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Objectives To develop and validate an analytical method by HPLC–UV (High Performance Liquid Chromatography–Ultraviolet) for the quantification of ursodeoxycholic acid suspension in a dissolution test followed by a solid phase extraction (SPE) to circumvent the interference of sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) present in the dissolution medium. Methods United States Pharmacopeia (USP) apparatus 2. The dissolution medium was 900 ml of an aqueous solution of 0.05 M phosphate buffer (pH 8.4) with 2% SLS. The samples were filtered and cleaned by SPE with 500 mg/3ml C18 cartridges. The analytical method was validated for specificity, linearity, LOD (limit of detection), LOQ (limit of quantification) accuracy and precision. Chromatographic conditions, Symmetry-C18 column (150 mm × 4.6 mm, id; 5 µm particle size), 40°C, 100 µl injection volume and UV detection at 200 nm. The flow rate was 1 ml/min using acetonitrile–phosphoric acid (pH 3.0, 0.15 mM) (48:52). Key findings SPE provided an efficient and selective extraction of ursodeoxycholic acid from the dissolution medium. On the other hand, the SPE washing step allowed the elimination of SLS. The ursodeoxycholic acid method optimisation and validation were accomplished with no less than 80% in 30 min. Conclusion The developed analytical method was simple and adequate for the analysis of ursodeoxycholic acid suspension samples that met the USP specifications for dissolution test.

Background: Ursodeoxycholic acid is commonly used to treat intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, yet its largest trial detected minimal benefit for a composite outcome (stillbirth, preterm birth, and neonatal unit admission). We aimed to examine whether ursodeoxycholic acid affects specific adverse perinatal outcomes. Methods: In this systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis, we searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Global Health, MIDIRS, and Cochrane without language restrictions for relevant articles published between database inception, and Jan 1, 2020, using search terms referencing intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, ursodeoxycholic acid, and perinatal outcomes. Eligible studies had 30 or more study participants and reported on at least one individual with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy and bile acid concentrations of 40 μmol/L or more. We also included two unpublished cohort studies. Individual participant data were collected from the authors of selected studies. The primary outcome was the prevalence of stillbirth, for which we anticipated there would be insufficient data to achieve statistical power. Therefore, we included a composite of stillbirth and preterm birth as a main secondary outcome. A mixed-effects meta-analysis was done using multi-level modelling and adjusting for bile acid concentration, parity, and multifetal pregnancy. Individual participant data analyses were done for all studies and in different subgroups, which were produced by limiting analyses to randomised controlled trials only, singleton pregnancies only, or two-arm studies only. This study is registered with PROSPERO, CRD42019131495. Findings: The authors of the 85 studies fulfilling our inclusion criteria were contacted. Individual participant data from 6974 women in 34 studies were included in the meta-analysis, of whom 4726 (67·8%) took ursodeoxycholic acid. Stillbirth occurred in 35 (0·7%) of 5097 fetuses among women with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy treated with ursodeoxycholic acid and in 12 (0·6%) of 2038 fetuses among women with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy not treated with ursodeoxycholic acid (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1·04, 95% CI 0·35–3·07; p=0·95). Ursodeoxycholic acid treatment also had no effect on the prevalence of stillbirth when considering only randomised controlled trials (aOR 0·29, 95% CI 0·04–2·42; p=0·25). Ursodeoxycholic acid treatment had no effect on the prevalence of the composite outcome in all studies (aOR 1·28, 95% CI 0·86–1·91; p=0·22), but was associated with a reduced composite outcome when considering only randomised controlled trials (0·60, 0·39–0·91; p=0·016). Interpretation: Ursodeoxycholic acid treatment had no significant effect on the prevalence of stillbirth in women with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, but our analysis was probably limited by the low overall event rate. However, when considering only randomised controlled trials, ursodeoxycholic acid was associated with a reduction in stillbirth in combination with preterm birth, providing evidence for the clinical benefit of antenatal ursodeoxycholic acid treatment. Funding: Tommy's, the Wellcome Trust, ICP Support, and the National Institute for Health Research.

Graphical abstract, Highlights • An oral high-dose CoQ10 oleogel was assessed in its genotoxicity and acute toxicity. • There was no genotoxic risk associated with the use of CoQ10 oleogel in volunteers. • Biochemical parameters remained within reference values after oleogel treatment. • No signs of toxicity or mortality were observed in the rats exposed to the oleogel. • The novel high-dose CoQ10 oleogel formulation designed is safe for oral consumption., Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) supplementation has demonstrated to be safe and effective in primary and secondary CoQ10 deficiencies. Previously, we have designed a high-dose CoQ10 oleogel (1 g/disk) with excipients used in quantities that do not represent any toxic risk. However, it was necessary to demonstrate their safety in the final formulation. Following this purpose, an acute toxicity study of the oleogel in rats was performed. Furthermore, the genotoxic risk was evaluated in human volunteers after CoQ10 supplementation with oleogel and compared to the solid form (1 g/three 00-size-capsules). In addition, the general health status and possible biochemical changes of the participants were determined using serum parameters. Results suggested the absence of adverse effects caused by the interaction of the components in the oleogel formulation. Therefore, we conclude that the designed novel high-dose CoQ10 oleogel was safe for oral consumption.

The growing impact of organic and inorganic pollutants on the environment has led to the development of numerous strategies to counteract this effect. Among all, green technologies such as phytoremediation, has won relevance for its low cost as well as being an eco-friendly and sustainable process. In the past years, tobacco hairy roots (HRs) have become a good example of the effectiveness of plants as a tool for removing different pollutants. In this sense, the understanding of the intracellular mechanisms involved in the phytoremediation process has become of great interest. Glycerophospholipids (GLPs) are a key factor on intracellular signaling, given that they can activate different pathways, despite there is not enough information available about their levels and fluctuation under certain stress conditions. The aim of this work was to develop of a new chromatographic method coupled to electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) with selected reaction monitoring (SRM) and data dependent scan detection for the evaluation of GLP profile after the exposure to phenol, to get a better understanding of lipids turnover and their effect on signaling pathways. This highly sensitive method allows the identification, separation and quantification in less than a 20 min-run of the eleven most relevant GPL species present in hairy tobacco root extracts after phenol exposure, and is suitable for evaluating small changes in GPL levels.

Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is used in the oral therapy of hepatobiliary cholestatic diseases. Due to UDCA low aqueous solubility, two pediatric oral suspensions (25 mg/mL) were formulated with a f...

