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Diagnostic classification systems categorise mental psychopathology in mental disorders. Although these entities are clinical constructs developed by consensus, it has been pointed out that in practice they are usually managed as natural entities and without evaluating aspects related to their nosological construction. The objectives of the study are to review a) the conceptualisation of mental disorders, b) the indicators of validity, reliability and clinical utility, and c) the values of these indicators in ICD-11 schizophrenia. The results show that mental disorders are conceptualised as discrete entities, like the diseases of other areas of medicine; however, differences are observed between these diagnostic categories in clinical practice. The reliability and clinical utility of mental disorders are adequate; however, the validity is not yet clarified. Similarly, ICD-11 schizophrenia demonstrates adequate reliability and clinical utility, but its validity remains uncertain. The conceptualisation of psychopathology in discrete entities may be inadequate for its study, therefore dimensional and mixed models have been proposed. The indicators of validity, reliability and clinical utility enable us to obtain an accurate view of the nosological state of mental disorders when evaluating different aspects of their nosological construction.

Exposure to complex trauma is a prevalent and costly public health concern. Though not yet included in the formal diagnostic systems, developmental trauma disorder (DTD) was proposed to capture the consistent and predictable emotional, behavioral, and neurobiological sequelae observed in children exposed to complex trauma. This systematic review synthesizes and evaluates the existing empirical evidence for DTD as a reliable, valid, distinctive, and clinically useful construct. We identified 21 articles reporting on 17 non-overlapping samples that evaluated DTD symptom criteria using objective, empirical methods (e.g., factor analysis, associations with other diagnostic constructs, associations with trauma exposure type, clinician ratings of utility). Studies were largely supportive of the DTD construct and its clinical utility; however, it will be crucial for this work to be replicated in larger samples, by independent research groups, and with more rigorous methodological and analytic approaches before definitive conclusions can be drawn. Findings from this review, while preliminary, provide a promising empirical foundation for DTD and bring the field closer to improving diagnostic parsimony for children and adolescents affected by complex trauma.

Purpose: Creativity and technology are essential components of education and the future around the world. Developing students' creative thinking skills and their relationship with technology is among the main objectives of both 21st century skills and education. This study, which is based on the relationship between digital technologies and artistic creativity, aims to develop an analytical rubric to evaluate 11th grade students' artistic creativity that emerges with their use of mobile design applications.Design & Methodology: This research is a descriptive research aiming to develop an analytical rubric with high validity, reliability and usefulness to evaluate the effect of mobile design applications on artistic creativity.Findings: There are five criteria in the analytical rubric developed to evaluate the effect of mobile design applications on artistic creativity. Expert opinion was sought in determining the content validity of the developed analytical rubric, and principal component analysis was used in determining the construct validity. In classical test theory, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated for internal consistency, and Kendall's coefficient of concordance (W) was calculated for inter-rater reliability, and in generalizability (G) theory, G and Phi coefficients were calculated. Fully crossed design was preferred in G theory analyzes. The findings obtained show that the developed analytical rubric gives reliable results in evaluating the artistic creativity of the students.Implications & Suggestions: An analytical rubric was developed to evaluate the 11th grade students' artistic creativity that emerge through the designs made with mobile design applications and the validity and reliability proofs of the rubric were revealed. As a result of the analysis, it was concluded that the developed Creativity Level Analytical Rubric (CLAR) is a reliable and valid measurement tool. It is recommended to increase the number of studies to develop tools that can evaluate artistic creativity and the relationship between creativity and technology at all levels of education., Bu araştırmanın amacı, ortaöğretim düzeyindeki öğrencilerin sanat eğitiminde mobil tasarım uygulamalarıyla yaratıcılıklarını değerlendirmek üzere analitik dereceli puanlama anahtarı (DPA/rubric) geliştirilmesi, geçerlik ve güvenirlik kanıtlarının sunulmasıdır. Bu amacı gerçekleştirmek için Ankara’da bir devlet okulunda öğrenim gören 38 öğrenciden toplanan veriler görsel sanatlar alanında 3 uzman öğretmen tarafından değerlendirilmiştir. Yaratıcılık düzeyi analitik dereceli puanlama anahtarının (YDADPA) geçerlik kanıtı için iki alan ve bir ölçme ve değerlendirme uzmanın ölçüt ve tanımlamalara ilişkin görüşleri arasındaki uyuma bakılmıştır. Buna göre ilk turda %70 olan uyumun düzeltmelerden sonraki ikinci turda %100 olduğu görülmüştür. Puanlayıcılar arası güvenirlik için Kendall W uyuşum katsayısı ve genellenebilirlik katsayıları hesaplanmıştır. Her iki analiz sonucunda birbirine paralel bulgular ortaya konularak puanlayıcılar arasında yüksek düzeyde tutarlılık olduğu bulgulanmıştır. Sonuç olarak ortaöğretim görsel sanatlar derslerinde mobil tasarım uygulamalarının öğrencilerin sanatsal yaratıcılığına etkisini değerlendirmede kullanılabilecek alternatif bir ölçme aracı (YDADPA) ortaya konulmuştur.

