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1. Crop-specific response of soil prokaryotic community to long-term intensification management: the importance of crop phase at sampling

Author

Juan P. Frene, Silvina Bacigaluppo, Mariana Maury, Jimena Ortiz, Maximo Rivarola, Fernando Salvagiotti, and Valeria Faggioli

Subjects
soil microbiome, maize, soybean, wheat, cover crops, N fertilization, Agriculture, Plant culture, SB1-1110
Abstract

IntroductionThe ecosystem services provided by soil microbial communities are critical for the resilience of agroecosystems, ensuring environmental conservation and food security. Long-term experiments comparing contrasting crop rotations are valuable tools for monitoring microbial responses, but they rarely include all crop phases within a single year. Therefore, the long-term agronomic impact may be masked by the immediate effect of the crop evaluated. In this study, we compared different crop rotations based on the Intensification Sequence Index (ISI), which considers the soil occupation time, and analyzed the impact of cover crops and two nitrogen fertilization strategies.Material and methodsWe used an experiment initiated in 2006 with the following crop rotations: Soybean-Soybean, Maize-Wheat/Soybean, and Maize-Soybean-Wheat/Soybean. Soil samples were taken after the harvest of each summer crop phase (i.e., Soybean, Maize, Wheat/Soybean), and the soil prokaryotic community was monitored using 16S rRNA gene sequencing.Results and discussionWe observed that ISI and crop phase were the main predictors of microbial community composition, explaining 14.7% and 13.0% of the variation, respectively. Nitrogen fertilization had a minor effect (3.12%) and was detected only after maize sampling; cover crops had no significant effect. However, the presence of cover crops showed higher alpha diversity and an increased abundance of Proteobacteria. Maize enriched the abundance of certain taxa of Planctomycetes and Verrucomicrobia, while Soybean increased the abundance of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria. Comparatively, Soybean enriched Mucilaginibacter and Geobacter, while Wheat/Soybean enriched Brevundimonas and Roseimicrobium.ConclusionOur results demonstrate that crop phase is as important as the long-term legacy of crop rotations in shaping the microbial community and that specific taxa responses are highly dependent on the crop phase surveyed.

Published
2024
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2. Colombian coffee (Coffea arabica L.) plantations: a taxonomic and functional survey of soil fungi

Author

Victor Hugo Ochoa-Henriquez, Valeria Faggioli, Lorena Jacqueline Gómez-Godínez, Maximo Rivarola, and Marco Cristancho

Subjects
coffee mycobiome, sustainable agriculture, shade, microbiome, amplicon sequencing, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, TX341-641, Food processing and manufacture, TP368-456
Abstract

Fungi are essential players in the maintenance of global coffee productivity, but their taxonomic and functional diversity in tropical and subtropical soils of Latin America remains largely unexplored. To address this concern, soil fungi were surveyed in six farms in three traditional coffee-growing regions of Colombia (Cauca, Magdalena, and Risaralda). Five farms were organic and newly established (30 years old) with higher shade cover. We used amplicon sequencing and functional prediction based on the FUNGuild annotation tool. Fungal community composition diverged among farms, with Mortierella (Mortierellomycota) and Saitozyma (Basidiomycota) among the most prevalent genera. Functional prediction revealed the predominance of saprotroph-symbiotroph and pathotroph fungi. The endophyte and litter decomposer Mortierella genus was dominant within the saprotrophs and symbiotrophs. The pathotroph community was characterized by insect pathogen species belonging to the Metarhizium (Ascomycota) genus. Indeed, M. anisopliae and M. marquandii were identified as indicator species in the conventional long-term shaded farm. This study revealed that coffee plantations studied sustain a diverse fungal community and nurture potentially beneficial species. Further studies are needed to elucidate how particular management practices can nourish beneficial fungi, suppress detrimental species, and promote more sustainable coffee production.

Published
2024
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3. EXPLORING THE SOIL-ASSOCIATED BACTERIAL MICROBIOME OF COFFEE PLANTATIONS IN DIFFERENT REGIONS OF COLOMBIA: A METABARCODING APPROACH

Author

Lorena Jacqueline Gómez-Godínez, Víctor Ochoa, Valeria Faggioli, and Marco Cristancho

Subjects
metabarcoding, coffee, uncultured bacteria species., Agriculture, Agriculture (General), S1-972
Abstract