The aim of this work was to study the early events that occur in heart mitochondria and to analyse the temporal evolution of cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction in a type 1 diabetes model. Male Wistar rats were injected with Streptozotocin (STZ, single dose, 60 mg × kg−1, i.p.) and hyperglycemic state was confirmed 72 h later. The animals were sacrificed 10 or 14 days after STZ-injection. Heart mitochondrial state 3 O2 consumption sustained by malate-glutamate (21%) or by succinate (16%), and complexes I-III (27%), II-III (24%) and IV (22%) activities were lower in STZ group, when animals were sacrificed at day 14, i.e. ~11 days of hyperglycemia. In contrast, after 10 days of STZ-injection (~7 days of hyperglycemia), only the state 3 O2 consumption sustained by malate-glutamate (23%) and its corresponding respiratory control (30%) were lower in diabetic rats, in accordance with complex I-III activity reduction (17%). Therefore, this time (~7 days of hyperglycemia) has been considered as an “early stage” of cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction. At this point, mitochondrial production rates of H2O2 (117%), NO (30%) and ONOO− (~225%), and mtNOS expression (29%) were higher; and mitochondrial SOD activity (15%) and [GSH + GSSG] (28%) were lower in diabetic rats. Linear correlations between the modified mitochondrial parameters and glycemias were observed. PGC-1α expression was similar between groups, suggesting that mitochondrial biogenesis was not triggered in this initial phase of mitochondrial dysfunction. Consequently, complex I, H2O2 and NO could be considered early subcellular signals of cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction, with NO and H2O2 being located upstream de novo synthesis of mitochondria.

Magnetic nanoparticles decorated with d -galactose and galactitol (Fe3O4@SiN-galactose and Fe3O4@SiN-galactitol) were synthesized and employed as sorbent in a magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) procedure prior the analysis of aminoglycosides (AGs) in honey samples by LC-MS/MS. AGs are broad spectrum antibiotics, characterized by aminosugars, widespread used in therapeutic and veterinary applications. AGs can be found in the environment and food of animal origin. Fe3O4@SiN-galactose and Fe3O4@SiN-galactitol were synthesized via copper catalyzed alkyne azide cycloaddition and the synthesis was efficiently followed by infrared spectroscopy. They were characterized by electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and magnetization curves. The nature of the loading (acetonitrile:water, 50:50 v/v) and elution solution (formic acid 190 mM) were studied in order to optimize the MSPE. Quantitative difference between MSPE with Fe3O4@SiN-galactose and MSPE with Fe3O4@SiN-galactitol in terms of recovery was found. The final optimized method using Fe3O4@SiN-galactose and Fe3O4@SiN-galactitol was applied in the determination of AGs in honey. The MSPE performance of Fe3O4@SiN-galactitol was found to be superior to that of MSPE with Fe3O4@SiN-galactose. The limits of quantification were between 2 and 19 μg kg−1 for amikacin, dihydrostreptomycin, tobramicyn and gentamycin. A good correlation between predicted and nominal values of AGs in honey was found (trueness from 84% to 109%). This MSPE procedure not only requires a minimum amount of sorbent (1 mg) and sample (0.2 g), but it can also be accomplish in a rather short time.

RESUMEN Introducción: Resultados de nuestro laboratorio sugieren que la disfunción mitocondrial en el corazón precede a la falla miocárdica asociada a la hiperglucemia sostenida. Objetivo: Estudiar los eventos tempranos que ocurren en las mitocondrias de corazón en un modelo de diabetes mellitus tipo 1. Materiales y métodos: Ratas Wistar macho fueron inyectadas con estreptozotocina (STZ; 60 mg/kg, ip) y sacrificadas 10 o 14 días posinyección. Se obtuvo la fracción mitocondrial de corazón. Resultados: El consumo de O2 en estado 3 en presencia de malato-glutamato (21%) o succinato (16%) y las actividades de los complejos I-III (27%), II-III (24%) y IV (22%) fueron menores en los animales diabéticos a los 14 días posinyección. Cuando los animales se sacrificaron al día 10, solo el consumo de O2 en estado 3 en presencia de sustratos del complejo I (23%) y su control respiratorio (30%) fueron menores en las ratas inyectadas con STZ, de acuerdo con una reducción en la actividad del complejo I-III (17%). Estos cambios se acompañaron de un aumento en las velocidades de producción de H2O2 (117%), NO (30%) y ONOO- (∼225%), en la expresión de mtNOS (29%) y en la [O2 -]ss (∼150%) y [NO]ss (∼30%), junto con una disminución de la actividad de la Mn-SOD (15%) y la [GSSG+GSH]mitocondrial (28%), sin cambios en la expresión de PGC-1α. Conclusión: La disfunción del complejo I y el aumento en la generación de H2O2, NO y ONOO- pueden considerarse señales subcelulares prodrómicas del deterioro de la función mitocondrial que precede a la disfunción cardíaca en la diabetes. ABSTRACT Background: Previous results from our laboratory suggest that heart mitochondrial dysfunction precedes myocardial failure associated with sustained hyperglycemia. Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze the early events that take place in heart mitochondria in a type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) model. Methods: Male Wistar rats were injected with streptozotocin (STZ; 60 mg/kg, ip.) to induce DM. They were euthanized 10 or 14 days later and the heart mitochondrial fraction was obtained. Results: State 3 O2 consumption in the presence of malate-glutamate (21%) or succinate (16%), and complex I-III (27%), II-III (24%) and IV (22%) activities were lower in diabetic animals 14 days after STZ injection. When animals were euthanized at day 10, only state 3 O2 consumption sustained by complex I substrates (23%) and its corresponding respiratory control (30%) were lower in rats injected with STZ, in agreement with reduced complex I-III activity (17%). These changes were accompanied by increased H2O2 (117%), NO (30%) and ONOO- (~225%) production rates, mtNOS expression (29%) and O2 - (~150%) and NO (~30%) steady-state concentrations, together with a decrease in Mn-SOD activity (15%) and mitochondrial [GSSG+GSH] (28%), without changes in PGC-1α expression. Conclusion: Complex I dysfunction and increased H2O2, NO and ONOO- production rates can be considered subcellular prodromal signals of the mitochondrial damage that precedes myocardial dysfunction in diabetes.

