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1. Drivers of nutrient intakes from fisheries in French Polynesia

Author: Mark Hamilton, Eva Maire, Charlotte Monteil, Vainehu Vane, Nicholas A. J. Graham, Victor Brun, James P. W. Robinson, Joachim Claudet, Valeriano Parravicini, and Christina C. Hicks
Subjects: Sebastian Villasante, Small-scale fisheries, coral reefs, marine resources, nutrition, Moorea, Human ecology. Anthropogeography, GF1-900, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract: ABSTRACTSmall-scale fisheries provide nutrients to hundreds of millions of people worldwide, with yields dependent on the condition of marine habitats such as coral reefs. Small-scale fisheries are a particularly important food source in societies with nutrient deficiencies and where unhealthy food alternatives are widely available. Using data from coral reef surveys around two islands in French Polynesia (Moorea and Raiatea), we show how the availability of nutrients to fisheries changed in relation to the condition of coral habitat. Fish biomass and nutrient availability were highest when coral cover was low around both islands, driven predominantly by abundant herbivorous reef fish. We also investigated the importance of fish in people’s diets, to determine if fish consumption was aligned with available fisheries resources on local reefs and if nutrient intakes from fish could be explained by people’s socioeconomic background. People ate a higher diversity of reef fish in Raiatea, however nutrient intakes from fish were higher in Moorea. Most people ate more fish than meat on both islands, however fish consumption declined over generations. People from fishing households had higher nutrient intakes from reef and pelagic fish, and people from farming households had higher intakes from reef fish. Preference for eating reef fish over pelagic fish was also associated with higher total nutrient intakes. Promoting traditional diets rich in fish could be key to meeting people’s nutritional needs in French Polynesia while reducing diet-related health issues linked to the overconsumption of fat. French and Tahitian versions of the Abstract are available in Supplementary Material.
Published: 2024
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2. Challenging trophic position assessments in complex ecosystems: Calculation method, choice of baseline, trophic enrichment factors, season and feeding guild do matter: A case study from Marquesas Islands coral reefs

Author: Yves Letourneur, Pauline Fey, Jan Dierking, René Galzin, and Valeriano Parravicini
Subjects: assessment methods, consumers, food webs, primary producers, trophic position, Ecology, QH540-549.5
Abstract: Abstract Assessments of ecosystem functioning are a fundamental ecological challenge and an essential foundation for ecosystem‐based management. Species trophic position (TP) is essential to characterize food web architecture. However, despite the intuitive nature of the concept, empirically estimating TP is a challenging task due to the complexity of trophic interaction networks. Various methods are proposed to assess TPs, including using different sources of organic matter at the base of the food web (the ‘baseline’). However, it is often not clear which methodological approach and which baseline choices are the most reliable. Using an ecosystem‐wide assessment of a tropical reef (Marquesas Islands, with available data for 70 coral reef invertebrate and fish species), we tested whether different commonly used TP estimation methods yield similar results and, if not, whether it is possible to identify the most reliable method. We found significant differences in TP estimates of up to 1.7 TPs for the same species, depending on the method and the baseline used. When using bulk stable isotope data, the choice of the baseline significantly impacted TP values. Indeed, while nitrogen stable isotope (δ15N) values of macroalgae led to consistent TP estimates, those using phytoplankton generated unrealistically low TP estimates. The use of a conventional enrichment factor (i.e. 3.4‰) or a ‘variable’ enrichment factor (i.e. according to feeding guilds) also produced clear discrepancies between TP estimates. TPs obtained with δ15N values of source amino acids (compound‐specific isotope analysis) were close to those assessed with macroalgae. An opposite seasonal pattern was found, with significantly lower TPs in winter than in summer for most species, with particularly pronounced differences for lower TP species. We use the observed differences to discuss possible drivers of the diverging TP estimates and the potential ecological implications.
Published: 2024
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3. Temperature, species identity and morphological traits predict carbonate excretion and mineralogy in tropical reef fishes

Author: Mattia Ghilardi, Michael A. Salter, Valeriano Parravicini, Sebastian C. A. Ferse, Tim Rixen, Christian Wild, Matthias Birkicht, Chris T. Perry, Alex Berry, Rod W. Wilson, David Mouillot, and Sonia Bejarano
Subjects: Science
Abstract: Marine fishes can substantially contribute to the inorganic carbon cycle through the excretion of intestinally precipitated carbonates, but the underlying drivers remain largely unknown. This study identifies the environmental factors and fish traits that predict carbonate excretion rate and mineralogical composition in tropical reef fishes.
Published: 2023
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4. Coral reef structural complexity loss exposes coastlines to waves

Author: Jérémy Carlot, Michalis Vousdoukas, Alessio Rovere, Theofanis Karambas, Hunter S. Lenihan, Mohsen Kayal, Mehdi Adjeroud, Gonzalo Pérez-Rosales, Laetitia Hedouin, and Valeriano Parravicini
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Abstract Coral reefs offer natural coastal protection by attenuating incoming waves. Here we combine unique coral disturbance-recovery observations with hydrodynamic models to quantify how structural complexity dissipates incoming wave energy. We find that if the structural complexity of healthy coral reefs conditions is halved, extreme wave run-up heights that occur once in a 100-years will become 50 times more frequent, threatening reef-backed coastal communities with increased waves, erosion, and flooding.
Published: 2023
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5. Using a multi-criteria decision-matrix framework to assess the recovery potential of coral reefs in the South Western Indian Ocean

Author: Florian Jouval, Mehdi Adjeroud, Anne Catherine Latreille, Lionel Bigot, Sophie Bureau, Pascale Chabanet, Patrick Durville, Simon Elise, David Obura, Valeriano Parravicini, François Guilhaumon, Simon Brandl, Jérémy Carlot, and Lucie Penin
Subjects: Coral reefs, Resilience, Indicators, TOPSIS, South Western Indian Ocean, Ecology, QH540-549.5
Abstract: Over the last two decades, coral reefs have experienced dire declines due to intensifying anthropogenic disturbances and climate change. Defining and quantifying coral reef resilience now represents a critical management objective, but there is still little consensus on the approach and the indices to be used. In this study, we develop a multi-factor reef recovery index based on the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method to assess the vulnerability of several insular coral reefs in the South Western Indian Ocean (SWIO) from 2016 to 2018. We showed, that in the wake of a regional bleaching event in 2016, the most isolated reefs of Europa, which is characterized by low direct human impact had the highest recovery potential. On the contrary, islands that are more prone to direct human influence (i.e., La Reunion and Rodrigues) displayed the lowest recovery potential.
Published: 2023
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6. Ecological dependencies make remote reef fish communities most vulnerable to coral loss

Author: Giovanni Strona, Pieter S. A. Beck, Mar Cabeza, Simone Fattorini, François Guilhaumon, Fiorenza Micheli, Simone Montano, Otso Ovaskainen, Serge Planes, Joseph A. Veech, and Valeriano Parravicini
Subjects: Science
Abstract: Coral reefs face both local and global stressors. Here, the authors show how a positive relationship between distance from human settlements and ecological specialisation makes remote coral reef fish communities more vulnerable to coral loss.
Published: 2021
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7. Phylogeny, body morphology, and trophic level shape intestinal traits in coral reef fishes

Author: Mattia Ghilardi, Nina M. D. Schiettekatte, Jordan M. Casey, Simon J. Brandl, Samuel Degregori, Alexandre Mercière, Fabien Morat, Yves Letourneur, Sonia Bejarano, and Valeriano Parravicini
Subjects: Bayesian phylogenetic comparative method, convergent evolution, digestive traits, evolutionary conservatism, fish diet, gut length, Ecology, QH540-549.5
Abstract: Abstract Trait‐based approaches are increasingly used to study species assemblages and understand ecosystem functioning. The strength of these approaches lies in the appropriate choice of functional traits that relate to the functions of interest. However, trait–function relationships are often supported by weak empirical evidence. Processes related to digestion and nutrient assimilation are particularly challenging to integrate into trait‐based approaches. In fishes, intestinal length is commonly used to describe these functions. Although there is broad consensus concerning the relationship between fish intestinal length and diet, evolutionary and environmental forces have shaped a diversity of intestinal morphologies that is not captured by length alone. Focusing on coral reef fishes, we investigate how evolutionary history and ecology shape intestinal morphology. Using a large dataset encompassing 142 species across 31 families collected in French Polynesia, we test how phylogeny, body morphology, and diet relate to three intestinal morphological traits: intestinal length, diameter, and surface area. We demonstrate that phylogeny, body morphology, and trophic level explain most of the interspecific variability in fish intestinal morphology. Despite the high degree of phylogenetic conservatism, taxonomically unrelated herbivorous fishes exhibit similar intestinal morphology due to adaptive convergent evolution. Furthermore, we show that stomachless, durophagous species have the widest intestines to compensate for the lack of a stomach and allow passage of relatively large undigested food particles. Rather than traditionally applied metrics of intestinal length, intestinal surface area may be the most appropriate trait to characterize intestinal morphology in functional studies.
Published: 2021
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8. Multi-trophic markers illuminate the understanding of the functioning of a remote, low coral cover Marquesan coral reef food web

Author: Pauline Fey, Valeriano Parravicini, Daniela Bănaru, Jan Dierking, René Galzin, Benoit Lebreton, Tarik Meziane, Nicholas V. C. Polunin, Mayalen Zubia, and Yves Letourneur
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Abstract We studied the food web structure and functioning of a coral reef ecosystem in the Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia, characterized by low coral cover, high sea surface temperature and meso- to eutrophic waters. The Marquesas constitute a relevant ecosystem to understand the functioning of low diversity reefs that are also subject to global change. A multi-tracer assessment of organic matter pathways was run to delineate ecosystem functioning, using analysis of fatty acids, bulk and compound specific stable isotope analysis and stable isotopes mixing models. Macroalgae and phytoplankton were the two major food sources fueling this food web with, however, some marked seasonal variations. Specifically, zooplankton relied on phytoplankton-derived organic matter and herbivorous fishes on macroalgae-derived organic matter to a much higher extent in summer than in winter (~ 75% vs. ~ 15%, and ~ 70 to 75% vs. ~ 5 to 15%, respectively) . Despite remarkably high δ15N values for all trophic compartments, likely due to local dynamics in the nitrogen stock, trophic levels of consumers were similar to those of other coral reef ecosystems. These findings shed light on the functioning of low coral cover systems, which are expected to expand worldwide under global change.
Published: 2021
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9. Phylogenetic conservatism drives nutrient dynamics of coral reef fishes

Author: Jacob E. Allgeier, Brian C. Weeks, Katrina S. Munsterman, Nina Wale, Seth J. Wenger, Valeriano Parravicini, Nina M. D. Schiettekatte, Sébastien Villéger, and Deron E. Burkepile
Subjects: Science
Abstract: The relative importance of evolutionary history and ecology for traits that drive ecosystem processes is poorly understood. Analyzing nine traits associated with fish stoichiometry from 1,572 individuals yields multiple lines of evidence that phylogeny is a critical determinant of nutrient cycling in coral reefs.
Published: 2021
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10. Combining stereo‐video monitoring and physiological trials to estimate reef fish metabolic demands in the wild

