42 results on '"Vallerotto, Guido"'
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2. Collimated solar simulator for curved PV modules characterization
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Vallerotto, Guido, Martín, Francisco, Macías, Javier, Herrero, Rebeca, San José, Luis J., Askins, Steve, Núñez, Rubén, Domínguez, César, and Antón, Ignacio
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- 2023
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3. Demonstration of molded glass primary optics for high-efficiency micro-concentrator photovoltaics
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Jost, Norman, Vallerotto, Guido, Tripoli, Alessandro, Askins, Steve, Domínguez, César, and Antón, Ignacio
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- 2022
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4. On-site characterization of misalignments between concentrator photovoltaic modules installed on trackers
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San José, Luis, Vallerotto, Guido, Herrero, Rebeca, Núñez, Rubén, and Antón, Ignacio
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- 2022
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5. Fabrication of high-performance lens arrays for micro-concentrator photovoltaics using ultraviolet imprinting
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Norman, Jost, Jacobo Martín, Alejandra, Vallerotto, Guido, Hernández, Jaime J., Garcia Sanchez, Almudena, Domínguez Domínguez, César, Rodríguez, Isabel, Antón Hernández, Ignacio, Norman, Jost, Jacobo Martín, Alejandra, Vallerotto, Guido, Hernández, Jaime J., Garcia Sanchez, Almudena, Domínguez Domínguez, César, Rodríguez, Isabel, and Antón Hernández, Ignacio
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Micro-concentrator photovoltaics (micro-CPV) is a cutting-edge CPV approach aimed at increasing the efficiency and reducing the cost and carbon footprint of solar electricity by downscaling concentrator solar cells and optics. The reduced size of micro-CPV provides several advantages over conventional CPV, including shorter optical paths and lower temperature and resistive losses in the cell, resulting in higher electrical efficiencies. This may increase the energy yield per area compared to conventional CPV or silicon modules. Cost reduction is achieved through material savings and the use of continuous manufacturing methods enabled by the tiny size of cells and optics, such as roll-to-roll (R2R) and roll-to-plate (R2P) ultraviolet (UV) imprinting for optics production. However, adapting these processes to large-area arrays of Fresnel microlenses with no wasted areas and high efficiency remains a challenge. In this study, we present a comprehensive methodology for the development of micro-CPV optics with full area coverage–from design and mastering to up-scaling, tooling, and replication. The methodology involves designing a non-rotationally symmetric elementary insert tailored to ultraviolet imprinting. Crucially, multiple inserts are originated via precision machining and recombined to form a single array master mold without wasted areas. The master is then replicated into a flexible working stamp for UV imprinting of Fresnel lens arrays, utilizing different UV curable materials. The functional characterization of the lenses demonstrates an optical efficiency of 80% at 178X under collimated white light, representing the highest effective concentration achieved using UV-imprinted Fresnel lenses. Furthermore, initial reliability tests confirm the absence of degradation during thermal cycling or outdoor exposure. This methodology paves the way for continuous high-throughput manufacturing of microlens arrays using R2R or R2P methods, presenting a significant step for
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- 2024
6. Outdoor Characterization of Hybrid HCPV- T Module Featuring a Passive Tracking System
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Vallerotto, Guido, primary, Askins, Steve, additional, van Herpt, Javier, additional, Marti, David, additional, Caselles, Jaime, additional, and Anton, Ignacio, additional
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- 2022
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7. Progress and Demonstration of Micro-CPV Module with Integrated Planar Tracking and Diffuse Light Collection
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Askins, Steve A, primary, Vallerotto, Guido, additional, Dominguez, Cesar, additional, Duchemin, Mathilde, additional, Nardin, Gael, additional, Ackermann, Mathieu, additional, Petri, Delphine, additional, Despeisse, Matthieu, additional, Levrat, Jacques, additional, Niquille, Xavier, additional, Ballif, Christophe, additional, Martinez, Juan F, additional, Steiner, Marc, additional, Siefer, Gerald, additional, and Anton, Ignacio, additional
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- 2022
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8. Characterization method and analysis of misalignments in micro-concentrator photovoltaic modules
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San José, Luis, primary, Vallerotto, Guido, additional, Herrero, Rebeca, additional, and Antón, Ignacio, additional
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- 2022
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9. Misalignments Characterization in Micro-CPV Modules with Deep Lerning Compared with Electrical Performance Parameters
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San José Gallego, Luis Javier, Vallerotto, Guido, Herrero Martín, Rebeca, Antón Hernández, Ignacio, San José Gallego, Luis Javier, Vallerotto, Guido, Herrero Martín, Rebeca, and Antón Hernández, Ignacio
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A method for misalignments characterization through image acquisition has been adapted and applied to micro-CPV. For this purpose, a measurement set-up and an image processing are proposed and explained. Two different image processing are explored: one based on conventional segmentation method, and another based on Deep Learning. The method is validated based on two measurements that determine the accuracy and the repeatability, showing that the processing based on Deep Learning improves both measurement parameters.