Brosnan, RJ, Watson, G, Stuart, W, Twentyman, C, Kitic, CM, and Schmidt, M. The validity, reliability, and agreement of GPS units-Can we compare research and applied data?. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2021-This study's aim was to investigate the validity, within-brand interunit reliability, and between-brand agreement of movement indicators from 3 commonly used global positioning system (GPS) units used in applied and research settings. Forty-two units (GPSports EVO; 10 Hz, n = 13: GPSports HPU; 5 Hz, n = 14: and Catapult S5; 10 Hz, n = 15) were investigated across 3 experiments: a 40-m linear track with all units pushed on a trolley, a sport simulation circuit with all units pulled on a sled, and a similar circuit with 3 models of units placed in a modified GPS vest worn by an athlete between the scapulae. Distance, speed, and acceleration indices were obtained and analyzed with the level of significance set (ρ < 0.05). The results demonstrated good to moderate (% mean difference; 0-6.5%) validity with criterion and good (coefficient of variation [CV] ± 90% confidence interval [CI]: 0-3.9%) interunit reliability for distance and speed in units. Ten hertz units demonstrated good to moderate (CV ± 90% CI: 0.21-5.58%) interunit reliability in all acceleration and deceleration measures, with 5 Hz units having good to poor (CV ± 90% CI: 4.54-12.78%) results. Agreement ranged from good to moderate (% mean difference; 0.01-7.8%) for distance, speed, and absolute acceleration/deceleration. Agreement ranged from good to poor (% mean difference; 2.21-32.74%) in average acceleration. The GPS units investigated can be compared within and between applied and research settings for distance and speed. However, caution is warranted in acceleration indices. This highlights the importance of testing other commonly used GPS models and brands.

Due to a lack of a validated Dutch version of the Hip Outcome Score (HOS) considering functional outcome after hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome, we validated the Dutch version of the HOS (HOS-NL) in patients with femoroacetabular impingement syndrome for reliability, internal consistency, construct- and content validity. Furthermore, the smallest detectable change (SDC) and minimal clinically important difference (MCID) were determined. All consecutive patients scheduled for an arthroscopic procedure for FAIS were selected. Five questionnaires covering groin and hip pain were filled in at three moments in time (two pre-operatively with a maximum two-week interval and 6 months postoperatively). Main endpoints were reliability (test re-test, SDC), internal consistency (Cronbach alpha), construct validity (construct validity was considered sufficient if a least 75% of a-priori made hypotheses were confirmed), content validity (floor and ceiling effects) and responsiveness (MCID). The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0.86 for the HOS ADL-NL and 0.81 for the HOS Sports-NL. SDC for the HOS ADL-NL was 21 and for the HOS Sports-NL 29 Cronbach alpha score was 0.882 for HOS ADL-NL and 0.792 for HOS Sports-NL. Construct validity was considered sufficient since 91% of the hypotheses were confirmed. No floor effects were determined. A small ceiling effect was determined for the HOS AD-NL postoperatively. The MCID for HOS ADL-NL and HOS Sports-NL were 14 and 11.0, respectively. The HOS-NL is a reliable and valid patient reported outcome measure for measuring physical function and outcome in active and young patients with femoroacetabular impingement syndrome.

Biology learning, based on the curriculum-2013, requires students to be skilled at analyzing, evaluating, and creating to achieve Higher-Order Thinking Skills (HOTS). Thus, HOTS assessment instrument is crucial to be made. This study aimed to produce HOTS assessment instrument focused on circulatory system materials for XI graders. This research was conducted by using Research and Development (R&D) method with 4-D model. The subjects of this study were: two biology lecturers from Faculty of Mathematics and Science of Universitas Negeri Padang, two biology teachers, and 33 XI graders of Public Senior High School 1 Nan Sabaris. The data were collected using questionnaires which were validated by experts and analyzed using ANATES 4.09. The validity results reached as high as 87.54% (very valid) in which the empirical validity value was 88%. Meanwhile, the instrument was stated as very reliable (0.78), has a moderate difficulty, good differentiating power, and excellent option quality. Thus, as the recommendation, this instrument can be used to foster students’ HOTS.

Background: The International Hip Outcome Tool–33 (iHOT-33) was developed to evaluate patients seeking surgery for hip and/or groin (hip/groin) pain and may not be appropriate for those seeking nonsurgical treatment. Purpose: To evaluate the psychometric properties of the iHOT-33 total (iHOT-Total) score and all subscale scores in adults with hip/groin pain who were not seeking surgery. Study Design: Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Patients with hip/groin pain who were not seeking surgery were recruited from 2 ongoing studies in Australia. Semistructured one-on-one interviews assessed content validity. Construct validity was assessed by testing hypothesized correlations between iHOT-33 and Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) subscale scores. Test-retest reliability was assessed in patients not undertaking treatment and who reported “no change” in their Global Rating of Change (GROC) score at 6-month follow-up. Scores were reliable at group and individual levels if intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were ≥0.80 and ≥0.90, respectively. Scores were responsive if Spearman rank correlations (ρ) between the change in the iHOT-33 score and the GROC score were ≥0.40. Results: In total, 278 patients with hip/groin pain (93 women; mean age, 31 years) and 55 pain-free control participants (14 women; mean age, 29 years) were recruited. The iHOT-33 demonstrated acceptable content validity. Construct validity was acceptable, with all hypothesized strong positive correlations between iHOT-33 and HAGOS subscale scores confirmed ( r range, 0.60-0.76; P < .001), except for one correlation between the iHOT-Sport and HAGOS-Sport ( r = .058; P < .001). All scores were reliable at the group level, except for the iHOT-33 job subscale (iHOT-Job) (ICC range, 0.78-0.88 [95% CI, 0.60-0.93]). None of the subscales met the criteria for adequate reliability for use at the individual level (all ICCs Conclusion: All iHOT-33 subscale scores were valid for use in patients with hip/groin pain who were not seeking surgery. Acceptable test-retest reliability was found for all subscale scores at the group level, except the iHOT-Job. All subscale scores, excluding the iHOT-Job, were responsive, regardless of undertaking physical therapist–led treatment or no treatment.

Valid and reliable measurements of teaching quality facilitate school-level decision-making and policies pertaining to teachers. Using nearly 1,000 word-to-word transcriptions of fourth- and fifth-grade English language arts classes, we apply novel text-as-data methods to develop automated measures of teaching to complement classroom observations traditionally done by human raters. This approach is free of rater bias and enables the detection of three instructional factors that are well aligned with commonly used observation protocols: classroom management, interactive instruction, and teacher-centered instruction. The teacher-centered instruction factor is a consistent negative predictor of value-added scores, even after controlling for teachers’ average classroom observation scores. The interactive instruction factor predicts positive value-added scores. Our results suggest that the text-as-data approach has the potential to enhance existing classroom observation systems through collecting far more data on teaching with a lower cost, higher speed, and the detection of multifaceted classroom practices.