Introduction: Coffee is one of the leading tropical crops produced worldwide. Colombia ranks third in coffee production in the world. Microorganisms associated with coffee plants can have many biotechnological applications, such as plant growth promotion and biological control. Objective: To describe the bacteria present in the soil associated with coffee cultivation. This was done using a bulk sequencing or 16S rRNA metabarcoding approach. Methodology: Soil samples were collected to analyze their microbiome from three different departments of Colombia (Cauca, Risaralda and Magdalena). The plants were of different ages, and the crop management was different (conventional and organic). Subsequently, an analysis was carried out using Qiime2 to describe the communities associated with coffee cultivation and soil chemical properties. Results: Some important genera were identified, such as Janthinobacterium, Bacillus, Actinomadura and Actinoallomurus. These genera can be used as plant growth promoters, organic matter transformers, producers of antibiotics and metabolites with potential biotechnological applications. Implications: The study presented in this manuscript describes the communities associated with the soil in coffee cultivation. However, a much more complex approach could be through metagenomics, where the bacterial communities and the functions of; however, this vision is up to ten times higher in cost. Conclusion: Through the results obtained, it is concluded that the studies carried out through metabarcoding help to understand the composition of the microorganisms associated with coffee and, with this, try to elucidate the functions of the associated microorganisms.

Published
2024
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4. CROP DIVERSITY IMPROVES CARBON, NITROGEN AND SOIL BIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS IN AN AGROECOLOGICAL SYSTEM

Author

Jimena Ortiz, Valeria Faggioli, Martin Zamora, Monica Boccolini, Claudio Lorenzon, Vanesa Pegoraro, and Luciano Gabbarini

Subjects
Microbial biomass, Enzymatic activity, Microbial diversity, Agroecology., Agriculture (General), S1-972, Plant culture, SB1-1110
Abstract

ABSTRACT Agroecological management is emerging as a promising alternative to current agricultural management, which is associated with deterioration of environmental quality and soil fertility. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the conversion from conventional to agroecological management by analysing soil chemical and microbiological properties. This study was carried out in the Barrow Experimental Farm of the National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), Buenos Aires, Argentina, where two treatments were evaluated: agroecological (AE) and conventional (CV) management. Samples were taken at 0 - 10 cm depth, and several soil chemical and microbiological parameters were determined. The AE management resulted in an apparent restoration of soil fertility, with increases in soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN) and pH of 21%, 16% and 3%, respectively. AE management also led to an increase in the activities of enzymes involved in the carbon cycle: cellobiohydrolase (CBH) and β-glucosidase (BG), nitrogen cycle: N-acetyl-b-glu-cosamine (NAG) and sulfur cycle: arylsulfatase (SUL), as well as an increase in the microbial biomass car-bon and in the diversity and richness of the bacterial community (p

Published
2023

5. Agriculture by Irrigation Modifies Microbial Communities and Soil Functions Associated With Enhancing C Uptake of a Steppe Semi-Arid Soil in Northern Patagonia

Author

Juan P. Frene, Valeria Faggioli, Julieta Covelli, Dalila Reyna, Luciano A. Gabbarini, Patricio Sobrero, Alejandro Ferrari, Magalí Gutierrez, and Luis G. Wall

Subjects
soil enzymes, soil lipids, soils use change, soil microbiota, soil aggregates, irrigated agriculture, Chemistry, QD1-999, Engineering geology. Rock mechanics. Soil mechanics. Underground construction, TA703-712
Abstract

The transformation of the semiarid steppe soil after 5 years of intensive irrigated agriculture in Northern Patagonia was analyzed in an on-farm study. The private grower venture used conservative practices, including no-till to maintain soil structure, high crop rotation and cover crops. To characterize steppe soil changes by irrigated agriculture, we analyzed the enzymatic activities involved in the biogeochemical cycles (carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur), the whole soil fatty acids profile, the state of soil aggregation, and the bacterial and fungal microbiota through DNA sequencing methods. After 5 years of management, irrigated agriculture soil increased organic matter (25–33%), enzymatic activities -Cellobiose-hydrolase (60–250%), Phosphatase (35–60%), Xylanase (101–185%), Aryl-sulphatase (32–100%), Chitinase (85%), β-Glucosidase (61–128%), Leucine-aminopeptidase (138%)—depending on soil series, and macro-aggregate formation at the expense of the abundance of micro-aggregates in the first 0–5 cm of soil. Whole soil fatty acids profiles changed, enhancing mono-unsaturated, branched, cyclic and methylated fatty acids. Microbial communities showed significant differences between irrigated agriculture sites and pristine valleys. The richness-based alpha-diversity established increased bacterial communities but decreased fungal communities in cultivated soil. Indicators selected using the LEfSe method revealed the bacterial taxa Acidothermus, Conexibacter and Thermoleophilum, associated with semiarid steppe soil while Asticcacaulis, Aquicella and Acromobacter with irrigated agriculture. Ascomycota Phylum changed its community composition, being both taxa Aspergillus and Alternaria reduced while Stagonospora and Metarhizium were enhanced in irrigated agriculture. Taxa belonging to Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Betaproteobacteria, that were enriched in irrigated agriculture soils, were associated with higher capture of C but smaller values of aggregation, while taxa abundant on steppe soils belonging to Actinobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, and Firmicutes were positively associated with soil aggregation but negatively with C uptake.