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- 2022
10. Solar Simulator for Indoor Characterization of Hybrid CPV/Flat-Plate Modules
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Bindu, Shilpa, Soofi Alizadeh, Arash, Askins, Stephen, Vallerotto, Guido, Domínguez Domínguez, César, Antón Hernández, Ignacio, Bindu, Shilpa, Soofi Alizadeh, Arash, Askins, Stephen, Vallerotto, Guido, Domínguez Domínguez, César, and Antón Hernández, Ignacio
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The hybrid modules developed by a Swiss startup, Insolight, consist of a micro-concentrator photovoltaic (micro- CPV) sub-module mounted on a non-concentrator Si backplane. Embedding the micro-CPV cells on top of the flat plate module complements the high efficiency of the CPV with the geographic versatility of the Si cells. Characterization of such modules should be adapted for the requirements and challenges posed by the component submodules. The top CPV layer utilizes the direct component of the incident radiation and the bottom Si layer utilizes the diffuse component. Therefore, it is necessary to test the modules under two lighting conditions. This paper demonstrates a novel solar simulator design for the indoor characterization of hybrid modules based on the collimated-light solar simulator for CPV modules developed by the Instituto de Energía Solar-UPM. The new simulator design adds provisions for testing Silicon submodules under uniform diffuse light by incorporating diffusive elements in the collimated-light path and reducing stray light. The existing CPV simulator at UPM has been refurbished to test the new design concepts. The I-V curve of a hybrid module has been characterized indoors using several configurations and compared to reference measurements obtained outdoors in order to optimize and validate the new setup.
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- 2022
11. Characterization method and analysis of misalignments in micro-concentrator photovoltaic modules
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San José Gallego, Luis Javier, Vallerotto, Guido, Herrero Martín, Rebeca, Antón Hernández, Ignacio, San José Gallego, Luis Javier, Vallerotto, Guido, Herrero Martín, Rebeca, and Antón Hernández, Ignacio
- Abstract
Micro-scale concentrator photovoltaics (micro-CPV) is an emerging trend for the development of high-efficiency, low-cost photovoltaic systems. The miniaturization of optics and cells offers advantages in terms of performance and enables differentiation in the PV market. However, the sub-millimeter size of the solar cells used, the intrinsic narrow angular tolerance of CPV optical systems (typically around 0.5° and 2°), and the massive number of cells per module lead to very tight mechanical tolerances. Therefore, determining the misalignments between cells and optics is important for quality control inspection of modules. In this paper, we describe a method for characterizing these misalignments based on image acquisition and its subsequent processing and apply it to a micro-CPV module composed of 572 lens-cell units. This method is validated, using a unique experimental technique that takes advantage of the tracking system embedded in the module. The statistical distributions of misalignments are compared for two tracking positions, residuals are determined and shows the consistency of the method. Finally, the impact of misalignment distributions on the IV curve of the module is discussed.
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- 2022
12. Optimization of achromatic doublet on glass (ADG) Fresnel lens for different solar cell technologies.
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Vallerotto, Guido, Jost, Norman, Victoria, Marta, Askins, Stephen, Domínguez, César, and Antón, Ignacio
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SOLAR technology , *FRESNEL lenses , *SOLAR cells , *ACHROMATISM , *GLASS - Abstract
Silicone on glass (SoG) Fresnel lenses are the reference technology in concentrator photovoltaics (CPV) because of their simplicity, cheapness, and proven long-term reliability. However, they are strongly affected by the chromatic aberration. In order to overcome this limitation, the achromatic doublet on glass (ADG) was proposed. Such technology merges the achromatic doublet concept and the simplicity and reliability of the SoG manufacturing process obtaining a cost-effective lens with highly reduced chromatic aberration. In previous works the ADG concept was experimentally demonstrated. Nevertheless, despite the achromatic behavior, the ADG has a low optical efficiency caused by both geometrical and absorption losses. In this work the authors present an alternative ADG architecture with the potential of significantly reduce the main sources of losses and to achieve a superior efficiency. Furthermore, an optimization of the ADG design parameters focused to its application with specific solar cell technologies is presented. The results demonstrated that the technology has the potential of achieving the same efficiency of the SoG technology maintaining the advantages of the achromatic design in term of spectral uniformity and reduced temperature dependency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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13. Misalignments characterization in micro-CPV modules with deep learning compared with electrical performance parameters.
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San José, Luis, Vallerotto, Guido, Herrero, Rebeca, and Antón, Ignacio
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DEEP learning , *LEARNING modules , *IMAGE processing - Abstract
A method for misalignments characterization through image acquisition has been adapted and applied to micro-CPV. For this purpose, a measurement set-up and an image processing are proposed and explained. Two different image processing are explored: one based on conventional segmentation method, and another based on Deep Learning. The method is validated based on two measurements that determine the accuracy and the repeatability, showing that the processing based on Deep Learning improves both measurement parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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14. Demonstration of Molded Glass Primary Optics for High-Efficiency Micro-Concentrator Photovoltaics
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Jost, Norman, primary, Vallerotto, Guido, additional, Tripoli, Alessandro, additional, and Askins, Steve, additional
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- 2022
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15. Solar simulator for indoor characterization of hybrid CPV/flat-plate modules