Four-parameter models have received increasing psychometric attention in recent years, as a reduced upper asymptote for item characteristic curves can be appealing for measurement applications such as adaptive testing and person-fit assessment. However, applications can be challenging due to the large number of parameters in the model. In this article, we demonstrate in the context of mathematics assessments how the slip and guess parameters of a four-parameter model may often be empirically related. This observation also has a psychological explanation to the extent that both asymptote parameters may be manifestations of a single item complexity characteristic. The relationship between lower and upper asymptotes motivates the consideration of an asymmetric item response theory model as a three-parameter alternative to the four-parameter model. Using actual response data from mathematics multiple-choice tests, we demonstrate the empirical superiority of a three-parameter asymmetric model in several standardized tests of mathematics. To the extent that a model of asymmetry ultimately portrays slips and guesses not as purely random but rather as proficiency-related phenomena, we argue that the asymmetric approach may also have greater psychological plausibility.

Objective: Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE) is a specific tool for the assessment of wrist function and has been validated and translated into many languages. This study aimed to translate the PRWE into the Thai language and to evaluate its validity, reliability, and responsiveness in operatively treated distal radius fracture patients. Materials and Methods: PRWE was translated into the Thai language according to a linguistic validation protocol by a forward–backward translation process. In total, 53 distal radius fracture patients who underwent volar locking plate fixation were included in the present study. However, 8 patients were excluded due to multiple injuries, leaving 45 patients who were prospectively enrolled and evaluated with the Thai version of the PRWE (Th-PRWE) and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire within 2 weeks of their surgery. Reliability of the Th-PRWE was assessed by the test–retest reliability and internal consistency. The content, concurrent, and criterion validity of the Th-PRWE were measured. At 3 months after the operation, patients were re-assessed with Th-PRWE and DASH. The standardized response mean (SRM) and effect size (ES) were assessed to identify the responsiveness to a change of the tool. Results: Most of the patients were female (64%) with average age of 55 years old and had sustained distal radius fractures. The intraclass correlation for the test–retest reliability of the Th-PRWE was 0.9. The internal consistency of the Th-PRWE was acceptable (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.93). Th-PRWE had a high content validity (Item-objective congruence index = 0.8) and excellent correlation with DASH (Spearman’s rank correlation = 0.81; p < 0.001). Its responsiveness was also considered excellent (SRM = 1.12, ES = 1.28). Conclusion: Th-PRWE is valid, reliable, and responsive for the evaluation of distal radius fracture patients.

A fundamental aspect of classification systems in Paralympic sport is having valid and reliable measures of impairment. However, minimal consensus exists for assessing impaired strength, coordination and range of motion. This review aimed to systematically identify measures of upper body strength, coordination and range of motion impairments that meet the requirements for use in evidence-based classification systems in wheelchair sports. Three electronic databases were searched from 2003 until 31 August 2019 for studies that assessed upper body function of participants and used a measurement tool that assessed strength, coordination or range of motion. The body of evidence for each identified measure was appraised using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation framework. Twenty-three studies were included: ten measured strength and coordination, and six measured range of motion. There was "moderate" confidence in using isometric strength for assessing strength impairment. Tapping tasks for the assessment of coordination impairment received a "low" confidence rating. All other identified measures of coordination and range of motion impairment received a "very low" confidence rating. Several potential measures were identified for assessing upper body strength, coordination and range of motion impairments. Further research is warranted to investigate their use for classification in Paralympic wheelchair sports.

work still needs to be done to measure the impact of sialorrhea on quality of life and define the efficacy of different therapies. The Drooling Impact Scale showed good validity and sensitivity to change, especially after botulinum toxin injection. The aim of this study is to present its French translation and to explore its validity, reliability and responsiveness to change in a group of children with Cerebral Palsy.multicentre study at six rehabilitation centres in France. Children with Cerebral Palsy aged 4-18 years with sialorrhea problems were included (The French Drooling Impact Scale total score at inclusion was meanly 53.9 (Standard Deviation 11.9) in the stable control group and 66.0 (16.1) in the intervention group (the French Drooling Impact Scale has shown sufficient clinometric properties to be used now by clinicians or researchers.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONThe Drooling Impact scale has now its French version.The French version of the Drooling Impact Scale has shown its validity and a good test-retest reliability.The responsiveness to change was explored in a group of children undergoing saliva-control interventions and the scale was able to show a big change.The authors recommend to use this questionnaire in a semi-directed interview conducted by a health professional.

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the psychometric properties, measurement invariance and mean differences in relation to the genders and age categories of the 6-item PIUQ-SF in a non-c...

The purpose of this study is to evaluate validity, reliability and reproducibility of tooth width (TW), arch length (AL) and arch length discrepancy (ALD) measured on a digital model taken via 3-dimensional model scanner and intraoral scanner compared to a plaster model.A total of 30 patients aged 12 to 18 were eligible for the study. 3 types of models were acquired from each patient: a conventional plaster model (P), a model scanned digital model (MSD) taken via Freedom UHD® and an intraoral scanned digital model (ISD) taken via CS3600® in-vivo. The reliability of TW and AL in each group was evaluated using Pearson’s correlation coefficient, while the reproducibility was evaluated with intraclass correlation coefficient. The validity of space analysis was assessed by paired t-test.As a result, all measurements of P, MSD and ISD groups showed favorable reliability and reproducibility. Most of measurements for space analysis in MSD group and TW in ISD group also presented high validity. AL and ALD presented statistically significant difference between P and ISD group. The validity of measurements of space analysis in ISD group was short in doubt to valid, but clinically acceptable. Both MSD and ISD are clinically acceptable to use for space analysis but clinician should be aware that errors can be found using a digital model.

