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In this study, composite binders were prepared as novel, eco-friendly polymineral binders by using rice husks to produce active silica-containing additive, based on which self-compacting fibre concretes (SCFCs) with high impact strength and impermeability characteristics were created. Two types of fibre were used as disperse reinforcement – namely, steel brass-plated fibre and basalt fibre. Ten different mixes of SCFC were investigated. The rheological characteristics of concrete mixes were determined by a series of tests including slump flow, V-funnel, L-box, U-box and segregation resistance tests. In addition, the impact endurance was determined using standard techniques, such as the impact of hammer blows on both panels and cylinders, and this confirmed the creation of dynamically durable composites with high workability. In addition, the microstructural, morphological and thermal properties of such concrete at 28 days of curing were determined. The results indicated that the incorporation of a composite binder in SCFCs significantly improved the mechanical properties and microstructure of the cement matrix by clogging the capillary pores of the cement paste and reducing the growth of portlandite crystals, thereby increasing the compressive strength of fibre concretes by about 31%, the impact endurance by up to six times, and the crack resistance by up to nine times.

Introduction. The purpose of the article is to expand the range of compositions for special structures, which will allow them to be operated in extreme conditions. To achieve this goal, a number of tasks have been solved containing ways to improve the efficiency of composites, incl. low-permeability ones. Materials and methods. The research methodology includes a system of transdisciplinary approaches that evaluate the composite as a complex system, taking into account the provisions of geomimetics, such as the law of similarity, the law of affinity of structures, technogenic metasomatism, and micromechanics of composite media. Results. A wide range of cement concretes has been created for unique objects: low-permeability (for protective objects, reservoirs and hydraulic structures). The developed composites have the following performance characteristics (the results for the control sample are given in parentheses): water absorption by weight — 2.5 % (6.1 %), waterproof grade — W14 (W10), air permeability — 0.0253 cm3/s (0.0565 cm3/s), vapor permeability — 0.0021 mg/(m-h-Pa) (0.0030 mg/(m-h-Pa)), effective diffusion coefficient — 1.34 · 10–4 cm2/s (1.56 · 10–4 cm2/s). Conclusions. The similarity in the work of the components of different composite binders, incl. During the two-stage hydration of clinker minerals, in particular, in the first phase, the formation of low-density compounds of different phases occurs, and in the second phase, the binding of calcium hydroxide to low-basic crystalline hydrates occurs. The increase in the activity of the composite binder is due to the synergistic effect of a number of reasons: amorphous silica-containing components bind Ca(OH)2, released during the hydration of clinker minerals, in the second generation CSH(I); limestone particles clog the pores, compacting the structure; and fly ash microspheres are centers of crystallization of new growths.

Currently, building blocks are widely used in the construction industry, the use of which contributes to an increase in the speed of construction several times, and also reduces labor costs. To obtain wall blocks, various binders are currently used, but the use of composite binders obtained on the basis of new types of raw materials, is relevant. Among the currently non-used natural raw materials, it is possible to single out aluminosilicate rocks, unconventional for the construction industry, characterized by the presence of clay rocks of mineral formation unfinished stage (aggregates) in their composition. Based on the results of the studies carried out, the effect of the synthesized calcium hydrosilicates addition was established as СSH (I) and С2SH(A) on the properties of energy-saving wall silicate blocks obtained on the basis of technogenic aluminosilicate raw materials. The rational content of the СSH (I) additive is 1.5 wt. %, which contributes to an increase in the products’ strength by 30-50%. The optimum lime content in the raw mix is 12 wt. %. The nature of the influence С2SH(A) on the properties of non-autoclave silicate materials obtained by the method of injection technology, in general, coincides with the addition of CSH (I). The resulting material can be used as a structural material (non-supporting structures) inside low-rise buildings and structures. Low average density of this material (1300–1450 kg/m3) indicates the best thermal properties (the thermal conductivity coefficient of the samples is 0.17 W/m·K).