Previous reports indicate that the central nervous system (CNS) is a target of air pollution, causing tissue damage and functional alterations. Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation have been pointed out as possible mechanisms mediating these effects. The aim of this work was to study the chronic effects of urban air pollution on mice brain cortex, focusing on oxidative stress markers, and mitochondrial function. Male 8-week-old BALB/c mice were exposed to filtered air (FA, control) or urban air (UA) inside whole-body exposure chambers, located in a highly polluted area of Buenos Aires city, for up to 4 weeks. Glutathione levels, assessed as GSH/GSSG ratio, were decreased after 1 and 2 weeks of exposure to UA (45% and 25% respectively vs. FA; p 0.05). A 38% increase in lipid peroxidation was found after 1 week of UA exposure (p 0.05). Regarding protein oxidation, carbonyl content was significantly increased at week 2 in UA-exposed mice, compared to FA-group, and an even higher increment was found after 4 weeks of exposure (week 2: 40% p 0.05, week 4: 54% p 0.001). NADPH oxidase (NOX) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities were augmented at all the studied time points, while superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD cytosolic isoform) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities were increased only after 4 weeks of UA exposure (p 0.05). The increased NOX activity was accompanied with higher expression levels of NOX2 regulatory subunit p47

The aim of this work was to study the early events that occur in heart mitochondria and to analyse the temporal evolution of cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction in a type 1 diabetes model. Male Wistar rats were injected with Streptozotocin (STZ, single dose, 60 mg × kg

Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is a group of inherited disorders that causes a slow and progressive iron deposition in diverse organs, particularly in the liver. Iron overload induces oxidative stress and tissue damage. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a cofactor in the electron-transport chain of the mitochondria, but it is also a potent endogenous antioxidant. CoQ10 interest has recently grown since various studies show that CoQ10 supplementation may provide protective and safe benefits in mitochondrial diseases and oxidative stress disorders. In the present study we sought to determine CoQ10 plasma level in patients recently diagnosed with HH and to correlate it with biochemical, genetic, and histological features of the disease.Plasma levels of CoQ10, iron, ferritin, transferrin and vitamins (A, C and E), liver tests (transaminases, alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin), and histology, as well as three HFE gene mutations (H63D, S654C and C282Y), were assessed in thirty-eight patients (32 males, 6 females) newly diagnosed with HH without treatment and in twenty-five age-matched normolipidemic healthy subjects with no HFE gene mutations (22 males, 3 females) and without clinical or biochemical signs of iron overload or liver diseases.Patients with HH showed a significant decrease in CoQ10 levels respect to control subjects (0.31 ± 0.03 µM vs 0.70 ± 0.06 µM, p 0.001, respectively) independently of the genetic mutation, cirrhosis, transferrin saturation, ferritin level or markers of hepatic dysfunction. Although a decreasing trend in CoQ10 levels was observed in patients with elevated iron levels, no correlation was found between both parameters in patients with HH. Vitamins C and A levels showed no changes in HH patients. Vitamin E was significantly decreased in HH patients (21.1 ± 1.3 µM vs 29.9 ± 2.5 µM, p 0.001, respectively), but no correlation was observed with CoQ10 levels.The decrease in CoQ10 levels found in HH patients suggests that CoQ10 supplementation could be a safe intervention strategy complementary to the traditional therapy to ameliorate oxidative stress and further tissue damage induced by iron overload.

Air pollution exposure positively correlates with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality rates, mainly due to myocardial infarction (MI). Herein, we aimed to study the metabolic mechanisms underlying this association, focusing on the evaluation of cardiac mitochondrial function and dynamics, together with its impact over MI progression. An initial time course study was performed in BALB/c mice breathing filtered air (FA) or urban air (UA) in whole-body exposure chambers located in Buenos Aires City downtown for up to 16 weeks (n = 8 per group and time point). After 12 weeks, lung inflammatory cell recruitment was evident in UA-exposed mice. Interestingly, impaired redox metabolism, characterized by decreased lung SOD activity and increased GSSG levels and NOX activity, precede local inflammation in this group. At this selected time point, additional mice were exposed to FA or UA (n = 12 per group) and alveolar macrophage PM uptake and nitric oxide (NO) production was observed in UA-exposed mice, together with increased pro-inflammatory cytokine levels (TNF-α and IL-6) in BAL and plasma. Consequently, impaired heart tissue oxygen metabolism and altered mitochondrial ultrastructure and function were observed in UA-exposed mice after 12 weeks, characterized by decreased active state respiration and ATP production rates, and enhanced mitochondrial H

Ischemic postconditioning (PostC) reduces infarct size in healthy experimental models. However, if protective effects of PostC are abolished during early stages of atherosclerotic and if this is related with a disbalance in mitochondrial energetics and alterations in thioredoxin-1 (Trx1) is still unknown. The objectives were to generate a murine high-fat diet (HFD)-fed model that developed in a phenotype consistent with early stages of atherosclerosis to then evaluate whether HFD exposure increased oxidative stress and consequently abolished the cardioprotection conferred by PostC. We used C57/BL6 mice fed with control diet (CD) or HFD for 12 weeks. Isolated mice hearts were subjected to 30 min of ischemia and 120 min of reperfusion (I/R group). For PostC group, after ischemia, six cycles of reperfusion/ischemia were performed (10 s per cycle) at the onset of reperfusion. In CD group, the PostC reduced infarct size (CD-I/R: 52.14 ± 2.8 vs. CD-PostC: 36.58 ± 1.8, P < 0.05) and increased phosphorylation of GSK3β (CD-PostC: 2.341 ± 1.03 vs. CD-Baseline: 0.923 ± 0.41 AUOD, P < 0.05), and this cardioprotection was abolished in HFD-exposed mice. HFD increased hydrogen peroxide levels, produced a shift towards an oxidized intracellular environment (GSSG/GSH 2 ), and increased Trx1 expression with higher fractions of oxidized protein. State 3 mitochondrial oxygen consumption in basal conditions decreased 24% in HFD-exposed mice and PostC improved state 3 values only in CD mice. Cellular redox state and mitochondrial bioenergetics were altered in HFD-exposed mice. We demonstrated that alterations in redox state at early stages of atherosclerosis abolished cardioprotective mechanisms, such as those induced by PostC, even with increased Trx1 levels. Fil: Mazo, Tamara Magali. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad Medicina. Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular; Argentina Fil: D'Anunzio, Verónica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad Medicina. Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular; Argentina Fil: Zaobornyj, Tamara. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad Medicina. Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular; Argentina Fil: Perez, Virginia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad Medicina. Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular; Argentina Fil: Gomez, Anabella. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad Medicina. Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular; Argentina Fil: Berg, Gabriela. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Argentina Fil: Barchuk, Magalí. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Ossani, Georgina Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica; Argentina Fil: Martinefski, Manuela Romina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica; Argentina Fil: Tripodi, Valeria Paula. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Lago, Néstor. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica; Argentina Fil: Gelpi, Ricardo Jorge. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad Medicina. Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular; Argentina

Sildenafil is a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor which confers cardioprotection against myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. The aim of this study was to determine if Trx1 participates in cardioprotection exerted by sildenafil in an acute model of I/R, and to evaluate mitochondrial bioenergetics and cellular redox status. Langendorff-perfused hearts from wild type (WT) mice and a dominant negative (DN-Trx1) mutant of Trx1 were assigned to placebo or sildenafil (0.7 mg/kg i.p.) and subjected to 30 min of ischaemia followed by 120 min of reperfusion. WT + S showed a significant reduction of infarct size (51.2 ± 3.0% vs. 30 ± 3.0%