Author: Nina M. D. Schiettekatte, Francesca Conte, Beverly French, Simon J. Brandl, Christopher J. Fulton, Alexandre Mercière, Tommy Norin, Sébastien Villéger, and Valeriano Parravicini
Subjects: activity, activity scope, field metabolic rate, fish, metabolic scaling, metabolism, Ecology, QH540-549.5
Abstract: Abstract Organismal metabolic rates (MRs) are the basis of energy and nutrient fluxes through ecosystems. In the marine realm, fishes are some of the most prominent consumers. However, their metabolic demand in the wild (field MR [FMR]) is poorly documented, because it is challenging to measure directly. Here, we introduce a novel approach to estimating the component of FMR associated with voluntary activity (i.e., the field active MR [AMRfield]). Our approach combines laboratory‐based respirometry, swimming speeds, and field‐based stereo‐video systems to estimate the activity of individuals. We exemplify our approach by focusing on six coral reef fish species, for which we quantified standard MR and maximum MR (SMR and MMR, respectively) in the laboratory, and body sizes and swimming speeds in the field. Based on the relationships between MR, body size, and swimming speeds, we estimate that the activity scope (i.e., the ratio between AMRfield and SMR) varies from 1.2 to 3.2 across species and body sizes. Furthermore, we illustrate that the scaling exponent for AMRfield varies across species and can substantially exceed the widely assumed value of 0.75 for SMR. Finally, by scaling organismal AMRfield estimates to the assemblage level, we show the potential effect of this variability on community metabolic demand. Our approach may improve our ability to estimate elemental fluxes mediated by a critically important group of aquatic animals through a non‐destructive, widely applicable technique.
Published: 2022
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11. Mesophotic coral communities escape thermal coral bleaching in French Polynesia

Author: Gonzalo Pérez-Rosales, Héloïse Rouzé, Gergely Torda, Pim Bongaerts, Michel Pichon, Valeriano Parravicini, and Laetitia Hédouin
Subjects: coral bleaching, mesophotic coral communities, spatial refuge, climate change, French Polynesia, Science
Abstract: Climate change and consequent coral bleaching are causing the disappearance of reef-building corals worldwide. While bleaching episodes significantly impact shallow waters, little is known about their impact on mesophotic coral communities. We studied the prevalence of coral bleaching two to three months after a heat stress event, along an extreme depth range from 6 to 90 m in French Polynesia. Bayesian modelling showed a decreasing probability of bleaching of all coral genera over depth, with little to no bleaching observed at lower mesophotic depths (greater than or equal to 60 m). We found that depth-generalist corals benefit more from increasing depth than depth-specialists (corals with a narrow depth range). Our data suggest that the reduced prevalence of bleaching with depth, especially from shallow to upper mesophotic depths (40 m), had a stronger relation with the light-irradiance attenuation than temperature. While acknowledging the geographical and temporal variability of the role of mesophotic reefs as spatial refuges during thermal stress, we ought to understand why coral bleaching reduces with depth. Future studies should consider repeated monitoring and detailed ecophysiological and environmental data. Our study demonstrated how increasing depth may offer a level of protection and that lower mesophotic communities could escape the impacts of a thermal bleaching event.
Published: 2021
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12. Delineating reef fish trophic guilds with global gut content data synthesis and phylogeny.

Author: Valeriano Parravicini, Jordan M Casey, Nina M D Schiettekatte, Simon J Brandl, Chloé Pozas-Schacre, Jérémy Carlot, Graham J Edgar, Nicholas A J Graham, Mireille Harmelin-Vivien, Michel Kulbicki, Giovanni Strona, and Rick D Stuart-Smith
Subjects: Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: Understanding species' roles in food webs requires an accurate assessment of their trophic niche. However, it is challenging to delineate potential trophic interactions across an ecosystem, and a paucity of empirical information often leads to inconsistent definitions of trophic guilds based on expert opinion, especially when applied to hyperdiverse ecosystems. Using coral reef fishes as a model group, we show that experts disagree on the assignment of broad trophic guilds for more than 20% of species, which hampers comparability across studies. Here, we propose a quantitative, unbiased, and reproducible approach to define trophic guilds and apply recent advances in machine learning to predict probabilities of pairwise trophic interactions with high accuracy. We synthesize data from community-wide gut content analyses of tropical coral reef fishes worldwide, resulting in diet information from 13,961 individuals belonging to 615 reef fish. We then use network analysis to identify 8 trophic guilds and Bayesian phylogenetic modeling to show that trophic guilds can be predicted based on phylogeny and maximum body size. Finally, we use machine learning to test whether pairwise trophic interactions can be predicted with accuracy. Our models achieved a misclassification error of less than 5%, indicating that our approach results in a quantitative and reproducible trophic categorization scheme, as well as high-resolution probabilities of trophic interactions. By applying our framework to the most diverse vertebrate consumer group, we show that it can be applied to other organismal groups to advance reproducibility in trait-based ecology. Our work thus provides a viable approach to account for the complexity of predator-prey interactions in highly diverse ecosystems.
Published: 2020
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13. Author Correction: Multi-trophic markers illuminate the understanding of the functioning of a remote, low coral cover Marquesan coral reef food web

Author: Pauline Fey, Valeriano Parravicini, Daniela Bănaru, Jan Dierking, René Galzin, Benoit Lebreton, Tarik Meziane, Nicholas V. C. Polunin, Mayalen Zubia, and Yves Letourneur
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Published: 2021
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14. Global mismatch between fishing dependency and larval supply from marine reserves

Author: Marco Andrello, François Guilhaumon, Camille Albouy, Valeriano Parravicini, Joeri Scholtens, Philippe Verley, Manuel Barange, U. Rashid Sumaila, Stéphanie Manel, and David Mouillot
Subjects: Science
Abstract: The effectiveness of marine reserves relies on whether they supply substantial recruitment outside their boundaries. Here, Andrello and colleagues use models of larval fish dispersal to show that countries most dependent on coastal fisheries receive the lowest larval supplies from marine reserves.
Published: 2017
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15. Plate tectonics drive tropical reef biodiversity dynamics

Author: Fabien Leprieur, Patrice Descombes, Théo Gaboriau, Peter F. Cowman, Valeriano Parravicini, Michel Kulbicki, Carlos J. Melián, Charles N. de Santana, Christian Heine, David Mouillot, David R. Bellwood, and Loïc Pellissier
Subjects: Science
Abstract: Over a geological timescale, plate tectonics are thought to promote biodiversity, but this link remained descriptive. Here, Leprieur et al. model dynamically how plate tectonics shaped species diversification and movement of hotspots on tropical reefs over the past 140 million years.
Published: 2016
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16. The Challenge of Managing Marine Biodiversity: A Practical Toolkit for a Cartographic, Territorial Approach

Author: Carla Morri, Monica Montefalcone, Alessio Rovere, Valeriano Parravicini, and Carlo Nike Bianchi
Subjects: integrated coastal zone management, natural emergencies, weighted vulnerability, environmental quality, susceptibility to use, marine protected areas, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: An approach to the management of marine biodiversity was developed based on two levels of environmental diagnostics: (1) the characterization (to identify types), and (2) the evaluation (to define status and values). Both levels involve the production of maps, namely: (i) morphobathymetry and sedimentology; (ii) habitats; (iii) natural emergencies; (iv) degradation and risk; (v) weighted vulnerability; (vi) environmental quality; and, (vii) susceptibility to use. A general methodological aspect that must be stated first is the need of dividing the mapped area in territorial units corresponding to submultiples of the UTM grid and having different sizes according to the scale adopted. Territorial units (grid cells) are assigned to one of five classes of evaluation, ranging from high necessity of conservation or protection to non-problematic, unimportant or already compromised (according to the specific map) situations. Depending on the scale, these maps are suited for territorial planning (small scales, allowing for a synoptic view) or for administration and decision making (large scales, providing detail on local situations and problems). Mapping should be periodically repeated (diachronic cartography) to assure an efficient tool for integrated coastal zone management.
Published: 2012
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17. Seafloor integrity down the harbor waterfront: the coralligenous shoals off Vado Ligure (NW Mediterranean)

Author: Giulia Gatti, Monica Montefalcone, Alessio Rovere, Valeriano Parravicini, Carla Morri, Giancarlo Albertelli, and Carlo Nike Bianchi
Subjects: Seascape, coralligenous, ecological quality status, Rapid Visual Assessment technique, Mediterranean Sea, Ecology, QH540-549.5
Abstract: In the last ten years, European Directives stressed the necessity to assess the ecological status of marine habitats by means of ecosystem or landscape indicators, rather than just species or chemical ones. In this paper, the seascape approach to characterise and assess the ecological quality of coralligenous rocky shoals of Vado Ligure (Savona, Italy) is introduced. This approach integrates biological, mesological and geomorphological information collected with a Rapid Visual Assessment technique (RVA). The RVA also optimised underwater operations in deep waters where coralligenous reefs usually develop and provided a sufficient amount of data collected by direct inspection. The seascape approach results are appropriate for the characterisation of the coralligenous shoals studied and for the assessment of their ecological quality. The quality of the assemblages was in general low, mainly due to high sedimentary stress; however, some exceptions showing a high ecological quality indicate that, with proper manage- ment tools, they would still have good potentialities of recovery.
Published: 2012
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18. Ecological change, sliding baselines and the importance of historical data: lessons from Combining [corrected] observational and quantitative data on a temperate reef over 70 years.

Author: Giulia Gatti, Carlo Nike Bianchi, Valeriano Parravicini, Alessio Rovere, Andrea Peirano, Monica Montefalcone, Francesco Massa, and Carla Morri
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Understanding the effects of environmental change on ecosystems requires the identification of baselines that may act as reference conditions. However, the continuous change of these references challenges our ability to define the true natural status of ecosystems. The so-called sliding baseline syndrome can be overcome through the analysis of quantitative time series, which are, however, extremely rare. Here we show how combining historical quantitative data with descriptive 'naturalistic' information arranged in a chronological chain allows highlighting long-term trends and can be used to inform present conservation schemes. We analysed the long-term change of a coralligenous reef, a marine habitat endemic to the Mediterranean Sea. The coralligenous assemblages of Mesco Reef (Ligurian Sea, NW Mediterranean) have been studied, although discontinuously, since 1937 thus making available both detailed descriptive information and scanty quantitative data: while the former was useful to understand the natural history of the ecosystem, the analysis of the latter was of paramount importance to provide a formal measure of change over time. Epibenthic assemblages remained comparatively stable until the 1990s, when species replacement, invasion by alien algae, and biotic homogenisation occurred within few years, leading to a new and completely different ecosystem state. The shift experienced by the coralligenous assemblages of Mesco Reef was probably induced by a combination of seawater warming and local human pressures, the latter mainly resulting in increased water turbidity; in turn, cumulative stress may have favoured the establishment of alien species. This study showed that the combined analysis of quantitative and descriptive historical data represent a precious knowledge to understand ecosystem trends over time and provide help to identify baselines for ecological management.
Published: 2015
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19. Conserving biodiversity in a human-dominated world: degradation of marine sessile communities within a protected area with conflicting human uses.

Author: Valeriano Parravicini, Fiorenza Micheli, Monica Montefalcone, Carla Morri, Elisa Villa, Michela Castellano, Paolo Povero, and Carlo Nike Bianchi
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Conservation research aims at understanding whether present protection schemes are adequate for the maintenance of ecosystems structure and function across time. We evaluated long-term variation in rocky reef communities by comparing sites surveyed in 1993 and again in 2008. This research took place in Tigullio Gulf, an emblematic case study where various conservation measures, including a marine protected area, have been implemented to manage multiple human uses. Contrary to our prediction that protection should have favored ecosystem stability, we found that communities subjected to conservation measures (especially within the marine protected area) exhibited the greatest variation toward architectural complexity loss. Between 1993 and 2008, chronic anthropogenic pressures (especially organic load) that had already altered unprotected sites in 1993 expanded their influence into protected areas. This expansion of human pressure likely explains our observed changes in the benthic communities. Our results suggest that adaptive ecosystem-based management (EBM), that is management taking into account human interactions, informed by continuous monitoring, is needed in order to attempt reversing the current trend towards less architecturally complex communities. Protected areas are not sufficient to stop ecosystem alteration by pressures coming from outside. Monitoring, and consequent management actions, should therefore extend to cover the relevant scales of those pressures.
Published: 2013
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20. Global biogeography of reef fishes: a hierarchical quantitative delineation of regions.

