence on the positive association between LI and cardiometabolic health in BC survivors.

En este artículo presentamos un estudio sobre el audiolibro, un producto hoy en día muy popular y que analizamos desde un punto de vista pragmático-comunicativo. Este artículo se articula en tres partes: en la primera, haremos un breve recorrido de la oralidad desde sus orígenes hasta la actualidad, presentando sus características más relevantes. Luego, nos detendremos en la teoría de la comunicación literaria y su consiguiente aplicación en el mundo digital para, finalmente, presentar el audiolibro como nuevo texto dramático.

Abstract Background Breast cancer (BC) is the most common invasive cancer in women, and exercise can significantly improve the outcomes of BC survivors. MoviS (Movement and Health Beyond Care) is a randomized controlled trial aimed to evaluate the potential health benefits of exercise and proper nutritional habits. This study aims to assess the efficacy of aerobic exercise training in improving quality of life (QoL) and health-related factors in high-risk BC. Methods One hundred seventy-two BC survivor women, aged 30–70 years, non-metastatic, stage 0–III, non-physically active, 6–12 months post-surgery, and post chemo- or radiotherapy, will be recruited in this study. Women will be randomly allocated to the intervention arm (lifestyle recommendations and MoviS Training) or control arm (lifestyle recommendations). The MoviS training consists of 12 weeks of aerobic exercise training (2 days/week of supervised and 1 day/week of unsupervised exercise) with a progressive increase in exercise intensity (40–70% of heart rate reserve) and duration (20–60 min). Both arms will receive counseling on healthy lifestyle habits (nutrition and exercise) based on the World Cancer Research Fund International (WCRF) 2018 guidelines. The primary outcome is the improvement of the QoL. The secondary outcomes are improvement of health-related parameters such as Mediterranean diet adherence, physical activity level, flexibility, muscular fitness, fatigue, cardiorespiratory fitness (estimated maximal oxygen uptake), echocardiographic parameters, heart rate variability (average of the standard deviations of all 5 min normal to normal intervals (ASDNN/5 min) and 24 h very low and low frequency), and metabolic, endocrine, and inflammatory serum biomarkers (glycemia, insulin resistance, progesterone, testosterone, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein). Discussion This trial aims to evaluate if supervised exercise may improve QoL and health-related factors of BC survivors with a high risk of recurrence. Findings from this project could provide knowledge improvement in the field of exercise oncology through the participation of a multidisciplinary team that will provide a coordinated program of cancer care to improve healthcare quality, improve prognosis, increase survival times and QoL, and reduce the risk of BC recurrence. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04818359 . Retrospectively registered on March 26, 2021

BackgroundBreast cancer (BC) is the second-leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a 12-week home-based lifestyle intervention (based on nutrition and exercise) on gut microbial composition in twenty BC survivors of the MoviS clinical trial (protocol: NCT 04818359).MethodsGut microbiota analysis through 16S rRNA gene sequencing, anthropometrics, Mediterranean Diet (MD) adherence, and cardiometabolic parameters were evaluated before (Pre) and after (Post) the lifestyle intervention (LI).ResultsBeneficial effects of the LI were observed on MD adherence, and cardiometabolic parameters (pre vs post). A robust reduction of Proteobacteria was observed after LI, which is able to reshape the gut microbiota by modulating microorganisms capable of decreasing inflammation and others involved in improving the lipid and glycemic assets of the host. A significant negative correlation between fasting glucose and Clostridia_vadinBB60 (r = -0.62), insulin and homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) index and Butyricicoccus genera (r = -0.72 and -0.66, respectively), and HDL cholesterol and Escherichia/Shigella (r = -0.59) have been reported. Moreover, positive correlations were found between MD adherence and Lachnospiraceae_ND3007 (r = 0.50), Faecalibacterium (r = 0.38) and Butyricimonas (r = 0.39).ConclusionThese data suggest that adopting a healthy lifestyle, may contribute to ameliorate several biological parameters that could be involved in the prevention of cancer relapses through the modulation of gut microbiota.