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Bindu, Shilpa, primary, Soofi, Arash, additional, Askins, Steve, additional, Vallerotto, Guido, additional, Dominguez, César, additional, and Antón, Ignacio, additional
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- 2022
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16. Roll-to-roll nanoimprint lithography of high efficiency Fresnel lenses for micro-concentrator photovoltaics
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Jacobo-Martín, Alejandra, primary, Jost, Norman, additional, Hernández, Jaime J., additional, Domínguez, César, additional, Vallerotto, Guido, additional, Askins, Steve, additional, Antón, Ignacio, additional, and Rodríguez, Isabel, additional
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- 2021
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17. Supplementary document for Roll-to-roll nanoimprint lithography of high efficiency Fresnel lenses for micro-concentrator photovoltaics - 5464093.pdf
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Jacobo-Martín, Alejandra, Jost, Norman, Rueda, Jaime Javier Hernandez, Domínguez, César, Vallerotto, Guido, Askins, Steve, Antón, Ignacio, and Rodriguez, Isabel
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Supplemental Document
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- 2021
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18. Comparison of achromatic doublet on glass Fresnel lenses for concentrator photovoltaics
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Vallerotto, Guido, primary, Victoria, Marta, additional, Jost, Norman, additional, Askins, Stephen, additional, Domínguez, César, additional, Herrero, Rebeca, additional, and Antón, Ignacio, additional
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- 2021
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19. Industrialization of hybrid Si/III–V and translucent planar micro-tracking modules
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Nardin, Gaël, Domínguez, César, Aguilar, Álvaro Fernando, Anglade, Laetitia, Duchemin, Matilde, Schuppisser, David, Gerlich, Florian, Ackermann, Mathieu, Coulot, Laurent, Cuénod, Blaise, Petri, Delphine, Niquille, Xavier, Badel, Nicolas, Lachowicz, Agata, Despeisse, Matthieu, Levrat, Jacques, Ballif, Christophe, Askins, Stephen, Núñez, Rubén, Jost, Norman, Vallerotto, Guido, Antón, Ignacio, Nardin, Gaël, Domínguez, César, Aguilar, Álvaro Fernando, Anglade, Laetitia, Duchemin, Matilde, Schuppisser, David, Gerlich, Florian, Ackermann, Mathieu, Coulot, Laurent, Cuénod, Blaise, Petri, Delphine, Niquille, Xavier, Badel, Nicolas, Lachowicz, Agata, Despeisse, Matthieu, Levrat, Jacques, Ballif, Christophe, Askins, Stephen, Núñez, Rubén, Jost, Norman, Vallerotto, Guido, and Antón, Ignacio
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A tracking‐integrated hybrid micro‐concentrator module is presented that can harvest direct, diffuse, and albedo irradiance components. It uses biconvex 180× lens arrays to concentrate direct light on high‐efficiency III–V solar cells (29% module efficiency has been demonstrated outdoors on direct sunlight at Concentrator Standard Test Conditions) and a planar micro‐tracking mechanism to allow installation in static frames. Two architectures have been developed to harvest diffuse irradiance: (1) a hybrid architecture where the backplane is covered with monofacial or bifacial Si cells; (2) a translucent architecture where diffuse light is transmitted through the module for dual‐land‐use applications, such as agrivoltaics. Simulations show that the hybrid architecture provides an excess of yearly energy production compared to 20% efficiency flat‐plate photovoltaic (PV) module in all locations studied, including those with a low direct normal irradiance (DNI) content, and up to 38% advantage in high‐DNI locations. The use of bifacial heterojunction and interdigitated back‐contact Si cells has been explored for the glass–Si–glass backplane laminate to harvest albedo light. Bifacial gains modeled can boost energy yield by about 30% in the best scenario. We discuss the perspectives of the translucent modules for dual‐land‐use applications as well, such as integration in greenhouses for agriculture‐integrated PV (agrivoltaics). This architecture can provide up to 47% excess electricity compared to a spaced reference Si array that transmits the same amount of solar photosynthetically active radiation for crop production. The HIPERION consortium funded by the European H2020 program is making an intensive effort to take this technology to the industrial scale.
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- 2021
20. Industrialization of hybrid Si/III–V and translucent planar micro‐tracking modules
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Nardin, Gaël, primary, Domínguez, César, additional, Aguilar, Álvaro Fernando, additional, Anglade, Laetitia, additional, Duchemin, Mathilde, additional, Schuppisser, David, additional, Gerlich, Florian, additional, Ackermann, Mathieu, additional, Coulot, Laurent, additional, Cuénod, Blaise, additional, Petri, Delphine, additional, Niquille, Xavier, additional, Badel, Nicolas, additional, Lachowicz, Agata, additional, Despeisse, Matthieu, additional, Levrat, Jacques, additional, Ballif, Christophe, additional, Askins, Stephen, additional, Núñez, Rubén, additional, Jost, Norman, additional, Vallerotto, Guido, additional, and Antón, Ignacio, additional
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- 2020
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21. Misalignments measurement of CPV optical components through image acquisition
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San José Gallego, Luis Javier, Vallerotto, Guido, Herrero Martín, Rebeca, Antón Hernández, Ignacio, San José Gallego, Luis Javier, Vallerotto, Guido, Herrero Martín, Rebeca, and Antón Hernández, Ignacio
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Concentrator Photovoltaics (CPV) technology relies on optical systems that concentrate sunlight on solar cells in exchange for a reduction of the permitted angular tolerance when pointing at the sun. A proper alignment between optics and photovoltaic receivers is crucial for the performance of this technology, particularly point focus CPV systems with concentration ratios above 100X that have narrow angular tolerances. This study presents the theoretical fundamentals of a method for evaluating misalignments in a CPV module. The method is based on the acquisition and analysis of images, taken by a camera, of the photovoltaic receivers magnified through the primary optics. The method has been successfully validated by empirical measurements and ray tracing simulations of a single lens-receiver unit.