Published
2022
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6. Impacto ambiental y rolado de cultivos de cobertura en producción de soja bajo siembra directa

Author

Tomás Baigorria, Cristian Alvarez, Cristian Cazorla, Pablo Belluccini, Bethania Aimetta, Vanesa Pegoraro, Monica Boccolini, Belén Conde, Valeria Faggioli, Jimena Ortiz, and Daniel Tuesca

Subjects
Barbecho, agua útil, malezas, método de secado, Agriculture (General), S1-972, Plant culture, SB1-1110
Abstract

La masiva adopción del sistema de siembra directa y la utilización de cultivares de soja tolerantes a glifosato, generó una alta dependencia de herbicidas de amplio espectro para el control de malezas. El incremento en los costos de los herbicidas y la creciente concientización sobre cuestiones ambientales, impulsa la necesidad de encontrar alternativas de manejo de malezas que reduzcan el uso del control químico. Los cultivos de cobertura (CC) constituyen una práctica con potencial para reducir el uso de herbicidas en postemergencia de soja y a su vez minimizar el impacto ambiental. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron: evaluar el efecto de diferentes CC, métodos de secado y programas de control químico de malezas sobre la dinámica del agua, impacto ambiental y el rendimiento del cultivo de soja. Se estudiaron tres CC, dos métodos de secado (químico vs mecánico) y dos programas de control de malezas en un Argiudol típico. Se evaluó el agua útil (AU) del suelo, la productividad del cultivo de soja y el coeficiente de impacto ambiental (EIQ). Al momento de secado los CC tuvieron un 35% menos de AU, mientras que a la siembra de la soja el contenido de AU fue un 16% mayor respecto del barbecho sin CC. Por la inclusión de CC y el secado mediante el rolado el valor de EIQ se redujo más de un 70% respecto del barbecho sin reducir el rendimiento de soja. Este sistema permitiría un uso más sustentable de los recursos naturales y además sería una opción promisoria en áreas con restricciones en la aplicación de herbicidas (agricultura orgánica y zonas periurbanas).

Published
2019

7. Algas y Cyanobacteria presentes en la rizosfera de plantas acumuladoras de plomo

Author

Alejandra G. Becerra, Claudia Daga, Raquel Murialdo, Valeria Faggioli, Eugenia Menoyo, and M. Julieta Salazar

Subjects
Cianobacterias, Metales pesados, Planta, Plomo, Rizósfera, Trebouxia, Science, Botany, QK1-989
Abstract

Introducción y objetivos: Las especies de algas y Cyanobacteria que crecen en sitios contaminados pueden acumular altas concentraciones de metales pesados. En este trabajo se propuso a) caracterizar la comunidad de algas y Cyanobacteria y b) evaluar el efecto del plomo (Pb) sobre la composición de algas presentes en la rizosfera de plantas capaces de acumular Pb en la provincia de Córdoba. M&M: Se tomaron muestras de suelo de la rizosfera de Sorghum halepense, Bidens pilosa y Tagetes minuta en sitios con diferentes niveles de Pb. En el laboratorio, el suelo se sembró en cápsulas con medio de Watanabe esterilizado. Los cultivos crecieron 9 semanas. Se identificó en el tiempo y analizó la frecuencia relativa final de las algas y Cyanobacteria. Resultados: En suelos contaminados se identificaron 24 especies de Cyanobacteria, Chloroplastida y Xanthophyceae. Las Cyanobacteria con heterocitos Cylindrospermum muscicola, Nostoc commune y Calothrix clavata registraron una frecuencia media relativa (entre 21 y 60%). Trebouxia parmeliae (Chloroplastida) y Vaucheria sp. (Xanthophyceae) estuvieron presentes en los suelos con mayor nivel de Pb. La mayor parte de las especies se concentraron en los niveles más bajos de Pb. Conclusiones: Se observó un efecto negativo del Pb sobre la riqueza de especies de algas y Cyanobacteria en la rizosfera de las plantas evaluadas. En base a la composición de la comunidad de algas y Cyanobacteria del suelo se determinan dos grandes grupos que podrían ser considerados como comunidades tolerantes y no tolerantes a la contaminación de Pb.