One of the factors hindering the normal development of additive construction technologies is the lack of reasonable methods for evaluating the suitability of mixtures for printing. This makes it almost impossible to compare remotely the compositions of different developers, makes it difficult to develop equipment and regulatory documentation, without which it is impossible to complete industrial production. The paper considers the feasibility of introducing the concept of “printability” of compositions and “rheological technological index of mixtures” as a numerical indicator for its evaluation. The design of the device for determining the rheological technological index is described. The developed device has a low cost of production, is linked to standard equipment of construction laboratories and emulates the main types of effects on the mixture during the extrusion process. The effective method for ensuring the printability of fine-grained concretes is considered based on the joint use of traditional plasticizing additives with entrained agents – foaming agents for cellular concretes. The effect of these additives is realized at different scale levels (micro-and mesolevels (cement paste) – traditional superplasticizers; macro-level (fine aggregate) - entrained agents), which together provides high rheological technological indices and effectiveness of mixtures with increased amounts of sand, low W/C ratios and small dosages of these additives. The use of additional mineral or organic rheology modifiers that increase the cost of the mixture is not required in this case. The structural features and basic properties of the developed composites are studied, allowing making comparisons with the solutions of other developers, assessing the prospects of the proposed method of ensuring printability, and outlining directions for its further improvement.

Information on the influence of the state of the production process of production and the uncertainty of the measurement on the decision on the product's suitability is given. It is shown on the example of brick production that the decision to accept a batch of bricks, taking into account the measurement uncertainty under unstable condition of the production process, may be erroneous. Three variants of the state of the production process for the production of 100-grade brick are considered. The first option - the average value of compressive strength does not coincide with the middle of the tolerance field, the production process is characterized as unstable, the second option - the average value of compressive strength does not coincide with the middle of the tolerance field, a greater value of the spread of the indicators compared with the first version and is characterized as an unstable process, the third option is the average value of the tensile strength, and compression coincides with the middle of the tolerance field, is characterized as a stable and reproducible process. It is established, that, if the production process is in a state of statistical controllability, i.e. stable, then taking into account the uncertainty of measurement, the brick grade remains 100. In an unstable process with an increase in the value of the standard uncertainty of type A, the controller's decision to identify the brand of brick 100 may be erroneous. Statistically stable and reproducible process makes it possible to increase the reliability of product quality control and to avoid mistakes in deciding on the rejection of products.

Nowadays, in order to design durable construction materials all collected knowledge on material science as well as modern technologies allow solving the problems by applying mimicry or nature-like are technologies based on interdisciplinary study of geonics. Considering the principles of geology, it is important to study the influence of genetic characteristics of raw materials on structural performance and durability of final construction materials. The following paper focuses on assessment of effect of genetic characteristics of industrial by-products such as materials derived from iron-ore production at the Kursk Magnetic Anomaly on carbonation resistance in autoclave cellular concrete was studied. The secondary products of ore rigging process, the screening fraction of sandstone, shale rocks as well as tailings of wet magnetic separation were used as a quartz-bearing mineral components. The evaluaton parameters in this study were compressive strength, density and carbonation resistance of autoclave cellular concrete (ACC) specimens. The carbonation process was reproduced in laboratory prepared concrete. In order to eccelerate carbonation reaction all specimens were stored in a sealed chamber saturated with CO2. The density and compressive strength characteristics of ACC with regular quartz sand were 630 kg/m3and 3.6 МPа, respectively. The same parameters were slightly higher in case of full replacement of quartz sand by sand stone and demonstrated 655 kg/m3and 3.9 МPа, respectively, and carbonation resistance was increased by 20 %. The results support the view, that screening fraction of sandstone that had been formed under natural metamorphosis is more preferable for use in ACC production. Full replacement of regular quartz sand by sand stone in ACC specimens showed improved compressive strength and carbonation resistance.

Fibers of various origins are of great importance for the manufacture of new generation cement composites. The use of modified composite binders allows these highly efficient building materials to be used for 3D-printing of structures for various functional purposes. In this article, changes in building codes are proposed, in particular, the concept of the rheological technological index (RTI) mixtures is introduced, the hardware and method for determining which will reproduce the key features of real processes. An instrument was developed to determine a RTI value. The mixes based on composite binders and combined steel and polypropylene fibers were created. The optimally designed composition made it possible to obtain composites with a compressive strength of 93 MPa and a tensile strength of 11 MPa. At the same time, improved durability characteristics were achieved, such as water absorption of 2.5% and the F300 frost resistance grade. The obtained fine-grained fiber-reinforced concrete composite is characterized by high adhesion strength of the fiber with the cement paste. The microstructure of the developed composite, and especially the interfacial transition zone, has a denser structure compared to traditional concrete. The obtained materials, due to their high strength characteristics due to the use of a composite binder and combined fiber, can be recommended for use in high-rise construction.

