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The choice of whether or not to preserve the uterus in the case of patients with urogenital prolapse who undergo sacral colpopexy is still debated. We compared objective and subjective outcomes of laparoscopic sacral hysteropexy (LSHP) and laparoscopic sacral colpopexy with concomitant supracervical hysterectomy (LSCP/SCH) in patients with symptomatic pelvic organ prolapse. This is a multicenter retrospective cohort study conducted at the Urogynecology Department of the Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS of Rome and at the Diaconesses Croix Saint Simon Hospital of Paris. We collected data of 136 patients; 78 underwent LSHP and 58 underwent LSCP/SCH for pelvic organ prolapse between January 2016 and December 2017. Patients of the two groups had similar preoperative characteristics. All patients completed 24-month follow-up evaluation. Overall, anatomical cure rate was 84.6% and 87.9% in the LSHP group and LSCP/SCH group, respectively, without statistically significant differences. In particular, in the LSHP group the anatomical success rate was 94.9%, 92.3% and 92.3% for the apical, anterior and posterior vaginal compartment whereas in the LSHP group LSCP/SCH was 100%, 91.4% and 94.8%, respectively. Subjective success rate was 89.7% among patients who underwent LSHP and 93.1% among women who underwent LSCP/SCH (p = 0.494). The median operative time (OT) was significantly shorter in LSHP. There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of estimated blood loss, conversion to laparotomy and intra- and postoperative complications. Patients’ satisfaction was high in both groups without statistical differences. Both laparoscopic procedures are safe and effective in the treatment of pelvic organ prolapse. LSHP can be offered as an alternative in women who are strongly motivated to preserve the uterus in the absence of abnormal uterine findings.

Objective Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) recurrence in transvaginal mesh surgery patients has become increasingly common, due to widespread mesh use before the FDA alert. The aim was to assess feasibility, effectiveness and safety of laparoscopic sacral colpopexy (LSCP) in recurrent POP after previous vaginal surgery with polypropylene mesh. Study design Medical records of 20 patients with ≥ stage 2 POP recurrence, who underwent LSCP from January 2015 to July 2018, were retrospectively analyzed in a monocentric observational study. We analyzed operative time, intraoperative complications – defined as bowel, bladder, ureteral, or vascular injuries, post-operative complications - assessed with Clavien–Dindo’s classification, and postoperative patient satisfaction - evaluated with the Patient Global Impression of Improvement questionnaire. Pre- and postoperative data were compared using t-test. Results All women presented apical prolapse recurrence regardless of mesh type implanted and most of them involved the posterior compartment. No perioperative complications or cases of mesh extrusion, de novo urinary stress, urge incontinence, dyspareunia were recorded. At 12-month follow-up the POP-Q examinations demonstrated a statistically significant improvement of all parameters with a complete resolution of bulge, voiding and storage symptoms in all patients. Conclusion LSCP suggests safety, feasible and efficacy in the treatment of recurrent POP after prior transvaginal polypropylene mesh surgery. We suggest to conduct a prospective research with larger sample size to gain further insights.

Introduction/Background* Ovarian cancer is the third most frequent gynecological cancer. In early stage ovarian cancer (ESOC) comprehensive surgical staging is recommended. Surgical staging is traditionally approached by laparotomy, although minimally invasive surgery can be a valid alternative in selected patients. This study aims to analyze the surgical and oncological outcomes of these three different approaches in a large series of patients. Methodology We retrospectively included all histologically proven ESOC cases treated between January 2014 and December 2017. ESOC was defined as stage IA to IIB according to the 2018 FIGO staging system. Subjects were divided into groups 1, 2, and 3, based on the surgical approach (open abdominal, laparoscopic, or robotic, respectively). Result(s)* Within patients enrolled during the study period, 455 met the inclusion criteria. No difference in intraoperative complications was recorded in the three groups (p=0.709). Conversely, a significant difference occurred in postoperative complications (16.2% vs. 3.8% vs. 11.1%, in groups 1, 2, and 3 respectively, p=0.004). No difference was found in overall survival (OS) (32 vs. 31 vs. 25 months, p=0.481) and disease-free survival (DFS) (26 vs. 29 vs. 24 months, p=0.178) in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. At univariate analysis FIGO stage I (p=0.004) showed a lower recurrence rate compared to FIGO stage II. Conclusion* No significant difference was found in OS and DFS among the three groups (open, laparoscopic, and robotic). The minimally invasive approach showed lower rate of complications than the laparotomic one, thus it should be preferred in selected patients.