Published
2021
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8. Parámetros químicos y biológicos como indicadores de calidad del suelo en diferentes manejos Chemical and biological parameters as indicators of soil quality under different managements

Author

Laura Ferreras, Silvia Toresani, Beatriz Bonel, Estela Fernández, Silvina Bacigaluppo, Valeria Faggioli, and Celina Beltrán

Subjects
Propiedades Bioquímicas, Biomasa microbiana, Enzimas del suelo, Carbono orgánico, Cociente metabólico, Calidad del suelo, Biochemical soil properties, Microbial biomass, Soil enzymes, Soil organic carbon, Metabolic quotient, Soil quality, Agriculture (General), S1-972, Plant culture, SB1-1110
Abstract

El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar la sensibilidad de una serie de parámetros químicos y bioquímicos en suelos representativos de la Región Pampeana bajo diferentes manejos con la finalidad de: i) establecer los parámetros que reflejen de manera más sensible y tempranamente el grado de degradación o recuperación; ii) comparar la información generada de las parcelas bajo cultivo con el mismo tipo de suelo no perturbado, considerado como referencia (T). En ensayos con diferentes manejos localizados en las EEA INTA Oliveros, Marcos Juárez y Rafaela se evaluó: Carbono orgánico total (COT), carbono asociado a la fracción fina (COff), carbono asociado a la fracción gruesa (COfg), carbono de la biomasa microbiana (CBM), actividad respiratoria microbiana (ARM) y actividad de las enzimas fosfatasa ácida (Pasa), deshidrogenasa (Dasa) y ureasa (Uasa). Se calculó el cociente metabólico microbiano (qCO2), a través de la relación entre ARM y el CBM, como así también las relaciones entre actividades de las enzimas y CBM en función del COT. Para cada sitio, el suelo bajo cultivo presentó en la mayoría de las variables analizadas valores inferiores con respecto a T (pThe aim of the work was to assess the sensitivity of chemical and biochemical parameters in representative soils of the Pampa Region under different managements with the purpose of i) establishing the soil parameters that may have a role as early and sensitive indicators of soil ecological stress and restoration; and ii) comparing the results from cropped plots with the same undisturbed soil type, considered as reference (T). The experiment was carried out on experimental plots under different soil managements at the INTA Experimental Stations at Oliveros, Marcos Juárez and Rafaela. Total organic carbon (COT), organic carbon associated with the fine fraction (COff) and organic carbon associated with the coarse fraction (COfg), microbial biomass carbon (CBM), soil microbial respiration (ARM) and enzymatic activities of acid phosphatase (Pasa), dehydrogenase (Dasa) and urease (Uasa) were determined in composite soil samples. The metabolic quotient (qCO2), the relationship between ARM and CBM, the enzymatic activities/COT ratio, and the CBM/ COT ratio were also calculated. For each experimental site, cropped plots presented lower values than undisturbed soil in most of the parameters analyzed (p

Published
2009

11. Algas y Cyanobacteria presentes en la rizosfera de plantas acumuladoras de plomo

Author

Valeria Faggioli, Alejandra Gabriela Becerra, Eugenia Menoyo, M. Julieta Salazar, Raquel Murialdo, and Claudia Daga

Subjects
Plomo, Planta, Cianobacterias, Rizósfera, Plant Science, LEAD, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], TREBOUXIA, lcsh:Botany, Botany, HEAVY METALS, PLANTS, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6 [https], lcsh:Science, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Vaucheria, biology, RHIZOSPHERE, Heavy metals, CYANOBACTERIA, biology.organism_classification, lcsh:QK1-989, VAUCHERIA, Trebouxia, lcsh:Q, Metales pesados
Abstract

Las especies de algas y cyanobacteria que crecen en sitios contaminados pueden acumular altas concentraciones de metales pesados.En este trabajo se propuso a) caracterizar la comunidad de algas y cyanobacteria y b) evaluar el efecto del plomo (Pb) sobre la composición de algas presentes en la rizosfera de plantas capaces de acumular Pb en la provincia de Córdoba. Se tomaron muestras de suelo de la rizosfera de Sorghum halepense, Bidenspilosa y Tagetes minuta en sitios con diferentes niveles de Pb. En el laboratorio,el suelo se sembró en cápsulas con medio de Watanabe esterilizado. Los cultivos crecieron 9 semanas. Se identificó en el tiempo y analizó la frecuencia relativa final de las algas y cyanobacteria. En suelos contaminados se identificaron 24 especies de Cyanobacteria,Chloroplastida y Xanthophyceae. Las cyanobacteria con heterocitos Cylindrospermum muscicola, Nostoc commune y Calothrix clavata registraron una frecuencia media relativa (entre 21 y 60%). Trebouxia parmeliae (Chloroplastida)y Vaucheria sp. (Xanthophyceae) estuvieron presentes en los suelos con mayor nivel de Pb. La mayor parte de las especies se concentraron en los niveles más bajos de Pb. Se observó un efecto negativo del Pb sobre la riqueza de especies de algas y cyanobacteria en la rizosfera de las plantas evaluadas. En base a la composición de la comunidad de algas y cyanobacteria del suelo se determinaron grandes grupos que podrían ser considerados como comunidades tolerantes y no tolerantes a la contaminación de Pb. Fil: Becerra, Alejandra Gabriela. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina Fil: Daga, Ines Claudia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Departamento de Diversidad Biológica y Ecológica; Argentina Fil: Murialdo, Raquel Carmen. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Departamento de Hidráulica; Argentina Fil: Faggioli, Valeria Soledad. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; Argentina Fil: Menoyo, Eugenia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto de Matemática Aplicada de San Luis "Prof. Ezio Marchi". Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Ciencias Físico, Matemáticas y Naturales. Instituto de Matemática Aplicada de San Luis "Prof. Ezio Marchi"; Argentina Fil: Salazar, María Julieta. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina

Published
2021

12. Pb accumulation in spores of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Author

M. Julieta Salazar, Nicolás Marro, Marta Noemí Cabello, Alejandro Guillermo Pardo, Judith Hebelen Rodriguez, József Geml, M. Luisa Pignata, Valeria Faggioli, Eugenia Menoyo, and Alejandra C. Becerra

Subjects
Pollution, Environmental Engineering, media_common.quotation_subject, Otras Ciencias de la Tierra y relacionadas con el Medio Ambiente, Fungus, 010501 environmental sciences, Plant Roots, 01 natural sciences, Ciencias de la Tierra y relacionadas con el Medio Ambiente, Soil, Symbiosis, Glomeraceae, Metals, Heavy, Mycorrhizae, Botany, Soil Pollutants, Environmental Chemistry, SOIL REMEDIATION, Glomeromycota, Waste Management and Disposal, Ciencias de las Plantas, Botánica, Soil Microbiology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, X-RAY FLUORESCENCE, biology, Chemistry, HEAVY METAL POLLUTION, fungi, Fungi, BIOACCUMULATION, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Spores, Fungal, biology.organism_classification, Spore, Lead, Bioaccumulation, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, Environmental Monitoring, Gigasporaceae
Abstract

Heavy metal (HM) pollution of soils is one of the most important and unsolved environmental problems affecting the world, with alternative solutions currently being investigated through different approaches. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are soil inhabitants that form symbiotic relationships with plants. This alleviates HM toxicity in the host plant, thereby enhancing tolerance. However, the few investigations that have addressed the presence of metals in the fungus structures were performed under experimental conditions, with there being no results reported for Pb. The current study represents a first approximation concerning the capability of spores to accumulate Pb in the AMF community present in a Pb polluted soil under field conditions. Micro X-ray fluorescence was utilized to obtain a direct observation of Pb in spores, and the innovation of total reflection X-ray fluorescence was applied to obtain Pb quantification in spores. The AMF community included species of Ambisporaceae, Archaeosporaceae, Gigasporacea, Glomeraceae and Paraglomeraceae, and was tolerant to high Pb concentrations in soil. Pb accumulation in AMF spores was demonstrated at the community level and corroborated by direct observation of the most abundant spores, which belonged to the Gigasporaceae group. Spore Pb accumulation is possibly dependent on the AMF and host plant species. Fil: Salazar, María Julieta. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina Fil: Menoyo, Eugenia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto de Matemática Aplicada de San Luis "Prof. Ezio Marchi". Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Ciencias Físico, Matemáticas y Naturales. Instituto de Matemática Aplicada de San Luis "Prof. Ezio Marchi"; Argentina Fil: Faggioli, Valeria. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Córdoba. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Marcos Juárez; Argentina Fil: Geml, József. Naturalis Biodiversity Center. Biodiversity Dynamics Research Group; Países Bajos Fil: Cabello, Marta Noemí. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Instituto de Botánica Spegazzini; Argentina Fil: Rodriguez, Judith Hebelen. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina Fil: Marro, Nicolás Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina Fil: Pardo, Alejandro Guillermo. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes; Argentina Fil: Pignata, Maria Luisa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina Fil: Becerra, Alejandra Gabriela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina

Published
2018
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13. Environmental impact and cover crop roller crimper in no-till soybean production

Author

Tomás Baigorria, Cristian Alvarez, Cristian Cazorla, Pablo Belluccini, Bethania Aimetta, Vanesa Pegoraro, Monica Boccolini, Belén Conde, Valeria Faggioli, Jimena Ortiz, and Daniel Tuesca

Subjects
método de secado, agua útil, Agriculture (General), Barbecho, malezas, weeds, Plant culture, Fallow, available water, termination method, S1-972, SB1-1110
Abstract