Papay (2011) noticed that teacher value-added measures (VAMs) from a statistical model using the most common pre/post testing timeframe–current-year spring relative to previous spring (SS)–are essentially unrelated to those same teachers’ VAMs when instead using next-fall relative to current-fall (FF). This is concerning since this choice–made solely as an artifact of the timing of statewide testing–produces an entirely different ranking of teachers’ effectiveness. Since subsequent studies (grades K/1) have not replicated these findings, we revisit and extend Papay’s analyses in another Grade 3–8 setting. We find similarly low correlations (.13–.15) that persist across value-added specifications. We delineate and apply a literature-based framework for considering the role of summer learning loss in producing these low correlations.

Little is known about the nutritional knowledge of children in Kuwait and school-based nutrition interventions are scarce. No validated tool to assess the nutrition knowledge of schoolchildren in Kuwait is available.This study determined the validity and reliability of a nutrition knowledge questionnaire in Kuwaiti primary-school children, and measured children's nutrition knowledge before and after a nutrition awareness intervention.The questionnaire included five questions to measure nutritional knowledge. The face and content validity were assessed by nutrition and paediatric experts. To assess questionnaire reliability and nutrition knowledge, 642 schoolchildren (8-12 years) were assigned to an intervention, control or reliability group. Each group completed the questionnaire twice, one or two weeks apart. Students in the intervention group attended a nutrition knowledge presentation before completing the questionnaire the second time. Independent and paired samples t-tests were used to assess score differences between and within the intervention and control groups for changes in nutrition knowledge. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to measure score consistency in the reliability group.Overall, the questionnaire had good content validity and moderate to strong reliability (r = 0.44, P0.001). Students in the intervention group had significantly higher mean nutritional knowledge scores after the intervention (from 3.65 (SD 1.03) to 4.20 (SD 1.02); P = 0.17). Control group scores were mostly unchanged.The Kuwait child nutrition knowledge questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool to assess nutritional knowledge in schoolchildren in Kuwait. Nutrition knowledge of Kuwaiti schoolchildren should be improved using age-appropriate interventions in school.صحة وموثوقية واستخدام استبيان تقييم المعرفة الغذائية للأطفال في الكويت.نادين إبراهيم، ديمة القائد، فاطمة إسماعيل، رلى بركه.لا يتوافر قدر كبير من المعلومات حول مستوى المعرفة التغذوية لدى الأطفال في الكويت والتدخلات التغذوية المدرسية اللازم القيام بها. كما لا تتوافر أداة مُازة لتقييم المعلومات التغذوية لدى أطفال المدارس في الكويت.هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى تحديد موثوقية وعيارية استبيان المعلومات التغذوية لدى أطفال المدراس الابتدائية في الكويت، وقاست المعرفة التغذوية لدى الأطفال قبل القيام بتدخل لرفع الوعي التغذوي وبعد القيام به.اشتمل الاستبيان على خمسة أسئلة لقياس المعلومات التغذوية. وقام خبراء في التغذية والأطفال بتقييم الصحة الظاهرية للاستبيان وصحة محتواه. ولتقييم عيارية الاستبيان والمعرفة التغذوية، وُزِّع 642 طفلا من أطفال المدارس (تتراوح أعمارهم بين 8 سنوات و 12 سنة) على مجموعة التدخل، أو المجموعة الضابطة، أو مجموعة العيارية. واستكملت كل مجموعة الاستبيان مرتين، يفصل بين كل منهما أسبوع أو أسبوعان. وحضر الطلبة في مجموعة التدخل محاضرة حول التوعية التغذوية قبل استكمال الاستبيان للمرة الثانية. واستُخدمت اختبارات لعينات مستقلة وعينات مزدوجة لتقييم الفروق في الدرجات بين مجموعة التدخل والمجموعة الضابطة وداخل كل منهما لبيان التغيرات التي طرأت على المعرفة التغذوية. واستُخدمت معاملات ترابط "بيرسون" لقياس اتساق الدرجات في مجموعة العيارية.بصورة عامة، تضمن الاستبيان موثوقية جيدة من حيث المحتوى وعيارية تتراوح بين متوسطة إلى قوية (0.001p ;0.44 = r)،. حقق الطلبة في مجموعة التدخل درجات أعلى بكثير في المعرفة التغذوية بعد إجراء التدخل من 3.65 (بانحراف معياري 1.03) إلى 4.20 (بانحراف معياري 1.02)؛ (0.05p)، وكانت درجات المجموعة الضابطة في معظمها ثابتة لم تتغير.يعد استبيان المعرفة التغذوية لدى الأطفال في الكويت وسيلة موثوقة وعيارية لقياس المعلومات التغذوية لدى أطفال المدارس في الكويت. ينبغي تحسين المعرفة التغذوية لدى أطفال المدارس في الكويت باستخدام التدخلات الملائمة للسنّ في المدرسة.Validité, fiabilité et utilité d’un questionnaire d’évaluation des connaissances des enfants en matière de nutrition au Koweït.Peu d’informations sont disponibles sur les connaissances des enfants koweïtiens en matière de nutrition, et les interventions d’éducation nutritionnelle dans les écoles sont rares. Aucun outil validé permettant d’évaluer les connaissances des écoliers koweïtiens à cet égard n’est disponible.La présente étude visait à déterminer la validité et la fiabilité d’un questionnaire d’évaluation des connaissances en matière de nutrition auprès d’écoliers du cycle primaire au Koweït, et à mesurer les connaissances des enfants à cet égard avant et après une intervention de connaissance nutritionnelle.Le questionnaire comportait cinq questions visant à évaluer le niveau de connaissance nutritionnelle. La validité apparente et de contenu du questionnaire a été évaluée par des experts en pédiatrie et en nutrition. Afin de mesurer la fiabilité du questionnaire et le niveau de connaissance en matière de nutrition, 642 écoliers (âgés de 8 à 12 ans) ont été répartis en trois groupes : un groupe d’intervention, un groupe témoin et un groupe servant à garantir la fiabilité. Chaque groupe a répondu deux fois au questionnaire, à une ou deux semaines d’intervalle. Les écoliers du groupe d’intervention ont assisté à une présentation sur la nutrition avant de répondre une deuxième fois au questionnaire. Des tests t d’échantillons appariés et indépendants ont été utilisés pour évaluer les différences de scores entre le groupe d’intervention et le groupe témoin et au sein de ces deux groupes dans le but d’interpréter l’évolution des connaissances nutritionnelles. Les coefficients de corrélation de Pearson ont été utilisés pour mesurer la cohérence des scores dans le groupe de fiabilité.Globalement, le questionnaire présentait une bonne validité de contenu et une fiabilité moyenne à élevée (r = 0,44, p0,001). Les écoliers du groupe d’intervention avaient des scores de connaissance nutritionnelle beaucoup plus élevés suite à l’intervention (passant de 3,65 (E.T. 1,03) à 4,20 (E.T. 1,02) ; p = 0,17). Les scores du groupe témoin étaient en grande partie restés inchangés.Le questionnaire d’évaluation des connaissances des enfants koweïtiens en matière de nutrition constitue un outil valide et fiable pour mesurer le niveau de connaissance nutritionnelle des écoliers au Koweït. Des interventions adaptées à l’âge devraient être organisées dans les écoles afin d’améliorer le niveau de connaissance des écoliers koweïtiens en matière de nutrition.

