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Drug abusers typically consume not just one but several types of drugs, starting from alcohol and marijuana consumption, and then dramatically lapsing into addiction to harder drugs, such as cocaine, heroin, or amphetamine. The brain of drug abusers presents various structural and neurophysiological abnormalities, some of which may predate drug consumption onset. However, how these changes translate into modifications in functional brain connectivity is still poorly understood. To characterize functional connectivity patterns, we recorded Electroencephalogram (EEG) activity from 21 detoxified drug abusers and 20 age-matched control subjects performing a simple counting task and at rest activity. To evaluate the cortical brain connectivity network we applied the Synchronization Likelihood algorithm. The results showed that drug abusers had higher synchronization levels at low frequencies, mainly in the θ band (4-8 Hz) between frontal and posterior cortical regions. During the counting task, patients showed increased synchronization in the β (14-35 Hz), and γ (35-45 Hz) frequency bands, in fronto-posterior and interhemispheric temporal regions. Taken together 'slow-down' at rest and task-related 'over-exertion' could indicate that the brain of drug abusers is suffering from a premature form of ageing. Future studies will clarify whether this condition can be reversed following prolonged periods of abstinence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Latin American youth in the United States tend to report more internalizing symptoms than white non-Latino youth, yet little is known about the factors that may contribute to such differences. The present study examined the role that anxiety sensitivity, gender, and ethnic minority status may play in the expression of internalizing symptoms across Latin American adolescents ( n = 116) and white non-Latino adolescents ( n = 72) in the United States and Colombian adolescents in Colombia ( n = 163). Results provide evidence that because fear of anxiety related phenomena and physiological symptoms of anxiety in particular may be normative in Latino culture anxiety sensitivity does not amplify somatic complaints for Latin American and Colombian youth as it does for white non-Latino youth. Results further suggest that anxiety sensitivity and being female predicted anxiety and depressive symptoms independent of cultural background. Implications of the findings to our understanding of cultural variability in internalizing symptoms are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Antalo Supersequence (ASS), a Mesozoic carbonate–marl–shale succession, in the Mekele Outlier was sampled for chemical analysis. The samples were analysed by ICP-MS and ICP-OES for rare earth element (REE) and major elements both in the total sample and the acid-soluble fraction.More than 80% of the REE are held in the acid-soluble fraction. However, the very good correlation between REE, insoluble residue (IR), Mn and Fe coupled with the three-fold enrichment of REE in the impure compared to the pure limestone suggests that the content of REE in the ASS is related to the non-carbonate constituents.Steep LREE, relatively flat HREE patterns and a negative Eu anomaly characterize the chondrite-normalized pattern of REE. Fractionation of REE in the sedimentary environment is displayed by a vertical increase and a west–east decrease in the LREE/HREE ratio and by a negative Ce anomaly towards the base of the ASS. The latter suggests that the Mesozoic Sea of the region was relatively more oxidizing during its earlier history of transgression. The Ce-depletion displayed by the whole ASS is, however, very small and this is ascribed to the influence of continental clastic materials, shallowness of the basin and dominant reducing conditions in the seawater. Based on the similarity in the ratios and patterns of REE, it is concluded that the ASS and the nearby clastic unit have the same continental source of REE. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In the rearing unit San Nicolás of the UBPC "Aguadita" of the Livestock Enterprise Rodas, four cut frequencies (45, 75, 90 and 120 d) were assessed in a forage bank of Pennisetum purpureum cv Cuba CT-115 during the dry season on brown soil without carbonate, classified as acid (pH 4.82). The following productive indicators: number of tillers, plant height, number of leaves, length of the leaves, width of the leaves, mass of the leaves and the stem, and the values of dry matter, crude protein, crude fiber, calcium, phosphorus and metabolizable energy were evaluated in a random block design with four replications. The cut frequency influenced positively the plant height, with no relation to the number of leaves. The lowest length was found at 45 d, with differences from the rest (P < 0.05) in 23.06, 23.72 and 37.40 cm, respectively. The highest amount of tillers was revealed at 75 d (46.70) and 90 d (38.90). The mass of leaves and stems had the highest values at 120 d of cut (508.00 and 849.67 g), with intermediate values at the frequencies of 75 (313.33 and 300.00 g) and 90 d (320.67 and 282.67 g), represented by a better ratio leaf:stem at 45 d. The highest content of DM was found at 120 d in leaves (27.85 %) and stems (30.50 %), without differences between the other cuts. CP decreased with the extension of the cut frequency, with the highest values of CF for 90 and 120 d. The total yields were higher for 120 d (10.2 t ha-1), but with lower quality, thus, it is recommended a cut frequency of 75 d in the dry season. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

En la Recría San Nicolás de la UBPC "Aguadita", perteneciente a la Empresa Pecuaria Rodas, se evaluaron cuatro frecuencias de corte (45, 75, 90 y 120 d) en un banco de forraje de Pennisetum purpureum vc. Cuba CT-115 durante el período poco lluvioso en un suelo pardo sin carbonato, clasificado como ácido (pH 4.82). En un diseño de bloques al azar con cuatro réplicas se evaluaron los siguientes parámetros productivos: número de hijos, altura de la planta, número de hojas, largo de las hojas, ancho de las hojas, masa de las hojas y del tallo y los valores de materia seca, proteína bruta, fibra bruta, calcio, fósforo y energía metabolizable. La frecuencia de corte influyó positivamente en la altura de la planta, sin relación con el número de hojas. La menor longitud de las mismas se encontró a los 45 d, con diferencias de los restantes (P < 0.05) en 23.06, 23.72 y 37.40 cm, respectivamente. La mayor cantidad de hijos se encontró a los 75 d (46.70) y 90 d (38.90). La masa de las hojas y tallos presentó los mayores valores a los 120 d de corte (508.00 y 849.67 g), con valores intermedios a las frecuencias de 75 (313.33 y 300.00 g) y 90 d (320.67 y 282.67 g), representada por una mejor relación hoja: tallo a los 45 d. El mayor contenido de MS se encontró a los 120 d en hojas (27,85 %) y en tallos (30.50 %), sin diferencias entre los restantes cortes. La PB disminuyó con la extensión de la frecuencia de corte, con los mayores valores de FB para 90 y 120 d. Los rendimientos totales fueron mayores para 120 d (10.2 t ha-1 ), pero con menor calidad, por lo que se recomienda una frecuencia de corte de 75 d para el período poco lluvioso. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Indigenous knowledge and responses were implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic to protect health, showcasing how Indigenous communities participation in health systems could be a pathway to increase resilience to emergent hazards like climate change. This study aimed to inform efforts to enhance climate change resilience in a health context by: (1) examining if and how adaptation to climate change is taking place within health systems in the Peruvian Amazon, (2) understanding how Indigenous communities and leaders' responses to climatic hazards are being articulated within the official health system and (3) to provide recommendations to increase the climate change resilience of Amazon health systems., Methods: This study was conducted among two Peruvian Amazon healthcare networks in Junin and Loreto regions. A mixed methodology design was performed using a cross-sectional survey (13 healthcare facilities), semistructured interviews (27 official health system participants and 17 Indigenous participants) and two in-person workshops to validate and select key priorities (32 participants). We used a climate-resilient health system framework linked to the WHO health systems building blocks., Results: Indigenous and official health systems in the Peruvian Amazon are adapting to climate change. Indigenous responses included the use of Indigenous knowledge on weather variability, vegetal medicine to manage health risks and networks to share food and resources. Official health responses included strategies for climate change and response platforms that acted mainly after the occurrence of climate hazards. Key pathways to articulate Indigenous and official health systems encompass incorporating Indigenous representations in climate and health governance, training the health work force, improving service delivery and access, strengthening the evidence to support Indigenous responses and increasing the budget for climate emergency responses., Conclusions: Key resilience pathways call for a broader paradigm shift in health systems that recognises Indigenous resilience as valuable for health adaptation, moves towards a more participatory health system and broadens the vision of health as a dimension inherently tied to the environment., Competing Interests: Competing interests: CZ-C declares that her salary was covered partially with funds of this study. All other authors declare no competing interests., (© World Health Organization 2024. Licensee BMJ.)