The aim of the study was to evaluate the time course of the effects of urban air pollutants on the ocular surface, focusing on the morphological changes, the redox balance, and the inflammatory response of the cornea. 8-week-old mice were exposed to urban or filtered air (UA-group and FA-group, respectively) in exposure chambers for 1, 2, 4, and 12 weeks. After each time, the eyes were enucleated and the corneas were isolated for biochemical analysis. UA-group corneas exhibited a continuous increase in NADPH oxidase-4 levels throughout the exposure time, suggesting an increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). After 1 week, an early adaptive response to ROS was observed as an increase in antioxidant enzymes. After 4 weeks, the enzymatic antioxidants were decreased, meanwhile an increase of the glutathione was shown, as a later compensatory antioxidant response. However, redox imbalance took place, evidenced by the increased oxidized proteins, which persisted up to 12 weeks. At this time point, corneal epithelium hyperplasia was also observed. The inflammatory response was modulated by the increase in IL-10 levels after 1 week, which early regulates the release of TNF-α and IL-6. These results suggest that air pollution alters the ocular surface, supported by the observed cellular hyperplasia. The redox imbalance and the inflammatory response modulated by IL-10 play a key role in the response triggered by air pollutants on the cornea. Taking into account this time course study, the ocular surface should also be considered as a relevant target of urban air pollutants.

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is an important cofactor in the mitochondrial respiratory chain and a potent endogenous antioxidant. CoQ10 deficiency is currently associated with numerous diseases like mitochondrial and neurodegenerative pathologies, in which the earliest diagnosis and treatment with CoQ10 supplementation becomes paramount for patient's treatment. Consequently, the determination of CoQ10 levels in different biological matrices positions as a fundamental tool. Urine is an attractive and non-invasive alternative source to tissue, blood or other biofluids for CoQ10 analysis. However, it poses an analytical challenge, as it generally requires a complex sample preparation, with multiple steps. In this work we developed and validated a molecularly imprinted polymer solid phase extraction (MIP-SPE) followed by a HPLC-MS/MS method for the analysis of CoQ10 in urine. The MIP-SPE method developed is simple and fast compared to previously traditional reported methods, with reduced processing time, improved sample cleaning and excellent recovery values, along with its inherent high selectivity. The developed chromatographic method was validated according to FDA guidelines, and demonstrated to be suitable for the analysis of CoQ10 in urine samples with LOQ and LOD values of 0.6 ng/mL and 0.2 ng/mL of CoQ10 in urine respectively. Recovery values at three concentration levels were higher than 90.0%.The proposed method is amenable to be applied in pediatric patients due to the low sample requirement and useful for diagnosis and post-treatment control. Fil: García Becerra, Cristian Ezequiel. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica; Argentina Fil: Baez, Francisco. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; Argentina Fil: Lucangioli, Silvia Edith. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica; Argentina Fil: Flor, Sabrina Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica; Argentina Fil: Tripodi, Valeria Paula. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; Argentina

Aim: Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is considered a high-risk condition because it may have serious consequences for the fetus health. ICP is characterized by the accumulation of bile acids in maternal serum which contribute to an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species and the antioxidant defenses increasing the oxidative stress experienced by the fetus. Previously, it was reported a significant decrease in plasma coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) in women with ICP. CoQ10 is a redox substance integrated in the mitochondrial respiratory chain and is recognized as a potent antioxidant playing an intrinsic role against oxidative damage. The objective of the present study was to investigate the levels of CoQ10 in umbilical cord blood during normal pregnancy and in those complicated with ICP, all of them compared to the maternal ones. Methods: CoQ10 levels and bile acid levels in maternal and umbilical cord blood levels during normal pregnancies (n = 23) and in those complicated with ICP (n = 13), were investigated. Fil: Martinefski, Manuela Romina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica; Argentina Fil: Cocucci, Silvina Ema. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Hospital de Clínicas General San Martín; Argentina Fil: Di Carlo, María Beatriz. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Hospital de Clínicas General San Martín; Argentina Fil: Vega, Hilda Ruda. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Hospital de Clínicas General San Martín; Argentina Fil: Lucangioli, Silvia Edith. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Perazzi, Beatriz Elizabeth. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Hospital de Clínicas General San Martín; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica; Argentina Fil: Tripodi, Valeria Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica; Argentina

Objectives Conduct a preliminary comparison of the bioavailability between two formulations: commercial grade coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) powder (solid formulation) and a new oil-in-water liquid emulsion and their effect on other antioxidants. Methods Six healthy individuals participated in a randomized, crossover, open, consecutive design, with a 2-week washout period. Pharmacokinetic parameters were assessed after a single and multiple intakes of 250 mg CoQ10 given daily for 1 week. Key Findings The differences in the pharmacokinetic parameters of maximum plasma concentration, area under the curve between 0–360 and 0–4 h, elimination half-life were statistically significant with a relative bioavailability of 489% increase over solid CoQ10 formulation. A multiple dose supplementation increased plasma CoQ10 levels in both formulations, liquid emulsion performing better (2.4- vs 3.9-fold for solid and liquid formulation, respectively) without modifications on other antioxidants. Furthermore, the plasma CoQ10 at 7th day was statistically different between formulations (P < 0.05). Conclusions The results obtained showed that liquid emulsion improves the bioavailability of CoQ10 respect to solid form which not only facilitates the individualized administration for the child but in turn could increase the therapeutic efficacy, which should be confirmed by further studies.

Molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles (MIPNPs) with the ability to recognize coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) were synthesised in order to be employed as sorbent in a dispersive micro-solid phase extraction (DMSPE) for the determination of CoQ10 in a liver extract. CoQ10 is a redox-active, lipophilic substance integrated in the mitochondrial respiratory chain which acts as an electron carrier, shuttling electrons from complex I (NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase) and II (succinate-ubiquinone oxidoreductase) to complex III (ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase), for the production of cellular energy. The MIPNPs were synthesised by precipitation polymerization using coenzyme Q0 as the dummy template, methacrylic acid as the functional monomer, an acetonitrile: water mixture as the porogen, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as the crosslinker and potassium persulfate as initiator. The nanoparticles were characterized by microscopy, capillary electrophoresis, dynamic light scattering, N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms, and infrared spectroscopy. The MIPNPs demonstrated the presence of selective cavities complementary to the quinone nucleus of CoQ10, leading to a specific recognition of CoQ10 compared with related compounds. In the liver extract the relative CoQ10 peak area (CoQ10 area/total peak area) increased from 4.6% to 25.4% after the DMSPE procedure. The recovery percentage of CoQ10 from the liver matrix was between 70.5% and 83.7% quantified against CoQ10 standard processed under the same conditions. The DMSPE procedure allows the elution of almost all the CoQ10 retained (99.4%) in a small volume (200 μL), allowing the sample to be concentrated 2.5 times (LOD: 1.1 μg g−1 and LOQ: 3.7 μg g−1 of tissue). The resulted clean up of the sample, the improvement in peak shape and baseline and the reduction of interferences, evidence that the MIPNPs could potentially be applied as sorbent in a DMSPE with satisfactory results and with a minimum amount of sorbent (1 mg).