Background A wide range of patient-reported outcome measures have been developed to assess the impact of foot and ankle pathology on patients’ function. In this study, Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire (MOXFQ), Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM), and Revised-Foot Function Index (R-FFI) scores were assessed independently of their developers for validity, reliability, item bias, acceptability, and feasibility. Methods We prospectively recruited 100 consecutive patients with a range of foot and ankle disorders over a 6-month period. Patients completed a set of 3 questionnaires at initial consultation. Patients were subsequently sent questionnaires in a random order with a prepaid envelope and asked to complete them with 2 to 14 days. To assess feasibility in routine clinical practice, the time taken to complete questionnaires was evaluated in a cohort of 65 patients. Results The mean age of patients was 51.7 years (range 20 to 85). The majority were females (64 of 96). The internal consistency of all 3 questionnaires was high, suggesting good intercorrelation among the items of each questionnaire. The questionnaires were reproducible and valid. There was strong correlation between the total scores of all 3 questionnaires. There was no item bias on the overall scores by the assumed independent variables such as age, sex, site, and pathology. Form completion rates were 98% for MOXFQ, 89% for FAAM, and 75% for FFI. MOXFQ was the easiest to understand and complete. No significant difference was found in the time taken to complete each questionnaire. Conclusion All 3 scores correlate with the level of function and have very good reproducibility. For routine use, the MOXFQ has good practical properties of patient acceptability, high item response rate, and ease of completion.

While aggressive behavior is common, and a disorder of impulsive aggression has been defined in the DSM-5 (Intermittent Explosive Disorder: IED), there are no currently FDA approved interventions to reduce these behaviors. One obstacle to the development of interventions to treat aggression is the paucity of psychometrically valid measures to assess aggressive behavior in the context of clinical trials, especially those in the outpatients setting. While there are many assessment of trait aggression, very few attempt to assess current aggressive behavior over time and/or in individuals not in a closed setting. The Overt Aggression Scale Modified (OAS-M) was developed to fill this void and this paper reviews its development along with presenting new data on its validity, reliability, and correlates with related constructs. Overall, the OAS-M is a valid and reliable measure of state (e.g., week to week) aggression, has good psychometric properties, and shows evidence of change in clinical trials of agents with putative anti-aggressive efficacy.

BackgroundBig-Five personality traits are related to a variety of quality of life outcomes; therefore, they should arguably be controlled for whenever health and well-being are investigated. Valid and reliable short measures of these constructs may enable large scale epidemiological studies. Stress is a well-recognized risk factor for a host of health-related outcomes and its relationship with Big-Five personality is well-evidenced. The aim of this re-search was to investigate psychometric properties of the Polish version of the Mini-IPIP scale measuring Big Five personality factors. This included measurement invariance between genders and between two samples representing different stages of life – an employee sample and an adolescent sample – and investigating the relationships of Big Five personality traits with perceived stress.Participants and procedureSample 1 comprised 723 employees from a wide range of professions and sample 2 comprised 765 high school students. The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-4) was used in each sample.ResultsThe Mini-IPIP had an acceptable fit and reliability in both samples and showed measurement invariance be-tween samples and between genders within the samples. Big Five personality traits explained the variance in perceived stress similarly in both samples, and analogously to previous studies.ConclusionsThe present study shows that the Polish version is a valid and reliable psychometric tool and provides evidence that the relationship between personality and stress is relatively stable at different life stages, and can be effec-tively investigated with short measures.