The development trend of building materials science directs at on energy and resource conservation, as well as the creation of green composites. An important step in this direction is the d...

A person spends most of his life in rooms built from various building materials; therefore, the optimization of the human environment is an important and complex task that requires interdisciplinary approaches. Within the framework of the new theory of geomimetics in the building science of materials, the concepts of technogenic metasomatism, the affinity of microstructures, and the possibilities of creating composites that respond to operational loads and can self-heal defects have been created. The article aims to introduce the basic principles of the science of geomimetics in terms of the design and synthesis of building materials. The study’s novelty lies in the concept of technogenic metasomatism and the affinity of microstructures developed by the authors. Novel technologies have been proposed to produce a wide range of composite binders (including waterproof and frost-resistant gypsum binders) using novel forms of source materials with high free internal energy. The affinity microstructures for anisotropic materials have been formulated, which involves the design of multilayered composites and the repair of compounds at three levels (nano-, micro-, macro-). The proposed theory of technogenic metasomatism in the building science of materials represents an evolutionary stage for composites that are categorized by their adaptation to evolving circumstances in the operation of buildings and structures. Materials for three-dimensional additive technologies in construction are proposed, and examples of these can be found in nature. Different ways of applying our concept for the design of building materials in future works are proposed.

This article considers the possibility of increasing the effectiveness of composite gypsum binders (CGB) by controlling the processes of structure formation as a result of using new types of multicomponent mineral additives that are significantly different from the traditionally used quartz raw materials:- waste of wet magnetic separation of ferrous quartzites (WMS waste,) of polymineral composition with quartzy of varying degrees of crystallinity, nanodispersed silica and chalk powder. We have studied the cause-effect relationship between the change in the ratio of binding and mineral additives of various compositions, which determines the conditions for the formation of technological and strength characteristics of the projected composite materials with specified performance properties. We have established the presence of regularities in the changes in the properties of CGB, the composition of the hardening products and the microstructure depending on the type and content of gypsum binders of β-and α-modifications, portland cement, multicomponent finely-dispersed mineral additives, the regularity consists in the binding of portlandite, which is released upon portland cement hydration, by the amorphous phase of earth siliconas a part ofnanodispersed powder and chalcedony variety of quartz waste of wet magnetic separation of ferruginous quartzites. This provides a reduction in the basicity of the solidifying system, the intensification of crystal formation, and the formation of newgrowths with a high content of tobormorite-low-basic calcium hydrosilicates that compact the microstructure of the hardening matrix and, as a result, increase the water resistance and stability. It is noted that this mechanism of hydration of CGB minimizes inner stresses and volume deformations, therefore the number of microcracks decreases, which leads to an increase in its efficiency in comparison with the traditionally used gypsum binder and that differs from the traditional portland cement by a fast strength generation.

Non-autoclaved aerated concrete certain advantages are significantly lower production organization costs and technology energy intensity due to the lack of autoclave curing, the possibility of different scales industries foundation as well as monolithic construction applications. All of this allows to solve complex problems of various purposes buildings erection, heat and noise insulation. Portland cement consumption significant reduction and material properties management can be achieved through use of composite binders containing local natural and technogenic components selected on the basis of their genesis and properties. The applicability of heavy concrete and ceramic bricks processing wastes as well as such large-tonnage extraction of iron ore as sandstones granulation selection as mineral additive for non-autoclaved aerated concrete production as well as a number of accompanying issues of the of a high-quality pore space structures formation control are considered in the present article.