BACKGROUND We compared surgical outcome of sacral colpopexy (SCP) performed with the most recent minimally invasive surgery such as 3-mm laparoscopy (Mini-LPS), percutaneous system (PSS), standard laparoscopy (LPS), and robotic surgery. METHODS This is a multicenter retrospective cohort study conducted at Urogynecological Department of the IRCCS A. Gemelli University Polyclinic Foundation in Rome and at the Gynecological Clinic of Maggiore della Carita Hospital in Novara, and of the Polyclinic of Abano. We collected data of 115 patients who underwent laparoscopic SCP for pelvic organ prolapse between June 2017 and June 2018 using PSS, Mini-LPS, standard LPS, and da Vinci Si. RESULTS Patients of all four groups had similar characteristics. The median operative time (OT) was significantly longer in robotic procedure compared to all other groups There were no significant differences between the four groups in terms of estimated blood loss, conversion to laparotomy, intraoperative complications and median postoperative ileus. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) at 4 hours was significantly less for Mini-LPS compared to the other techniques. VAS at 24 hours was higher for robotic procedures than other techniques. CONCLUSIONS Results rule out that minimize surgical invasiveness of laparoscopic techniques could bring improvements in SCP not only from a cosmetic point of view but also from a functional one without requiring longer OT and maintaining the same standard laparoscopic configuration. Even if robotic SCP is useful and safe because of its guarantee of efficiency, it cannot be considered the first choice for many women.

Introduction:Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death among gynecological malignancies. Its usual clinical manifestation is at advanced stages, with nutritional impairment, weight loss, and a consequent decline in skeletal muscle mass and strength (defined as sarcopenia). The relationship between sarcopenia and decreased survival was demonstrated not only in ovarian cancer but also in other cancer types, such as hepatocellular, pancreatic, lung, colon, cervical, metastatic breast, and renal cancer. The aim of this study is to review the current evidence regarding the relationship between sarcopenia and the surgical and oncological outcomes in ovarian cancer patients.Methods:The systematic search was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRSIMA) statement. The terms “SARCOPENIA” AND “OVARIAN CANCER” were systematically used to search PubMed and Scopus databases. Original reports in English language were identified, with the purpose to include all relevant papers regarding the role of sarcopenia and indicators of skeletal muscle quality assessment in gynecological ovarian cancer.Results:A total of 9 studies were considered eligible for the present review. The strength of recommendation was moderate and the level of evidence was low in all selected articles. No prospective studies were conducted and most of the papers were case-control series comparing ovarian cancer sarcopenic population vs. non sarcopenic population.Conclusion:Sarcopenia appears to have an important role in oncological outcomes of ovarian cancer patients. However, sarcopenia occurrence during disease history and mechanisms underlying the possible impairment in prognosis should be better investigated. Prospective trials are awaited in order to obtain a better insight in this topic.

Introduction Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most frequent gynecological cancer. Transvaginal ultrasound (TVU) plays a leading role in the pre-operative workup and often is the first diagnostic instrumental examination. Despite expert hands' ultrasound is recommended to assess myometrial invasion in early stage EC, this method is a strictly operator-dependent examination, and varying degrees of sensitivity and specificity have been reported. The present review aims to provide an update of ultrasound imaging in the preoperative work-up for EC patients. Evidence acquisition A double-blind search was performed from May to September 2020. The following keywords: 'ultrasound', 'transvaginal ultrasound', and 'endometrial cancer' were searched in Pubmed search engines, Scopus, and Web of Science. The Prisma statement was followed for the selection of the articles included. Evidence synthesis The initial search provided 958 studies, of which 11 were included in the analysis. Non-English articles, not relevant to the purposes of this study, case reports, and articles with fewer than 40 cases were excluded. Conclusions TVU sensitivity and specificity in myometrial infiltration and cervical invasion is comparable to MRI but has lower costs, greater patient tolerability, and does not require contrast agents. An expert operator should perform the ultrasound examination in patients with suspected EC The presence of myometrial lesions, such as leiomyomas, could lower the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound, so special attention should be paid to patients with concomitant uterine lesions.