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- 2020
22. Achromatic Doublet on Glass Fresnel lenses for Concentrator Photovoltaic Systems
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Vallerotto, Guido, Antón Hernández, Ignacio, and Victoria Pérez, Marta
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Telecomunicaciones - Abstract
En los últimos años, el aumento constante de la demanda energética, junto con un incremento en la preocupación por el cuidado del medio ambiente, han resultado en grandes avances en el campo de las energías renovables. Entre ellas, la energía fotovoltaica (PV del inglés photovoltaic) se ha expandido rápidamente por todo el mundo, consiguiendo un coste de la electricidad (LCOE del inglés levelized cost of electricity) comparable y en muchos casos inferior al de otras tecnologías convencionales basadas en combustibles fósiles. Dentro del campo de la energía solar cabe destacar el papel de la energía solar fotovoltaica de concentración (CPV del inglés concentrator photovoltaic), cuya eficiencia es la más alta de entre todas las tecnologías PV existentes, con un módulo récord del 43 % en el año 2016. En este contexto, esta tesis está basada en el desarrollo, fabricación y caracterización de una nueva óptica para aplicaciones CPV, capaz de incrementar la máxima concentración alcanzable, además de aumentar la tolerancia a los posibles errores de ensamblaje, seguimiento, temperatura y variación del espectro solar, manteniendo al mismo tiempo costes competitivos. Actualmente, la mayoría de módulos CPV en el mercado, están basados en lentes de Fresnel híbridas de silicona sobre vidrio (SoG del inglés silicone on glass). Esta tecnología debe su éxito principalmente a su excelente estabilidad en el exterior, así como a la sencillez de su proceso de fabricación. Sin embargo, tiene una limitación muy importante: la aberración cromática. Este fenómeno hace que la luz de diferentes longitudes de onda se enfoque a distintas distancias de la lente, limitando la concentración máxima alcanzable a un factor de poco más de 200 soles, sin pérdida significativa de luz. Para atenuar este efecto, los módulos CPV pueden incluir un elemento óptico secundario (SOE del inglés secondary optical element) acoplado a la célula fotovoltaica, que consigue aumentar la concentración y, al mismo tiempo, contribuir a una mayor uniformidad de la luz sobre la célula. Sin embargo, la implementación del SOE en el módulo CPV tiene ciertas desventajas inherentes, como la introducción de una nueva fuente de pérdidas o costes adicionales de fabricación y ensamblaje del propio SOE. En el trabajo llevado a cabo en esta tesis, el objetivo principal es el desarrollo de un nuevo concepto de lente de Fresnel acromática de bajo coste para aplicaciones fotovoltaicas de alta concentración, llamada doblete acromático sobre vidrio (ADG del inglés achromatic doublet on glass). La tecnología de lentes propuesta, gracias al diseño acromático, consigue una atenuación del fenómeno de la aberración cromática, permitiendo aumentar la máxima concentración alcanzable, sin la necesidad de implementar la óptica segundaria, lo que conlleva una serie de beneficios desde el punto de vista económico y de fiabilidad. El diseño de la lentes consiste en un sustrato rígido de vidrio y en una lente de plástico con dientes de Fresnel en ambas caras pegados entre si mediante un material elastomérico. Eligiendo un par de materiales con propiedades ópticas adecuadas, el concepto de doblete acromático delgado se ha podido poner en práctica, manteniendo además costes bajos gracias a la sencillez del proceso de fabricación. De hecho, la fabricación de la pieza de plástico es realizable por procesos ya desarrollados en la industria como: inyección de plástico, inyección a compresión, o estampado en caliente. Por último, el proceso de fabricación acaba con la realización de la lente ADG por laminación, un proceso con características muy similares al comúnmente usado para laminar los módulos fotovoltaicos planos. En la primera parte de la tesis, se presenta la investigación llevada a cabo sobre los posibles materiales utilizables en el proceso de fabricación de lentes ADG, y la explicación sobre los principales motivos que han conducido al desarrollo del diseño actual de lente propuesta. El estudio de optimización del par de materiales que producirían una mayor reducción del fenómeno de aberración cromática se ha desarrollado mediante simulaciones de trazado de rayos basadas en métodos de Montecarlo. De todos los materiales disponibles, finalmente se han seleccionado un elástomero termoplástico (TPE) y el policarbonato (PC) con alta transmisión en la región ultravioleta (UV) del espectro solar. Con esta configuración, las simulaciones de trazado de rayos predicen una eficiencia óptica relativa (es decir, una eficiencia óptica de ADG normalizada con la eficiencia óptica de una lente SoG usada como referencia) del 92.6 %, además, las simulaciones predicen también una concentración máxima alcanzable con las lentes ADG del doble que para las SoG. Además, se ha hecho uso asimismo de las simulaciones para entender la tolerancia a los posibles errores de fabricación en la estructura de la lente, con objeto de definir los requisitos de calidad necesarios para conseguir una alta eficiencia en términos ópticos. Una vez definidos estos estándares, se estableció el método de fabricación de lentes ADG y se llevó a cabo la fabricación de una laminadora necesaria para laminar las lentes en el Instituto de Energía Solar, en la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (IES-UPM). Se realizaron un gran número de prototipos que fueron caracterizados en el laboratorio del IES-UPM, demostrando experimentalmente desde el comienzo el comportamiento acromático de los prototipos, y consecuentemente, la viabilidad del concepto. Más tarde, el trabajo se centró en la optimización de los prototipos de ADG, realizándose tres generaciones distintas. En la primera generación, la eficiencia óptica relativa conseguida fue del 85.5 %. Desde entonces, se han optimizado aspectos tales como el diseño y el procedimiento de fabricación para conseguir llegar, en la tercera generación, a una eficiencia relativa del 89.4 %, muy cercana al valor límite teórico predicho por trazado de rayos. Si comparamos la tercera generación con la primera, la tercera tiene un diseño mejorado, nuevos materiales con una mayor transmisión, un tratamiento de la superficie cuyo objetivo es mejorar la adhesión de los materiales, y un equipo de fabricación completamente automático. Por otra parte, también ha sido objeto de esta tesis el estudio de los mayores retos derivados de la fabricación de arrays compuestos de lentes ADG. El principal obstáculo, ha sido la ausencia de un molde capaz