Alginate of known copolymer composition was applied to antioxidant film developed by loading L-(+)-ascorbic (AA) and citric (CA) acids. Relative humidity (RH, 33.3–75.2%) of storage (25.0 °C) and glycerol (plasticizer) level, separately and through their interaction, decreased the AA hydrolytic stability and, hence, the antioxidant half-life of films. Glycerol can facilitate the water penetration from the environment into the polymeric network. The CA content did not vary during film storage. Film browning was then associated to AA degradation. However, CA slowed down the browning development at longer storage times because of the changes in the kinetic order. It may catalyze the formation of unstable color compounds. The present work permitted to determine that AA and CA were 100% recovered after film casting. Also, it allowed finding the adequate film composition and period where the alginate film supporting AA and CA can be used as an antioxidant active interface for food preservation.

Exposure to ambient air particulate matter (PM) is associated with increased cardiorespiratory morbidity and mortality. In this context, alveolar macrophages exhibit proinflammatory and oxidative responses as a result of the clearance of particles, thus contributing to lung injury. However, the mechanisms linking these pathways are not completely clarified. Therefore, the oxinflammation phenomenon was studied in RAW 264.7 macrophages exposed to Residual Oil Fly Ash (ROFA), a PM surrogate rich in transition metals. While cell viability was not compromised under the experimental conditions, a proinflammatory phenotype was observed in cells incubated with ROFA 100 μg/mL, characterized by increased levels of TNF-α and NO production, together with PM uptake. This inflammatory response seems to precede alterations in redox metabolism, characterized by augmented levels of H2O2, diminished GSH/GSSG ratio, and increased SOD activity. This scenario resulted in increased oxidative damage to phospholipids. Moreover, alterations in mitochondrial respiration were observed following ROFA incubation, such as diminished coupling efficiency and spare respiratory capacity, together with augmented proton leak. These findings were accompanied by a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential. Finally, NADPH oxidase (NOX) and mitochondria were identified as the main sources of superoxide anion ([Formula presented]) in our model. These results indicate that PM exposure induces direct activation of macrophages, leading to inflammation and increased reactive oxygen species production through NOX and mitochondria, which impairs antioxidant defense and may cause mitochondrial dysfunction. Fil: Cáceres, Lourdes. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica; Argentina Fil: Paz, Mariela Laura. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología y Biotecnología. Cátedra de Inmunología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral Prof. Ricardo A. Margni. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral Prof. Ricardo A. Margni; Argentina Fil: Garcés, Mariana. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica; Argentina Fil: Calabró López, María Valeria. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad Medicina. Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular; Argentina Fil: Magnani, Natalia Daniela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad Medicina. Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica; Argentina Fil: Martinefski, Manuela. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica; Argentina Fil: Martino Adami, Pamela Victoria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires. Fundación Instituto Leloir. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires; Argentina Fil: Caltana, Laura Romina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia "Prof. Eduardo de Robertis". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia; Argentina Fil: Tasat, Deborah. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología. Centro de Estudios en Salud y Medio Ambiente; Argentina Fil: Morelli, Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires. Fundación Instituto Leloir. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires; Argentina Fil: Tripodi, Valeria Paula. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Valacchi, Giuseppe. Università di Ferrara; Italia Fil: Alvarez, Silvia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad Medicina. Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular; Argentina Fil: Gonzalez Maglio, Daniel Horacio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral Prof. Ricardo A. Margni. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral Prof. Ricardo A. Margni; Argentina Fil: Marchini, Timoteo Oscar. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad Medicina. Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular; Argentina Fil: Evelson, Pablo Andrés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad Medicina. Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular; Argentina

Introducción: hemos demostrado (Bombicino et al., 2016 y 2017) que 25 días de hiperglucemia sostenida conducen a una disfunción mitocondrial cardíaca generalizada que incluye disminución del consumo de O2 tisular y mitocondrial, de las actividades de los complejos I-III, II-III y IV, de la producción de ATP, de la relación ADP/O y de la actividad de Mn-SOD, acompañado de un aumento en las velocidades de producción de H2O2, NO y ONOO-, y al desencadenamiento de biogénesis mitocondrial, aunque las “nuevas” mitocondrias muestran alteraciones estructurales. Dicha disfunción se presenta en ausencia de hipertrofia y de cambios en la función cardíaca en reposo, pero con compromiso cardíaco ante una sobrecarga de trabajo, sugiriendo que la disfunción mitocondrial precede a la falla miocárdica en pacientes diabéticos.Objetivos: estudiar los eventos tempranos y analizar la evolución temporal de la disfunción mitocondrial cardíaca en un modelo de diabetes tipo 1.Materiales y métodos: se indujo diabetes en ratas Wistar macho mediante una dosis de estreptozotocina (STZ, 60 mg/kg, ip). La glucemia se determinó a las 72 h (C:127±5, DM:415±23 mg/dl). Los animales se sacrificaron 7, 10 ó 14 días post-inyección de STZ (4, 7 ó 11 días de hiperglucemia) y se extrajeron los corazones. Se determinó la funcionalidad y biogénesis mitocondrial, la generación de especies reactivas del oxígeno y nitrógeno y el estado redox.

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is essential in mitochondrial bioenergetics and is a potent endogenous antioxidant. Low CoQ10 levels are associated with neurodegenerative, metabolic, muscular and cardiovascular disorders. Early treatment with high doses (5–50 mg/kg/day) demonstrated to limit the onset and progression of neuropathology. Recently, we developed an oleogel matrix able to support a high dose of oil-dissolved CoQ10, easy to swallow by CoQ10-deficient patients who suffer from secondary dysphagia. In the present study, we evaluated the bioavailability of oleogel-dissolved CoQ10 and plasma antioxidant status in healthy adults in single-dose and repeated-dose studies. The single-dose study demonstrated that, in terms of CoQ10 bioavailability, 1 g CoQ10/5g oleogel-disk was equivalent to the solid form (1 g CoQ10/three 00-size-capsules), whereas the repeated-dose study (14-days-administration) demonstrated a significantly higher increase in plasma CoQ10 when administered through the oleogel, which could be compatible with the levels necessary to achieve an adequate therapeutic response. Also, a trend to a higher plasma apparent half-life (greater than24 h) was observed for the oleogel-loaded-CoQ10. In conclusion, the oleogel matrix does not compromise the oil-dissolved CoQ10 bioavailability and can prevent the non-adherence to this vital supplementation in patients with high CoQ10 requirements. No significant variation in the plasma antioxidant status (vitamins A, E and C, glutathione and TBARs) was observed.

