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42 p.; La priorité scientifique et technique "Maîtrise des Risques" du programme de recherche 2010-2013 du CSTB avait pour ambition de contribuer à éviter les victimes en protégeant les personnes présentes dans le bâti, de limiter les dommages économiques en protégeant les biens et d'assurer la résilience tant technique qu'humaine. Les travaux portaient sur les risques naturels et anthropiques (incendie, vent, séisme, canicule...) et étaient organisés en quatre projets de recherche. Ce rapport présente le contexte de la recherche et les résultats obtenus entre 2010 et 2013. // The objective of the research priority "Risk Mitigation" of CSTB 2010-2013 research program of CSTB was, in case of a disaster, to avoid death by protecting people in buildings, to reduce economic losses by protecting goods and to support human and technical resiliency. The research carried out covered natural hazard (wind, seism, heatwave, flood...) and fire risk. The program was divided into four projects. This report summarizes the context of the research and the results obtained between 2010 and 2013.

40 p.; Prévenir le risque incendie en l'évaluant à priori et en diminuer les conséquences en cas de départ de feu sont les objectifs qui ont guidé ce projet de recherche au cours du cycle 2010-2013. Les travaux réalisés portaient à la fois sur une évaluation globale du niveau de sécurité incendie d'un bâtiment, mais également sur l'amélioration des outils numériques et sur une meilleure compréhension du comportement au feu des matériaux et des structure. // This project had two goals during the period 2010-2013: prevent the risk of a fire in a building and mitigate its consequences. The research focused on one hand on the evaluation of the global fire safety level of a building, on the other hand of the improvement of the numerical simulation and also on a better understanding of the behavior of structures and material under fire.

Le développement d'outils numériques, indispensables pour gérer la complexité grandissante des modes constructifs, nécessite de pouvoir quantifier la précision des résultats obtenus par une approche purement numérique ou combinant essais et calculs. Dans ce contexte, la confiance en la modélisation des phénomènes est un point important, mais il n'est pas le seul car un certain nombre d'incertitudes existent. Ainsi, l'objectif de cette action support à la priorité scientifique et technique "Simulation et outils numériques" du programme de recherche 2010-2013 du CSTB, était la mise en œuvre des outils nécessaires à la qualification de la précision associée à un résultat d'évaluation lorsque celui-ci est obtenu par une approche purement calculatoire ou combinant essais et calculs. // With the increasing use of numerical simulation that is needed to handle the increasing complexity of buildings, one needs to quantify the accuracy of the results. The confidence in these results comes first from the validity of the used models but not only. Indeed a certain number of uncertainties exist. Therefore, the aim of the action was to evaluate the precision of the result that are obtained only by numerical simulation or by the combination of simulation and experiments, and, if necessary, to improve this result.

In this work we created a numerical model of the ISO 13785-2 test setup for testing the fire behaviour of building facade systems, and used the model to simulate the thermal environment on the facade. The model, created using Fire Dynamics Simulator -software, was first validated using the experimental data by Yoshioka et al.(2012). Next, the sensitivity of the facade heat fluxes on the geometrical and model parameters was studied, revealing for instance that the size of the combustion chamber window will influence the thermal exposure high above the window. Finally, the model was used to estimate the thickness of non-combustible insulation layer that is needed to protect combustible materials from melting or decomposition. © Owned by the authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2016 Language: en

Fires outside school buildings caused by arson are a major problem in Sweden. The initial fire source can involve rubbish or other types of combustibles that can be found at or sometimes brought to the school. As the external fire develops the flames will extend along the façade. If the building is a one-story building, which is a common construction in Swedish school buildings, the fire can spread to the attic and further on to the rest of the building. A large research project was initiated in 2008 by the Swedish Fire Research Board in order to reduce the number and consequences of arson fires in school buildings. In this paper an evaluation of some technical systems that can be used to mitigate consequences of exterior fires is presented. The evaluation includes a literature review, experimental studies and a cost-benefit analysis. The study showed that some systems have clear cost-benefit advantages for the protection of school buildings in places where a high fire frequency can be expected.

Effect of EPS ETICS system on fire safety has been studied by using fire safety engineering methods for residential multi-storey buildings up to eight floors. The probabilities of fire spread to apartments above the room-of-fire-origin were assessed by calculating heat exposures and consequences caused by the external flaming both for the EPS ETICS facade and for facade made of at least A2-s1, d0 materials. Concerning consequences for life safety, the fire death probability for EPS ETICS system was found to be within tolerable limits of F-N-curve which illustrates the probability of an event and consequences in terms of number of deaths.Special concern should be paid to fire safety during installation phase when EPS is unprotected without reinforced rendering.