Author: Michel Kulbicki, Valeriano Parravicini, David R Bellwood, Ernesto Arias-Gonzàlez, Pascale Chabanet, Sergio R Floeter, Alan Friedlander, Jana McPherson, Robert E Myers, Laurent Vigliola, and David Mouillot
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Delineating regions is an important first step in understanding the evolution and biogeography of faunas. However, quantitative approaches are often limited at a global scale, particularly in the marine realm. Reef fishes are the most diversified group of marine fishes, and compared to most other phyla, their taxonomy and geographical distributions are relatively well known. Based on 169 checklists spread across all tropical oceans, the present work aims to quantitatively delineate biogeographical entities for reef fishes at a global scale. Four different classifications were used to account for uncertainty related to species identification and the quality of checklists. The four classifications delivered converging results, with biogeographical entities that can be hierarchically delineated into realms, regions and provinces. All classifications indicated that the Indo-Pacific has a weak internal structure, with a high similarity from east to west. In contrast, the Atlantic and the Eastern Tropical Pacific were more strongly structured, which may be related to the higher levels of endemism in these two realms. The "Coral Triangle", an area of the Indo-Pacific which contains the highest species diversity for reef fishes, was not clearly delineated by its species composition. Our results show a global concordance with recent works based upon endemism, environmental factors, expert knowledge, or their combination. Our quantitative delineation of biogeographical entities, however, tests the robustness of the results and yields easily replicated patterns. The similarity between our results and those from other phyla, such as corals, suggests that our approach may be of broad utility in describing and understanding global marine biodiversity patterns.
Published: 2013
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21. Biological trade-offs underpin coral reef ecosystem functioning

Author: Nina M. D. Schiettekatte, Simon J. Brandl, Jordan M. Casey, Nicholas A. J. Graham, Diego R. Barneche, Deron E. Burkepile, Jacob E. Allgeier, Jesús E. Arias-Gonzaléz, Graham J. Edgar, Carlos E. L. Ferreira, Sergio R. Floeter, Alan M. Friedlander, Alison L. Green, Michel Kulbicki, Yves Letourneur, Osmar J. Luiz, Alexandre Mercière, Fabien Morat, Katrina S. Munsterman, Enrico L. Rezende, Fabian A. Rodríguez‐Zaragoza, Rick D. Stuart-Smith, Laurent Vigliola, Sébastien Villéger, Valeriano Parravicini, Centre de recherches insulaires et observatoire de l'environnement (CRIOBE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Queen's University [Kingston, Canada], Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), Marine Science Institute [Santa Barbara] (MSI), University of California [Santa Barbara] (UC Santa Barbara), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System, University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS), Universidade Federal Fluminense [Rio de Janeiro] (UFF), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina = Federal University of Santa Catarina [Florianópolis] (UFSC), University of Hawaii, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Ouest]), Ecologie marine tropicale des océans Pacifique et Indien (ENTROPIE [Nouvelle-Calédonie]), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie])-Ifremer - Nouvelle-Calédonie, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC), Charles Darwin University [Australia], Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditérranéens (CEFREM), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology [Santa Barbara] (EEMB), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (UC), Universidad de Guadalajara, MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), and ANR-17-CE32-0006,REEFLUX,Flux d'énergie au sein des récifs coralliens: une perspective basée sur les vertébrés(2017)
Subjects: [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Ecology, Coral Reefs, Climate Change, Animals, Biodiversity, Biomass, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Ecosystem, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography
Abstract: International audience; Human impact increasingly alters global ecosystems, often reducing biodiversity and disrupting the provision of essential ecosystem services to humanity. Therefore, preserving ecosystem functioning is a critical challenge of the twenty-first century. Coral reefs are declining worldwide due to the pervasive effects of climate change and intensive fishing, and although research on coral reef ecosystem functioning has gained momentum, most studies rely on simplified proxies, such as fish biomass. This lack of quantitative assessments of multiple process-based ecosystem functions hinders local and regional conservation efforts. Here we combine global coral reef fish community surveys and bioenergetic models to quantify five key ecosystem functions mediated by coral reef fishes. We show that functions exhibit critical trade-offs driven by varying community structures, such that no community can maximize all functions. Furthermore, functions are locally dominated by few species, but the identity of dominant species substantially varies at the global scale. In fact, half of the 1,110 species in our dataset are functionally dominant in at least one location. Our results reinforce the need for a nuanced, locally tailored approach to coral reef conservation that considers multiple ecological functions beyond the effect of standing stock biomass.
Published: 2022

22. Phylogenetic conservatism drives nutrient dynamics of coral reef fishes

Author: Jacob Allgeier, Brian Weeks, Katrina Munsterman, Seth Wenger, Nina Wale, Valeriano Parravicini, Nina Schiettekatte, Sébastien Villéger, and Deron E. Burkepile
Abstract: A predictive understanding of ecological processes requires identifying the factors that explain variation in the organismal traits that drive these processes. Integrating evolutionary history and ecology has been shown to be essential to understand variation in traits that determine species interactions in community ecology. However, the extent to which these factors determine traits relevant for ecosystem dynamics (and thus ecosystem ecology) is poorly understood. Nutrient cycling is essential for reef ecosystem dynamics, and consumers are critical drivers of this process. We use a dataset of nine consumer “chemical traits” (e.g., body nutrient content and nutrient excretion rates) associated with nutrient cycling, collected from 1,572 individual coral reef fish (178 species spanning 41 families) in two biogeographic regions, the Caribbean and Polynesia, to quantify the relative importance of phylogenetic history and ecological context as a driver of chemical trait variation on coral reefs. We find: (1) phylogenetic history is a better predictor of variation in all chemical traits, overwhelming the influence of ecological factors, (2) phylogenetic conservatism in chemical traits is greater in the Caribbean than Polynesia, where our data suggests that ecological forces may have a greater influence on chemical trait variation, and (3) differences in chemical traits between regions can be explained by differences in nutrient limitation associated with our study locations. Our study provides multiple lines of evidence that phylogenetic conservatism is a critical determinant of contemporary nutrient dynamics on coral reefs. More broadly our findings highlight the utility of evolutionary history to improve prediction in ecosystem ecology.
Published: 2022

23. Nutrient limitation, bioenergetics and stoichiometry: A new model to predict elemental fluxes mediated by fishes

Author: Valeriano Parravicini, Jordan M. Casey, Jacob E. Allgeier, Nina M. D. Schiettekatte, Sébastien Villéger, Alexandre Mercière, Simon J. Brandl, Diego R. Barneche, Katrina S. Munsterman, Fabien Morat, Deron E. Burkepile, Centre de recherches insulaires et observatoire de l'environnement (CRIOBE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Excellence CORAIL (LabEX CORAIL), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC)-Institut d'écologie et environnement-Université des Antilles (UA), Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), College of Life and Environmental Sciences [Exeter], University of Exeter, The University of Western Australia (UWA), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System, Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology [Santa Barbara] (EEMB), University of California [Santa Barbara] (UCSB), University of California-University of California, Department of Biological Sciences [Burnaby], Simon Fraser University (SFU.ca), Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut d'écologie et environnement-Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), University of California [Santa Barbara] (UC Santa Barbara), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), and ANR-17-CE32-0006,REEFLUX,Flux d'énergie au sein des récifs coralliens: une perspective basée sur les vertébrés(2017)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Nutrient cycle, Bioenergetics, Biome, Biology, bioenergetics, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, nitrogen, Nutrient, Energy flow, [SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, phosphorus, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Trophic level, fish, nutrient limitation, Aquatic ecosystem, nutrient cycling, stoichiometry, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, ingestion, excretion, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; 1. Energy flow and nutrient cycling dictate the functional role of organisms in ecosystems. Fishes are key vectors of carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in aquatic systems, and the quantification of elemental fluxes is often achieved by coupling bioenergetics and stoichiometry. While nutrient limitation has been accounted for in several stoichiometric models, there is no current implementation that permits its incorporation into a bioenergetics approach to predict ingestion rates. This may lead to biased estimates of elemental fluxes.2. Here, we introduce a theoretical framework that combines stoichiometry and bioenergetics with explicit consideration of elemental limitations. We examine varying elemental limitations across different trophic groups and life stages through a case study of three trophically distinct reef fishes. Further, we empirically validate our model using an independent database of measured excretion rates.3. Our model adequately predicts elemental fluxes in the examined species and reveals species‐ and size‐specific limitations of C, N and P. In line with theoretical predictions, we demonstrate that the herbivore Zebrasoma scopas is limited by N and P, and all three fish species are limited by P in early life stages. Further, we show that failing to account for nutrient limitation can result in a greater than twofold underestimation of ingestion rates, which leads to severely biased excretion rates.4. Our model improved predictions of ingestion, excretion and egestion rates across all life stages, especially for fishes with diets low in N and/or P. Due to its broad applicability, its reliance on many parameters that are well‐defined and widely accessible, and its straightforward implementation via the accompanying r‐package fishflux, our model provides a user‐friendly path towards a better understanding of ecosystem‐wide nutrient cycling in the aquatic biome.
Published: 2020

24. Multi-trophic markers illuminate the understanding of the functioning of a remote, low coral cover Marquesan coral reef food web

Author: Nicholas Polunin, Pauline Fey, Jan Dierking, Daniela Bănaru, Yves Letourneur, Mayalen Zubia, Tarik Meziane, Valeriano Parravicini, Benoit Lebreton, R. Galzin, Ecologie marine tropicale des océans Pacifique et Indien (ENTROPIE [Nouvelle-Calédonie]), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie])-Ifremer - Nouvelle-Calédonie, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC), Centre de recherches insulaires et observatoire de l'environnement (CRIOBE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research [Kiel] (GEOMAR), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Natural and Environmental Sciences ( Newcastle University), Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (UMR 241) (EIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Ifremer - Nouvelle-Calédonie, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie])-Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC), CRIOBE, PSL Research University, USR 3278 EPHE-CNRS-UPVD, LabEx « Corail », Université de Perpignan, LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and UMR EIO (UPF-IRD-ILM-IFREMER), Université de La Polynésie Française
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Science, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Zooplankton, Article, Phytoplankton, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, Reef, Isotope analysis, Trophic level, geography, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Coral reef, 15. Life on land, Food web, Ocean sciences, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Environmental science, Medicine, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: We studied the food web structure and functioning of a coral reef ecosystem in the Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia, characterized by low coral cover, high sea surface temperature and meso- to eutrophic waters. The Marquesas constitute a relevant ecosystem to understand the functioning of low diversity reefs that are also subject to global change. A multi-tracer assessment of organic matter pathways was run to delineate ecosystem functioning, using analysis of fatty acids, bulk and compound specific stable isotope analysis and stable isotopes mixing models. Macroalgae and phytoplankton were the two major food sources fueling this food web with, however, some marked seasonal variations. Specifically, zooplankton relied on phytoplankton-derived organic matter and herbivorous fishes on macroalgae-derived organic matter to a much higher extent in summer than in winter (~ 75% vs. ~ 15%, and ~ 70 to 75% vs. ~ 5 to 15%, respectively) . Despite remarkably high δ15N values for all trophic compartments, likely due to local dynamics in the nitrogen stock, trophic levels of consumers were similar to those of other coral reef ecosystems. These findings shed light on the functioning of low coral cover systems, which are expected to expand worldwide under global change.
Published: 2021