Introduction/Background The therapeutic role of systematic pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy in surgical staging of apparent early-stage epithelial ovarian cancer (aeEOC) is still unclear. Recently, ESGO-ESMO consensus conference established that re-staging lymphadenectomy is not recommended if patients are due to receive adjuvant chemotherapy for high-risk eEOC. The aim of this study was to define the therapeutic role of systematic lymphadenectomy in patients with eEOC, who received complete adjuvant chemotherapy. Methodology Single-center retrospective cohort study with Institutional Review Board approval, comparing women with aeEOC who underwent no (NL) or inadequate lymphadenectomy (IL) versus patients receiving adequate systematic bilateral pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy (AL) (defined as ≥20 lymph-nodes). Inclusion criteria: epithelial ovarian carcinoma; no bulky (≥10 mm short axis) pelvic or para-aortic lymph nodes at CT-scan; complete intra-peritoneal surgical staging and adjuvant chemotherapy as follow: i) from 3 to 6 cycles of carboplatin/paclitaxel; ii) 6 cycles of carboplatin only. Results From January 2006 to December 2016, 570 patients with FIGO stage IA-IIIA1 ovarian cancer were found. Of these 409 were excluded. 161 patients met inclusion criteria. 51 underwent AL, 84 IL and 26 NL. Patients‘ and surgery’s characteristics are showed in table 1. Patients who underwent AL were younger (p=0.011) and had higher rate of severe post-operative complications (p=0.01). Median follow-up was 45 (41–48) months. 5-year progression-free survival was 78.1% and 66.0% HR (95% CI)=1.47(0.74–2.95) (log rank test p=0.268), and overall-survival was 96.3% and 88.7% HR (95% CI)=2.22 (0.64–7.73) (log rank test p=0.194), in IL/NL versus AL, respectively (figure 1). Conclusion Systematic lymphadenectomy in surgical staging of eEOC does not seem to have a therapeutic value and increases the rate of severe post-operative complications. However, results from an ongoing multicentric study, with larger number of cases, will draw definitive conclusions. Disclosure Nothing to disclose.

Background: Robotic platforms have recently acquired progressive importance in different surgical fields, such as urology, gynecology, and general surgery. Through the years, new surgical robots have become available as single-port robotic platform. The study is aimed to value the single-port robotic platform characteristics in different surgical specialties. Methods: The terms “LESS” OR “single port” OR “single site” AND “robot” OR “robotic” were systematically used to search the PubMed and Scopus databases. A total of 57 studies were considered eligible for the present review. The articles included were divided according to the surgical field in which the study was conducted: General surgery (29 articles), Gynecology (18 articles), Urology (10 articles). Results: Most part of the articles showed the feasibility of robotic single-port surgical procedures and described advantages in terms of cosmetic, hospital stay, and in some series even cost reduction. A meta-analysis was conducted, showing a significant increment of complications using RSP if compared with SLPS and a trend (P = 0.008) when RSP was compared with LESS. The comparison of different techniques in terms of conversion to laparotomy did not show any significant difference. Conclusion: Robotic single port potentially furnishes an important surgical and post-operatory improvement; however, some limits still prolong the surgical time and complication rate.

A hysterectomy for enlarged uteri is considered a challenge for gynaecologic surgeons, due to the limit of exposure to surgical spaces. Our objective is to investigate the different variables that may have an impact on the risk of conversion to open surgery. This is a retrospective cohort study consisting of 133 women who were submitted to surgery for uterine fibroids and who underwent total hysterectomy by laparoscopic approach attempt. The median uterus weight was 622 grams (range 301–3882) and the median maximum diameter of the bigger fibroid was 74 mm (range 33–148). We registered 13 (9.8%) cases of conversion to laparotomy. Minor and major post-operative complications were recorded in 4 (3%) and in 4 (3%) cases, respectively. After multivariable analysis, the surgeon’s experience (OR: 0.24; 95% CI: 0.06–0.94, p =.027) and a maximum diameter of the biggest fibroid ≥10 cm (4.7; 1.39–15.87; p =.046), but not the uterus weight were associated with the risk of conversion to open surgery.IMPACT STATEMENTWhat is already known on this subject? Laparoscopic procedures for enlarged uteri are well described in literature; however, the only parameters that have been studied for the success of a laparoscopic procedure have been the uterus weight and the surgeon’s experience. What do the results of this study add? This study aimed to value all the possible variables related to the successful of laparoscopic procedures; in fact, we investigated not only the uterine weight, but in our multivariate analysis, the position of the fibroids, the trocar’s setting, etc. were analysed. What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? This study reported novel data about the feasibility of laparoscopic hysterectomy for enlarged uteri. In opposition to the literature, the uterine weight is not a predictive value for laparotomic conversion. Moreover, we discussed the possible reasons of our novel findings. It opens new perspective to create a predictive value of laparoscopic feasibility for the different types of enlarged uteri.

The advantages of endoscopic procedures are well demonstrated in various surgical procedures. In this field, the technological improvement has been significant. One of the most relevant was made by the introduction of robotic surgery that, thanks to the instruments articulation and the precision of movement, made possible to perform even the most complex procedures. The terms "Alf-X" OR "Senhance" OR "robot" OR "robotic" were systematically used to search the PubMed and Scopus databases. The principal findings considered in the present review were: the study design, the number of patients included in each study, operative time, estimated blood loss (EBL), conversion rate to standard laparoscopy (SLPS) or laparotomy (LPT), post-operative complications, post-operative hospital stay, and the possible advantages and disadvantages reported by the authors of the studies. A total of eight studies were considered eligible for the present review. The average operative time for TH reported was 110-140 min. In two case-control studies, the operative time was significantly prolonged (P