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Objective: The aim of this study was to report the clinicopathologic features of 62 cases of central odontogenic fibroma (COdF)., Study Design: Clinical and radiographic data were collected from the records of 13 oral pathology laboratories. All cases were microscopically reviewed, considering the current World Health Organization classification of tumors and were classified according to histopathologic features., Results: There were 43 females and 19 males (average age 33.9 years; range 8-63 years). Clinically, COdF lesions appeared as asymptomatic swellings, occurring similarly in the maxilla (n = 33) and the mandible (n = 29); 9 cases exhibited palatal depression. Imaging revealed well-defined, interradicular unilocular (n = 27), and multilocular (n = 12) radiolucencies, with displacement of contiguous teeth (55%) and root resorption (46.4%). Microscopically, classic features of epithelial-rich (n = 33), amyloid (n = 10), associated giant cell lesion (n = 7), ossifying (n = 6), epithelial-poor (n = 3), and granular cell (n = 3) variants were seen. Langerhans cells were highlighted by CD1a staining in 17 cases. Most patients underwent conservative surgical treatments, with 1 patient experiencing recurrence., Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the largest clinicopathologic study of COdF. Most cases appeared as locally aggressive lesions located in tooth-bearing areas in middle-aged women. Inactive-appearing odontogenic epithelium is usually observed within a fibrous/fibromyxoid stroma, occasionally exhibiting amyloid deposits, multinucleated giant cells, or granular cells., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) is an uncommon soft tissue sarcoma with a predilection for the extremities and trunk of adults, rarely occurring in the oral cavity. To date, 10 cases of MPNSTs affecting the lower labial mucosa have been reported in the English language literature. We describe an additional case of MPNST in the lower labial mucosa of a 67-year-old male patient, who exhibited a painful swelling with a history of 4 months of evolution. Microscopic examination showed dense plexiform fascicles of spindle cells with wavy atypical nuclei. Mitotic figures and nuclear pleomorphism were evident. Immunohistochemical analysis of tumor cells revealed positivity for S-100 protein, CD56, CD34, and neuron-specific enolase but was negative for neurofilament protein, glut-1, claudin-1, desmin, and smooth muscle actin. Ki-67 labeling was 20%. The final diagnosis was MPNST. The lesion was surgically removed with wide margins, with no signs of recurrence after 4 years of follow-up., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

To evaluate the action of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) on osseointegration of titanium implants in rabbits. Fourteen adult New Zealand rabbits, aged 30 weeks, were used in the study, and randomly divided into 2 groups. In each animal, 2 (2.2 mm × 6 mm) pure titanium implants were placed in the left tibia. In one group (test group), 1 IU (0.3 mg) of rhGH as a lyophilized powder was applied to each osteotomy site prior to implant placement. Only titanium implants were placed in osteotomy sites of the other group (control). Animals were humanely killed at 14 and 42 days after surgery, and samples were then prepared for histologic analysis and biomechanical test. The biomechanical test showed tensile pull-out stress values of 33.88 N/cm(2) for controls and 59.26 N/cm(2) for the rhGH group at 14 days and 25.99 N/cm(2) and 29.69 N/cm(2) for the control and the test group, respectively, at 42 days. Scanning electron microscope analysis showed more uniform and abundant bone tissue in contact with the implants for the test group at 14 days, and no differences between groups at 42 days. Furthermore, histologic analysis also showed accelerated bone repair in 14 days and a more advanced stage of bone remodeling for the rhGH-treated group when compared to controls after 42 days of repair. Such results show that the topical use of rhGH induces new bone formation in the early stages of bone repair and hence accelerates osseointegration of titanium dental implants.