Objectives: Due to their anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects, topical corticosteroids (TCs) are commonly used for the treatment of patients with oral lichen planus (OLP) with an erosive or ulcerative component. It has been suggested that many of these patients may suffer from fear or anxiety as a result of prolonged treatment with TCs. The objective of this study was twofold: (1) to optimise a patient reported outcome measure (PROM) in order to explore this feature, and (2) to evaluate this PROM in the treatment of OLP patients.Methods: A group of qualitative researchers adapted the TOPICOP questionnaire in order for it to be used as a PROM for OLP via structural equation modelling (SEM) and internal consistency (IC) analysis. Consequently, 34 patients with symptomatic OLP who were undergoing treatment with TCs completed a questionnaire and underwent a clinical assessment.Results: SEM presented an adequate fit (RMSA = 0.07, CFI = 0.94 and WRMR = 1.18), as well as a high IC (α = 0.81). A total of 16 patients (47.1%) reported TCs phobia. The receiver operating characteristic analysis (ROC) revealed that a TOPICOP value ≥50% predicted the presence of TCs phobia with a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 100%.Conclusions: The optimised TOPICOP scale proved valuable as a PROM in OLP. TCs phobia can be a real consideration in OLP, nonetheless, it does not appear to be an impediment to treatment adherence.

Validity, reliability, and fairness are three prominent indicators for evaluating the quality of assessment processes. Each of the indicators is most often written about and applied in the context of large-scale assessment. As a result, the technical properties of these indicators make them limited in both their practicality and relevance for classroom assessments. The purpose of this article is to describe validity, reliability, and fairness in a way that is meaningful and applicable toward improving the quality of classroom music assessments.

Bu araştırma; Birey Merkezli Perioperatif Hemşirelik Ölçeği’ni Türkçe geçerlilik ve güvenilirliğini test etmek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Metodolojik tipte gerçekleştirilen araştırma, İstanbul ilinde bulunan dört kamu hastanesinin ameliyathane ünitesinde Ekim 2021-Kasım 2021 tarihleri arasında yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın çalışma evreninden olasılıksız rastlantısal örneklem yöntemiyle seçilmiş ve dahil edilme kriterlerini karşılayan 256 ameliyathane hemşiresine ulaşılmıştır. Veriler, ‘Hemşire Sosyodemografik ve Mesleki Tanıtım Formu’ ve ‘Birey Merkezli Perioperatif Hemşirelik Ölçeği’ kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Geçerlilik analizinde kapsam, yüzey ve yapı geçerliliği; güvenirlik analizinde madde analizi, iki yarıya bölme, Cronbach alpha ve Omega katsayıları kullanılmıştır. Ölçeğin çeviri-geri çeviri yöntemi kullanılarak dil uyarlaması sağlanmıştır. Kapsam Geçerlilik İndeksi 0.97 bulunmuştur. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin değeri 0.85; Bartlett’s değeri x2=2062.99, p, This study was conducted to test Turkish validity and reliability of Person Centered Perioperative Nursing Scale. The study in methodological type was carried out in operating room unit of four public hospitals in Istanbul between October-November 2021. 256 operating room nurses who were selected from study population using non-probability random sampling method and met the inclusion criteria were reached. Data were collected using ‘Nurse Sociodemographic and Professional Introduction Form’ and ‘Person Centered Perioperative Nursing Scale’. Content, surface and construct validity were used in validity analysis and; item analysis, split-half, Cronbach alpha and Omega coefficients were used in reliability analysis. Language adaptation was ensured by using translation-back translation method. The Content Validity Index was found as 0.97. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin value was calculated as 0.85 and Bartlett's value was calculated as 2062.99, p

The comet assay is a simple technique for measurements of low levels of DNA damage and repair in single cells. However, there is variation in background levels of DNA damage in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). This variation has been documented by inter-laboratory ring-trials where identical samples have been analysed in different laboratories using the formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase (Fpg)-modified comet assay. The coefficient of variation of background levels of Fpg-sensitive sites was 128 % in the first inter-laboratory validation trial called European Standards Committee on Oxidative DNA Damage. The variation was reduced to 44 % by the end of the project. Subsequent ring-trials by the European Comet Assay Validation Group showed similar inter-laboratory variation in Fpg-sensitive sites in PBMCs (45 %). The lowest inter-laboratory variation in Fpg-sensitive sites in PBMCs was 12 % when using calibration to standardize comet assay descriptors. Introduction of standard comet assay procedures was surprisingly unsuccessful as certain laboratories experienced technical problems using unaccustomed assay conditions. This problem was alleviated by using flexible assay standard conditions rather than a standard protocol in a ring-trial by the hCOMET group. The approach reduced technical problems, but the inter-laboratory variation in Fpg-sensitive sites was not reduced. The ring-trials have not pinpointed specific assay steps as major determinants of the variation in DNA damage levels. It is likely that small differences in several steps cause inter-laboratory variation. Although this variation in reported DNA damage levels causes concern, ring-trials have also shown that the comet assay is a reliable tool in biomonitoring studies.

Background: The Simplified Psoriasis Index (SPI) is a summary measure of psoriasis for current severity (SPI-s), psychosocial impact (SPI-p), and past history and interventions (SPI-i). Two complementary versions are available, differing only in that current severity is either professionally (proSPI-s) or patient self-assessed (saSPI-s). They have been shown to be valid, reliable, and interpretable. Objective: The current study investigated whether the validity, reliability, and interpretability of SPI could be replicated in an independent study in a different population and setting. Methods: A validated translation of SPI into Thai was used to assess the validity and reliability of SPI for assessing psoriasis in 100 Thai patients. The interpretability of proSPI-s and saSPI-s was assessed in 289 Thai patients. Results: There were close correlations between Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) and proSPI-s ( r = 0.84) and between PASI and saSPI-s ( r = 0.78). The SPI-p was closely correlated with the validated Thai version of the Dermatology Life Quality Index ( r = 0.78). Excellent intrarater (proSPI-s, saSPI-s, SPI-p, and SPI-i) reliability was demonstrated (all ICC ≥0.88). The PASI-equivalent cutoff scores for mild (PASI < 10) and severe psoriasis (PASI ≥ 20) were Conclusion: Our study confirms that SPI retains good validity and reliability in translation. The cutoff points we obtained were very close to those of the original study and confirmed that the originally proposed PASI-equivalent cutoff scores for mild and severe psoriasis of