Cholestasis is defined as the impairment in formation or excretion of bile from the liver to the intestine. It may result from defects in intrahepatic production of bile, impairment of hepatic transmembrane transporters, or mechanical obstruction to bile flow. In cholestasis, hepatocytes are exposed to high levels of bile acids, particularly those bearing hydrophobic properties. The increase in bile acids induces oxidative stress, leading to an imbalance in the prooxidant:antioxidant ratio which determines the final cellular redox status. This chapter will focus on the close relationship between bile acids and the most powerful endogenous antioxidant, coenzyme Q10 in cholestasis, and the eventual alternative therapeutic option of CoQ10 supplementation to current traditional therapies. Fil: Martinefski, Manuela Romina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; Argentina Fil: Lucangioli, Silvia Edith. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; Argentina Fil: Bianciotti, Liliana Graciela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas. Cátedra de Fisiopatología; Argentina Fil: Tripodi, Valeria Paula. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; Argentina

WOS: 000477016300004, Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) affects less than 0.1% to 0.2% of pregnant women. It is diagnosed in women with gestational pruritus and increased serum bile acids and can be complicated by preterm labor, fetal asphyxia, meconium-stained amniotic fluid, and stillbirth.

Cherry phenolics extracted by 90°C-water were loaded in a low-methoxyl-pectin (LMP) film for antioxidant preservation. Dark red films (pH = 3.46) contained flavonols (dihydrokaempferol-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside), hydroxycinnamic acids (neochlorogenic, chlorogenic, 3-p-coumaroylquinic acids), and anthocyanins (cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside), with a 6.97 × 10−12 m2/s diffusion coefficient. Phenolics’ stability was studied at constant relative humidity (RH: 57.7; 75.2%) and 25.0 °C. The pseudo-first-order de gradation rate was the highest (t1/2 = 3-2 months) and increased with the equilibration RH in darkness for anthocyanins, with simultaneous red vanishing by water nucleophilic attack. Instead, flavonols remained stable (t1/2 >1.5 years). Light (75.2%RH) induced the highest phenolics-degradation-rates, especially for anthocyanins (t1/2 = 11d), sensitizer, and film red color. Flavonols-decay was the slowest (t1/2 = 7–12 months). Antioxidant capacity paralleled phenolics-content. Hydroxycinnamic acids followed by flavonols could scavenge the singlet oxygen. Light-triggered LMP-matrix―phenolic interactions were determined, producing the lowest film water content and deformability. Cherry phenolics stabilized as a colored film constituted a food preserving antioxidant barrier. Fil: Basanta, Maria Florencia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Industrias; Argentina Fil: Rojas, Ana Maria Luisa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Industrias; Argentina Fil: Martinefski, Manuela Romina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica; Argentina Fil: Tripodi, Valeria Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica; Argentina Fil: De'nobili, Maria Dolores. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Industrias; Argentina Fil: Fissore, Eliana Noemi. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Industrias; Argentina

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a mitochondrial respiratory cofactor and potent endogenous antioxidant. In CoQ10-deficient patients, early treatment with high-oral doses (5–50 mg/kg/day) can limit the progression of renal disease and the onset of neurological manifestations. Crystalline CoQ10 is lipophilic, water-insoluble, and poorly absorbed in the gut. Here, CoQ10 showed low bulk density, another important disadvantage in solid oral formulations. Thus, we propose the use of oleogels to maintain dissolved a high-dose of CoQ10 in medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) oil, using ethylcellulose (EC) for gelling, and a surfactant (sorbitan monostearate –SMS- or lecithin). “True gels” were only obtained with the surfactant presence. Thermoreversible oleogels with 1 g of dissolved CoQ10 per 5 g-disk were successfully developed with proved stability and solubility for 12 months (25.0 °C). SMS was better than lecithin as a surfactant because it allowed lower syneresis, higher CoQ10 retention for 12 months, and notably higher oxidative-stability of the MCT-oil, best immobilized by its true gel network. Plastic deformation without fracture was determined under compression, emulating the soft deformation behavior inside the mouth. SMS-oleogels allowed loading a maximal solubilized CoQ10 dose with maximal stability, and may be easier to swallow by CoQ10-deficient patients who suffer from secondary dysphagia.

Objective: To develop a highly sensitive LC-MS/MS (liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry)method applied to the detection and quantitation of UDCA (ursodeoxycholic acid) related substances such as CA (cholic acid), DCA(deoxycholic acid), CDCA (chenodeoxycholic acid) and LCA (lithocholic acid) in raw material and pharmaceutical formulation.Methods: The method was validated for specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, robustness. A triple quadrupole mass detector wasemployed, equipped with an ESI (electrospray ionization) source operated in the negative ion mode. The chromatographic systemconsisted of a Symmetry C18 column (150 mm × 4.6 mm, id; particle size 5 µm) and methanol-acetonitrile-ammonium acetate (pH 7.6;10 mM) (40:40:20, v/v/v) as the mobile phase. The chromatographic conditions were 25 uL injection volume, flow rate of 0.4 mL/minand column temperature set at 35 °C. Key findings: The method requires a minimum sample amount and presents very low LOD(limits of detection) for CA (0.29 ng/mL), DCA (0.59 ng/mL), CDCA (0.13 ng/mL) and LCA (0.44 ng/mL) in comparison to LCmethods coupled to different detectors like UV (ultraviolet), fluorescence and refractive index. Conclusions: The developed andvalidated LC-MS/MS method for the determination of UDCA and related substances in raw material and in a suspension wasadvantageous since it required a minimum sample amount. In turn, it could be used as a stability indicating method. Fil: Boscolo, Oriana. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; Argentina Fil: Flor, Sabrina Andrea. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica. Cátedra de Química Analítica; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; Argentina Fil: Dobrecky Ceciclia. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Farmacología; Argentina Fil: Martinefski, Manuela Romina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica. Cátedra de Química Analítica; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; Argentina Fil: Tripodi, Valeria Paula. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; Argentina Fil: Lucangioli, Silvia Edith. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; Argentina