de inyectar el parqué de lentes de plástico de una sola vez. No obstante, se han llevado a cabo satisfactoriamente la laminación y caracterización de numerosos parqué, compuestos de numerosas lentes pegadas manualmente de forma individual, obteniendo eficiencias tan solo un 1 − 2 % menores que las conseguidas durante la realización de unidades elementales compuestas de una sola lente. El principal motivo de esta reducción de eficiencia, es la alta dispersión de valores de eficiencia medidos, que es causado por las limitaciones intrínsecas del pegado manual de las lentes que componen el array, y por posibles efectos de borde durante el proceso de laminación. Sin embargo, estas limitaciones podrían evitarse fácilmente en una línea de producción a gran escala. Finalmente, se ha llevado a cabo el ensamblaje y la caracterización en el exterior de módulos fotovoltaicos completos con células de triple unión (3J) de alta eficiencia durante un periodo de tiempo de más de cuatro meses. Los módulos ensamblados fueron dos. El primero de ellos, un mono-módulo, es un sistema compuesto de una lente de Fresnel ADG con una célula solar 3J, mientras el segundo es un módulo de grande superficie compuesto por 10x5 lentes con las correspondientes células 3J. Por un lado, el mono-módulo se usó para destacar el potencial de la tecnología ADG y obtener los mejores resultados posibles alcanzables con esta tecnología al nivel de desarrollo actual. Por otro lado, el objetivo del montaje del módulo completo fue la demostración de la viabilidad de la tecnología ADG que, en tan solo tres años y medio, ha conseguido ser desarrollada experimentalmente y satisfactoriamente caracterizada. La caracterización del módulo demostró, no solo que el diseño acromático es capaz de alcanzar mayores niveles de concentración, sino también que contribuye a la reducción de su sensibilidad a las condiciones ambientales tales como la temperatura o el espectro solar. En los últimos meses, se ha llevado a cabo también un análisis de costes de la tecnología desarrollada para probar si la tecnología ADG, además de las ventajas tecnológicas ya demostradas, es capaz de resultar en un ahorro económico significativo. En este caso, teniendo en cuenta la reducción en coste por los materiales usados, cuyo precio es menor que el de la silicona óptica usada comúnmente en las lentes de Fresnel convencionales, y el mayor rendimiento energético anual derivado de la mayor estabilidad térmica y espectral, ha sido demostrado asimismo que la contribución del coste de las lentes al LCOE es significativamente menor en el caso de las lentes ADG en comparación con las lentes SoG. Esta diferencia podría llegar a resultar incluso mayor, si un escenario de alta concentración fuera considerado. ----------ABSTRACT---------- In the last years, the constantly growing energy demand of the population on earth, together with the increasingly topical environmental ethics, resulted in relevant advances in the field of the renewable energy sources. Among them, photovoltaic (PV) energy is one of the most widespread around the world and has often achieved a levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) comparable with conventional fossil fuels. Within this field, a special interested is dedicated to the concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) technology, whose measured efficiencies are the highest among all the existing PV technologies, achieving the record efficiency of 43 % in 2016. This thesis is dedicated to the development, manufacturing, and characterization of a novel optics for CPV applications capable of either increase the maximum attainable concentration or to widen the tolerance to assembly errors, tracking, temperature, and spectral variation, while simultaneously maintaining competitive costs. Nowadays, most of the CPV modules in the market are based on hybrid silicone on glass (SoG) Fresnel lenses. Such technology, whose success has been ensured by its excellent stability under outdoor exposition and by the easiness of the processing required for the manufacturing, has an important limitation: the chromatic aberration. Such phenomenon causes light with different wavelength to focus at different distances from the lens, limiting the maximum attainable concentration to a factor of slightly more than 200 suns, if no light spillage is assumed. In modern CPV module, a secondary optical element (SOE) is commonly coupled with the solar cell in order to increase the concentration and, at the same time, smooth the spectral distribution of the light over the cell. The implementation of SOE in a CPV module, apart from introducing a new source of losses or fails, results in additional costs due to manufacturing, assembly, etc. of the SOE itself. The work carried out in this thesis aims to the development of an novel cost-effective achromatic lens for CPV applications, named achromatic doublet on glass (ADG) Fresnel lens. The proposed lens technology, thanks to the achromatic design resulting in a reduced chromatic aberration, allows to increase the maximum attainable concentration and to smooth the spectral distribution of the light, without the implementation of a SOE, with obvious benefits from the financial and the reliability points of view. The lens design consists in a rigid glass substrate on which a plastic piece featuring Fresnel grooves on both its sides is glued using an elastomeric materials. As a consequence, by choosing the pair of materials with the adequate optical properties, the well-known concept of a thin achromatic doublet can be applied, while maintaining low costs thanks to the simple manufacturing process. In fact, the plastic piece is manufactured using high reliable industrial processes such as injection molding, compression molding, or hot embossing. Finally, the ADG sandwich is obtained by lamination, which is envisaged to be similar to the method commonly used to laminate conventional flat PV modules. In the first part of the thesis, a comprehensive investigation over the materials that may be potentially used to manufacture ADG lenses is presented, together with the reasons which led to the current ADG design. Ray-tracing simulations based on Montecarlo method have been used as a tool to assess which pair of materials provided the strongest reduction of the chromatic aberration. Among all the materials available, a thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) and the polycarbonate (PC) with high transmission in the ultraviolet (UV) region have been selected. With this configuration, ray-tracing simulations predicted a relative optical efficiency (i.e. the ADG optical efficiency normalized with the optical efficiency of a reference SoG lens used as benchmark) of 92.6 % and, in addition, the maximum