Due to its novelty, futuristic appearance of created forms, a vivid contrast with a conventional image of a construction site, construction 3D printing attracts attention of a wide audience. Specialists see it as affording significant possibilities for saving all kinds of resources, reducing construction time, giving possibility to implement progressive design solutions, but they also see serious problems, such as: an immature general concept of development of additive technologies, a limited range and high cost of consumables, lack of methods for development of new compositions and lack of experience in application of such methods as a result. The paper analyzes links between the process factors and properties of molding components; principles of their practical implementation are proposed. Special attention is given to the issues in assessment of construction printability of newly-developed compositions.

In modern conditions it is necessary to create high-tech, reliable and durable composites of a new generation with the required properties, and this requires qualitatively new approaches in the design, synthesis, operation, destruction and reuse of sources, that is based on the introduction of fundamentally new nature-similiar technologies. The great interest not only in Russia, but also abroad, present additive technologies. The article proposes the technology of using water-resistant and cold-resistant quick-hardening composite on the basis of gypsum binders of a new generation with finely ground mineral additives of different genetic types, in-cluding using a new unique type of mineral additives - waste from the magnetic separation of ferruginous quartzite. бионика, геоника (геомиметика), 3D-технологии, аддитивные технологии, композиционные гипсовые вяжущие, минеральная добавка, строительные композиты

Concrete is the most common building material; therefore, when designing structures, it is obligatory to consider all structural parameters and design characteristics such as acoustic properties. In particular, this is to ensure comfortable living conditions for people in residential premises, including acoustic comfort. Different types of concrete behave differently as a sound conductor; especially dense mixtures are superior sound reflectors, and light ones are sound absorbers. It is found that the level of sound reflection in modified concrete is highly dependent on the type of aggregates, size and distribution of pores, and changes in concrete mix design constituents. The sound absorption of acoustic insulation concrete (AIC) can be improved by forming open pores in concrete matrices by either using a porous aggregate or foam agent. To this end, this article reviews the noise and sound transmission in buildings, types of acoustic insulating materials, and the AIC properties. This literature study also provides a critical review on the type of concretes, the acoustic insulation of buildings and their components, the assessment of sound insulation of structures, as well as synopsizes the research development trends to generate comprehensive insights into the potential applications of AIC as applicable material to mitigate noise pollution for increase productivity, health, and well-being.

Textile concrete was modified to create eco-friendly, low-shrinkage material with higher density, compressive and tensile strength, and freeze–thaw resistance characteristics. Shrinkage cha...

The novelty of the paper is to identify the scientific patterns of the selective effect of multicomponent fine mineral additives on the synthesis of new growths and the microstructure of gy...

The novelty of this paper lies in the identification of the scientific patterns of the influence of thermal power plant waste (TPPW) on the hydration mechanism and the structure of the gypsum-cement binder (GCB). The classification of raw materials for the production of GCB has been developed taking into account the genesis, which contributes to the prediction of the properties of composites. The features of the hydration phase formation and hardening of GCB have been studied taking into account the chemical, structural and morphological features of fly ash and slag. In addition, the microstructural, morphological, and thermal properties of the cured binders at a 28 day cure were determined. For the first time, scientific data on the properties of gypsum-cement fiber-reinforced composite using TPPW and microfiber have been obtained. The results show that the synergistic effect of gypsum-cement binder, TPPW, and polyamide or basalt microfiber improves the physicomechanical properties of a 28 day cured binder: compressive strength of 20 MPa, flexural strength of 8.9 MPa, and softening coefficient 0.87.

Today, the use of thermal and acoustic insulation and energy loss prevention is one of the topics in the world. As presented by this research, it can be used for the technogenic parts and composite materials of different gens, to make green composite structures of different functionality (heat saving structurally, and acoustic without satisfying the cost and structure performance. These structures are used to prevent from unwanted heat and noise and safe existence which includes proper acoustic system, heat and humidity comfort conditions, environmental safety, and other comfort systems.

Nowadays, with the advancement of science and technology, a big step has been taken in strengthening and improving concrete structures. Structure reinforcement with composite materials is one of the methods that has been considered and used in civil industry in recent years. One of the application domains of composite materials is to improve and increase the load capacity. This paper investigates the composite structure performance under the dynamic loads. Findings showed that these structures are low risk in the high and dynamic loads, which improves the structure life time. Increased corrosion resistance of the structure is a significant improvement in these materials. The load-bearing capacity of composite surfaces is 7 times that of reinforced concrete surfaces, while their weight is very light.