Biodegradability of chlorhexidine (CH), triclosan (TC), and benzalkonium chloride (CBA) has been tested in 18 surface water sampling points in the urban area of Buenos Aires. Sampling points were located in both the Reconquista and the Matanza-Riachuelo basins as well as in the La Plata River. High tolerance to the three disinfectants was found and indigenous strains capable of degrading CBA and TC were isolated. Neither tolerance nor biodegradation were correlated with sewage pollution. A strain that degrades CBA was identified as belonging to the genus Pseudomonas using the API20NE system and 16SRNA sequencing. In batch assays, the strain was capable of degrading 100, 200, and up to 500 mg L−1 of CBA in 10, 25, and 46 h respectively with specific growth rates (μ) of 0.56, 0.30, and 0.14 h−1. The efficiency of the process was between 99.5–98.0% in terms of compound removal and between 93.8–89.1% in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD). The detoxification of the compound as a result of the biodegradation was assessed using Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Vibrio fischeri, and Lactuca sativa as test organisms. Fil: Fortunato, María Susana. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Sanidad, Nutrición, Bromatología y Toxicología. Cátedra de Higiene y Sanidad; Argentina Fil: Baroni, Sabina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Sanidad, Nutrición, Bromatología y Toxicología. Cátedra de Higiene y Sanidad; Argentina Fil: González, Ana Julieta. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Sanidad, Nutrición, Bromatología y Toxicología. Cátedra de Higiene y Sanidad; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Álvarez Roncancio, Jesús David. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Sanidad, Nutrición, Bromatología y Toxicología. Cátedra de Higiene y Sanidad; Argentina Fil: Papalia, Mariana Andrea. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología y Biotecnología. Cátedra de Microbiología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Martinefski, Manuela Romina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica; Argentina Fil: Tripodi, Valeria Paula. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Planes, Estela. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial; Argentina Fil: Gallego, Alfredo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Sanidad, Nutrición, Bromatología y Toxicología. Cátedra de Higiene y Sanidad; Argentina Fil: Korol, Sonia Edith. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Sanidad, Nutrición, Bromatología y Toxicología. Cátedra de Higiene y Sanidad; Argentina

A new simple and highly sensitive HPLC-UV method for the analysis of paclitaxel in Taxol® and Abraxane® has been developed which also allows the quantification in biological samples of pharmacokimnetic studies with a very easy sample preparation. The proposed method has advantages over previously reported methods, such as an increase in sensitivity up to 20 times, good accuracy in terms of recovery that allows to work without addition of internal standard and a simple sample preparation in one step. The analysis was carried out using a Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C18 (4.6 × 150 mm, 3.5 μm) with a column guard. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile: water (50: 50) and the flow rate was 1 mL/min, the detection wavelength was 227 nm, the injection volume 5 μL and the analysis was performed at room temperature. The method was validated according ICH guidelines and FDA guidelines for validation of bioanalytical methods. Linearity was evaluated in the range from 0.005 ? 50.0 μg/mL, with a regression coefficient (R2) of 0.9967. LOD and LOQ were 0.001 and 0.005 μg/mL respectively. Fil: Bernabeu, Ezequiel Adrian. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Flor, Sabrina Andrea. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Höcht, Christian. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Farmacología; Argentina Fil: Taira, Carlos Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Farmacología; Argentina Fil: Chiappetta, Diego Andrés. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Tripodi, Valeria Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica; Argentina Fil: Lucangioli, Silvia Edith. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

Optimization and validation of a capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) method for the determination of inner and external inorganic sulfate from doxorubicin-loaded liposomes as a measurement of encapsulation efficiency are presented. Sulfate was determined using a fused silica capillary (50 cm x 75 μm ID) and background electrolyte (BGE) composed of 5 mM chromate with 1 mM of TTAB at pH 10.5 with indirect UV detection at 254 nm. The separations were achieved at temperature of 25 ºC, 5 kV of reverse applied voltage using a pressure of 0.5 psi for 5s of sample introduction. Sulfate quantitation from the outside of liposomes was obtained by simple dilution of the liposome sample but an extraction with a non-ionic surfactant and a mixture of methanol-chloroform-water were necessary to breakdown the liposomes for the quantitation of the total sulfate (inside and outside) with acceptable recovery percentages (96.3% to 102.6%). Parameters of validation were evaluated according to ICH guidelines such as specificity, linearity, LOD, LOQ, accuracy, precision and robustness. The proposed CE method resulted to be suitable for the inner and external sulfate analysis of doxorubicin-loaded liposomes for routine quality and stability control studies. Fil: Flor, Sabrina Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica; Argentina Fil: Estevez, Pablo Nicolás. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica; Argentina Fil: Tripodi, Valeria Paula. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Legaspi, María Julia. Laboratorios Raffo S. A.; Argentina Fil: Mammarela, Carlos. Laboratorios Raffo S. A.; Argentina Fil: Lucangioli, Silvia Edith. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

The aim of the present study was to characterize the neurophysiological profile of cognitive impairment associated with patients with chronic alcoholic and nonalcoholic liver disease. The authors evaluated 43 patients with cirrhotic liver disease: 19 patients with chronic alcohol ingestion and 24 nonalcoholic patients who had been infected with hepatitis B or C virus. Eleven healthy subjects were included as control subjects. A battery of 12 psychological tests was used to investigate cognitive deficits in the patients with chronic liver disease. It was observed that alcoholic patients with chronic liver disease showed a more important cognitive deterioration than those affected by hepatitis B or C virus. Fil: Brodersen, Carlos. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Agudos "Carlos G. Durand"; Argentina Fil: Koen, Eduardo. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Agudos "Carlos G. Durand"; Argentina Fil: Ponte, Alicia. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Agudos "Carlos G. Durand"; Argentina Fil: Sánchez, Silvina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Agudos "Carlos G. Durand"; Argentina Fil: Segal, Eduardo. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Agudos "Carlos G. Durand"; Argentina Fil: Chiapella, Alberto. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Agudos "Carlos G. Durand"; Argentina Fil: Fernandez, María. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas. Cátedra de Fisiopatología; Argentina Fil: Torres, María. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas. Cátedra de Fisiopatología; Argentina Fil: Tripodi, Valeria Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica; Argentina Fil: Lemberg, Abraham. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas. Cátedra de Fisiopatología; Argentina

A stereoselective CD-MEKC system has been developed for the quality control of Montelukast(MK), commercialized as a pure enantiomer. The proposedmethod is the first onethat allows the simultaneous determination ofMK, its enantiomeric form, diasteroisomersand its main degradation compound (MK sulphoxide). CD-MEKC system is composed of10 mM SDS, 10 mM sulfobutylether--CD, 10 mM TM--CD, and 20 mM borate bufferat pH 9.0. Combination of these two CDs allows high baseline enantioresolution betweenMK and its enantiomeric impurity, but also, between the diasteroisomeric forms. Moreover,a multivariate design was applied to optimize operational parameters. The methodwas designed to meet with requirements of the official pharmacopoeias and fully validatedaccording to international guidelines. Linearity ofMKwas demonstrated in the range from10.0 to 100.0 g/mL (r2 = 0.9908) with a LOD and LOQ of 0.30 and 0.90 g/mL, respectively.Intra and interday precision were evaluated and RSD values were below 2%, andalso, accuracy expressed as percentage of recovery was in a range from 99.0 to 101.9 for thethree assayed levels. The method allows determining 0.02% w/w of the enantiomeric anddiasteroisomeric impurities, and 0.01% w/w ofMK sulphoxide. Robustness was evaluatedby a Plackett and Burman design. Finally, the CD-MEKC system was successfully appliedto the determination of related substances in MK bulk drug and its quantification in twopediatric pharmaceutical dosage forms. Fil: Flor, Sabrina Andrea. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; Argentina Fil: Huala, J. M.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica; Argentina Fil: Tripodi, Valeria Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica; Argentina Fil: Lucangioli, Silvia Edith. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica; Argentina