25. Congruent trophic pathways underpin global coral reef food webs

Author: Michel Kulbicki, Valeriano Parravicini, Simon J. Brandl, Mireille Harmelin-Vivien, Chloé Pozas-Schacre, Jordan M. Casey, Giovanni Strona, Doctoral Programme in Wildlife Biology, Ecological Data Science, and Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, MUTUALISTIC NETWORKS, Resource (biology), Food Chain, interaction network, Biodiversity, REDUNDANCY, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, NODE OVERLAP, Predation, Animals, 14. Life underwater, Biomass, 1172 Environmental sciences, Ecosystem, Trophic level, VULNERABILITY, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, food web, Critical pathways, Ecology, Coral Reefs, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, FISH COMMUNITIES, Fishes, Coral reef, 15. Life on land, Biological Sciences, Food web, Diet, MODEL, Geography, SIZE, Predatory Behavior, 1181 Ecology, evolutionary biology, coral reef, Species richness, MARINE
Abstract: Ecological interactions uphold ecosystem structure and functioning. However, as species richness increases, the number of possible interactions rises exponentially. More than 6,000 species of coral reef fishes exist across the world's tropical oceans, resulting in an almost innumerable array of possible trophic interactions. Distilling general patterns in these interactions across different bioregions stands to improve our understanding of the processes that govern coral reef functioning. Here, we show that across bioregions, tropical coral reef food webs exhibit a remarkable congruence in their trophic interactions. Specifically, by compiling and investigating the structure of six coral reef food webs across distinct bioregions, we show that when accounting for consumer size and resource availability, these food webs share more trophic interactions than expected by chance. In addition, coral reef food webs are dominated by dietary specialists, which makes trophic pathways vulnerable to biodiversity loss. Prey partitioning among these specialists is geographically consistent, and this pattern intensifies when weak interactions are disregarded. Our results suggest that energy flows through coral reef communities along broadly comparable trophic pathways. Yet, these critical pathways are maintained by species with narrow, specialized diets, which threatens the existence of coral reef functioning in the face of biodiversity loss.
Published: 2021

26. Documenting decadal disturbance dynamics reveals archipelago-specific recovery and compositional change on Polynesian reefs

Author: Yannick Chancerelle, Elodie Martinez, Simon J. Brandl, Laetitia Hédouin, Valeriano Parravicini, Gilles Siu, Gonzalo Pérez-Rosales, Centre de recherches insulaires et observatoire de l'environnement (CRIOBE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Excellence CORAIL (LabEX CORAIL), Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut d'écologie et environnement-Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Centre de Synthèse et d’Analyse sur la Biodiversité (CESAB), Fondation pour la recherche sur la Biodiversité (FRB), University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Laboratoire d'Océanographie Physique et Spatiale (LOPS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC)-Institut d'écologie et environnement-Université des Antilles (UA), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Coral, Starfish, Aquatic Science, Disturbances, Oceanography, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Recovery, Community shift, Animals, Dominance (ecology), 14. Life underwater, Pocillopora, Reef, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, Coral Reefs, Cyclonic Storms, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Temperature, Coral cover, Coral reef, Anthozoa, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, Disturbance (ecology), Archipelago, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: Coral reefs are declining at an unprecedented rate as a consequence of local and global stressors. Using a 26-year monitoring database, we analyzed the loss and recovery dynamics of coral communities across seven islands and three archipelagos in French Polynesia. Reefs in the Society Islands recovered relatively quickly after disturbances, which was driven by the recovery of corals in the genus Pocillopora (84% of the total recovery). In contrast, reefs in the Tuamotu and Austral archipelagos recovered poorly or not at all. Across archipelagos, predation by crown-of-thorns starfish and destruction by cyclones outweighed the effects of heat stress events on coral mortality. Despite the apparently limited effect of temperature-mediated stressors, the homogenization of coral communities towards dominance of Pocillopora in the Society Archipelago and the failure to fully recover from disturbances in the other two archipelagos concern the resilience of Polynesian coral communities in the face of intensifying climate-driven stressors.
Published: 2021

27. Phylogenetic conservatism drives nutrient dynamics of coral reef fishes

Author: Sébastien Villéger, Valeriano Parravicini, Nina M. D. Schiettekatte, Nina Wale, Jacob E. Allgeier, Seth J. Wenger, Deron E. Burkepile, Katrina S. Munsterman, Brian C. Weeks, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology [Santa Barbara] (EEMB), University of California [Santa Barbara] (UCSB), University of California-University of California, University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System, University of Georgia [USA], Laboratoire d'Excellence CORAIL (LabEX CORAIL), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC)-Institut d'écologie et environnement-Université des Antilles (UA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of California [Santa Barbara] (UC Santa Barbara), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), and University of California (UC)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Food Chain, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Science, Ecology (disciplines), Ecosystem ecology, General Physics and Astronomy, Context (language use), Biology, Evolutionary ecology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, Polynesia, Carbon Cycle, 03 medical and health sciences, Phylogenetics, Animals, Humans, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, Phylogeny, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, geography, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, Coral Reefs, fungi, technology, industry, and agriculture, Fishes, General Chemistry, Coral reef, Nutrients, 15. Life on land, Nitrogen Cycle, Anthozoa, Biological Evolution, Phylogeography, Productivity (ecology), Caribbean Region, Trait, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, geographic locations
Abstract: The relative importance of evolutionary history and ecology for traits that drive ecosystem processes is poorly understood. Consumers are essential drivers of nutrient cycling on coral reefs, and thus ecosystem productivity. We use nine consumer “chemical traits” associated with nutrient cycling, collected from 1,572 individual coral reef fishes (178 species spanning 41 families) in two biogeographic regions, the Caribbean and Polynesia, to quantify the relative importance of phylogenetic history and ecological context as drivers of chemical trait variation on coral reefs. We find: (1) phylogenetic relatedness is the best predictor of all chemical traits, substantially outweighing the importance of ecological factors thought to be key drivers of these traits, (2) phylogenetic conservatism in chemical traits is greater in the Caribbean than Polynesia, where our data suggests that ecological forces have a greater influence on chemical trait variation, and (3) differences in chemical traits between regions can be explained by differences in nutrient limitation associated with the geologic context of our study locations. Our study provides multiple lines of evidence that phylogeny is a critical determinant of contemporary nutrient dynamics on coral reefs. More broadly our findings highlight the utility of evolutionary history to improve prediction in ecosystem ecology., The relative importance of evolutionary history and ecology for traits that drive ecosystem processes is poorly understood. Analyzing nine traits associated with fish stoichiometry from 1,572 individuals yields multiple lines of evidence that phylogeny is a critical determinant of nutrient cycling in coral reefs.
Published: 2021

28. Scaling up calcification, respiration, and photosynthesis rates of six prominent coral taxa

Author: Jeremy Carlot, Héloïse Rouzé, Diego R. Barneche, Alexandre Mercière, Benoit Espiau, Ulisse Cardini, Simon J. Brandl, Jordan M. Casey, Gonzalo Pérez‐Rosales, Mehdi Adjeroud, Laetitia Hédouin, Valeriano Parravicini, Centre de recherches insulaires et observatoire de l'environnement (CRIOBE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Excellence CORAIL (LabEX CORAIL), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC)-Institut d'écologie et environnement-Université des Antilles (UA), Centre de Synthèse et d’Analyse sur la Biodiversité (CESAB), Fondation pour la recherche sur la Biodiversité (FRB), Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), and Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN)
Subjects: photosynthesis, Ecology, calcification, coral physiology, coral reefs, demographic dynamics, respiration, fungi, technology, industry, and agriculture, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, population characteristics, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, geographic locations, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, Nature and Landscape Conservation
Abstract: International audience; Coral reefs provide a range of important services to humanity, which are underpinned by community-level ecological processes such as coral calcification. Estimating these processes relies on our knowledge of individual physiological rates and species-specific abundances in the field. For colonial animals such as reef-building corals, abundance is frequently expressed as the relative surface cover of coral colonies, a metric that does not account for demographic parameters such as coral size. This may be problematic because many physiological rates are directly related to organism size, and failure to account for linear scaling patterns may skew estimates of ecosystem functioning. In the present study, we characterize the scaling of three physiological rates — calcification, respiration, and photosynthesis — considering the colony size for six prominent, reef-building coral taxa in Mo'orea, French Polynesia. After a seven-day acclimation period in the laboratory, we quantified coral physiological rates for three hours during daylight (i.e., calcification and gross photosynthesis) and one hour during night light conditions (i.e., dark respiration). Our results indicate that area-specific calcification rates are higher for smaller colonies across all taxa. However, photosynthesis and respiration rates remain constant over the colony-size gradient. Furthermore, we revealed a correlation between the demographic dynamics of coral genera and the ratio between net primary production and calcification rates. Therefore, intraspecific scaling of reef-building coral physiology not only improves our understanding of community-level coral reef functioning but it may also explain species-specific responses to disturbances.
Published: 2021

29. Mesophotic depths hide high coral cover communities in French Polynesia

Author: Gonzalo Pérez-Rosales, Alejandra Hernández-Agreda, Pim Bongaerts, Héloïse Rouzé, Michel Pichon, Jérémy Carlot, Gergely Torda, Valeriano Parravicini, and Laetitia Hédouin
Subjects: Environmental Engineering, Coral Reefs, Animals, Environmental Chemistry, Bayes Theorem, Anthozoa, Pollution, Waste Management and Disposal, Ecosystem, Polynesia
Abstract: The rapid decline of shallow coral reefs has increased the interest in the long-understudied mesophotic coral ecosystems (MCEs). However, MCEs are usually characterised by rather low to moderate scleractinian coral cover, with only a few descriptions of high coral cover at depth. Here, we explored eight islands across French Polynesia over a wide depth range (6 to 120 m) to identify coral cover hotspots at mesophotic depths and the co-occurrent biotic groups and abiotic factors that influence such high scleractinian cover. Using Bayesian modelling, we found that 20 out of 64 of studied deep sites exhibited a coral cover higher than expected in the mesophotic range (e.g. as high as 81.8 % at 40 m, 74.5 % at 60 m, 53 % at 90 m and 42 % at 120 m vs the average expected values based on the model of 31.2 % at 40 m, 22.8 % at 60 m, 14.6 % at 90 m and 9.8 % at 120 m). Omitting the collinear factors light-irradiance and depth, these 'hotspots' of coral cover corresponded to mesophotic sites and depths characterised by hard substrate, a steep to moderate slope, and the dominance of laminar corals. Our work unveils the presence of unexpectedly and unique high coral cover communities at mesophotic depths in French Polynesia, highlighting the importance of expanding the research on deeper depths for the potential relevance in the conservation management of tropical coral reefs.
Published: 2022

30. Nitrogen enrichment in macroalgae following mass coral mortality

Author: Valeriano Parravicini, Gareth J. Williams, Eleanor J. Vaughan, Samantha J. Howlett, Shaun K. Wilson, Nicholas A. J. Graham, Lancaster University, Centre de recherches insulaires et observatoire de l'environnement (CRIOBE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Excellence CORAIL (LabEX CORAIL), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC)-Institut d'écologie et environnement-Université des Antilles (UA), and Bangor University
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_classification, Nutrient cycle, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Coral bleaching, Ecology, Coral, Coral reef, Aquatic Science, Biology, Biogeochemical cycles, Climate change Macroalgal bioindicators Coral bleaching Stable isotopes Biogeochemical cycles Coral reef ecology, Macroalgal bioindicators, Nutrient, chemistry, Benthic zone, Coral reef ecology, Climate change, Organic matter, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Reef, Stable isotopes
Abstract: Scleractinian corals are engineers on coral reefs that provide both structural complexity as habitat and sustenance for other reef-associated organisms via the release of organic and inorganic matter. However, coral reefs are facing multiple pressures from climate change and other stressors, which can result in mass coral bleaching and mortality events. Mass mortality of corals results in enhanced release of organic matter, which can cause significant alterations to reef biochemical and recycling processes. There is little known about how long these nutrients are retained within the system, for instance, within the tissues of other benthic organisms. We investigated changes in nitrogen isotopic signatures (δ15N) of macroalgal tissues (a) ~ 1 year after a bleaching event in the Seychelles and (b) ~ 3 months after the peak of a bleaching event in Mo’orea, French Polynesia. In the Seychelles, there was a strong association between absolute loss in both total coral cover and branching coral cover and absolute increase in macroalgal δ15N between 2014 and 2017 (adjusted r2 = 0.79, p = 0.004 and adjusted r2 = 0.86, p = 0.002, respectively). In Mo’orea, a short-term transplant experiment found a significant increase in δ15N in Sargassum mangarevense after specimens were deployed on a reef with high coral mortality for ~ 3 weeks (p
Published: 2021