Silver ultrasmall nanoparticles (Ag UNPs) (size < 5 nm) were used as biosensing probes to analyze the efflux kinetics contributing to multidrug resistance (MDR) in single live triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells by using dark-field optical microscopy to follow their size-dependent localized surface plasmon resonance. TNBC cells lack expression of estrogen (ER-), progesterone (PR-), and human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2-) receptors and are more likely to acquire resistance to anticancer drugs due to their ability to transport harmful substances outside the cell. The TNBC cells displayed greater nuclear and cytoplasmic efflux, resulting in less toxicity of Ag UNPs in a concentration-independent manner. In contrast, more Ag UNPs and an increase in cytotoxic effects were observed in the receptor-positive breast cancer cells that have receptors for ER+, PR+, and HER2+ and are known to better respond to anticancer therapies. Ag UNPs accumulated in receptor-positive breast cancer cells in a time-and concentration-dependent mode and caused decreased cellular growth, whereas the TNBC cells due to the efflux were able to continue to grow. The TNBC cells demonstrated a marked increase in survival due to their ability to have MDR determined by efflux of Ag UNPs outside the nucleus and the cytoplasm of the cells. Further evaluation of the nuclear efflux kinetics of TNBC cells with Ag UNPs as biosensing probes is critical to gain a better understanding of MDR and potential for enhancement of cancer drug delivery.

Background: Epilepsy surgery has an important role in the treatment of patients with medically intractable seizures. Various authors have proposed an endoscopic technique to perform disconnective procedures. A detailed description of intracerebral anatomy seen through an endoscopic transcallosal corridor has not been reported. The aim of this study was to present a cadaveric step-by-step anatomical demonstration of endoscopic transcallosal hemispherotomy using a dedicated three-dimensional model., Methods: Anatomical dissections were performed on 6 cadaveric heads (12 hemispheres), and the disconnective procedure was performed using an endoscopic transcallosal approach. A dedicated three-dimensional model was used to better illustrate each step. A simulation of the disconnective procedure was performed by recreating the surgical steps on a subject from the Human Connectome Project dataset, and a calculation of the fiber tracts intersected was performed., Results: Analyzing data extracted from the three-dimensional model and tractography simulation, 100% of the fibers (streamlines) of corpus callosum, corticopontine tracts, corticospinal tract, and inferior fronto-occipital fascicle were transected. Moreover, a satisfactory number of fibers (>95%) of the thalamocortical tracts, corticostriatal tracts, corona radiata, fornix, and uncinate fascicle were disconnected., Conclusions: This anatomical study described the relevant neurovascular structures to enable prediction of feasibility and control of the surgical procedure using the endoscopic transcallosal approach. The quantitative analysis permitted estimation of the theoretical efficacy of the procedure, confirming its relevant role in disconnective surgery., (Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Obesity is considered a major cardiovascular risk factor. The excess of pericardial fat (PF) in patients with obesity has been associated with a variety of electrocardiographic alterations. In previous studies, we demonstrated that rapid weight loss and bariatric interventions result in decreased PF., Objectives: The aim of this study is to report the changes in PF after bariatric surgery and its effect on ventricular conduction., Setting: US hospital, academic institution., Methods: A linear measurement of PF thickness on computed tomography scans was obtained for 81 patients, as well as a retrospective review of electrocardiographic changes before and after bariatric surgery. We compared the changes in PF thickness and electrocardiographic components before and after procedures. Common demographics and co-morbidities were collected along with lipid profiles preoperative and postoperative., Results: A total of 81 patients had electrocardiograms done before and 1 year after bariatric surgery. Females comprised 67.9% (n = 55), and the average age for our population was 55.07 ± 14.17 years. Pericardial fat thickness before surgery was 5.6 ± 1.84 and 4.5 ± 1.62 mm after surgery (P = .0001). Ventricular conduction (QT and QT corrected [QTc] intervals) showed a significant improvement from 438.7 + 29 before to 426.8 + 25.3 after bariatric surgery (P = .006). We found a statistically significant association between the decrease in PF and the decrease in QTc intervals (P = .002)., Conclusion: Obesity is a risk factor for arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Bariatric surgery and its effect on PF produce an improvement in ventricular conduction, which may reduce the ventricular electrical instability in patients with obesity., (Copyright © 2021 American Society for Bariatric Surgery. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)