The article describes architectural solutions of pergolas adapted for the reproduction of synthesized acoustic space. The solution is represented by means of computer modelling and visualizes both processes and ob-jects on the example of construction and calculations. The project design of architectural models is an integral part in the practical reconstruction of the geospatial space studied by the architectural geography.

Despite the fact that gypsum materials have many advantages, such as fast hardening, low cost, environmental friendliness, their field of application is limited by low values of compressive strength, water resistance and durability. An urgent task is to increase the efficiency of the gypsum composite through the use of Portland cement, as well as a natural and man-made waste. The novelty of the work lies in the identification of scientific regularities of the influence of industrial waste on the structure formation and properties of green gypsum-cement paste (GGCP). For the first time, the genesis and technogenesis of quartz in the waste of ferruginous quartzites is generalized and studied. The features of the formation of the structure and hardening of GGCP are studied taking into account the chemical, structural and morphological features of dehydrate gypsum, Portland cement and man-made waste of various genesis. Gypsum β-modification of the G-5B II grade and technogenic wastes were used as a binder component and mineral additives, respectively. The fresh properties and durability of the GGCP were studied according to standardized test methods. However, the influence of different fineness of grinding of components on the performances of GGCP was investigated. It was revealed that with a decrease in the fineness of concrete waste, from 200 to 600 m2/kg, the compressive strength significantly increases, 4 times. This is due to the fact that when concrete waste is ground; previously unhydrated cement particles are exposed, which undergo hydration later. It was revealed that the maximum compressive strength of 22 MPa of the GGCP is achieved at a specific surface area of 600 m2/kg, a further increase in the specific surface area would lead to a decrease in compressive strength, which is explained by an increase in water demand. As a result of research for two years, both in water and air, it was found that there were no signs of destruction and decrease in the strength of the specimens. In accordance with the experimental data obtained, a three-stage model of the structure formation of the GGCP with mineral additives of industrial waste was proposed.

It is necessary to solve the ecological problems of regions where there is large-tonnage storage of various finely dispersed materials, including technogenic ones. This article presents the results of an investigation into the possible use of substandard dispersed quartz sands to obtain effective granular aggregates, with the purpose of putting them to use in mortars and concrete. The study used standard and original experimental research methods related to the analysis and preparation of raw materials, technological tests, and the study of the properties of finished composites. Investigations were carried out to obtain composite binders in the component composition of which the use of different ratios of Portland cement and substandard quartz sands prepared in a vortex jet mill was envisaged. It was found that the obtained composite binders had high physical and mechanical characteristics, which was due to the high specific surface area and hydration activity. On the basis of composite binders and finely dispersed quartz sands (fineness from ≤0.16 mm to 1 mm), the granulation of mixtures of 36 types of component compositions was performed. The developed compositions of granular aggregates (GAs) showed the possibility of obtaining them with sufficiently high strength values in cement stone. The studies carried out make it possible to recommend finely dispersed substandard and technogenic materials for the production of GAs, which would ensure the economy of binding materials as well as contribute to the reuse of large-tonnage waste of ferrous and nonferrous metallurgy and the chemical and mining industries.

The development trend of building materials science is aimed at energy and resource conservation, as well as the creation of green composites. An important step in this direction is the disposal of waste of various origins, including mine waste. This study aims to increase the performances of non-autoclaved and autoclaved silicate materials using clay rocks, simultaneously recoverable during the extraction of iron ore. Binder composites, quicklime-sandy-sand and lime-cement, were prepared in the form of new compositions, based on which silicate products with improved strength properties and performance characteristics were developed. The synthesis of new growths in the “sandy clay raw- calcium hydroxide - water” system was also studied both under autoclaved conditions and without it. The features of the formation of the hydration phase and hardening of modified binders were investigated taking into account the chemical and microstructural features of sandy clay rocks. Meanwhile, the microstructural, morphological and thermal properties of the cured silicate products were also determined. Based on clay waste raw materials, weather-resistant silicate materials were obtained, the strength of which during operation can even increase due to the hydraulic properties of cementitious composites. Freeze-thaw resistance is 15 cycles, which corresponds to the performance of traditional bricks. An energy-efficient technological route for the manufacture of sand-clay-calcareous stones and blocks is proposed.