attainable concentration of the simulated ADG lens is the double than the concentration simulated for the SoG lens. Furthermore, the simulations results have been used to understand the tolerance of the lens structure to manufacturing errors with the purpose of understanding what is the quality required in order to achieve a high performance optics. Afterwards, the method for manufacturing ADG lenses was defined and the required equipment (a laminator machine) was manufactured ad-hoc at the laboratory of the Solar Energy Institute, Technical University of Madrid (IES-UPM). A huge number of prototypes were manufactured and characterized at the IES-UPM laboratory, experimentally demonstrating from the beginning the achromatic behavior of the prototypes and, consequently, the feasibility of the concept. Later, the work focused on the optimization of the ADG prototypes. Three ADG generations have been developed. From the first generation, whose measured relative optical efficiency is equal to 85.5 %, many things have been optimized in order to achieve, for the third generation, the relative efficiency value of 89.4 %, which is close to the theoretical limit value predicted by ray-tracing. The third generation with respect to the first includes an improved design, new materials with enhanced transmission, a surface treatment aimed to enhance the adhesion between the materials of the sandwich, and a completely automated machinery used in the manufacturing process. Also, the challenges deriving from the manufacturing of arrays composed of many ADG lenses have been studied in the thesis. The main obstacle was the absence of a mold designed to inject the parquet of plastic all in once. Nonetheless, manually gluing the individual lenses, several parquets composed of many lenses have been successfully laminated and characterized resulting an overall efficiency only 1 − 2 % lower than the elementary units composed of one individual lens. The main reason of the efficiency reduction is the high dispersion of the measured efficiency values, which in turn is caused by the handmade procedure employed to glue together all the lenses composing the array and by a possible border effect during the lamination. However, both these limitations would be easily avoided in a utility-scale production line. Finally, complete CPV modules including modern high-efficiency triple-junction (3J) solar cell have been assembled and measured outdoor over a time lapse of more than four months. Two modules were assembled. The first is a mono-module, i.e. a system composed of one ADG Fresnel lens and one 3J solar cell, while the second is a full area module composed of 10x5 lenses and as many 3J solar cells. The mono-module was used in order to highlight the potential of the ADG technology and to obtain the best possible results attainable with the current development level. Conversely, the full module was needed to show that the ADG technology is actually possible and that, in only three years and a half of development, was already conceptually demonstrated and experimentally tested in relevand industrial environment. The characterization of the module demonstrated that the achromatic design, apart from providing a higher concentration, contributes to reduce the sensitivity of the module to ambient conditions such as temperature and spectrum. In the last months, a cost analysis of the developed technology is carried out in order to prove that the ADG technology, apart from the technological advantages already remarked, provides also a significant economic saving. The pair of materials selected are cheaper than the silicone used for conventional Fresnel lenses. This, together with the enhanced annual energy yield provided by the improved thermal and spectral stability, demonstrated that the contribution of the lens cost to the LCOE is significantly lower for the ADG lens than for te SoG lens. Such difference results to be even higher if a high concentration scenario is considered.
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- 2019
23. Molded glass arrays for micro-CPV applications with very good performance
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Jost, Norman, primary, Vallerotto, Guido, additional, Tripoli, Alessandro, additional, L'Eprevier, Bertrand de, additional, Domínguez, César, additional, Askins, Steve, additional, and Antón, Ignacio, additional
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- 2020
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24. Misalignments characterization for micro-CPV modules
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José, Luis San, primary, Vallerotto, Guido, additional, Herrero, Rebeca, additional, and Antón, Ignacio, additional
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- 2020
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25. Novel optical approach for concentrating light in micro-CPV
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Jost, Norman, primary, Dominguez, Cesar, additional, Vallerotto, Guido, additional, Gu, Tian, additional, Hu, Juejun, additional, and Anton, Ignacio, additional
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- 2019
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26. Outdoor experimental characterization of novel high-efficiency high-concentrator photovoltaic (HCPV) modules using achromatic doublet on glass (ADG) Fresnel lenses as primary optics
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Vallerotto, Guido, Wiesenfarth, Maike, Victoria, Marta, Steiner, Marc, Antón Hernández, Ignacio, Jost, Norman, Askins ., Stephen, Sala Pano, Gabriel, Vallerotto, Guido, Wiesenfarth, Maike, Victoria, Marta, Steiner, Marc, Antón Hernández, Ignacio, Jost, Norman, Askins ., Stephen, and Sala Pano, Gabriel
- Abstract
In this paper we present a comprehensive outdoor experimental characterization of the first modules assembled using the Achromatic Doublet on Glass (ADG) Fresnel lens technology. First, only the elementary units comprising one lens and one cell are investigated: the electrical performance is measured varying the cell-lens distance in order to identify the optimal focal distance. Second, a mono-module (module composed of one lens and one solar cell) has been assembled and installed on a two-axis tracker where it has been continuously measured between June and October 2018. Also, a monomodule including conventional Silicone on Glass (SoG) Fresnel lenses has been assembled and used as benchmark. Results demonstrated that the achromatic design of the ADG lenses used as Primary Optical Elements (POE) provides a significantly reduced temperature dependency of the module performance. The performance is maintained constant throughout the whole measurement period enhancing the energy output over time.