31. Juvenile corals underpin coral reef carbonate production after disturbance

Author: Mohsen Kayal, Laetitia Hédouin, Alexandre Mercière, Jordan M. Casey, Diego R. Barneche, Ulisse Cardini, Mehdi Adjeroud, Hunter S. Lenihan, Jérémy Carlot, Valeriano Parravicini, Simon J. Brandl, Alessio Rovere, Benoit Espiau, Centre de recherches insulaires et observatoire de l'environnement (CRIOBE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Excellence CORAIL (LabEX CORAIL), Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut d'écologie et environnement-Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Ecologie marine tropicale des océans Pacifique et Indien (ENTROPIE [Nouvelle-Calédonie]), Ifremer - Nouvelle-Calédonie, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie])-Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC), University of California, Centre de Synthèse et d’Analyse sur la Biodiversité (CESAB), Fondation pour la recherche sur la Biodiversité (FRB), University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Ecologie marine tropicale des océans Pacifique et Indien (ENTROPIE [Perpignan]), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), Center for Marine Environmental Sciences [Bremen] (MARUM), and Universität Bremen
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, reef productivity, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Coral, Carbonates, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystem services, Settore GEO/04 - Geografia Fisica e Geomorfologia, Coral juveniles, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, General Environmental Science, Global and Planetary Change, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, Coral Reefs, Coral reef, Anthozoa, Reef productivity, population characteristics, geographic locations, Settore BIO/07 - Ecologia, Time series, Climate Change, Climate change, 010603 evolutionary biology, coral juveniles, Animals, Environmental Chemistry, Juvenile, 14. Life underwater, coral assemblages, Reef, Ecosystem, Linear extension, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, Functional ecology, CaCO3 production, linear extension, fungi, technology, industry, and agriculture, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, Calcification rates, Disturbance (ecology), Coral assemblages, Environmental science, calcification rates, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, time series
Abstract: Sea-level rise is predicted to cause major damage to tropical coastlines. While coral reefs can act as natural barriers for ocean waves, their protection hinges on the ability of scleractinian corals to produce enough calcium carbonate (CaCO3 ) to keep up with rising sea levels. As a consequence of intensifying disturbances, coral communities are changing rapidly, potentially reducing community-level CaCO3 production. By combining colony-level physiology and long-term monitoring data, we show that reefs recovering from major disturbances can produce 40% more CaCO3 than currently estimated due to the disproportionate contribution of juvenile corals. However, the buffering effect of highly productive juvenile corals is compromised by recruitment failures, which have been more frequently observed after large-scale, repeated bleaching events. While the size structure of corals can bolster a critical ecological function on reefs, climate change impacts on recruitment may undermine this buffering effect, thus further compromising the persistence of reefs and their provision of important ecosystem services.
Published: 2021

32. Demographic dynamics of the smallest marine vertebrates fuel coral reef ecosystem functioning

Author: Renato A. Morais, Jordan M. Casey, Isabelle M. Côté, Carole C. Baldwin, Nina M. D. Schiettekatte, Simon J. Brandl, Luke Tornabene, Christopher H. R. Goatley, Valeriano Parravicini, and David R. Bellwood
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Coral reef fish, Population Dynamics, Population, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Abundance (ecology), Animals, Ecosystem, Biomass, 14. Life underwater, education, Reef, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Biomass (ecology), Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, Coral Reefs, Ecology, Fishes, Pelagic zone, Coral reef, Geography, Larva
Abstract: Little fish make a big contributionCoral reefs represent one of the most biodiverse and rich ecosystems. Such richness conjures up images of coral heads and large colorful reef fishes. Brandlet al.show, however, that one of the most striking and important parts of the reef ecosystem is almost never seen (see the Perspective by Riginos and Leis). Small cryptobenthic fish, like blennies, make up nearly 40% of reef fish biodiversity. Furthermore, the majority of cryptobenthic fish larvae settle locally, rather than being widely dispersed, and have rapid turnover rates. Such high diversity and densities could thus provide the biomass base for larger, better-known reef fish.Science, this issue p.1189; see also p.1128
Published: 2019

33. Life-history traits, geographical range and conservation aspects of reef fishes from the Atlantic and Eastern Pacific

Author: Thiago C. Mendes, Michel Kulbicki, Mariana G. Bender, Juan P. Quimbayo, Samara Leopoldino Danielski, Valeriano Parravicini, Fernanda Carolina da Silva, Sergio R. Floeter, and Débora Silva Ferrari
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, threatened species, Coral reef fish, Range (biology), Species distribution, ECOSSISTEMAS DE RECIFES, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Eastern Pacific, behavioral traits, Animals, Humans, IUCN Red List, Reef, Ecosystem, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, geography.geographical_feature_category, Coral Reefs, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Fishes, Pelagic zone, Biodiversity, ecological traits, Biological Evolution, fish price, Geography, Threatened species, Taxonomic richness, morphological traits, Atlantic, biogeographical information, species distribution, Species richness, checklist
Abstract: Reef fish represent one of the most diverse vertebrate groups on Earth, with over 7,000 species distributed around the globe. This richness is not evenly distributed geographically. The Atlantic (AT) and the Eastern Pacific (EP) encompass 30% of the global fish fauna. These areas have been considered the most isolated from the marine biodiversity hotspot in the Indo-Pacific due to distinct physical barriers, such as the Tethyan closure and the distance between the EP and the western Pacific. Despite their comparatively lower species richness, these realms host unique fish assemblages characterized by a remarkable proportion of regional endemics and species with large body size. Here, we present the largest database of life-history traits and biogeographical and conservation aspects presently available for the reef fish fauna of the AT and the EP realms. The database includes 21 traits distributed into behavioral (home range, diel activity, group size, level in the water column, three measures of preferred temperature), morphological (maximum body size, size class, body shape, aspect ratio, caudal fin, mouth position), and ecological (trophic level, diet, spawning strategy, depth of occurrence, two allometric constants, pelagic larval duration, and life span), as well as biogeographical (geographic range index, range extension, species distribution in 20 marine provinces, latitude north and south of occurrence, total number of provinces where species occur, occurrence in the AT and EP), and conservation aspects (IUCN status, vulnerability and global market price). We compiled these data through a careful review of 104 local checklists published between 1982 and 2020, online repositories, local reports, books, and monographs on specific families or genera. We limited our database to localities situated between latitudes 51°N and 45°S that including shallow and upper mesophotic biogenic and/or rocky reefs habitats. Our database covers 2,198 species belonging to 146 families and 655 reef fish genera distributed in two marine realms (1,458 in the AT, 829 in the EP, and 89 in both realms) and 20 marine provinces. This database of reef fish offers the opportunity to explore novel ecological and evolutionary questions at different scales and provides tools for species conservation based on these traits. There are no copyright or proprietary restrictions for research or teaching purposes.
Published: 2021
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34. Patterns of taxonomic and functional diversity in the global cleaner reef fish fauna

Author: Ivan Sazima, Renata Mazzei, Fabien Leprieur, Valeriano Parravicini, Murilo S. Dias, Miguel Furtado, Thiago C. Mendes, Juan P. Quimbayo, Marta C. Soares, Michel Kulbicki, Loïc Pellissier, Diego R. Barneche, Alexandra S. Grutter, Pauline Narvaez, Pierre Sasal, Laboratoire d'Excellence CORAIL (LabEX CORAIL), Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut d'écologie et environnement-Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Centre de recherches insulaires et observatoire de l'environnement (CRIOBE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidade de Brasilia [Brasília] (UnB), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Institut Fédéral de Recherches sur la Forêt, la Neige et le Paysage (WSL), Institut Fédéral de Recherches [Suisse], Ecologie marine tropicale des océans Pacifique et Indien (ENTROPIE [Perpignan]), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), James Cook University (JCU), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Universidade Estadual de Campinas = University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC)-Institut d'écologie et environnement-Université des Antilles (UA), and Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina = Federal University of Santa Catarina [Florianópolis] (UFSC)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, gobies, Coral reef fish, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biodiversity, diversity gradient, Cleaner fish, ECOSSISTEMAS DE RECIFES, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, facultative cleaners, standardize abundance, Abundance (ecology), [SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, 14. Life underwater, species richness, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, biodiversity, relative species richness, Facultative, Ecology, biology, marine realms, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Actinopterygii, dedicated cleaners, biology.organism_classification, latitudinal differences, archipelago, Belt transect, phylogenetics, trait species, Geography, Species richness, history, community structure, ectoparasites, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, atlantic, marine mutualism
Abstract: WOS:000682021900001; International audience; Aim Several drivers explain the global distribution of all reef fish. However, whether these drivers also explain the distribution and traits of a functional subgroup involving cleaner fishes remain unclear. Here we examine the variation in traits of cleaner fishes and test whether historical, environmental, ecological and geographical drivers are correlated with cleaner species richness and abundance at global reefs. Location Tropical and subtropical reefs. Taxon Actinopterygii. Methods We tested whether species traits and trait space vary between facultative (i.e. species that clean only during the juvenile stages or sporadically) and dedicated (i.e. species that clean during their whole lives) cleaner types. We compiled data from local checklists (relative richness) and belt transects (standardized richness and abundance). We built four models to test whether past and current isolation (i.e. distance from Quaternary refugia and biodiversity centres), sea temperature, primary productivity, local species pool and abundance of potential clients influenced the relative richness and abundance of cleaners. Results Facultative cleaners had high trait variability that contributed disproportionally to the trait space, whereas dedicated cleaners exhibited low trait variability. Cleaner species richness was higher in the Indo-Pacific and Caribbean provinces, but the relative richness and standardized abundance of cleaners were higher in the Atlantic (i.e. North Eastern and Southwestern) and Eastern Pacific. Isolation influenced the relative richness of facultative cleaners, whereas the distance to Quaternary refugia, sea temperature and isolation influenced the relative richness of dedicated cleaners. Local species richness and standardized abundance of cleaner fish exhibited a strong relationship with regional diversity. The standardized abundance of both facultative and dedicated cleaners was influenced by the abundance of potential clients and the local species pool. Main conclusions The small trait space occupied by cleaner fishes may reflect their restricted origin among lineages of reef fishes. Differences in the relative richness and standardized abundance of cleaner fishes across marine realms suggest a strong influence on biogeographical history. Our results also indicate that cleaner fishes originated mostly in peripheral areas in high latitudes due to the absence of dedicated cleaners. Our results imply that cleaner fishes do not follow the pattern of main centres of origin described for reef fishes due to opportunistic cleaning behaviour that originated with higher frequency at locations with low species richness.
Published: 2021

35. Author Correction: Multi-trophic markers illuminate the understanding of the functioning of a remote, low coral cover Marquesan coral reef food web