Marco Malvestio, Raccontare la fine del mondo. Fantascienza e antropocene (Milano, Nottetempo, 2021, 204 pp. ISBN 978-8874529353) di Nicoletta Vallorani

Vittorio Macioce, Dice Angelica (Milano, Salani, 2021, 300 pp. ISBN 978-8893819862) di Nicoletta Vallorani

Objective: To evaluate the extent to which postoperative complications impact patient health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and survival after pancreatic surgery. Background: Pancreatectomy is frequently associated with severe postoperative morbidity, which can affect patient recovery. Few and conflicting data are available regarding the effect of post-pancreatectomy complications on patient-reported HRQoL. Methods: This is an observational cohort study including consecutive patients enrolled in a prospective clinical trial (NCT04431076) who underwent elective pancreatectomy (2020--2022). Before surgery and on postoperative days 15, 30, 90, and 180, patients completed the PROMIS-29 profile andDuke Activity Status Index questionnaires to assess their HRQoL and functional capacity. Mean differences in HRQoL scores were obtained using multivariable linear regression adjusting for preoperative scores and confounders. Results: Of 528 patients, 370 (70%) experienced morbidity within 90 days, and 154 (29%) had severe complications (Clavien-Dindo grade >2). Delayed gastric emptying had the greatest impact on HRQoL, showing decreased mental health up to POD90 and physical health up to POD180 compared with uncomplicated patients. An inverse relationship between complication severity grade and HRQoL was evident for most domains, with Clavien- Dindo grade 3b to 4 patients showing worse HRQoL and functional capacity scores up to 6 months after surgery. In 235 pancreatic cancer patients, grade 3b and 4 complications were associated with reduced disease-specific survival (median 25 vs 41 mo, P<0.001). Conclusions: In patients undergoing pancreatic resection, postoperative complications significantly impact all domains of patient quality of life with a dose--effect relationship between complication severity and impairment of HRQoL and functional capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dysregulated fear (DF), the presence of fearful behaviors in both low-threat and high-threat contexts, is associated with child anxiety symptoms during early childhood (e.g., Buss et al., 2013). However, not all children with DF go on to develop an anxiety disorder (Buss and McDoniel, 2016). This study leveraged the data from two longitudinal cohorts (N = 261) to (1) use person-centered methods to identify profiles of fearful temperament, (2) replicate the findings linking DF to anxiety behaviors in kindergarten, (3) test if child sex moderates associations between DF and anxiety behaviors, and (4) examine the consistency of findings across multiple informants of child anxiety behaviors. We identified a normative fear profile (low fear in low-threat contexts; high fear in high-threat contexts), a low fear profile (low fear across both low- and high-threat contexts) and a DF profile (high fear across both low- and high-threat contexts). Results showed that probability of DF profile membership was significantly associated with child self-reported overanxiousness, but not with parent-reported overanxiousness. Associations between DF profile membership and overanxiousness was moderated by child sex such that these associations were significant for boys only. Additionally, results showed that probability of DF profile membership was associated with both parent-reported social withdrawal and observations of social reticence, but there were no significant associations with child self-report of social withdrawal. Results highlight the importance of considering person-centered profiles of fearful temperament across different emotion-eliciting contexts, and the importance of using multiple informants to understand associations with temperamental risk for child anxiety.

Copyright of Other Modernities / Altre Modernita / Otras Modernidades / Autres Modernités is the property of Altre Modernita and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract Affect-biased attention is an automatic process that prioritizes emotionally or motivationally salient stimuli. Several models of affect-biased attention and its development suggest that it comprises an individual’s ability to both engage with and disengage from emotional stimuli. Researchers typically rely on singular tasks to measure affect-biased attention, which may lead to inconsistent results across studies. Here we examined affect-biased attention across three tasks in a unique sample of 193 infants, using both variable-centered (factor analysis; FA) and person-centered (latent profile analysis; LPA) approaches. Using exploratory FA, we found evidence for two factors of affect-biased attention: an Engagement factor and a Disengagement factor, where greater maternal anxiety was related to less engagement with faces. Using LPA, we found two groups of infants with different patterns of affect-biased attention: a Vigilant group and an Avoidant group. A significant interaction noted that infants higher in negative affect who also had more anxious mothers were most likely to be in the Vigilant group. Overall, these results suggest that both FA and LPA are viable approaches for studying distinct questions related to the development of affect-biased attention, and set the stage for future longitudinal work examining the role of infant negative affect and maternal anxiety in the emergence of affect-biased attention.