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- 2019
27. Low-cost solar-encapsulant-on-glass Fresnel lenses for CPV applications
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Jost, Norman, primary, Vallerotto, Guido, additional, Domínguez, César, additional, Askins, Steve, additional, and Antón, Ignacio, additional
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- 2019
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28. Outdoor experimental characterization of novel high-efficiency high-concentrator photovoltaic (HCPV) modules using achromatic doublet on glass (ADG) Fresnel lenses as primary optics
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Vallerotto, Guido, primary, Wiesenfarth, Maike, additional, Victoria, Marta, additional, Steiner, Marc, additional, Antón, Ignacio, additional, Jost, Norman, additional, Askins, Steve, additional, and Sala, Gabriel, additional
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- 2019
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29. Achromatic lens casting nearly uniform irradiance over MJ solar cells
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Victoria Pérez, Marta, Vallerotto, Guido, Askins, Stephen, Antón Hernandez, Ignacio, and Sala Pano, Gabriel
- Subjects
Telecomunicaciones ,New Materials and Concepts for Cells and Modules ,New Materials and Concepts for Photovoltaic Devices ,7. Clean energy - Abstract
33rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 30-33, The Achromatic Doublet on Glass (ADG) Fresnel lens is a novel concentrator that combines a lowdispersion elastomer and a high-dispersion plastic to obtain a Fresnel lens with reduced chromatic aberration, and consequently, increased concentration capability. This article summarizes the outcomes of the ray-tracing simulations as well as the experimental results obtained within the past two years. In addition, the uniformity of the irradiance profile cast by the lens onto Multi-Junction solar cells is analyzed and compared to that of a classic Silicone on Glass (SoG) Fresnel lens used as a benchmark. The more uniform profile cast by the achromatic lens requires lower horizontal current transportation across the MJ solar cell since the photocurrent distributions for the top and middle subcells are similar. It has been experimentally shown that, although the Fill Factor (FF) of the solar cell illuminated by the SoG Fresnel lens strongly depends on the lens-to-cell distance (showing a characteristic W-shaped curve), for the ADG Fresnel lens, the FF remains high at every position. This implies a higher tolerance not only to errors in the module assembly but also to variations in the temperature of the primary lens.
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- 2017
30. Improvements in the manufacturing process of achromatic doublet on glass (ADG) Fresnel lens
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Vallerotto, Guido, primary, Victoria, Marta, additional, Askins, Stephen, additional, Antón, Ignacio, additional, and Sala, Gabriel, additional
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- 2018
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31. From component to multi-junction solar cells for spectral monitoring
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Jost, Norman, primary, Antón, Ignacio, additional, Nuñez, Rubén, additional, Askins, Stephen, additional, San José, Luis J., additional, Vallerotto, Guido, additional, Herrero, Rebeca, additional, Victoria, Marta, additional, Domínguez, César, additional, and Sala, Gabriel, additional
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- 2018
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32. Indoor Experimental Assessment of the Efficiency and Irradiance Spot of the Achromatic Doublet on Glass (ADG) Fresnel Lens for Concentrating Photovoltaics
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Vallerotto, Guido, primary, Victoria, Marta, primary, Askins, Stephen, primary, Antón, Ignacio, primary, Sala, Gabriel, primary, Herrero, Rebeca, primary, and Domínguez, César, primary
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- 2017
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33. Indoor experimental assessment of the efficiency and irradiance spot of the Achromatic Doublet on Glass (ADG) fresnel lens for concentrating photovoltaics
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Vallerotto, Guido, Victoria Pérez, Marta, Askins, Stephen, Antón Hernandez, Ignacio, Sala Pano, Gabriel, Herrero Martin, Rebeca, Domínguez Domínguez, César, Vallerotto, Guido, Victoria Pérez, Marta, Askins, Stephen, Antón Hernandez, Ignacio, Sala Pano, Gabriel, Herrero Martin, Rebeca, and Domínguez Domínguez, César
- Abstract
We present a method to characterize achromatic Fresnel lenses for photovoltaic applications. The achromatic doublet on glass (ADG) Fresnel lens is composed of two materials, a plastic and an elastomer, whose dispersion characteristics (refractive index variation with wavelength) are different. We first designed the lens geometry and then used ray-tracing simulation, based on the Monte Carlo method, to analyze its performance from the point of view of both optical efficiency and the maximum attainable concentration. Afterwards, ADG Fresnel lens prototypes were manufactured using a simple and reliable method. It consists of a prior injection of plastic parts and a consecutive lamination, together with the elastomer and a glass substrate to fabricate the parquet of ADG Fresnel lenses. The accuracy of the manufactured lens profile is examined using an optical microscope while its optical performance is evaluated using a solar simulator for concentrator photovoltaic systems. The simulator is composed of a xenon flash lamp whose emitted light is reflected by a parabolic mirror. The collimated light has a spectral distribution and an angular aperture similar to the real Sun. We were able to assess the optical performance of the ADG Fresnel lenses by taking photographs of the irradiance spot cast by the lens using a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera and measuring the photocurrent generated by several types of multi junction (MJ) solar cells, which have been previously characterized at a solar simulator for concentrator solar cells. These measurements have demonstrated the achromatic behavior of ADG Fresnel lenses and, as a consequence, the suitability of the modelling and manufacturing methods.