Author: Nicholas Polunin, Daniela Bănaru, Valeriano Parravicini, Mayalen Zubia, R. Galzin, Pauline Fey, Yves Letourneur, Jan Dierking, Benoit Lebreton, Tarik Meziane, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), and Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)
Subjects: Food Chain, Hot Temperature, Science, Polynesia, Zooplankton, Animals, Herbivory, Author Correction, Ecosystem, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Trophic level, geography, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, Coral Reefs, Ecology, Fatty Acids, Fishes, Coral reef, Seaweed, Food web, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Isotope Labeling, Coral cover, Phytoplankton, Medicine
Abstract: We studied the food web structure and functioning of a coral reef ecosystem in the Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia, characterized by low coral cover, high sea surface temperature and meso- to eutrophic waters. The Marquesas constitute a relevant ecosystem to understand the functioning of low diversity reefs that are also subject to global change. A multi-tracer assessment of organic matter pathways was run to delineate ecosystem functioning, using analysis of fatty acids, bulk and compound specific stable isotope analysis and stable isotopes mixing models. Macroalgae and phytoplankton were the two major food sources fueling this food web with, however, some marked seasonal variations. Specifically, zooplankton relied on phytoplankton-derived organic matter and herbivorous fishes on macroalgae-derived organic matter to a much higher extent in summer than in winter (~ 75% vs. ~ 15%, and ~ 70 to 75% vs. ~ 5 to 15%, respectively) . Despite remarkably high δ
Published: 2021

36. Delineating reef fish trophic guilds with global gut content data synthesis and phylogeny

Author: Chloé Pozas-Schacre, Michel Kulbicki, Rick D. Stuart-Smith, Valeriano Parravicini, Jordan M. Casey, Nicholas A. J. Graham, Mireille Harmelin-Vivien, Jérémy Carlot, Simon J. Brandl, Giovanni Strona, Nina M. D. Schiettekatte, Graham J. Edgar, Centre de recherches insulaires et observatoire de l'environnement (CRIOBE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie marine tropicale des océans Pacifique et Indien (ENTROPIE [Perpignan]), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Centre for the Synthesis and Analysis of Biodiversity (CESAB), Institut Bouisson Bertrand, Montpellier, France, ANR-17-CE32-0006,REEFLUX,Flux d'énergie au sein des récifs coralliens: une perspective basée sur les vertébrés(2017), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN), Ecological Data Science, and Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Coral reef fish, Marine and Aquatic Sciences, Predation, Animal Phylogenetics, 01 natural sciences, FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY, Medicine and Health Sciences, Body Size, R PACKAGE, Biology (General), Phylogeny, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Data Management, BODY-SIZE, Trophic level, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, Coral Reefs, SPECIES RICHNESS, General Neuroscience, Methods and Resources, Fishes, NICHE, Phylogenetic Analysis, Coral reef, Food web, Trophic Interactions, ECOSYSTEM-FUNCTION, Phylogenetics, Community Ecology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, FOOD-WEB, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Ecosystem Functioning, TRAITS, CORAL-REEFS, Computer and Information Sciences, Food Chain, QH301-705.5, Ecology (disciplines), Niche, Marine Biology, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, Ecosystems, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Animals, Evolutionary Systematics, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, Taxonomy, Nutrition, Evolutionary Biology, geography, General Immunology and Microbiology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Biology and Life Sciences, Reproducibility of Results, Bayes Theorem, Models, Theoretical, Diet, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Earth Sciences, Reefs, 1182 Biochemistry, cell and molecular biology, BIODIVERSITY, Species richness, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Zoology
Abstract: Understanding species’ roles in food webs requires an accurate assessment of their trophic niche. However, it is challenging to delineate potential trophic interactions across an ecosystem, and a paucity of empirical information often leads to inconsistent definitions of trophic guilds based on expert opinion, especially when applied to hyperdiverse ecosystems. Using coral reef fishes as a model group, we show that experts disagree on the assignment of broad trophic guilds for more than 20% of species, which hampers comparability across studies. Here, we propose a quantitative, unbiased, and reproducible approach to define trophic guilds and apply recent advances in machine learning to predict probabilities of pairwise trophic interactions with high accuracy. We synthesize data from community-wide gut content analyses of tropical coral reef fishes worldwide, resulting in diet information from 13,961 individuals belonging to 615 reef fish. We then use network analysis to identify 8 trophic guilds and Bayesian phylogenetic modeling to show that trophic guilds can be predicted based on phylogeny and maximum body size. Finally, we use machine learning to test whether pairwise trophic interactions can be predicted with accuracy. Our models achieved a misclassification error of less than 5%, indicating that our approach results in a quantitative and reproducible trophic categorization scheme, as well as high-resolution probabilities of trophic interactions. By applying our framework to the most diverse vertebrate consumer group, we show that it can be applied to other organismal groups to advance reproducibility in trait-based ecology. Our work thus provides a viable approach to account for the complexity of predator–prey interactions in highly diverse ecosystems., The diversity of life on our planet has produced a remarkable variety of biological traits that characterize different species, and such traits are widely considered an alternative to taxonomy to increase our understanding of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. This study presents an unbiased and fully reproducible framework to delineate trophic guilds in reef fishes.
Published: 2020

37. Individual back-calculated size-at-age based on otoliths from Pacific coral reef fish species

Author: Jason Vii, Samuel Degregori, Jordan M. Casey, René Galzin, Yves Letourneur, Simon J. Brandl, Alexandre Mercière, Fabien Morat, Pauline Fey, Jérémy Carlot, Jérémy Wicquart, Guillemette de Sinéty, Pierre Sasal, Jean Bienvenu, Nina M. D. Schiettekatte, Valeriano Parravicini, Laboratoire d'Excellence CORAIL (LabEX CORAIL), Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut d'écologie et environnement-Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Centre de recherches insulaires et observatoire de l'environnement (CRIOBE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de sciences exactes et appliquées (ISEA), and Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Statistics and Probability, Data Descriptor, Population dynamics, Coral reef fish, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Population, Library and Information Sciences, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Polynesia, Education, Otolithic Membrane, medicine, Temperate climate, Animals, Body Size, 14. Life underwater, Biomass, lcsh:Science, education, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Otolith, Biomass (ecology), geography, education.field_of_study, geography.geographical_feature_category, Community level, Coral Reefs, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Fishes, Coral reef, Computer Science Applications, Fishery, Ageing, medicine.anatomical_structure, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Trait, lcsh:Q, Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty, Ichthyology, Information Systems
Abstract: Somatic growth is a critical biological trait for organismal, population, and ecosystem-level processes. Due to its direct link with energetic demands, growth also represents an important parameter to estimate energy and nutrient fluxes. For marine fishes, growth rate information is most frequently derived from sagittal otoliths, and most of the available data stems from studies on temperate species that are targeted by commercial fisheries. Although the analysis of otoliths is a powerful tool to estimate individual growth, the time-consuming nature of otolith processing is one barrier for collection of comprehensive datasets across multiple species. This is especially true for coral reef fishes, which are extremely diverse. Here, we provide back-calculated size-at-age estimates (including measures of uncertainty) based on sagittal otoliths from 710 individuals belonging to 45 coral reef fish species from French Polynesia. In addition, we provide Von Bertalanffy growth parameters which are useful to predict community level biomass production., Measurement(s) growth Technology Type(s) otolithometry Sample Characteristic - Organism Actinopterygii Sample Characteristic - Environment coral reef Sample Characteristic - Location French Polynesia Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data: 10.6084/m9.figshare.13027817
Published: 2020

38. A closer examination of the ‘abundant centre’ hypothesis for reef fishes

Author: Valeriano Parravicini, Jonathan Belmaker, Itai Granot, Jesús Ernesto Arias-González, Alan M. Friedlander, Pascale Chabanet, Hagar Yancovitch Shalom, Shane A. Blowes, Sergio R. Floeter, Camille Mellin, Carlos E. L. Ferreira, Michel Kulbicki, Tel Aviv University [Tel Aviv], German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena- Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Partenaires INRAE, Australian Institute of Marine Science [Townsville] (AIMS Townsville), Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), University of Adelaide, Fluminense Federal University [Niterói], Instituto Politecnico Nacional [Mexico] (IPN), Ecologie marine tropicale des océans Pacifique et Indien (ENTROPIE [Perpignan]), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina = Federal University of Santa Catarina [Florianópolis] (UFSC), Ecologie marine tropicale dans les Océans Pacifique et Indien (ENTROPIE [Réunion]), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Laboratoire d'Excellence CORAIL (LabEX CORAIL), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC)-Institut d'écologie et environnement-Université des Antilles (UA), Centre de recherches insulaires et observatoire de l'environnement (CRIOBE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and This work was partially supported by an Israel Science Foundation (ISF) grant number 1356/15 to JB.
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, Range (biology), Coral reef fish, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Biogeography, Marine habitats, ‘abundant centre’ hypothesis, Occupancy, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Meta-analysis, Segmented regression, Abundance, Abundance (ecology), Reef fish, 14. Life underwater, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Transect, Reef, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: AIM: The ‘abundant centre’ hypothesis states that species are more abundant at the centre of their range. However, several recent large‐scale studies have failed to find evidence for such a pattern. Here we used extensive global data of reef fishes to test the ‘abundant centre’ pattern, and to examine variation in the abundance patterns across species using life history and ecological traits. LOCATION: Marine habitat at a global extent: from Indo‐Pacific to Atlantic reefs. METHODS: We used underwater visual estimates of fish abundance, containing 22,963 transects and 1,215 species. For each species we calculated the slope between abundance and distance to the range centre, with the range centre estimated using four different methods. We tested whether abundance patterns differ between the range core and margins using segmented regression. Meta‐analytic methods were used to synthesize results across species, and to test whether species traits can explain variation in the fit to the pattern among species. RESULTS: The method used to define the range centre had a large effect on the results. Nevertheless, in all cases we found large variation between species. Results of the segmented regression revealed that changes in abundance across the range core are very small and that steep declines in abundance happen only towards the range margins. Body size and mean abundance were the main traits affecting the fit to the pattern across species. MAIN CONCLUSIONS: We find large variation across species in the fit to the abundance centre pattern. Nevertheless, we do find support for a general pattern of a range core with high, but variable, abundance and steep decline in abundance towards the range periphery. Thus, species do tend to be rare at the range margins, making them sensitive to extirpation due to both natural and anthropogenic impacts.
Published: 2020

39. Strong ‘functional’ divergence of tropical reef fish assemblages along the global diversity gradient

Author: Loïc Pellissier, David Mouillot, Enrico L. Rezende, Sébastien Villéger, Mariana G. Bender, Giulia Donati, Valeriano Parravicini, Fabien Leprieur, Sergio R. Floeter, and Michel Kulbicki
Subjects: geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Coral reef fish, Ecology, fungi, Species distribution, technology, industry, and agriculture, Biodiversity, Community structure, Climate change, Coral reef, Species richness, Reef, geographic locations
Abstract: Coral reefs are experiencing declines due to climate change and local human impacts. While at local scale biodiversity loss induces shifts in community structure, previous biogeographical analyses recorded consistent taxonomic structure of fish communities across global coral reefs. This suggest that regional communities represent a random subset of the global species and traits pool, whatever their species richness. Using distributional data on 3,586 fish species and latest advances in species distribution models we show that the global distribution of reef fishes is influenced by two major traits (body size and diet) and produces a strong divergence in the trait structure of assemblages across the biodiversity gradient. This divergence is best explained by the isolation of reefs during past unfavorable climatic conditions and highlights the risk of a global community re-organization if the ongoing climate-induced reef fragmentation is not halted.
Published: 2020

40. Sources of organic matter in an atypical phytoplankton rich coral ecosystem, Marquesas Islands: composition and properties