The article presents aspects of the production of new functional building materials based on foam glass, reproducing the geological processes of formation of natural minerals and rocks. The creation of heat-insulating and structural glass composites (TCS) with increased strength requires the development of a new theoretical base that allows one to design various composites with an amorphous-crystal structure, which forms the specified properties. Two methods of amorphous matrix reinforcement are considered: physical and chemical (or thermochemical). Regularities of formation of porous glass composites are established. The values of technological parameters that are necessary for obtaining glass composites with the specified properties are determined. It is shown that the developed materials can be used for the construction of unique structures with reduced heat transfer. The resulting materials can be used to produce light prefabricated segments, which is important for transportation and installation in the Northern regions.

The area of application of gypsum materials is limited to low values of compressive strength, water resistance and durability. An urgent task is to increase the efficiency of the gypsum composite using Portland cement, as well as natural and industrial waste. In this work, complex studies were carried out, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, differemtial-thermal analysis (DTA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, small-angle X-ray diffraction, as well as mechanical and durability tests of hardened composites. The influence of gypsum building materials on the environment and humans throughout the life cycle have been determined. The features of the formation of the structure and hardening of the eco-friendly gypsum-cement composite (EGCC) have been studied taking into account the chemical, structural and morphological features of dihydrate gypsum, Portland cement, opoka, perlite and six different modifiers. The effect of various finenesses of grinding components on the performances of the EGCC has been investigated. It has been revealed that the maximum compressive strength of 18.1 MPa of hardened gypsum cement binder is achieved with a specific surface of 600 m2 / kg, a further increase in the specific surface leads to a decrease in compressive strength, which is explained by an increase in water demand. Comprehensive chemical additives have been developed that allow a wider range of setting time, from 35 to 72 min. With the introduction of a complex chemical additive, the volume of micropores decreases, which is due to small-sized new growths located in the pore space of the gypsum matrix. All this leads to improving fresh properties and performances of the EGCC.

The direction of many leading states is aimed at the development of the Arctic, so the creation of new generation thermal insulation materials is given priority. The novelty of the paper is to identify the scientific patterns of the influence of binder composites based on Portland cement and waste of expanded pearlite sand during joint jet grinding on the hydration mechanism and the structure of the plaster mortar. The grinding of heat-insulating binders in ball, vibration and vortex jet mills was studied. The features of hydrated phase formation and hardening of modified binders were studied taking into account the chemical, structural and morphological features of perlite wastes. Besides, the microstructural, morphological and thermal properties of the hardened binders at 28 days of curing were determined. For the first time, the scientific data were obtained on the properties of modified heat-insulating binder and plaster mortars based on it, obtained by mechanochemical jet activation. The results indicate that the jet activation of the modified binder based on Portland cement, waste from the production of expanded perlite sand and superplasticizer, contributes to the improvement of the physicomechanical properties of 28-days hardened binder: the compressive strength of 84.2 MPa and density of 2100 kg/m3. Based on the developed modified binder, the effective heat-insulating plaster mortars with heat conductivity of 0.051–0.059 W/(m·°C), a density of 240–260 kg/m3 and a compressive strength of 1.3–1.43 MPa were obtained, which meets the requirements. Technological route for the production of low-density plaster thermal insulation mix was developed.