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- 2017
34. Experimental characterization of achromatic doublet on glass (ADG) Fresnel lenses
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Vallerotto, Guido, primary, Victoria, Marta, additional, Askins, Stephen, additional, Antón, Ignacio, additional, and Sala, Gabriel, additional
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- 2017
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35. Spectrally-resolved optical efficiency using a multi-junction cell as light sensor: Application cases
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Victoria, Marta, primary, Domínguez, César, additional, Jost, Norman, additional, Vallerotto, Guido, additional, Antón, Ignacio, additional, and Sala, Gabriel, additional
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- 2017
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36. Design and modeling of a cost-effective achromatic Fresnel lens for concentrating photovoltaics
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Vallerotto, Guido, Victoria Pérez, Marta, Askins, Stephen, Herrero Martin, Rebeca, Domínguez Domínguez, César, Antón Hernández, Ignacio, Sala Pano, Gabriel, Vallerotto, Guido, Victoria Pérez, Marta, Askins, Stephen, Herrero Martin, Rebeca, Domínguez Domínguez, César, Antón Hernández, Ignacio, and Sala Pano, Gabriel
- Abstract
This paper presents a novel Fresnel lens capable to significantly reduce chromatic aberration in solar applications. The optical performance of this achromatic lens has been analyzed through ray-tracing simulations, showing a concentration factor three times higher than that attained by a classic Silicone On Glass (SOG) Fresnel lens while maintaining the same acceptance angle. This should avoid the need for a secondary optical element, reducing the cost associated with its manufacturing and assembly and increasing the module reliability. The achromatic lens is made of inexpensive plastic and elastomer which allows a highly scalable and cost-competitive manufacturing process similar to the one currently used for the fabrication of SOG Fresnel lenses. (C)2016 Optical Society of America
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- 2016
37. A novel achromatic Fresnel lens for high concentrating photovoltaic systems
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Vallerotto, Guido, Askins, Stephen, Victoria Pérez, Marta, Antón Hernández, Ignacio, Sala Pano, Gabriel, Vallerotto, Guido, Askins, Stephen, Victoria Pérez, Marta, Antón Hernández, Ignacio, and Sala Pano, Gabriel
- Abstract
In this paper we present a novel manufacturing method to produce achromatic Fresnel lenses for photovoltaic application. These achromatic lenses are capable of reaching a concentration factor three times higher than that attained by a conventional Silicone-on-Glass (SOG) Fresnel lens. The manufacturing method presented to fabricate the achromatic lens, which we refer to as Achromatic Doublet on Glass (ADG) Fresnel lens, is simple, cost-effective and highly scalable. A comprehensive ray-tracing analysis and its comparison with experimental results is presented in this work.
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- 2016
38. Design and modeling of a cost-effective achromatic Fresnel lens for concentrating photovoltaics
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Vallerotto, Guido, primary, Victoria, Marta, additional, Askins, Stephen, additional, Herrero, Rebeca, additional, Domínguez, César, additional, Antón, Ignacio, additional, and Sala, Gabriel, additional
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- 2016
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39. A manufacturable achromatic fresnel lens for CPV
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Askins, Stephen, primary, Vallerotto, Guido, additional, Victoria, Marta, additional, Herrero, Rebeca, additional, Dominguez, Cesar, additional, Anton, Ignacio, additional, and Sala, Gabriel, additional
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- 2016
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40. A novel achromatic Fresnel lens for high concentrating photovoltaic systems
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Vallerotto, Guido, primary, Askins, Stephen, additional, Victoria, Marta, additional, Antón, Ignacio, additional, and Sala, Gabriel, additional
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- 2016
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41. Achromatic Doublet on Glass Fresnel lenses for Concentrator Photovoltaic Systems
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Vallerotto, Guido, primary
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42. Industrialization of hybrid Si/III-V and translucent planar micro-tracking modules
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Nardin, Gael, Dominguez, Cesar, Aguilar, Alvaro Fernando, Anglade, Laetitia, Duchemin, Mathilde, Schuppisser, David, Gerlich, Florian, Ackermann, Mathieu, Coulot, Laurent, Cuenod, Blaise, Petri, Delphine, Niquille, Xavier, Badel, Nicolas, Lachowicz, Agata, Despeisse, Matthieu, Levrat, Jacques, Ballif, Christophe, Askins, Stephen, Nunez, Ruben, Jost, Norman, Vallerotto, Guido, and Anton, Ignacio
- Subjects
integration ,v concentrator ,static concentrator ,agrophotovoltaics ,tracking‐ ,bifacial silicon ,lenses ,bifacial modules ,integrated concentrator ,hybrid pv module ,concentrator ,agrivoltaics ,iii– ,conversion ,performance ,micro‐ - Abstract
A tracking-integrated hybrid micro-concentrator module is presented that can harvest direct, diffuse, and albedo irradiance components. It uses biconvex 180x lens arrays to concentrate direct light on high-efficiency III-V solar cells (29% module efficiency has been demonstrated outdoors on direct sunlight at Concentrator Standard Test Conditions) and a planar micro-tracking mechanism to allow installation in static frames. Two architectures have been developed to harvest diffuse irradiance: (1) a hybrid architecture where the backplane is covered with monofacial or bifacial Si cells; (2) a translucent architecture where diffuse light is transmitted through the module for dual-land-use applications, such as agrivoltaics. Simulations show that the hybrid architecture provides an excess of yearly energy production compared to 20% efficiency flat-plate photovoltaic (PV) module in all locations studied, including those with a low direct normal irradiance (DNI) content, and up to 38% advantage in high-DNI locations. The use of bifacial heterojunction and interdigitated back-contact Si cells has been explored for the glass-Si-glass backplane laminate to harvest albedo light. Bifacial gains modeled can boost energy yield by about 30% in the best scenario. We discuss the perspectives of the translucent modules for dual-land-use applications as well, such as integration in greenhouses for agriculture-integrated PV (agrivoltaics). This architecture can provide up to 47% excess electricity compared to a spaced reference Si array that transmits the same amount of solar photosynthetically active radiation for crop production. The HIPERION consortium funded by the European H2020 program is making an intensive effort to take this technology to the industrial scale.
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