Wrist-worn consumer-grade activity trackers are popular devices, developed mainly for personal use. This study aimed to explore the validity, reliability and sensitivity to change of movement behaviors metrics from three activity trackers (Polar Vantage M, Garmin Vivoactive 4s and Garmin Vivosport) in controlled and free-living conditions when worn by older adults. Participants (n = 28, 74 ± 5 years) underwent a videotaped laboratory protocol while wearing all three trackers. On a separate occasion, participants (n = 17 for each of the trackers) wore one (randomly assigned) tracker and a research-grade activity monitor ActiGraph wGT3X-BT simultaneously for six consecutive days. Both Garmin trackers showed excellent performance for step counts, with a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) below 20% and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC2,1) above 0.90 (p &lt, 0.05). The MAPE for sleep time was within 10% for all the trackers tested, while it was far beyond 20% for all other movement behaviors metrics. The results suggested that all three trackers could be used for measuring sleep time with a high level of accuracy, and both Garmin trackers could also be used for step counts. All other output metrics should be used with caution. The results provided in this study could be used to guide choice on activity trackers aiming for different purposes—individual use, longitudinal monitoring or in clinical trial setting.

Background & aim: This study aims to prospectively assess the validity, reliability and feasibility of two nutrition screening tools NRS-2002 and MST combined with BMI (MST+BMI) after administration by medical doctors in hospitals in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) Viet Nam.Methods: Participants were 150 adult patients (validity study), 30 adult patients (reliability study) and 40 medical doctors (feasibility study) in three wards from three general public hospitals in HCMC. Area Under the ROC curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and percent of correctly classified were calculated to determine validity against SGA or BMI. Cohen's kappa (κ) statistics were calculated to determine the reliability of NRS-2002 and MST+BMI. Viewpoints regarding the benefit and role of nutrition screening and the ease of use, acceptability and feasibility of NRS-2002 and MST+BMI were assessed among medical doctors using self-administered questionnaires with Likert scales to determine feasibility.Results: After completing by medical doctors the NRS-2002 and MST+BMI showed good validity (the sensitivity and specificity were 80.3% and 79.8% for NRS-2002 and were 81.8% and 84.5% for MST+BMI, respectively) and consistent reliability (κ: 0.72 & 0.75) against SGA or BMI. Medical doctors mostly agreed (93%) on the need for and benefits of nutrition screening. It took between two and 4 min to complete screening using NRS-2002 or MST+BMI. Over 82% of medical doctors indicated that the NRS-2002 and MST+BMI were easy to conduct. There was, however, lower agreement (73%), regarding the feasibility of implementing screening in their wards and hospitals.Conclusions: Both NRS-2002 and MST+BMI were valid, reliable and feasible for use by medical doctors for nutrition screening in hospitals in the resource sparse Vietnamese context. Additional activities are required to make nutrition screening more feasible.

تستهدف هذه الدراسة إعداد مقياسين لضغوط الحياة لدى طلاب الجامعة، أحدهما للضغوط الخارجية والآخر للضغوط الداخلية. وقد أعدت الباحثة مقياس الضغوط الخارجية من خلال اطلاعها على العديد من المقاييس واستطلاع رأي الطلاب ومن ثم تکوين أبعاد وبنود المقياس. کما قامت بتعريب مقياس الضغوط الداخلية أو ما يطلق عليه مؤشرات الضغوط إعداد فريق الارشاد الدولي بولاية کاليفورنيا بالولايات المتحدة الأمريکية. وقد اعتمدت الباحثة على المنهجية المتبعة في تعريب المقاييس الأجنبية لکي تکون صالحة للبيئة العربية والمصرية. وقد تم تقنين کلا المقياسين من خلال حساب معاملات الصدق والثبات على عينة من 225 طالبا وطالبة بالمدينة الجامعية بجامعة حلوان. وبناء على نتائج التقنين أصبح المقياس الأول يتکون من 40 بندا موزعا على خمسة أبعاد والمقياس الثاني يتکون من 62 بندا موزعا على خمسة أبعاد أيضا. ليصبح المقياسين صالحين للتطبيق في البيئة المصرية. This study aims to prepare two measures of life stress among university students, one for life stressors and the other for life stresses. The author has prepared the life stressors by reviewing many of the measures and surveying the students' opinion and then forming dimensions and items of the scale. It also localized the life stresses, or so-called pressure indicators, prepared by the International Guidance Team in California, USA. The researcher relied on the methodology used in the Arabization of foreign standards to be fit for the Arab and Egyptian environment. The reliability and validity were calculated on a sample of 225 students at the university city of Helwan University. Based on the results of rationing, the first scale consists of 40 items divided into five dimensions and the second scale consists of 62 items divided into five dimensions as well. To make the two standards applicable in the Egyptian environment..

The aims of the search measuring the following : 1- Cognitive self of the educational supervisor the sample of the research . 2 - Resistance to temptation of the educational supervisor the sample of the research . 3 – Relationship between Cognitive self and resistance to temptation of the educational supervisor the sample of the research . To achieve the aims of the research , the researcher did the below : Constricted a scale Cognitive self and Resistance to temptation which consisted of (22 ) items , after finishing conditions of validity reliability and distinguishing the items , The search limits to the educational supervisor at educational directions in Baghdad governorate for the year 2018 – 2019 , the community of the search consists of (1089 ) educational supervisor , ( 596 ) males and (493 ) females , the sample is selected randomly as ( %25 ) from the original community , the selected sample consists of (272 ) educational supervisor as ( 149) males and (123 ) females ,the search depends on descriptive method ,to achieve the objectives of the search , the researcher has applied the 2 scales on the search sample , using the bag statistical (SPSS ) the data has analyzed . the researcher comes up to the following : 1-The sample of the research has Cognitive self . 2 - The sample of the research has Resistance to temptation . 3 - There is correlation relationship between Cognitive self and Resistance to temptation to educational supervisor ( The sample of the research ) . According to the results that the search has come out with some recommends and suggestions .