Author: R. Galzin, Yves Letourneur, Mayalen Zubia, Pauline Fey, D. Bӑnaru, Tarik Meziane, Benoit Lebreton, Valeriano Parravicini, IRD NEW CALEDONIA NOUMEA NCL, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Laboratoire d'Excellence CORAIL (LabEX CORAIL), Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut d'écologie et environnement-Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Ecologie marine tropicale des océans Pacifique et Indien (ENTROPIE [Nouvelle-Calédonie]), Ifremer - Nouvelle-Calédonie, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie])-Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC), Centre de recherches insulaires et observatoire de l'environnement (CRIOBE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (UMR 241) (EIO), Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC)-Institut d'écologie et environnement-Université des Antilles (UA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie])-Ifremer - Nouvelle-Calédonie, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)
Subjects: Marquesas Islands, 0106 biological sciences, Coral, ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species, Aquatic Science, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Coral ecosystem, Phytoplankton, Terrestrial plant, Ecosystem, Organic matter, 14. Life underwater, Fatty acids, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Stable isotopes, chemistry.chemical_classification, Ecology, Stable isotope ratio, ved/biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Food web, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Benthic zone, Environmental chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Sources of organic matter, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; The purpose of this work is to characterize several potential sources of organic matter (OM) in the Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia, and to understand how these sources contribute to OM pools. Stable isotope (δ 13 C and δ 15 N) and fatty acid (FA) compositions of OM potential sources (algal turf, benthic macroalgae, detrital terrestrial plants (DTP), phytoplankton) and OM pools (sediment (SOM) and particulate organic matter (POM)) were studied in coastal areas in Nuku Hiva Island. Isotope compositions of marine POM (δ 13 C = − 22.5 ± 0.8 ‰; δ 15 N = 12.1 ± 1.1 ‰) and SOM (δ 13 C = − 19.1 ± 0.9 ‰; δ 15 N = 14.4 ± 0.5 ‰) highlighted that OM sources at the base of the local food web had unusually high δ 15 N values. Potential FA markers of diatoms and/or cyanobacteria (20:5ω3 and 16:1ω7) were found in these two OM pools. In addition, coastal SOM also displayed FA markers of bacteria, macroalgae and terrestrial plants. For marine POM, potential macroalgae FA markers were recorded (18:2ω6 and 16:2ω4). The stable isotope mixing model highlighted the major contribution of phytoplankton to the coastal SOM (62%), followed by benthic macroalgae (32%), whereas marine POM was mainly composed of a mixture of algal turf and phytoplankton in similar averaged proportions (38%) but presenting wide variations. Our results as a whole strongly suggest that pelagic-benthic coupled processes drive the characteristics and properties of OM sources.
Published: 2020

41. Global gut content data synthesis and phylogeny delineate reef fish trophic guilds

Author: Jordan M. Casey, Chloé Pozas-Schacre, Michel Kulbicki, Jérémy Carlot, Graham J. Edgar, Simon J. Brandl, Rick D. Stuart-Smith, Mireille Harmelin-Vivien, Jason Vii, Nina M. D. Schiettekatte, Nicholas A. J. Graham, Valeriano Parravicini, and Giovanni Strona
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Ecological niche, 0303 health sciences, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, Coral reef fish, Biodiversity, Coral reef, 15. Life on land, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Food web, 03 medical and health sciences, Trait, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, 030304 developmental biology, Trophic level
Abstract: The diversity of life on our planet has produced a remarkable variety of biological traits that characterize different species. Such traits are widely employed instead of taxonomy to increase our understanding of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. However, for species’ trophic niches, one of the most critical aspects of organismal ecology, a paucity of empirical information has led to inconsistent definitions of trophic guilds based on expert opinion. Using coral reef fishes as a model, we show that experts often disagree on the assignment of trophic guilds for the same species. Even when broad categories are assigned, 60% of the evaluated trait schemes disagree on the attribution of trophic categories for at least 20% of the species. This disagreement greatly hampers comparability across studies. Here, we introduce a quantitative, unbiased, and fully reproducible framework to define species’ trophic guilds based on empirical data. First, we synthesize data from community-wide visual gut content analysis of tropical coral reef fishes, resulting in trophic information from 13,961 individuals belonging to 615 reef fish species across all ocean basins. We then use network analysis to cluster the resulting global bipartite food web into distinct trophic guilds, resulting in eight trophic guilds, and employ a Bayesian phylogenetic model to predict trophic guilds based on phylogeny and maximum body size. Our model achieved a misclassification error of 5%, indicating that our approach results in a quantitative and reproducible trophic categorization scheme, which can be updated as new information becomes available. Although our case study is for reef fishes, the most diverse vertebrate consumer group, our approach can be applied to other organismal groups to advance reproducibility in trait-based ecology. As such, our work provides an empirical and conceptual advancement for trait-based ecology and a viable approach to monitor ecosystem functioning in our changing world.
Published: 2020

42. Response to Comment on 'Demographic dynamics of the smallest marine vertebrates fuel coral reef ecosystem functioning'

Author: Luke Tornabene, Nina M. D. Schiettekatte, Valeriano Parravicini, Carole C. Baldwin, Jordan M. Casey, Renato A. Morais, Simon J. Brandl, Christopher H. R. Goatley, Isabelle M. Côté, David R. Bellwood, Simon Fraser University, ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies (CoralCoE), James Cook University (JCU), Centre de recherches insulaires et observatoire de l'environnement (CRIOBE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Excellence CORAIL (LabEX CORAIL), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC)-Institut d'écologie et environnement-Université des Antilles (UA), Department of Biological Sciences [Burnaby], and Simon Fraser University (SFU.ca)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Biomass (ecology), geography, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Coral reef, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Disturbance (ecology), %22">Fish , Environmental science, Population growth, 14. Life underwater, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Cline (hydrology)
Abstract: International audience; Allgeier and Cline suggest that our model overestimates the contributions of cryptobenthic fishes to coral reef functioning. However, their 20-year model ignores the basic biological limits of population growth. If incorporated, cryptobenthic contributions to consumed fish biomass remain high (20 to 70%). Disturbance cycles and uncertainties surrounding the fate of large fishes on decadal scales further demonstrate the important role of cryptobenthic fishes.
Published: 2019

43. A process‐based model supports an association between dispersal and the prevalence of species traits in tropical reef fish assemblages

Author: Jonathan Rolland, Fabien Leprieur, Oskar Hagen, Nicolas Salamin, Michel Kulbicki, Christian Heine, Giulia Donati, Théo Gaboriau, Loïc Pellissier, Camille Albouy, Valeriano Parravicini, Centre de recherches insulaires et observatoire de l'environnement (CRIOBE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Excellence CORAIL (LabEX CORAIL), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC)-Institut d'écologie et environnement-Université des Antilles (UA), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), EarthByte Group, School of Geosciences, The University of Sydney, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics [Lausanne] (SIB), Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Écologie et Modèles pour l'Halieutique (IFREMER EMH), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Atlantique (IFREMER Atlantique), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Écologie et Modèles pour l'Halieutique (EMH), and Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, body-size, diversification, Coral reef fish, Home range, latitudinal gradient, Biodiversity, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, mechanistic models, diversity, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, traits, Dispersal, Diversification, Mechanistic models, Reef fish, Traits, global patterns, geographic range size, genetic-structure, 14. Life underwater, extinction rates, dispersal, Reef, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, biodiversity, geography, reef fish, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Species diversity, Pelagic zone, Habitat, speciation, propagule dispersal, Biological dispersal, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: Habitat dynamics interacting with species dispersal abilities could generate gradients in species diversity and prevalence of species traits when the latter are associated with species dispersal potential. Using a process‐based model of diversification constrained by a dispersal parameter, we simulated the interplay between reef habitat dynamics during the past 140 million years and dispersal, shaping lineage diversification history and assemblage composition globally. The emerging patterns from the simulations were compared to current prevalence of species traits related to dispersal for 6315 tropical reef fish species. We found a significant spatial congruence between the prevalence of simulated low dispersal values and areas with a large proportion of species characterized by small adult body size, narrow home range mobility behaviour, pelagic larval duration shorter than 21 days and diurnal activity. Species characterized by such traits were found predominantly in the Indo‐Australian Archipelago and the Caribbean Sea. Furthermore, the frequency distribution of the dispersal parameter was found to match empirical distributions for body size, PLD and home range mobility behaviour. Also, the dispersal parameter in the simulations was associated to diversification rates and resulted in trait frequency matching empirical distributions. Overall, our findings suggest that past habitat dynamics, in conjunction with dispersal processes, influenced diversification in tropical reef fishes, which may explain the present‐day geography of species traits. ISSN:0906-7590 ISSN:1600-0587
Published: 2019

44. A DNA barcode reference library of French Polynesian shore fishes

Author: Lee A. Weigt, Johann Mourier, R. Galzin, Gilles Siu, Pierre Sasal, Jeffrey T. Williams, Erwan Delrieu-Trottin, Amy C. Driskell, Benoit Espiau, Nathalie Tolou, Christopher P. Meyer, Thomas H. Cribb, Nicolas Hubert, Patrick Plantard, Jérémie Viviani, Michel Kulbicki, Valeriano Parravicini, Gérard Mou-Tham, Diane Pitassy, Michel Veuille, Thierry Lison de Loma, Serge Planes, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Leibniz Institut für Evolutions und Biodiversitätsforschung, Laboratoire d'Excellence CORAIL (LabEX CORAIL), Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut d'écologie et environnement-Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon (IGFL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Southern Queensland (USQ), Centre de recherches insulaires et observatoire de l'environnement (CRIOBE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PSL Research University (PSL), Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut d'écologie et environnement-Université de la Nouvelle Calédonie (UNC)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), USR 3278 CNRS-EPHE CRIOBE, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC)-Institut d'écologie et environnement-Université des Antilles (UA), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), and École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE)
Subjects: Statistics and Probability, Data Descriptor, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Fauna, Biodiversity, Library and Information Sciences, Barcode, 01 natural sciences, DNA barcoding, Polynesia, law.invention, Education, 03 medical and health sciences, law, biology.animal, Animals, DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic, 14. Life underwater, DNA sequencing, lcsh:Science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Gene Library, Taxonomy, Shore, 0303 health sciences, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, Coral Reefs, Fishes, Vertebrate, Coral reef, Computer Science Applications, Evolutionary biology, Archipelago, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, lcsh:Q, Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Genetic databases, Information Systems
Abstract: The emergence of DNA barcoding and metabarcoding opened new ways to study biological diversity, however, the completion of DNA barcode libraries is fundamental for such approaches to succeed. This dataset is a DNA barcode reference library (fragment of Cytochrome Oxydase I gene) for 2,190 specimens representing at least 540 species of shore fishes collected over 10 years at 154 sites across the four volcanic archipelagos of French Polynesia; the Austral, Gambier, Marquesas and Society Islands, a 5,000,000 km2 area. At present, 65% of the known shore fish species of these archipelagoes possess a DNA barcode associated with preserved, photographed, tissue sampled and cataloged specimens, and extensive collection locality data. This dataset represents one of the most comprehensive DNA barcoding efforts for a vertebrate fauna to date. Considering the challenges associated with the conservation of coral reef fishes and the difficulties of accurately identifying species using morphological characters, this publicly available library is expected to be helpful for both authorities and academics in various fields., Design Type(s)population data analysis objective • biodiversity assessment objectiveMeasurement Type(s)fishTechnology Type(s)taxonomic diversity assessment by targeted gene surveyFactor Type(s)Species • geographic locationSample Characteristic(s)Actinopterygii • French Polynesia • ocean biome Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data (ISA-Tab format)
Published: 2019

45. A predictive model based on multiple coastal anthropogenic pressures explains the degradation status of a marine ecosystem: Implications for management and conservation