A simple, sensitive and stability indicative method for the simultaneous quantification of ethionamide (ETA) in raw material and pharmaceutical dosage forms by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was developed. Chromatographic separation was archieved on a ODS-3 column (250 × 4.0 mm, 5 μm) with acetonitrile-0.05% trifluoroacetic acid (30:70) as mobile phase with isocratic elution, at wavelength 270 nm and at room temperature (22 ºC). The developed method was validated according to the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines regarding and it was found to be suitable for the quality control and stability studies of ETA. The proposed method showed adequate linearity.The recovery at 80, 100, and 120% of working concentration level was within 98.0 to 102.0%. The validated method is highly selective, simple, accurate, cost effective, and it is applicable for stability studies and routine quality control analysis in the pharmaceutical industries. Se desarrolló un método simple, sensible e indicativo de la estabilidad para la cuantificación simultánea de etionamida (ETA) en la materia prima y las formas de dosificación farmacéuticas por cromatografía lí- quida de alta resolución (HPLC). La separación cromatográfica fue obtenida con una columna de ODS-3 (250 × 4,0 mm, 5 μm) con una solución al 0,05% de ácido trifluoroacético y acetonitrilo (30:70) como fase móvil con elución isocrática, a una longitud de onda de 270 nm y a temperatura ambiente (22 ºC). El método desarrollado se validó de acuerdo con la Conferencia Internacional de Armonización (ICH) y se encontró que era adecuado para los estudios de control de calidad y la estabilidad de ETA. El método propuesto demostró una linealidad adecuada. La recuperación a 80, 100, y 120% del nivel de concentración de trabajo estuvo dentro del 98,0 al 102,0%. El método validado es altamente selectivo, simple, preciso, de bajo costo y aplicable para estudios de estabilidad y análisis de control de calidad de rutina en la industria farmacéutica. Fil: Roselli, Virginia. Quality Control Catalysis Argentina Laboratory, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Argentina Fil: Guerrero, Federico Nicolás. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica; Argentina Fil: Tripodi, Valeria Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Farmacología; Argentina Fil: Lucangioli, Silvia Edith. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica; Argentina Fil: Manco, Karina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica; Argentina

Water from six points from the Riachuelo-Matanza basin was analyzed in order to assess ibuprofen biodegradability. In four of them biodegradation of ibuprofen was proved and degrading bacterial communities were isolated. Biodegradation in each point could not be correlated with sewage pollution. The indigenous bacterial community isolated from the point localized in the La Noria Bridge showed the highest degradative capacity and was selected to perform batch and continuous degradation assays. The partial 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that the community consisted of Comamonas aquatica and Bacillus sp. In batch assays the community was capable of degrading 100 mg L−1 of ibuprofen in 33 h, with a specific growth rate (μ) of 0.21 h−1. The removal of the compound, as determined by High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), exceeded 99% of the initial concentration, with a 92.3% removal of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). In a down-flow fixed-bed continuous reactor, the community shows a removal efficiency of 95.9% of ibuprofen and 92.3% of COD for an average inlet concentration of 110.4 mg. The reactor was kept in operation for 70 days. The maximal removal rate for the compound was 17.4 g m−3 d−1. Scanning electron microscopy was employed to observe biofilm development in the reactor. The ability of the isolated indigenous community can be exploited to improve the treatment of wastewaters containing ibuprofen. Fil: Fortunato, María Susana. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Sanidad, Nutrición, Bromatología y Toxicología. Cátedra de Higiene y Sanidad; Argentina Fil: Fuentes Abril, Nancy Piedad. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Sanidad, Nutrición, Bromatología y Toxicología. Cátedra de Higiene y Sanidad; Argentina Fil: Martinefski, Manuela Romina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica. Cátedra de Química Analítica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Tripodi, Valeria Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica; Argentina Fil: Papalia, Mariana Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología y Biotecnología. Cátedra de Microbiología; Argentina Fil: Radice, Marcela Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología y Biotecnología. Cátedra de Microbiología; Argentina Fil: Gutkind, Gabriel Osvaldo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología y Biotecnología. Cátedra de Microbiología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Gallego, Alfredo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Sanidad, Nutrición, Bromatología y Toxicología. Cátedra de Higiene y Sanidad; Argentina Fil: Korol, Sonia Edith. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Sanidad, Nutrición, Bromatología y Toxicología. Cátedra de Higiene y Sanidad; Argentina

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a cofactor in the respiratory chain and a potent endogenous antioxidant. Abnormally low levels of CoQ10 in the circulatory system are often involved with pathological states such as heart failure, mitochondrial and muscular diseases, and cancer. The development of simple, rapid, and highly sensitive methods capable of quantifying low CoQ10 levels in plasma is, therefore, increasingly required. In this work, we developed a miniaturized HPLC-UV system for the determination CoQ10 in human plasma using an XTerra microcolumn (50 mm × 2.1 mm i.d., 3.5 µm particle size), methanol:water (98:2, v/v) as mobile phase, 275 nm, flow rate of 0.3 mL/min, 30 °C column temperature, and 2 µL injection volume. The extraction procedure consists of a plasma precipitation with 1-propanol and evaporation under nitrogen to allow a 1.5-fold enrichment. The chromatographic analysis was accomplished in 7 min. As a result, it was possible to quantitate CoQ10 in small sample volumes down to 0.07 µM and detect as low as 0.02 µM in real plasma, with good accuracy and precision, even in pathological conditions. The proposed method was found to be suitable for routine CoQ10 determination in clinical laboratories. Fil: Contin, Mario Daniel. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica. Cátedra de Química Analítica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; Argentina Fil: Lucangioli, Silvia Edith. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; Argentina Fil: Martinefski, Manuela Romina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica. Cátedra de Química Analítica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; Argentina Fil: Flor, Sabrina Andrea. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica. Cátedra de Química Analítica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; Argentina Fil: Tripodi, Valeria Paula. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica. Cátedra de Química Analítica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; Argentina