Alessandra Marzola, Gli anni diversi (Guidonia, Iacobelli Editore, 2021, 180 pp. ISBN 978-86-2526-77-7) di Nicoletta Vallorani

Saidiya Hartman, Perdi la madre. Un viaggio lungo la rotta atlantica degli schiavi (Napoli, Tamu Edizioni, 2021, 336 pp. ISBN 979-12-80195-05-0) di Nicoletta Vallorani

Gaia Giuliani, Monsters, Catastrophes and the Anthropocene: A Postcolonial Critique (London, Routledge, 2021, 223 pp. ISBN 978-113-847-977-7) by Nicoletta Vallorani

Anna Rocchi, L’incontro con la wilderness. Macrofiguralità e incroci intertestuali da Conrad a Malouf e Patchett (Pisa, Edizioni ETS, 2017, pp. 171 ISBN 978-884-674-687-0) di Nicoletta Vallorani

Given the benefits of physical activity for breast cancer survivals, this pilot study aims to assess the feasibility of the MOTIVE program at achieving and maintaining the recommended physical activity level in women diagnosed and treated breast cancer, over 16 weeks. We conduct a pilot-controlled study of 20 women diagnosed with breast cancer stage I, II or IIIa. In this study, women of Intervention Arm (n = 10) received the MOTIVE program. This group was compared to women of Control Arm (n = 10) who received only counselling. Health-related fitness measures, and quality of life were assessed at baseline (t0) and after 4 (t1), 8 (t2) and 16 (t3) weeks. Intervention Arm women reached the recommended physical activity guidelines at t1 and t2 (eff.size = 1.9 [1.0–3.1]), and 90% continued to be active, autonomously, at t3 (eff.size = 1.12 [0.21–2.12]). Intervention Arm participants’ arm strength, fitness levels and quality of life also improved over time. No significant improvements in outcome measures were observed in Control Arm participants. These results are encouraging and suggest that the MOTIVE program may be a viable, well tolerated and effective option to help breast cancer women reaching a stable physical activity level over time, which meets prevention-related goals.

Background: Although laparoscopy has demonstrated growing applications for either primary colorectal resections or reoperations, no standardized criteria for implementing laparoscopy in revisional surgery have been reported. This study analyzes a single‐center series of major complications after laparoscopic colorectal surgery, undergoing laparoscopic (LR), or open reoperations in compliance with a hemodynamics‐based institutional management. Methods: This study retrospectively analyzes a series of consecutive patients who primarily underwent either laparoscopic left colectomy or low anterior resection in a tertiary referral center between 2016 and 2021. Major complications requiring reoperation (MCR) were managed through an interdisciplinary protocol and submitted to reoperation according to patient hemodynamics and intra‐abdominal contamination. A cohort analysis primarily assessed treatment failure rates (i.e., 90‐day mortality and need for further surgery), while postoperative morbidity was secondarily examined. Results: Out of 1137 laparoscopic colorectal resections, 497 patients met eligibility criteria, while 45 (9.1%) developed MCRs were managed according to the standardized interdisciplinary protocol. Revisional surgery was performed through either LR (66.7%) or (33.3%). Treatment failure was 13.3% overall, including additional surgery (11.1%) and 90‐day mortality (6.6%) after reoperation. In both overall and anastomotic leak‐specific MCRs, relaparoscopy resulted in minimized length of hospital stay, postoperative morbidity, and intensity of care. Conclusions: Relaparoscopy for MCR preserves clinical benefits related to minimally invasive colorectal surgery. Further studies should investigate applicative determinants and impediments related to the center volume. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to propose some reflections on the impact of open access publications in the field of cultural studies and literary criticism. The publishing experience of the open access journal Altre modernità will be reviewed in dialogue with its Editors-in-Chief, Laura Scarabelli and Nicoletta Vallorani. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]