We report the case of a 16-month-old boy who presented an exuberant erythematous gingival swelling and severe tooth mobility. Radiographic examination confirmed alveolar bone loss, and gingival biopsy showed epithelium containing numerous dyskeratotic cells. Because of feeding difficulties, the enlarged gingival tissue and involved teeth were removed. One year later, similar problems were encountered during the eruption of the deciduous second molars. The patient also exhibited papular skin lesions. Histopathologic features on biopsies of the skin and oral lesions were similar. The oral and cutaneous lesions presented by this patient were similar to those described by From et al. in 1978 in a father and son, reported as dyskeratosis benigna intraepithelialis mucosae et cutis hereditaria--the sole report in the English language. To avoid confusion with hereditary benign intraepithelial dyskeratosis (Witkop-von Sallmann syndrome) we have renamed the condition as mucocutaneous dyskeratosis with periodontal destruction and tooth loss., (Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To assess the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on the incorporation of deep-frozen block allografts in a rabbit model., Background Data: Studies have shown that LLLT has beneficial effects on tissue repair and new bone formation., Methods: Bone tissue was harvested from two rabbits, processed by deep-freezing and grafted into the calvaria of 12 animals, which were then randomly allocated into two groups: experimental (L) and control (C). Rabbits in group L were irradiated with an aluminum gallium arsenide diode laser (AlGaAs; wavelength 830 nm, 4 J/cm(2)), applied to four sites on the calvaria, for a total dose of 16 J/cm(2) per session. The total treatment dose after eight sessions was 128 J/cm(2). Animals were euthanized at 35 (n = 6) or 70 days (n = 6) postoperatively., Results: Deep-freeze-processed block allografts followed by LLLT showed incorporation at the graft-host interface, moderate bone remodeling, partial filling of osteocyte lacunae, less inflammatory infiltrate in the early postoperative period, and higher collagen deposition than the control group., Conclusion: Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy showed that allograft bone processed by deep-freezing plus LLLT is suitable as an alternative for the treatment of bone defects. Use of the deep-freezing method for processing of bone grafts preserves the structural and osteoconductive characteristics of bone tissue.

Objective: This study evaluated the effect of low-level infrared laser on removal torque values of implants with poor initial stability inserted in rabbit tibias., Background Data: It is important to analyze the effects of laser radiation on bone repair when low-quality bone and implants with poor initial stability are used., Materials and Methods: Thirty male white New Zealand rabbits (Oryctolagus Cuniculus) about 2 mo old and weighing 1.5-2.0 kg were used. Machined implants with poor initial stability were inserted in the tibia of each animal. Animals were randomly divided into two groups: laser irradiated and laser nonirradiated. Each group was further divided into three subgroups, according to the day the animals were killed: 15, 30, or 45 d. Torque values were measured with an axial digital torquemeter that applied counter-torque. The Student's t-test was used to calculate means and standard deviations for the comparisons between laser and control groups., Results: A significant increase (p = 0.050) in removal torque values was found in the group of laser-irradiated implants at 15 and 30 d when compared with the control groups. At 45 d, no significant differences were found., Conclusion: In this study, low-level laser therapy promoted the osseointegration of implants with poor initial stability, particularly in the initial stages of bone healing.

The treatment of comminuted fractures of the mandible is challenging due both to the severity of the injuries generally associated with this type of fracture, and the lack of consensus as to the most appropriate treatment method.There are two distinct approaches for treating comminuted fractures of the mandible: closed reduction with maxillomandibular fixation (MMF) - the oldest and classical treatment - and open operation and internal fixation. The morbidity rate of closed reduction is lower but, with the advent of modern anaesthesia and antibiotics, open surgery has become more frequent. Stable internal fixation (SIF) is acheived using plates, miniplates and/or screws. The advantage of this approach is that there is a more precise reduction of the fragments, with the possibility of early function by eliminating or reducing the time of MMF. This paper reviews the main advantages, disadvantages and differences between the two techniques.

We report the case of a 4-month-old Caucasian male baby who presented an uncommon mass in the anterior mandibular ridge. The patient was born with two natal mandibular incisors, which exfoliated some weeks after birth, followed by a growth of nodular lesion in the same region. Based on the clinical and histopathological features, the diagnosis was of myxoid calcified hamartoma. Immunohistochemical and scanning electron microscopic analysis of the lesion were performed. Hamartomas in the mandibular ridges associated with natal teeth are rare, but they must be considered in the differential diagnosis of common lesions, such as congenital granular cell epulis.

The treatment of condylar process fractures has generated a great deal of discussion and controversy in oral and maxillofacial trauma and there are many different methods to treat this injury. For each type of condylar fracture, the techniques must be chosen taking into consideration the presence of teeth, fracture height, patient's adaptation, patient's masticatory system, disturbance of occlusal function, deviation of the mandible, internal derangements of the temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) and ankylosis of the joint with resultant inability to move the jaw, all of which are sequelae of this injury. Many surgeons seem to favor closed treatment with maxillomandibular fixation (MMF), but in recent years, open treatment of condylar fractures with rigid internal fixation (RIF) has become more common. The objective of this review was to evaluate the main variables that determine the choice of method for treatment of condylar fractures: open or closed, pointing out their indications, contra-indications, advantages and disadvantages.