Balance confidence may reflect and affect balance performance, and this effect may be mediated by neural inputs to muscles. Available balance confidence scales are designed for older adults and individuals with pathological conditions. To eliminate ceiling effects for young adults and to enable the study of neural excitability in relation to confidence relevant to balance, we developed a Balance Confidence Scale (BCS), comprised of items depicting single limb stance conditions of varying difficulty. Motor cortical excitability was measured using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Preliminary construct validity was examined relative to balance performance, perceived steadiness, and previous physical activity in 20 young adults (25.7 ± 4.2 years; 11 females). The scale showed good internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.81) and good test-retest reliability (ICC2,1 = 0.84) in a separate sample of 21 young adults (23.8 ± 4.6 years; 11 females). Balance confidence ranged from 34 to 79.6% in the validity sample. Confidence was correlated with performance indexed using center of pressure velocity (r = −0.62, p = 0.01) and area (r = −0.49, p = 0.04), in a relatively difficult standing condition with one leg positioned on an unstable spring. Perceived steadiness and overall physical activity were not correlated with confidence; however, participants with higher confidence scores reported greater experience with balance-related activities. Finally, confidence was related to indices of motor cortical excitability. The Balance Confidence Scale has sound preliminary validity and reliability and holds promise for the study of neural processes mediating social-cognitive influences on balance performance.

The problem of assessing whether experimental results can be replicated is becoming increasingly important in many areas of science. It is often assumed that assessing replication is straightforward: All one needs to do is repeat the study and see whether the results of the original and replication studies agree. This article shows that the statistical test for whether two studies obtain the same effect is smaller than the power of either study to detect an effect in the first place. Thus, unless the original study and the replication study have unusually high power (e.g., power of 98%), a single replication study will not have adequate sensitivity to provide an unambiguous evaluation of replication.

Objective To develop and establish the reliability, validity, measurement error, and minimum detectable change of a novel 30‐second fast‐paced walk test (30SFW) in persons with knee osteoarthritis (OA) that is easy to administer and can quantify walking performance in persons of all abilities. Methods Twenty females with symptomatic knee OA (mean age [SD] 58.30 [8.05] years) and 20 age‐ and sex‐matched asymptomatic controls (57.25 [8.71] years) participated in the study. Participants completed questionnaires of demographic and clinical data, the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), and the 36‐item Short Form Health Survey (SF‐36) followed by 30SFW performance. Participants returned 2‐7 days later and performed the 30SFW again. Results The knee OA group reported function that was worse than controls (all KOOS subscales; P < 0.0001). The 30SFW intrarater and interrater reliability were excellent [ICC (2,1) = 0.95‐0.99]. Knee OA participants walked a shorter distance in the 30SFW than controls (mean [SD]: OA 44.4 m [9.5 m]; control 58.1 m [7.8 m]; P < 0.0001). Positive strong correlations were found between the 30SFW and the KOOS–Activity of Daily Living, SF‐36‐Physical Functioning, and SF‐36‐Physical Health Composite scores (P < 0.0001). A nonsignificant, weak correlation between 30SFW and SF‐36‐Mental Health scores was present (r = 0.32, P = 0.05). Conclusion The 30SFW has excellent intrarater and interrater reliability. The 30SFW demonstrated excellent known groups, convergent, and discriminant validity as a measure of short‐distance walking ability in persons with knee OA. Clinicians and researchers should consider using the 30SFW to quantify walking ability in persons with knee OA and assess walking ability change.

The objective of this study was to provide a basis for future updates to the 2010 ASHRAE Performance Measurement Protocols for Commercial Buildings (PMP) through case studies. The PMP defines a sta...

Introduction: Interpersonal context is believed to represent a powerful factor that often fosters and sustains eating disturbances in females. The present study focused on the development of a measure tapping into positive interpersonal expectancies predicated on being thin believed to be positively involved in eating disorders in females, namely, the Interpersonal Outcome Expectancies for Thinness (IOET).Method: In Study 1, a total of 361 U.S. female college students completed the IOET for factor analysis. In Study 2, to assess for construct validity, an independent sample of 184 U.S. female college students completed a test battery including the IOET and measures of eating attitudes and disturbances, positive and negative affectivity, and general optimism.Results: In Study 1, results from an exploratory factor analysis indicated a one-factor solution for the IOET accounting for 76.70% of the total variance. In Study 2, the IOET was found to possess good test-retest reliability (6-week) in a subset sample of U.S. female participants. Moreover, in support for construct validity, we found IOET scores were positively associated with scores on measures of eating disturbances (e.g., bulimic symptoms) and negative affectivity. Additionally, IOET scores were negatively associated with scores on a measure of general optimism. Finally, in support of utility, the IOET was found to add incremental validity to the prediction of eating disturbances, even after accounting for general optimism and affectivity.Discussion: The present findings provide promising evidence for the validity, reliability, and utility of the IOET as a measure of a maladaptive cognitive schema associated with eating disorders in females. Implications for the theory and clinical assessments were discussed.

WOS: 000458547500001, The aim of this study is to develop a valid and reliable Likert-type attitude scale for toward story writing for third- and fourth-grade primary school students. 354 children from three different schools in the Eregli district of Zonguldak province, Turkey constituted the sample of this research. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were carried out to analyze the data. EFA identified 20 items and two factors for the scale. These factors were termed as "positive attitude" and "negative attitude." CFA confirmed the two-factor structure of the scale. The Cronbach's alpha coefficients were found to be .92 for the overall scale, .90 for the first factor, and .89 for the second factor. The test-retest reliability coefficients were .82 for the overall scale, .87 for the first factor, and .83 for the second factor. The results indicate a valid and reliable measure for students' attitudes towards story writing.