Author: Julie Deter, Anne-Sophie Tribot, Pierre Descamp, Valeriano Parravicini, Florian Holon, Guilhem Marre, Thomas Bockel, Nicolas Mouquet, Pierre Boissery, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Andromède Océanologie, Centre de recherches insulaires et observatoire de l'environnement (CRIOBE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agence de l'eau Rhône Méditérranée Corse, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Population, Endangered species, 01 natural sciences, priority areas, Change point, Species distribution modelling, Ecosystem, Marine ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, Threats, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Human impacts, education.field_of_study, biology, Ecology, Ecological status, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Submersed aquatic vegetation, Environmental niche modelling, Seagrass, 13. Climate action, Posidonia oceanica, Threatened species, Environmental science, Coastal pressures management, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; During the last fifty years, there has been a dramatic increase in the development of anthropogenic activities, and this is particularly threatening to marine coastal ecosystems. The management of these multiple and simultaneous anthropogenic pressures requires reliable and precise data on their distribution, as well as information (data, modelling) on their potential effects on sensitive ecosystems. Focusing on Posidonia oceanica beds, a threatened habitat-forming seagrass species endemic to the Mediterranean, we developed a statistical approach to study the complex relationship between human multiple activities and ecosystem status. We used Random Forest modelling to explain the degradation status of P. oceanica (defined herein as the shift from seagrass bed to dead matte) as a function of depth and 10 anthropogenic pressures along the French Mediterranean coast (1700 km of coastline including Corsica). Using a 50 x 50 m grid cells dataset, we obtained a particularly accurate model explaining 71.3 % of the variance, with a Pearson correlation of 0.84 between predicted and observed values. Human-made coastline, depth, coastal population, urbanization, and agriculture were the best global predictors of P. oceanica's degradation status. Aquaculture was the least important predictor, although its local individual influence was among the highest. Non-linear relationship between predictors and seagrass beds status was detected with tipping points (i.e. thresholds) for all variables except agriculture and industrial effluents. Using these tipping points, we built a map representing the coastal seagrass beds classified into four categories according to an increasing pressure gradient and its risk of phase shift. Our approach provides important information that can be used to help managers preserve this essential and endangered ecosystem.
Published: 2018

46. Global tropical reef fish richness could decline by around half if corals are lost

Author: Valeriano Parravicini, Simone Montano, Paolo Galli, Roberto Arrigoni, Giovanni Strona, Kevin D. Lafferty, François Guilhaumon, Serge Planes, Davide Seveso, Simone Fattorini, Pieter S. A. Beck, Ecological Data Science, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Strona, G, Lafferty, K, Fattorini, S, Beck, P, Guilhaumon, F, Arrigoni, R, Montano, S, Seveso, D, Galli, P, Planes, S, and Parravicini, V
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Coral reef fish, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Oceans and Seas, Effects of global warming on oceans, DIVERSITY, Biodiversity, structural equation modelling, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, co-extinction, Structural complexity, ocean warming, Animals, Humans, 14. Life underwater, co-extinctions, Reef, 1172 Environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, General Immunology and Microbiology, Resistance (ecology), Coral Reefs, Tetraodontiformes, HABITAT COMPLEXITY, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Fishes, Community structure, bleaching, Anthozoa, General Medicine, STRUCTURAL COMPLEXITY, 15. Life on land, Geography, 13. Climate action, PATTERNS, Species richness, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, COMMUNITY STRUCTURE, RESISTANCE
Abstract: WOS:000669987000010; Reef fishes are a treasured part of marine biodiversity, and also provide needed protein for many millions of people. Although most reef fishes might survive projected increases in ocean temperatures, corals are less tolerant. A few fish species strictly depend on corals for food and shelter, suggesting that coral extinctions could lead to some secondary fish extinctions. However, secondary extinctions could extend far beyond those few coral-dependent species. Furthermore, it is yet unknown how such fish declines might vary around the world. Current coral mass mortalities led us to ask how fish communities would respond to coral loss within and across oceans. We mapped 6964 coral-reef-fish species and 119 coral genera, and then regressed reef-fish species richness against coral generic richness at the 1 degrees scale (after controlling for biogeographic factors that drive species diversification). Consistent with small-scale studies, statistical extrapolations suggested that local fish richness across the globe would be around half its current value in a hypothetical world without coral, leading to more areas with low or intermediate fish species richness and fewer fish diversity hotspots.
Published: 2021

47. Global mismatch between fishing dependency and larval supply from marine reserves

Author: David Mouillot, U. Rashid Sumaila, Philippe Verley, Stéphanie Manel, Marco Andrello, Camille Albouy, Joeri Scholtens, Valeriano Parravicini, François Guilhaumon, Manuel Barange, MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie des systèmes marins côtiers (Ecosym), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherches insulaires et observatoire de l'environnement (CRIOBE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Amsterdam Institute for Social Science Research (AISSR), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Fisheries economics research unit, University of British Columbia (UBC), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University (JCU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), and Governance and Inclusive Development (GID, AISSR, FMG)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Conservation of Natural Resources, Science, Fishing, Endangered species, Fisheries, General Physics and Astronomy, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Economic cost, Water Movements, Animals, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, Multidisciplinary, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Ocean current, Marine reserve, fungi, Fishes, General Chemistry, 15. Life on land, Models, Theoretical, Fishery, Larva, Hydrodynamics, Biological dispersal, Business, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Animal Distribution, Dependency (project management)
Abstract: Marine reserves are viewed as flagship tools to protect exploited species and to contribute to the effective management of coastal fisheries. Yet, the extent to which marine reserves are globally interconnected and able to effectively seed areas, where fisheries are most critical for food and livelihood security is largely unknown. Using a hydrodynamic model of larval dispersal, we predict that most marine reserves are not interconnected by currents and that their potential benefits to fishing areas are presently limited, since countries with high dependency on coastal fisheries receive very little larval supply from marine reserves. This global mismatch could be reversed, however, by placing new marine reserves in areas sufficiently remote to minimize social and economic costs but sufficiently connected through sea currents to seed the most exploited fisheries and endangered ecosystems., The effectiveness of marine reserves relies on whether they supply substantial recruitment outside their boundaries. Here, Andrello and colleagues use models of larval fish dispersal to show that countries most dependent on coastal fisheries receive the lowest larval supplies from marine reserves.
Published: 2017

48. The biogeography of tropical reef fishes: endemism and provinciality through time

Author: Michel Kulbicki, Valeriano Parravicini, Sergio R. Floeter, and Peter F. Cowman
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Coral reef fish, Ecology, Biogeography, Biodiversity, Coral reef, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Biodiversity hotspot, 03 medical and health sciences, Phylogenetic diversity, 030104 developmental biology, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Endemism, Reef, geographic locations
Abstract: The largest marine biodiversity hotspot straddles the Indian and Pacific Oceans, driven by taxa associated with tropical coral reefs. Centred on the Indo-Australian Archipelago (IAA), this biodiversity hotspot forms the 'bullseye' of a steep gradient in species richness from this centre to the periphery of the vast Indo-Pacific region. Complex patterns of endemism, wide-ranging species and assemblage differences have obscured our understanding of the genesis of this biodiversity pattern and its maintenance across two-thirds of the world's oceans. But time-calibrated molecular phylogenies coupled with ancestral biogeographic estimates have provided a valuable framework in which to examine the origins of coral reef fish biodiversity across the tropics. Herein, we examine phylogenetic and biogeographic data for coral reef fishes to highlight temporal patterns of marine endemism and tropical provinciality. The ages and distribution of endemic lineages have often been used to identify areas of species creation and demise in the marine tropics and discriminate among multiple hypotheses regarding the origins of biodiversity in the IAA. Despite a general under-sampling of endemic fishes in phylogenetic studies, the majority of locations today contain a mixture of potential paleo- and neo-endemic fishes, pointing to multiple historical processes involved in the origin and maintenance of the IAA biodiversity hotspot. Increased precision and sampling of geographic ranges for reef fishes has permitted the division of discrete realms, regions and provinces across the tropics. Yet, such metrics are only beginning to integrate phylogenetic relatedness and ancestral biogeography. Here, we integrate phylogenetic diversity with ancestral biogeographic estimation of lineages to show how assemblage structure and tropical provinciality has changed through time.
Published: 2017

49. Habitat suitability, niche unfilling and the potential spread of Pterois miles in the Mediterranean Sea

Author: Stefanos Kalogirou, Dimitris Poursanidis, Ernesto Azzurro, Michel Bariche, Heinrich zu Dohna, and Valeriano Parravicini
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Mediterranean climate, Range (biology), Climate, Species distribution, Niche, Pterois miles, 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Mediterranean sea, Invasion, Mediterranean Sea, Animals, 14. Life underwater, Ecosystem, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Suitability model, biology, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, Environmental niche modelling, Perciformes, Geography, Niche unfilling, Introduced Species, Lionfish, Stability
Abstract: The common lionfish Pterois miles has rapidly spread across the eastern Mediterranean Sea. We compiled occurrence data from both native and invaded range under the framework of Species Distribution Modelling (SDM). Through a construction of an environmental suitability model and estimation of spread rates we investigated the lionfish climate niche in both its native and invaded domains, this latter represented by the Mediterranean region. Model projections allowed to identify suitable areas for lionfish establishment in the Mediterranean. Spread analysis suggested that a further geographical expansion in this basin could be completed within the next years. Our results did not provide evidence for niche expansion but highlighted a high degree of niche unfilling thus prospecting a likely spread of Mediterranean lionfish invasion beyond the predictions of current SDMs. These findings provide novel inputs to forecast the future geographical evolution of the lionfish in the Mediterranean Sea and asses the related risk of invasion.
Published: 2019

50. Synchrony patterns reveal different degrees of trophic guild vulnerability after disturbances in a coral reef fish community

Author: Gilles Siu, David Lecchini, Valeriano Parravicini, Laurent Viriot, R. Galzin, Jérémie Viviani, Charlotte Moritz, Reproduction et développement des plantes (RDP), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de la MER de Rimouski (ISMER), Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), Centre de recherches insulaires et observatoire de l'environnement (CRIOBE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon (IGFL), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, trophic guilds, Coral reef fish, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, resilience, Reef, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Invertebrate, Trophic level, disturbance, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, synchrony, Coral reef, Homogeneous, Guild, response diversity, coral reefs, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, fish community
Abstract: International audience; Aim: Chronic anthropogenic stressors are increasing in intensity, making ecosystems more vulnerable to acute disturbances. Recovery processes are not always well understood due to the complexity of ecosystems and the lack of appropriate indicators. Temporal synchrony is a valuable metric for assessing whether fluctuations in abundance of different species are homogeneous or heterogeneous over time. Theoretically, a great diversity of responses by species facing disturbances is associated with a stable ecosystem, with species turnover guaranteeing the persistence of key ecological processes. We analysed the fluctuations of synchrony of a fish community to assess its resilience in an ecosystem exposed to various disturbances.Location: Moorea (French Polynesia).Methods: Using one of the longest time series available for coral reefs (ca. 35 years), we examined the variations in substrate cover, and the abundance, synchrony and composition of different fish trophic guilds. Multivariate analyses involving synchrony were used to determine the stability of trophic guilds.Results: Changes in fish community composition indicated incomplete taxonomic resilience. However, community synchrony was lower during periods of low coral cover, indicating greater response diversity, while total fish abundance remained fairly stable. Synchrony drop was due to relationships with coral cover that differed by trophic guild, or the differences in species responses within guilds. Some guilds such as sessile invertebrate feeders exhibited a strong homogeneity of response over time, indicating a greater vulnerability. We also highlighted that various types of disturbances had different effects on the synchrony of particular guilds.Main conclusions: The fish community appeared functionally resilient, with stability of total abundance and most trophic guilds. This could be a factor explaining the rapid recovery of Moorea's coral reefs from disturbances. However, the homogeneous responses of some fish groups to disturbances may compromise the reef recovery potential on the long term if disturbances become more frequent.
Published: 2019

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