The most important task in the production of foam concrete is the selection of silica-containing components from both natural and technogenic raw materials, the use of which can not only reduce the consumption of the most energy-intensive and expensive component of foam concrete/Portland cement, but also allows to control the process of structure formation. The novelty of the paper is to identify the scientific patterns of the process control to foam concrete microstructure formation by using the system “Portland cement - opoka marl-fly ash” as a composite binder. The composite binders obtained by mechanochemical activation of Portland cement, opoka marl and fly ash were prepared as the novel compositions, based on which the concretes with improved behaviors are created. The physico mechanical characteristics of the concretes were researched by a series of tests including heat intensity of hydration, shrinkage, average density, and compressive strength, in addition to the durability characteristics (freeze-thaw resistance, vapor permeability) and thermal conductivity. The morphology and microstructure of the obtained cement pastes and concretes was studied by a complex of methods, including SEM images, XRD analysis and DTA analysis. For the first time, the scientific data on the properties of the composite binders and the foam concrete based on it were obtained. The nature of the influence of fly ash on the microstructure formation processes of the foam concrete mix for wall materials is revealed. The composite binders obtained by milling components have a compressive strength of up to 60 MPa with cement savings of up to 40%. Based on the composite binder, the foam concrete with a density of 500–700 kg/m3 with a compressive strength of up to 4.26 MPa were obtained.

today energy saving and energy efficiency improvement in Russia are priority directions of the country’s energy policy. First of all, when creating an energy-efficient house, it is necessary to think about preventing heat losses through enclosing structures, and only then about reducing lighting costs, optimizing the work of building engineering systems, and the introduction of alternative energy sources. Materials for thermal insulation, the most important characteristic of which is the thermal conductivity, do the main role in the provision of optimal conditions of indoor air. The creation of thermal insulation solutions with improved thermal protection properties is a very acute problem at the moment. In this connection, the purpose of this work was to create effective compositional binders that contribute to the reduction of the density of thermal insulation materials. Within the framework of the energy-saving program and the development of housing construction of the Russian Federation and the implementation of the Federal Law №185-FZ “On assistance to the reform of housing and communal services”, the creation of new effective building materials with high performance and thermal protection characteristics that can compete with foreign analogues is of great importance. This article presents new approaches to improve the efficiency of dry heat-insulating mixtures, taking into account the law of affinity structures, which provides for the design of composites using fillers and composite binders of reduced density. Thermal insulation solutions on the basis of dry construction mixtures have superior technology, physical and mechanical and operational performance.

Researches aim to significantly increase the operational properties of the wood materials without compromising on their environmental significance. The possibility of implementing a fundamentally new approach involving filling the free space in the wood fiber structure with such mineral filler particles as nanosized basalt is shown. The research focuses on solving problems concerned with the optimal quantitative ratio selection for the fine mineral components of wood composite, working out the mineral reinforced material prototypes and testing their hydrophysical and fire-technical properties. The proposed method of highly dispersed wood material reinforcing with basalt nanoparticles allows getting highly water- and heat-resistant as well as eco-friendly raw materials. The composite reinforced with wood fiber is characterized by the decreased level of water absorption values and the significantly reduced smoke emission coefficient.

Increasing efficiency of composite thermal insulation foam concretes / V. S. Lesovik [et al.] // Adavnces in Engineering Reeseach (Actual Issues of Mechanical Engineering AIME 2017). - 2017. - Vol.133. - P. 414-419.

This paper discusses some of the major environmental problems of North-Arctic region. It has been proposed to use provisions of Architectural geonics and "green" composite compounds with nanodisperse organic mineral additive to improve the ecological situation in the region and enhance the effectiveness of the "Man-Material-Habitat" system.

One of the performance indicators of building products and structures made of high-strength concretes is their durability, which determines the urgency problem of preserving high construction and technical properties over time. In this regard, an important task is to create new ways of the durability prediction and corrosion resistance of high-strength concretes in conditions of aggressive environmental exposure. This article discusses the issues of determining the durability of high-strength powder concretes under the action of one of the most common aggressive factors is sulfate solution. The results development of an accelerated method for predicting the durability of powder concretes in sulfate medium are presented.

The purpose of the studies was to evaluate the possibility of using mechanically activated saponite-containing material (SCM) as an additional binder in cementitious binders of hydration type of hardening. According to the working hypothesis, the activated SCM is able to show the binding properties. To confirm this fact, the phase-structural heterogeneity investigation of the material was made. As a result, after mechanical dispersion the content of the amorphous phase increases by 2 times. Investigations of the microstructure of the binder samples with and without saponite showed that: in the first case, there are two types of crystals: spongy and needle. The SEM and IR spectroscopy data showed that when the additive is introduced, the formation of hydrolides of the tobermorite group is observed, which play the role of an additional binder in the cement hardening process.