La masiva adopción del sistema de siembra directa y la utilización de cultivares de soja tolerantes a glifosato, generó una alta dependencia de herbicidas de amplio espectro para el control de malezas. El incremento en los costos de los herbicidas y la creciente concientización sobre cuestiones ambientales, impulsa la necesidad de encontrar alternativas de manejo de malezas que reduzcan el uso del control químico. Los cultivos de cobertura (CC) constituyen una práctica con potencial para reducir el uso de herbicidas en postemergencia de soja y a su vez minimizar el impacto ambiental. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron: evaluar el efecto de diferentes CC, métodos de secado y programas de control químico de malezas sobre la dinámica del agua, impacto ambiental y el rendimiento del cultivo de soja. Se estudiaron tres CC, dos métodos de secado (químico vs mecánico) y dos programas de control de malezas en un Argiudol típico. Se evaluó el agua útil (AU) del suelo, la productividad del cultivo de soja y el coeficiente de impacto ambiental (EIQ). Al momento de secado los CC tuvieron un 35% menos de AU, mientras que a la siembra de la soja el contenido de AU fue un 16% mayor respecto del barbecho sin CC. Por la inclusión de CC y el secado mediante el rolado el valor de EIQ se redujo más de un 70% respecto del barbecho sin reducir el rendimiento de soja. Este sistema permitiría un uso más sustentable de los recursos naturales y además sería una opción promisoria en áreas con restricciones en la aplicación de herbicidas (agricultura orgánica y zonas periurbanas). The massive adoption of no tillage sowing system and the use of soybean cultivars tolerant to glyphosate caused dependence on herbicides with total weed control spectrum (e.g.: glyphosate). The increase in costs of herbicides and a greater awareness on environmental issues, lead to search for alternatives to reduce the use of weed chemical control. Cover crops (CC) constitute a practice to reduce the use of post-emergence herbicides in soybean, minimizing environmental impact. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of CC termination methods and chemical weed control programs on water dynamics, environmental impact and soybean crop yield. Three species, two different termination methods (chemical vs. mechanical) and two weed control programs were studied on a typical Argiudoll. Soil available water (AW), environmental impact quotient (EIQ) and soybean productivity were measured. At termination CC moment, AW was 35% lower in CC than in fallow, while at sowing soybean AU was 16 % upper in CC treatments. CC and roller crimper decreased EIQ values more than 70 % without affected soybean yield. CC could allow a more sustainable use of natural resources and could also be a promising option in areas with restrictions to herbicide application, such us organic agriculture and peri-urban areas.

Published
2019

14. Mycorrhizas in South American Anthropic Environments

Author

Fernanda Covacevich, Olmar Baller Weber, Gabriel Grilli, Marta Noemí Cabello, Marcela C. Pagano, Valeria Faggioli, Newton Paulo de Souza Falcão, Eduardo Jose Azevedo Correa, Pagano, Marcela Claudia, Lugo, Mónica Alejandra, Pagano, Marcela A., and Lugo, Mónica A.

Subjects
Nutrient cycle, Arbuscular Mycrorhizal fungi, Agroforestry, Soil biology, fungi, food and beverages, Crops, Nutrients, Ecosystem services, Mycorrizal Fungi, Soil conditioner, CIENCIAS AGRÍCOLAS, Biochar, Plant cover, Environmental science, Anthropic, Ecosystem, Otras Ciencias Agrícolas, Species richness, Agroecosystems, Ciencias de las Plantas, Botánica, Plant growth
Abstract

For a better understanding of natural, degraded areas and agro-ecosystems, the study of surface and deep soil responses to global change is required. To enhance the resilience of soil ecosystems, the examination and use of arbuscular mycorrhizas, was indicated since they are drivers of nutrient cycles participating in some ecosystem services, such as nutrient acquisition by plants. Currently, there is a holistic vision of AMF as multipurpose organisms with complex ecological functions in the soil. This chapter discusses advances on mycorrhizal fungi based on recent research from Southamerican countries. New reports on the occurrence of mycorrhizas in Amazonian dark earth, soils amended with vermicompost and biochar have resulted in a more detailed understanding of the soil biology from South America. Studies on mycorrhizas have developed largely; however, the understanding of mycorrhizas in anthropic environments are still incipient, and its limitations constitute a barrier for the contribution to sustainable cropping and forest systems. Few reports from South America showed that the addition of soil conditioners resulted in increases in plant cover and plant species richness. In this sense, the biochar/mycorrhizas interactions can be prioritized for sequestration of carbon in soils to contribute to climate change mitigation. Fil: Pagano, Marcela Claudia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis; Argentina Fil: Falcão, Newton. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Da Amazonia; Brasil Fil: Weber, Olmar B.. Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária; Brasil Fil: Correa, Eduardo A.. Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais Epamig; Brasil Fil: Faggioli, Valeria Soledad. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Córdoba; Argentina Fil: Grilli, Gabriel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina Fil: Covacevich, Fernanda. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Biotecnología; Argentina Fil: Cabello, Marta Noemí. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Instituto de Botánica Spegazzini; Argentina. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina

Published
2019
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15. Root colonizing and soil borne communities of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi differ among soybean fields with contrasting historical land use

Author

Gabriel Grilli, Valeria Faggioli, Marta Noemí Cabello, Martti Vasar, Maarja Öpik, and Fernanda Covacevich

Subjects
Ecology, Land use, biology, Glycine max, 18S rDNA, Soil texture, Biodiversity, Agriculture, biology.organism_classification, Soil type, Arbuscular mycorrhiza, Ciencias Biológicas, Agronomy, Glomeraceae, Agronomía, reproducción y protección de plantas, Animal Science and Zoology, Micología, Mycorrhiza, Agronomy and Crop Science, Land use change, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, Gigasporaceae
Abstract

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are a key component of soil microbiota in natural and anthropogenic ecosystems. Even though soil type and climate conditioned land uses in the past, soybean cultivation has overrode such limitations and replaced the earlier diverse agro- and natural ecosystems in many countries of South America. We investigated whether actual diversity patterns of local AMF communities were determined by previous land uses and their intrinsic environmental conditions. We sequenced AMF DNA from root and soil samples collected from current soybean fields with three historical land use situations (HLU): agricultural fields, livestock farming and forest sites. We detected overall high AMF richness: 87 virtual taxa (VT) in soil and 69 VT in soybean roots. Mean number of VT per sample ranged from 8.1 to 19.2; it was not affected by HLU nor type of sample, but correlated with soil texture, pH, and plant density. Conversely, AMF community composition did significantly diverge among HLU and type of sample. A distinctive community composition was observed in roots of historical agricultural fields which differed from any other soil and root sample evaluated in this study. We attribute this finding to variations in the abundance pattern of predominant AMF taxa (Glomeraceae and Gigasporaceae). Our results indicate that soybean cultivation supports relatively high AMF diversity, with apparent legacies from earlier management and natural habitats in the composition of resident AMF communities. Fil: Faggioli, Valeria Soledad. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires; Argentina Fil: Cabello, Marta Noemí. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de la Plata; Argentina Fil: Grilli, Gabriel. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Argentina Fil: Vasar, Martti. University Of Tartu; Estonia Fil: Covacevich, Fernanda. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Biotecnología; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires; Argentina Fil: Öpik, Maarja. University Of Tartu; Estonia

Published
2019

16. Soil lead pollution modifies the structure of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities

Author

József Geml, Valeria Faggioli, Minna Kemppainen, Eugenia Menoyo, Alejandra Gabriela Becerra, Alejandro Guillermo Pardo, and M. Julieta Salazar

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Acaulosporaceae, Bulk soil, Plant Science, Diversisporaceae, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI, Ciencias Biológicas, Glomeromycota, Tagetes, SOIL POLLUTION, Soil, Glomeraceae, Mycorrhizae, Botany, Genetics, Soil Pollutants, HEAVY METAL, Bidens, Molecular Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Soil Microbiology, Sorghum, biology, Fungi, General Medicine, Biodiversity, biology.organism_classification, Soil contamination, Arbuscular mycorrhiza, 18S RDNA, Lead, BIODIVERSITY, Micología, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, 010606 plant biology & botany, Gigasporaceae
Abstract

The impact of lead (Pb) pollution on native communities of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) was assessed in soil samples from the surroundings of an abandoned Pb smelting factory. To consider the influence of host identity, bulk soil surrounding plant roots soil samples of predominant plant species (Sorghum halepense, Bidens pilosa, and Tagetes minuta) growing in Pb-polluted soils and in an uncontaminated site were selected. Molecular diversity was assessed by sequencing the 18S rDNA region with primers specific to AMF (AMV4.5NF/AMDGR) using Illumina MiSeq. A total of 115 virtual taxa (VT) of AMF were identified in this survey. Plant species did not affect AMF diversity patterns. However, soil Pb content was negatively correlated with VT richness per sample. Paraglomeraceae and Glomeraceae were the predominant families while Acaulosporaceae, Ambisporaceae, Archaeosporaceae, Claroideoglomeraceae, Diversisporaceae, and Gigasporaceae were less abundant. Acaulosporaceae and Glomeraceae were negatively affected by soil Pb, but Paraglomeraceae relative abundance increased under increasing soil Pb content. Overall, 26 indicator taxa were identified; four of them were previously reported in Pb-polluted soils (VT060; VT222; VT004; VT380); and five corresponded to cultured spores of Scutellospora castaneae (VT041), Diversispora spp. and Tricispora nevadensis (VT060), Diversispora epigaea (VT061), Glomus proliferum (VT099), and Gl. indicum (VT222). Even though AMF were present in Pb-polluted soils, community structure was strongly altered via the differential responses of taxonomic groups of AMF to Pb pollution. These taxon-specific differences in tolerance to soil Pb content should be considered for future phytoremediation strategies based on the selection and utilization of native Glomeromycota. Fil: Faggioli, Valeria Soledad. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología. Laboratorio de Micología Molecular; Argentina Fil: Menoyo, Eugenia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto de Matemática Aplicada de San Luis "Prof. Ezio Marchi". Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Ciencias Físico, Matemáticas y Naturales. Instituto de Matemática Aplicada de San Luis "Prof. Ezio Marchi"; Argentina Fil: Geml, József. Naturalis Biodiversity Center; Países Bajos Fil: Kemppainen, Minna Johanna. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnologia. Instituto de Microbiologia Basica y Aplicada.; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Pardo, Alejandro Guillermo. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnologia. Instituto de Microbiologia Basica y Aplicada.; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Salazar, María Julieta. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina Fil: Becerra, Alejandra Gabriela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina

Published
2018

18. Sensitivity of soil biological indicators in an Argiudoll from the Argentinean Pampas

Author

Silvia Toresani, Carlos Martin Galarza, Laura Ferreras, and Valeria Faggioli

Subjects
Soil management, Tillage, education.field_of_study, Animal science, Soil test, Soil functions, Population, Soil Science, Soil carbon, Biology, Cover crop, education, Soil quality
Abstract

The maintenance of soil quality and crop productivity is an important goal for modern agriculture. Soil tillage systems that improve the soil organic carbon and also favor the survival and activity of soil microorganisms could contribute to the sustainability of agricultural systems. The aim of the work was to assess the changes produced by different management practices (tillage systems and cover crop) on soil biological parameters in order to evaluate their capacity as sensitive soil quality indicators. The trial was carried out at the Agriculture Experimental Station INTA Marcos Juárez (Province of Cordoba-Argentina), with different soil management techniques. Soil organic carbon (OC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), soil enzyme activities (acid phosphatase, dehydrogenase and urease) and metabolic quotient (qCO2) were determined on soil samples (0-7.5 cm sampling depth) at six sampling times. The management techniques were: combined tillage (CL), no-tillage (NT) and no-tillage with cover crop (NTCC). An old pasture that has not been tilled since 1993 was also sampled as a reference (R). Soil organic carbon, MBC and soil enzyme activities were higher in the undisturbed soil (R) than in the cropped plots (p < 0.05), while the qCO2 was significantly lower. The OC decrease was 39.2%, 35.1% and 29.1% for CL, NT and NTCC, respectively. The CL treatment showed lower MCB values (between 50% and 67%) than those found in NTCC. Metabolic efficiency was significantly higher in NTCC than in CL (qCO2 was 32% lower). A lower enzymatic activity (acid phosphatase, urease and dehydrogenase) was found in CL with respect to NTCC (p < 0.05). Soil enzymes were positively correlated with MBC, and OC with MBC. Multivariate data analysis allowed group treatments and a summary variable was obtained that could be interpreted as a simple index of soil quality. The OC was not a sensitive indicator to differentiate management systems. However, it was sensitive enough to detect changes between R with respect the other treatments. Instead, biological parameters allowed for differentiation of effect of different management, identifying the system NTCC as the greatest contributor to the sustainability and biological soil conservation. Microbial biomass carbon is suggested as a sensitive indicator since it is related to various soil functions. Also, the metabolic quotient (qCO2) has proved to be a suitable indicator because it determines the metabolic efficiency of the microbial population through the relation between basal respiration per unit of MBC.

Published
2015
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19. Rhizosphere phosphorus depletion by three crops differing in their phosphorus critical levels

Author

Gerardo Rubio, Flavio H. Gutiérrez-Boem, Valeria Faggioli, J. D. Scheiner, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, sunflower, Soil test, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Bulk soil, Soil Science, chemistry.chemical_element, Plant Science, Fractionation, Biology, maize, 01 natural sciences, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Helianthus annuus, nutritient acquisition, soybean, 2. Zero hunger, Rhizosphere, Phosphorus, plant root, food and beverages, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Sunflower, chemistry, Agronomy, Soil water, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

International audience; It has been reported for many soils that maize (Zea mays L.) has a higher soil-P critical level than soybean (Glycine max L.) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L). The objective of this work was to compare the rhizosphere P depletion in these three species in order to investigate if they differ in their capacity to acquire soil P. Sequential P fractionation and pH were determined in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soil samples from field and greenhouse experiments. Neither sunflower (the species with highest rhizosphere acidification) nor soybean or maize showed a significant relationship between P depletion and rhizosphere pH. The labile P fraction and the NaOHPi fraction had lower values in the rhizosphere than in the bulk soil in 38% and 77% of the studied cases, respectively. Sunflower and especially maize presented a more intense Pi depletion than soybean. The comparison between sunflower and maize revealed that neither of them took a clear advantage over the other in terms of P depletion. Rhizosphere Pi depletion was associated with the amount of P acquired by the plants. We conclude that the accessibility to different P pools does not explain the differences in soil-P critical levels among the three species.

Published
2012
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